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- Hubers, Anna A M, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidal ideation in a European Huntington's disease population
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 151:1, s. 58-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate increased prevalences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide in Huntington's disease (HD) compared with the general population. This study investigates correlates and predictors of suicidal ideation in HD.METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 2106 HD mutation carriers, all participating in the REGISTRY study of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Of the 1937 participants without suicidal ideation at baseline, 945 had one or more follow-up measurements. Participants were assessed for suicidal ideation by the behavioural subscale of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Correlates of suicidal ideation were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and predictors were analyzed using Cox regression analysis.RESULTS: At baseline, 169 (8.0%) mutation carriers endorsed suicidal ideation. Disease duration (odds ratio [OR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-1.0), anxiety (OR=2.14; 95%CI: 1.4-3.3), aggression (OR=2.41; 95%CI: 1.5-3.8), a previous suicide attempt (OR=3.95; 95%CI: 2.4-6.6), and a depressed mood (OR=13.71; 95%CI: 6.7-28.0) were independently correlated to suicidal ideation at baseline. The 4-year cumulative incidence of suicidal ideation was 9.9%. Longitudinally, the presence of a depressed mood (hazard ratio [HR]=2.05; 95%CI: 1.1-4.0) and use of benzodiazepines (HR=2.44; 95%CI: 1.2-5.0) at baseline were independent predictors of incident suicidal ideation, whereas a previous suicide attempt was not predictive.LIMITATIONS: As suicidal ideation was assessed by only one item, and participants were a selection of all HD mutation carriers, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was likely underestimated.CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation in HD frequently occurs. Assessment of suicidal ideation is a priority in mutation carriers with a depressed mood and in those using benzodiazepines.
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- Nordström, Jonas, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Silica/alkali ratio dependence of the microscopic structure of sodium silicate solutions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-7103 .- 0021-9797. ; 397, s. 9-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkaline sodium silicate solutions with SiO2:Na2O molar ratios in the range 4-10 are known to be colloidaily unstable manifested in phase separation or gelation. The mechanistic understanding of this instability is generally poor. To improve this situation the microscopic structure of a series of solutions with ratios in the range 3.3-8.9 has been characterised using small-angle X-ray scattering, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and Si-29 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to cover the relevant length scales related to silica clusters, aggregates, and particles present. In the starting solution, with ratio 3.3, there are silica present in three fractions. The main part is present as small silica clusters with a radius of 0.7 nm. There are also a significant portion of monomers/small oligomeric silica species as well as a minute amount of larger colloidal silica particles. At a higher SiO2:Na2O ratio, above approximately 4, smaller spherical colloidal particles are formed due to condensation reactions. However, as a result of a too high ionic strength the suspension is not stable and the particles aggregate to fractal structures with a size that depends on ratio and ageing time. At the highest SiO2:Na2O ratio, fractals are not formed because of the lower ionic strength and the smaller colloidal particles are stable in the solution. By carefully adding small amounts of NaCl to the high ratio solution it is possible to induce gelation of the solution confirming the hypothesis that the instability region is due to too high electrolyte concentration for the silica species present under those conditions.
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- Sundblom, Andreas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Decoupling particle formation from intraparticle ordering in mesostructured silica colloids
- 2011
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811. ; 145:1-3, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A synthesis methodology that decouples the formation of silica particles from their internal mesoordering has been developed. This was possible by employing synthