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| 3. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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INTEGRERAD STADSMILJÖEFFEKTANALYS (ISMA) AV INFRASTRUKTURELLA FÖRÄNDRINGAR
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report (in Swedish) presents the method developed within the research project ‘Stadsmiljöanalys- Analys av tätbebyggda miljöer i infrastrukturprojekt’, funded by Trafikverket (Swedish Transport Authority). This project sets up an integrated methodology for analysing and estimating the local impact of road and rail infrastructure projects in urban environments, either by way of new infrastructure or by way of retrofits, focusing on socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural-historical effects. While the focus is on national transport infrastructure investments, the method addresses local effects. This stems from the acknowledgement that each infrastructure investments results in a redistribution of accessibility where increasing accessibility on a regional and interurban scale might create encroachments on a local scale including the reduction of the usability of areas near to the infrastructure due to emissions and noise, risk of accidents, negative impacts on wildlife as well as barrier effects. It is these encroachments this method aims to highlight with the aim to reduce negative trade-offs of new or transformed transport infrastructure and recognize both local opportunities and sensitivities. In this project the direct effects of infrastructure projects in relation to the three perspectives (socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural-historical are described and measured in a precise manner through a series of spatial analyses. The cumulative, indirect, effects and broader consequences are also assessed, in relation to the sustainable development goals. The overall assessment methodology is based on a before-and-after analysis workflow, systematically comparing the existing situation (how it is, how it functions, how it affects people) to the future scenarios proposed by planning. The methodology is showcased using two infrastructural transformations projects in Söderköping and Mölndal, Sweden, as case studies. The overarching goal of the research project is to contribute to an improved integration between infrastructure and local urban areas and communities in projects initiated and developed by the Swedish Transport Authority, Trafikverket. The presented methodology builds on the ILKA (Integrerad landskapskaraktärsanalys) method, currently used by the Swedish Transport Authority. While ILKA focuses mainly on the inventory of the current landscape on a regional scale, this project widens the scope to also address urban areas and to include, besides the ecological descriptions, also socio-economic and cultural-historical analysis that are currently less emphasized. Such an integrated method can improve the ability of the Swedish Transport Authority to develop projects that contribute to sustainable urban development and, furthermore, create a unified work procedure in the organization.
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| 4. |
- Stave, Christina
(författare)
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Workshop om trafik och pedagogik : vilken forskning bedrivs inom området idag och hur vill vi att den ska utvecklas?
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A workshop initiated by the Traffic Education Group (TUG) at VTI on the theme "Traffic Education - What research is currently conducted in the field today and how do we want the field to develop" was held at VTI in November 2010. TUG was represented by six researchers and six visiting participants from The National Society for Road Safety (NTF), The Swedish National Association of Driving Schools (STR), Trivector Information and The Swedish Transport Agency participated. Initially a lecture was held on the topic of educational trends of today. The presentation focused on the relationships between learning goals, teaching methods and examination. The presentation was followed by a discussion presented in this report.A lot of research has been conducted in the field but has it been put into practice? Various methods have been tested but not yet used on a larger scale. A proposal about traffic education in the mandatory school has been developed but as the subject will not be compulsory it will probably have very low practical impact. Another important question is who is responsible for financing research in this field. It seems like this task has fallen through the cracks.The largest part of the discussion was devoted to driving license education and the question was raised whether or not there would be a revision of the whole system initiated by the politicians. The evaluation results of the new syllabus for driving license B indicate that little has changed within the driving license education and the question is whether the driving teachers need more support to transform the curriculum into practical education. The driving schools have to contend with a culture where as few lessons as possible is considered the best (cost and time), which makes it difficult to improve teaching quality.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berghammer, Malin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Young adults experiences of living with congenitala heart disease
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 110:3, s. 340-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Advances in care have improved the longevity and quality of life for children with congenital heart disease; however, many of them need lifelong highly qualified specialist care. The cardiac lesion involved may not always be the patient's main problem; issues related to quality of life may dominate. AIM: To explore and gain a deeper understanding of young adults experiences of living with congenital heart disease in order to enhance the quality of care provided by the health care system. METHOD: Transcribed in-depth interviews were analysed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic method. Six adults with congenital heart disease, aged 22-39 years old, were included in the study. RESULTS: Analyses yielded two themes, having the disease and living with illness, both originating from the main theme of ambivalence. The interviewees were ambivalent in how they viewed themselves, how they faced their daily life and how they dealt with their encounters with the health care system. They had to strike a balance between being different and not being different; being sick and being healthy; revealing their congenital heart disease or hiding it and living with a hidden handicap. They also had to cope with the disease and with the health care system. CONCLUSION: Young adults with congenital heart disease are ambivalent. They have a strong wish to be healthy and they might hide their symptoms from the healthcare personnel and sometimes even from themselves. A psychosocial preparedness when meeting these patients is necessary.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972
(författare)
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An analytical approach to urban form
- 2018
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Ingår i: Urban Book Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2365-757X .- 2365-7588. ; , s. 101-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of space-morphology, a specific branch in urban morphology, is to ‘uncover the fundamental characteristics of urban geometries’ (Moudon in Ordering space: types in architecture and design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, p. 289–311, 1992) and ‘enrich the description of built form in ways that express aspects of performance and function’ (Peponis in Investigative modeling and spatial analysis: a commentary of directions. p. 2, 2014). Two research directions are important when discussing space-morphology, both developed in the UK during the 1970s. First, the work at the Centre of Land Use and Built Form at Cambridge University directed by Leslie Martin and Lionel March and their seminal work ‘the grid as generator’ (Martin and March in Urban space and structures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972). Recently, this direction received renewed attention with publications such as ‘Streets & Patterns’ by Marshall (Urban Des Int 17:257–271, 2005) and ‘Space, density and urban form’ by Berghauser Pont and Haupt (Spacematrix: space, density and urban form. NAi Publishers, Rotterdam, 2010). Second, the Unit for Architectural Studies at University College London, directed by Bill Hillier, that developed in what we today know as the Space Syntax laboratory. Besides the description of these two directions in what we call space-morphology, this chapter will discuss how these two directions can be combined and how this can benefit the other schools of urban morphology, not least when it comes to identifying typologies. Typologies, being specific combinations of spatial properties, perform and function in specific ways and can be an effective way to inform urban design and planning practice when they intervene in cities and change these types or add new ones. Such an evidence-based approach puts new demands on the education of architects, urban planners and designers.
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| 9. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972
(författare)
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Book Notes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Urban Morphology. - 1027-4278. ; 23:2, s. 186-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dense and green building typologies. Research, policy and practice perspectives by Thomas Schröpfer and Sacha Menz, Springer, Briefs in Architectural Design and Technology, Singapore, 2019, 119 pp. ISBN 978-981-13-0712-6. Gridded worlds. An urban anthology edited by Reuben Rose-Redwood and Liora Bigon, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2018, 293 pp. ISBN 978-3-319-76489-4. The Venice variations. Tracing the architectural imagination by Sophia Psarra, UCL Press, London, UK, 2018, 306 pp. ISBN 978-1-78735-241-4. Landscape as forma mentis. Interpreting the integral dimension of the anthropic space. Magnolia by Nicola Scardigno, FrancoAngeli, Milano, Italy, 2018, 207 pp. ISBN 978-88-917-6880-3. The poverty of territorialism. A Neo-Medieval view of Europe and European planning by Andreas Falludi, Edward Elgar Publishing, Elgar studies in planning theory, policy and practice Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, USA, 2018, 179 pp. ISBN 978-1-78897-360-1. Housing Estates in Europe. Poverty, Ethnic Segregation and Policy Challenges edited by Daniel Baldwin Hess, Tiit Tammaru and Maarten van Ham, The Urban Book Series, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2018, 424 pp ISBN 978-3-319-92812-8. The everyday experiences of reconstruction and regeneration: from vision to reality in Birmingham and Coventry by David Adams and Peter Larkham, Routledge, Abingdon, UK, 2019, 196 pp. ISBN 978–1–4724–7117–8. Towers for the welfare state: an architectural history of British multi-storey housing 1945–1970 by Stefan Muthesius and Miles Glendinning, Scottish Centre for Conservation Studies, Edinburgh, UK, 2017, 266 pp. ISBN 978–1–9999205–2–4.
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| 10. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Development of urban types based on network centrality, built density and their impact on pedestrian movement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. - : SAGE Publications. - 2399-8083 .- 2399-8091. ; 46:8, s. 1549-1564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of the relationship between the built environment and urban processes is central in guiding urban processes in more sustainable trajectories. Of particular importance to this endeavour is the idea of urban types. However, on closer scrutiny, while such types may capture the symbolic dimension of urban form, they frequently do not capture its performance or functional dimension. This prohibits precise policy formulation on the topic. This paper first presents a methodology for generating urban types relevant to urban practice (using analytical and statistical methods) and, second, an empirical test of the differences in performance concerning their influence on the presence of people in public space (an essential driver of many other urban processes). For this reason, a large (and to our knowledge unique) pedestrian survey of three European metropolitan areas was conducted and used to test the performance of the urban types developed. The results prove that the methodology for developing the types is robust, as it picks up generally recognised spatial patterns in all three cities. Further, the types were able to explain the intensity of pedestrian flow, its spatial distribution and fluctuations of intensity in space and time. These are vital steps forward and provide more useable typologies in urban planning and design practice.
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| 11. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing cities' capacity to manage noise and air quality using urban morphology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts XXVI International Seminar on Urban Form “Cities as Assemblages”. ; , s. 42-42
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to the World Health Organization, the top two in disease burden are air pollution and environmental noise. In cities, road traffic is the largest contributor to both noise and air pollution and the corresponding Swedish Environmental objectives are to date estimated to not be reached by 2020. Future reductions concerning both air quality and noise are considered insufficient whereby additional measures are needed. Air quality is linked to urban form such that compact cities were shown to result in increasing concentrations of air pollution. Further, urban form influences the meteorology due to changed surface roughness on the larger scale (urban scale), and even more in a local- and microscale at ground level in street canyons. This will affect wind patterns influencing the dispersion possibility of air pollutants. For investigating local effects of urban morphology on noise and air distribution simultaneously, the Spacematrix method has been shown to be useful, as described in Berghauser Pont and Haupt (2010). Building types can be composed of a combination of density variables enabling to quantify a type and manipulate each variable separately. The aim of this paper is to identify critical spatial parameters influencing noise and air pollution and translate them into measures of spatial form including size of the urban block, and distribution, positioning and height of the buildings within that block.
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| 12. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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INNOVATIONS IN MEASURING DENSITY: FROM AREA AND LOCATION DENSITY TO ACCESSIBLE AND PERCEIVED DENSITY
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Architectural Research. - 1893-5281. ; :2, s. 11-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although density has been an important concept for urban design and planning ever since the 19th century, it is an imprecise concept with varying definitions and measurements. This is annoying as the concept is central to strategies for sustainable urban development which have gained wide support since the 1990s. This paper gives a brief review of the most frequently used urban density measures and their shortcomings. In this paper, we will further show that a multivariable definition of density as proposed in the Spacemate method is needed to capture important morphological qualities that otherwise are lost in abstract numbers. The paper also addresses the Modifiable Area Unit Problem inherent to all measures of urban density, and proposes to solve this by introducing accessibility in the density measure. Defining distance is obviously a critical part of the accessibility measure and it is therefore proposed to use the axial map developed in space syntax, to measure distance. The axial map is a geometric representation of urban space based on graph theory, constructed from the point of view of a cognitive subject, i.e. an experiencing and acting human being. By doing so this paper arrives at a measure of accessible density that even can be understood as a measure of perceived density.
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| 13. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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PST
- 2019
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Annan publikation (mjukvara/multimedium) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PST is a tool for performing space syntax and regular accessibility analyses. It currently consists of two main parts - a C++ and Python library called Pstalgo and a plugin for the desktop application QGIS.PST is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users.For latest download visit either the Chalmers publication page, or find "Releases" on the Github page.
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| 14. |
- Bobis Camacho, Julián, 1997, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of culture conditions for sewage-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of global antimicrobial resistance. - 2213-7173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown promise in predicting clinical antibiotic resistance rates from sewage data. Few have focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae, despite its virulence and importance as carrier of antibiotic resistance. Several media have been suggested for the isolation of K. pneumoniae from complex samples. However, comprehensive evaluations of culture protocols for isolation of K. pneumoniae from sewage are lacking.Here, influent samples from a major Swedish sewage treatment plant were used to evaluate ten culture conditions in parallel: cultivation on Brilliant green containing Inositol-Nitrate-Deoxycholate agar (BIND), Bruce agar, Klebsiella ChromoSelect Selective agar®, MacConkey-Inositol-Carbenicillin, or Simmons Citrate Agar with Inositol (SCAI) incubated at either 37˚C or 42˚C for 44 h. The culture conditions were compared based on colony counts of presumed K. pneumoniae and identification precision assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.The sensitivity was lowest for BIND, whereas it was similar for the other media irrespective of incubation temperature. For four media, a better precision was observed after incubation at 42˚C compared to 37˚C, to a large extent explained by a lower frequency of captured Klebsiella oxytoca. SCAI incubated at 42˚C showed the highest precision (84.4%). By combining this protocol with subsequent antibiotic resistance screening of collected isolates, low resistance rates in sewage K. pneumoniae were revealed, potentially reflecting the local resistance landscape.When combined with downstream analyses, SCAI incubated at 42˚C could be a valuable culture protocol for sewage-based studies on various aspects of K. pneumoniae epidemiology including antibiotic resistance prevalence.
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| 15. |
- Bolin, Anna
(författare)
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The military profession in change : The case of Sweden
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The starting point for this study is the transformation that the latest decade has occurred in security and defence affairs. The focal point is the big challenges that these developments have implied for national armed forces. The perspective chosen to describe and analyse this is that of professionalism, and the object of study is that of the Swedish military. The aim of the study is in broad terms to investigate what the development in security and defence affairs has implied for the professionalism of the Swedish military. As a base for the study a framework of professionalism is used. The framework chosen is developed to describe and explain professionalism generally – not just military professionalism. This framework of professionalism is through out the study used as a structuring device. Through describing the Swedish military officer corps in terms of a general framework of professionalism a theoretical portrait of the Swedish military profession is obtained. In this portrait we can see that changes in the Swedish military reflect a number of elements of professionalism. For each such element, the consequences stemming from developments in security and defence affairs are presented and analysed. How can the changes in military professionalism be understood and characterised in more overall and concluding terms? To find an answer to this, existing approaches to describe military professional changes are analysed, and their capacity to portray the current changes of the Swedish military profession are evaluated. As a result of this enquiry an alternative model is constructed – a model that is considered to more accurately sum up and characterise the development of the Swedish military profession as it is described here. This alternative model depicts the development of the Swedish military profession as a movement away from a professionalism of the “sovereign warrior” towards a professionalism of the “involved constable”. Attention is finally directed towards the professionals themselves and what they think about the changes in security and defence affairs and in their profession. The question asked is what attitudes the military officers harbour towards the development of the military profession. Do they approve or do they oppose it? Etc. The overall conclusion concerning the attitudes of the military officers is that they stand behind the basic direction and strategic goals steering the development in defence and military issues, and accept and support the development and the changes facing them. The sources and material are of two main types. Data have mainly been found in existing literature and in different types of official documents. To investigate the attitudes of the military professionals, semi-structured interviews have been carried out.
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| 16. |
- Gil Gómez, Gaspar
(författare)
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Towards efficient vehicle dynamics development : From subjective assessments to objective metrics, from physical to virtual testing
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vehicle dynamics development is strongly based on subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle prototypes, which is expensive and time consuming. Consequently, in the age of computer- aided engineering (CAE), there is a drive towards reducing this dependency on physical test- ing. However, computers are known for their remarkable processing capacity, not for their feelings. Therefore, before SA can be computed, it is required to properly understand the cor- relation between SA and objective metrics (OM), which can be calculated by simulations, and to understand how this knowledge can enable a more efficient and effective development process.The approach to this research was firstly to identify key OM and SA in vehicle dynamics, based on the multicollinearity of OM and of SA, and on interviews with expert drivers. Sec- ondly, linear regressions and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to identify the ranges of preferred OM that lead to good SA-ratings. This result is the base for objective require- ments, a must in effective vehicle dynamics development and verification.The main result of this doctoral thesis is the development of a method capable of predicting SA from combinations of key OM. Firstly, this method generates a classification map of ve- hicles solely based on their OM, which allows for a qualitative prediction of the steering feel of a new vehicle based on its position, and that of its neighbours, in the map. This prediction is enhanced with descriptive word-clouds, which summarizes in a few words the comments of expert test drivers to each vehicle in the map. Then, a second superimposed ANN displays the evolution of SA-ratings in the map, and therefore, allows one to forecast the SA-rating for the new vehicle. Moreover, this method has been used to analyse the effect of the tolerances of OM requirements, as well as to verify the previously identified preferred range of OM.This thesis focused on OM-SA correlations in summer conditions, but it also aimed to in- crease the effectiveness of vehicle dynamics development in general. For winter conditions, where objective testing is not yet mature, this research initiates the definition and identifica- tion of robust objective manoeuvres and OM. Experimental data were used together with CAE optimisations and ANOVA-analysis to optimise the manoeuvres, which were verified in a second experiment. To improve the quality and efficiency of SA, Volvo’s Moving Base Driving Simulator (MBDS) was validated for vehicle dynamics SA-ratings. Furthermore, a tablet-app to aid vehicle dynamics SA was developed and validated.Combined this research encompasses a comprehensive method for a more effective and ob- jective development process for vehicle dynamics. This has been done by increasing the un- derstanding of OM, SA and their relations, which enables more effective SA (key SA, MBDS, SA-app), facilitates objective requirements and therefore CAE development, identi- fies key OM and their preferred ranges, and which allow to predict SA solely based on OM.
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| 17. |
- Looström, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk recipientkontroll vid Södra Cell Värö : årsrapport för 2020
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Södra Cell Värö är ett massabruk med produktion sedan 1971. Sammansättningen av ämnen i brukets processvatten har förändrats genom åren och i denna rapport har effekter och miljöpåverkan av brukets verksamhet undersökts, med fokus främst på livet i den marina omgivningen. Undersökningarna startade 1983, utförs årligen och omfattar analyser av vilka effekter Södra Cell Värös dammanläggning har för uppvandringen av ålyngel, statusen för fisk- och evertebratsamhället i recipientområdet över tid, och inverkan på botten i området kring brukets utsläppstub. Uppvandringen av ålyngel undersöks genom insamling i ålyngelledare från april–september. Fisk- och evertebratsamhället undersöks genom trålningar i september både i recipientområdet, Värö, och i referensområdet, Ustö. Från trålningarna analyseras antalet fiskar och arter, diversitet, och den genomsnittliga trofiska nivån i fisksamhället och jämförelser har gjorts mellan områdena över tid. Effekten av Södra Cell Värös utsläppstub på den lokala bottnen undersöks med filmning och visuell analys görs av bottenområdet kring tuben. Vid filmningen 2020 noterades få fastsittande arter på och runt tuben samt att stora mängder lösa partiklar och organiskt material sprids till omgivande bottnar. Fångsten av uppvandrande ålyngel har totalt sett minskat över tid från undersökningarnas början, men en svag ökning kan noteras under den senaste sjuårsperioden. Fångsten av ålyngel kan inte kopplas till Södra Cell Värös verksamhet, utan beror snarare på storskaliga förändringar i trender i ålrekryteringen. Den totala fångsten av fisk i trålundersökningarna har inte förändrats över tid vid Värö eller vid referensområdet Ustö. Fångsten av ryggradslösa djur i provfisket över tid skiljer sig inte mellan Värö och referensområdet, och det totala antalet ryggradslösa djur har ökat i båda områdena. Utvecklingen av antalet evertebratarter över tid skiljer sig åt mellan de två områdena, även om artantalet i fångsten har ökat på båda platserna. I provfiskefångsten har simkrabba, strandkrabba och krabbtaska ökat över tid i Värö. I Ustö har endast simkrabba och krabbtaska ökat över tid. År 2020 var Shannon–Wieners diversitetsindex något högre vid Värö än vid Ustö. Inga signifikanta trender i trofisk nivå över tid kan påvisas och det fanns ingen skillnad i trofisk nivå mellan Värö och referensområdet. Den trofiska nivån bestämdes främst av sandskädda som var den dominerande arten. Fångsten av vitling har fluktuerat över tid, och var åter på låga värden efter rekordhög fångst av arten 2016. Rödspätta har minskat i Ustö och områdena utvecklas olika över tid, där Ustö har större fångst av rödspätta i provfiskeperiodens början, medan förhållandet är det omvända i slutet av provfiskeperioden. Individerna i fångsten var generellt små. Torsk har minskat i båda Värö och i referensområdet, och fångsten bestod av små, sannolikt unga individer. Sjukdomskontroll utfördes på samtliga fångade fiskar. Ett fåtal individer uppvisade yttre, synliga skador eller sjukdomssymptom.
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| 18. |
- Marculescu, Bogdan, et al.
(författare)
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Finding a Boundary between Valid and Invalid Regions of the Input Space
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781728119700 ; 2018-December, s. 169-178
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of robustness testing, the boundary between the valid and invalid regions of the input space can be an interesting source of erroneous inputs. Knowing where a specific software under test (SUT) has a boundary is also essential for validation in relation to requirements. However, finding where a SUT actually implements the boundary is a non-trivial problem that has not gotten much attention. This paper proposes a method of finding the boundary between the valid and invalid regions of the input space, by developing pairs of test sets that describe that boundary in detail. The proposed method consists of two steps. First, test data generators, directed by a search algorithm to maximise distance to known, valid test cases, generate valid test cases that are closer to the boundary. Second, these valid test cases undergo mutations to try to push them over the boundary and into the invalid part of the input space. This results in a pair of test sets, one consisting of test cases on the valid side of the boundary and a matched set on the outer side, with only a small distance between the two sets. The method is evaluated on a number of examples from the standard library of a modern programming language. We propose a method of determining the boundary between valid and invalid regions of the input space, and apply it on a SUT that has a non-contiguous valid region of the input space. From the small distance between the developed pairs of test sets, and the fact that one test set contains valid test cases and the other invalid test cases, we conclude that the pair of test sets described the boundary between the valid and invalid regions of that input space. Differences of behaviour can be observed between different distances and different sets of mutation operators, but all show that the method is able to identify the boundary between the valid and invalid regions of the input space. This is an important step towards more automated robustness testing. © 2018 IEEE.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Stave, Christina
(författare)
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Safety as a process : From risk perception to safety activity
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The frequency of occupational accidents in the Swedish food industry and agriculture is high. This thesis has therefore explored the 'process of safety' in order to detect and analyse factors that either hinder or facilitate safety activity and to further develop intervention methods towards increased safety activity. The first study was based on in-depth interviews with 54 injured food-industry operators and their supervisors, exploring preconditions of accidents, using the qualitative method of grounded theory. Results showed that the accidents were embedded in the "normal" in which the accidents occurred without any warning. Preconditions of accidents were technical and organisational deficiencies such as insufficient communication and learning, high responsibility in combination with low control, conflicting goals, and a gap between procedures and practice. These factors influenced the safety culture toward risk acceptance and a normalisation of accidents. The second study tested a hypothetical model of the casual relationship between risk perception and safety activity as well as risk acceptance. Results were based on a cross-sectional questionnaire exploring the attitudes towards risk and safety of 315 farmers and farm workers. The results mainly confirmed two paths, one mediated by risk manageability and one by work stress, which counteracted each other The third study was an evaluation of a safety intervention methodology based on group discussions with three levels of structure. Eighty-eight farmers and farm workers divided into 9 groups gathered on seven occasions during one year. A pre-post questionnaire was used to evaluate the effects. The results showed a significant increase in safety activity. Stress as well as risk acceptance were reduced, but risk perception and perceived risk manageability did not change. The fourth study evaluated the process of the intervention. Results indicated good feasibility of the method. The social network was stated to be most beneficial and a time span was needed. The conclusions of the thesis were that the process of safety might benefit from reflecting and discussing incident experiences, detecting hindrances/facilitators to safety. Risk acceptance and normalisation of accidents may be influenced by focusing on work stress and the priority of safety, supporting a participative process of change with an honest climate.
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| 21. |
- Stave, Christina, 1957-
(författare)
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Safety culture for automation in transport companies : Final Report
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an increasing automation in road transport, involving introduction of fully automated vehicles (AV) in some areas. Organizations that introduce automated vehicles need support on how to develop a sustainable safety culture with zero accidents. There is a need to investigate the gap between the implementation of automated vehicles and human behavior at all organizational levels, and to link to the zero vision with practical applications to enhance the safety culture in transport businesses. The aim was to explore existing practice and knowledge of safety culture in traffic related to automation, trying to identify and analyze blank spots and risks. Additionally, to identify how companies using automated vehicles can succeed in achieving a good safety culture. At first a literature review was performed, secondly five interviews were made in Sweden and in Norway to explore experiences from innovation projects with fully autonomous vehicles. Thirdly a workshop was conducted with researchers from different areas and developers of AVs. The purpose was to get an interdisciplinary discussion on safety culture and technology development. The aim was to explore potential risks and the meaning of safety culture when autonomous vehicles are introduced. Finally, a proposal for a research project based on the findings were submitted and accepted. Results from the literature review concluded that a key area that should be examined in future research is the influence of organizational safety culture in implementation of AV in companies, e.g. terminals, ports etc. or professional drivers. The interviews revealed six themes. These themes should be lifted forward when investigating safety culture in industries that plan to introduce new or higher levels of automation. The interviews also explored existing practice and a low knowledge level of safety culture in traffic related to automation. In the workshop two topics were discussed: (i) Safety culture in the organization with Autonomous Vehicles and (ii) Safety culture in product development. It resulted in six themes that should be studied further; 1) Safety vs. Productivity 2) Culture and norms 3) Responsibility 4) Adjustability 5) From user to organizational centered design 6) Built-in safety culture in the design of product. The conclusion is that there is a lack of studies on safety culture in development of AVs. Automation is technology driven, and the transport sector needs to prepare by organizing safety from a system’s perspective, such as safety culture. The themes from the workshop could form the basis to propose methods and instruments to measure and support safety culture in automation. The integration of sustainability and gender equality is also undeveloped and in order to achieve the 2030 agenda, the results could form a starting point to the processes and tools to facilitate change. Additional studies are needed to identify and to produce guidelines for companies using automated vehicles as well as to establish a good safety culture. The next step is to carry out the new FFI pre-study which forms the basis for a full application where tools for developing safety culture in automation, will be developed, studying best practice, KPIs and routines, using different case studies in the industry. The pre-study contributes with basic knowledge of survey tools for measuring and developing safety culture, sustainability and gender equality, as well as a model for understanding and developing the safety culture. Accomplishing a mutual learning between industries and researchers.
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| 22. |
- Stave, Christina, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhetskultur i bussbolag
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sex mindre bussföretag vill genom sitt samverkansbolag förändra säkerhetskulturen för att kunna möta nya avtalskrav och att bli proaktiva. Resultaten visade en förbättrad attityd till hastighetshållning, även vid pressat tidschema. Säkerhetskultur är de gemensamma attityder, värderingar och uppfattningar som chefer och anställda har om förhållandet till säkerhet. För att förbättra säkerhetskulturen utgår projektet från organisations- och ledningsnivå, vilket gör den mer stabil över tid och förändrar i grunden. De faktorer inom säkerhetskulturen som denna studie fokuserar på är ledningens åtagande och tydliga prioriteringar av säkerhet, delaktighet av förare samt höjd kunskap och kommunikation. Genom att mäta både attityder och beteende hoppas vi att kunna bidra till effektivare rutiner samt en säkrare trafik- och arbetsmiljö. Intervention på lednings- och organisationsnivå innebär upprepade gruppdiskussioner med feedback från enkätmätningar av attityder och mätningar av beteende. Utvecklingsprocessen leds och stöds av en intern projektledare och en forskare som även observerar och studerar, för att utröna om säkerhetskultur kan påverkas och lagligt beteende i trafiken främjas genom dessa metoder. Projektet hade målet att utveckla teknik för att kunna göra mätningar av hastighetsefterlevnad, bältesanvändning, bränsle-förbrukning och skador/olyckor för att se eventuella förändringar i säkerhetskulturen. Att utveckla teknik och metodik för att ge både företag och förare ett instrument för att kunna se utvecklingen mot uppsatta mål samt förbättra utfall genom feedback på eget beteende.
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| 23. |
- Stave, Christina, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhetskultur och automatiserade fordon : Publik rapport
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med förstudien var att förankra synen på säkerhetskultur hos industripartners genom kunskapsutbyte på ett flertal workshops, samt att undersöka lämplig undersökningsdesign för en kommande större studie. Olika arbetsmodeller har presenterats som syftar till att stödja en process för att integrera säkerhetskultur i design och implementering av autonoma fordon. Likaså har olika mätmetoder från säkerhetskulturforskningen presenterats för att kunna anpassas till autonoma fordon och maskinutveckling samt att inkludera mätningar av hållbarhet och jämställdhet. Arbetet med säkerhetskultur behöver utvecklas inom automation av fordon och maskiner, för att förverkliga den potential som finns inom industrin för att nå nollvisionen i trafiksäkerhetsarbetet.
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| 24. |
- Stave, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Unga resenärers upplevelser av kollektivtrafiken
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien var att få en fördjupad kunskap om faktorer som påverkar unga resenärers attityd till och upplevelse av kollektivresan. Kunskap som kan förklara varför resenären fattar sina val att resa eller inte resa kollektivt nu och i framtiden undersöktes genom tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt 24 unga i åldern 18–20 år. Undersökningen gjordes under hösten 2016 och var ett samarbete med Västtrafik i Västra Götalandsregionen.Resultaten kan delas in i två huvudteman: A) upplevelsen av resan och dess relationer, som beskriver situationen, vad som sker och hur det hanteras och B) uppfattningar om resan och dess potential som handlar om resenärens värderingar och behov. Vi vill påstå att ungdomars val att vara kvar eller att lämna kollektivtrafiken efter skoltiden, bland annat påverkas av deras upplevelser och uppfattningar.Resultaten av denna studie lyfter fram behovet av att se resans innehåll och resenärens upplevelse som väsentlig. Resan kan bli värdefullistället för bortkastad tid om upplevelsen kan förbättras så att resenärerna kan koppla av och få vara ifred. Trängseln och resans ryckighet är ett problem och en sittplats behövs då man är trött, vill läsa läxor eller använda bägge händerna med mobilen. Trängseln leder också till ett respektlöst beteende mellan passagerare. Det finns risk för att ökade krav på kostnadseffektivt i kollektivtrafiken leder till ökad trängsel vilket sänker attraktiviteten i framtiden. Föraren har en viktig roll för upplevelsen av resan, de unga önskar en professionell förare som kör mjukt med ett kundorienterat bemötande.Ett förvånande resultat var att de unga resenärerna var så positiva till kollektivtrafiken och att Västtrafik fick ett bra betyg med tanke på att ungdomar ofta lämnar kollektivtrafiken efter skoltiden. Deltagarna hade många förslag på förbättringar som redovisas i rapporten och det framgick att brist på information kunde leda till upplevelser av opålitlighet och negativt bemötande.
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| 25. |
- Stave, Christina, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av miljöinslagen i introduktionsutbildningen för privat övningskörning : en kvalitativ studie av innehåll och effekter
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna kvalitativa utvärdering av miljöinslag i introduktionsutbildningen har 18 utbildningstillfällen studerats genom observationer och intervjuer med utbildare samt analyser av de aktuella utbildningsanordnarnas undervisningsplaner. För samma utbildningstillfällen har ett urval av 32 handledare och 34 elever telefonintervjuats. En sammantagen analys av hela materialet har utförts. Syftet var att utvärdera miljöinslagens effekter avseende kunskap, attityd och beteende.Resultaten visade att miljöinslagens del i introduktionsutbildningen varierade stort i de undersökta utbildningarna, allt från 3 till 35 minuter. Att enbart räkna tiden ger dock inte helt rättvisa, utan det är lärarens engagemang och pedagogik som är av vikt. Analysen av undervisningsplanerna bekräftar också den stora variationen. De flesta handledare och i något mindre grad eleverna minns några månader efter utbildningen att man hade pratat om miljöfrågorna i introduktionsutbildningen.I första hand var det avsnittet som togs upp om sparsam körning som man mindes, men även miljöeffekter vid start och stillastående samt underhåll av bilen. Däremot mindes man mindre av de miljöfrågor som inte var direkt kopplade till körträning, och här kan en koppling göras till att detta även togs upp i mindre utsträckning i utbildningen. Både handledare och elever var positiva till att miljömomenten ingick i utbildningen. Majoriteten hade för avsikt att köra miljövänligt, men om detta beror på utbildningen eller på annan påverkan är svårt att uttala sig om. Någon förändring av handledarens körbeteende avseende sparsam körning med anledning av genomgången introduktionsutbildning kunde inte utläsas av intervjusvaren. Däremot ansåg både handledare och elev att de redan innan introduktionsutbildningen tog hänsyn till miljön genom val av andra transportmedel då sådana fanns att välja på.
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| 26. |
- Staveborg Kerkelä, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Individual experiences following a 6-month exercise intervention: A qualitative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Järfälla : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 10, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Dropout is a common problem in various exercise interventions. The individual’s experience is believed to greatly impact dropout, yet little is known about the individual experiences of taking part in exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to examine individuals’ experiences following a self-determination theory-based exercise intervention in order to gain understanding of how standardized interventions can be adjusted to fit individuals’ specific needs, capacities, and circumstances. Methods: A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was conducted with eight informants (three male and five female) aged between 26 and 47 years, whom all had participated in a 6-month exercise intervention with individual coaching based on self-determination theory and motivational interviewing. The interviews were analyzed thematically with an inductive approach. Results: Aspects that influenced the informants’ motivation and participation in the exercise intervention were linked to three themes: the frames of the intervention, measurable changes, and the individual’s context. The themes present information about the process and to what extent the informants felt that the intervention was adapted to fit their lives and needs. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of individualizing exercise interventions to support individuals’ diverse capacities and psychological needs.
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| 27. |
- Staveborg Kerkelä, Ellen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Individual experiences following a six month exercise intervention : a qualitative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Edinburgh 2015. ; , s. 399-399
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:Dropout is a common problem invarious exercise interventions. The individual ́s experience is believed to greatly impact dropout, yet little is known about the individual experiences of taking part in exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of participants’ personal experiences in relation to participating in an exercise intervention.Methods:A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was conducted with eight informants (malen= 3; femalen: 5) aged between 26 to 47 years, whom all had participated in a six month exercise intervention with individual coaching based on Self-Determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing. The interviews were analyzed thematically with an inductive approach.Results/findings:Aspects that influenced the informants’ participation, motivation and adherence to the exercise intervention could be linked to three themes: For the greater good, Self-awareness: knowing, and The individual’s context. In relation to the themes, it was discussed to what extent the informants felt that the intervention was adapted to fit their specific needs.Conclusions:This study highlights the importance of tailoring exercise interventions to better support the individuals’ specific needs.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Staveley, Thomas A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring seagrass fish assemblages in relation to the habitat patch mosaic in the brackish Baltic Sea
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marine Biodiversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-1616 .- 1867-1624. ; 50:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the influence of habitat patch dynamics on faunal communities is a growing area of interest within marine ecological studies. This study sets out to determine fish assemblage composition in Zostera marina (L.) meadows and ascertain how habitat structural complexity and seascape structure (i.e. composition and configuration of habitat patches) influenced these assemblages in the northern Baltic Sea. Using ten seascapes (600m in diameter), the fish assemblage was surveyed both in summer and autumn using beach seine. We found that the fish assemblage was clearly dominated by sticklebacks, followed by pipefish and with a general absence of larger piscivorous species. Biomass of fish did not differ between seasons, and low-level carnivores dominated the trophic structure. Overall, at the larger seascape-scale in summer, the proportion of bare soft sediment showed a negative relationship with fish biomass, while diversity of patches was found to exhibit a positive association with fish biomass. At the smaller habitat scale, both seagrass shoot height and density had a negative influence on fish biomass in both seasons. This study outlines new knowledge regarding how the mosaic of habitat patches shape seagrass fish assemblages in the northern Baltic Sea. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 30. |
- Staveley, Thomas A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Sea surface temperature dictates movement and habitat connectivity of Atlantic cod in a coastal fjord system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 9:16, s. 9076-9086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While movements of organisms have been studied across a myriad of environments, information is often lacking regarding spatio-seasonal patterning in complex temperate coastal systems. Highly mobile fish form an integral part of marine food webs providing linkages within and among habitats, between patches of habitats, and at different life stages. We investigated how movement, activity, and connectivity patterns of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are influenced by dynamic environmental conditions. Movement patterns of 39 juvenile and subadult Atlantic cod were assessed in two coastal sites in the Swedish Skagerrak for 5 months. We used passive acoustic telemetry and network analysis to assess seasonal and spatial movement patterns of cod and their relationships to different environmental factors, using statistical correlations, analysis of recurrent spatial motifs, and generalized linear mixed models. Temperature, in combination with physical barriers, precludes significant connectivity (complex motifs) within the system. Sea surface temperature had a strong influence on connectivity (node strength, degree, and motif frequency), where changes from warmer summer waters to colder winter waters significantly reduced movement activity of fish. As the seasons changed, movement of fish gradually decreased from large-scale (km) linkages in the summer to more localized movement patterns in the winter (limited to 100s m). Certain localized areas, however, were identified as important for connectivity throughout the whole study period, likely due to these multiple-habitat areas fulfilling functions required for foraging and shelter. This study provides new knowledge regarding inshore movement dynamics of juvenile and subadult Atlantic cod that use complex, coastal fjord systems. The findings show that connectivity, seasonal patterns in particular, should be carefully considered when selecting conservation areas to promote marine stewardship.
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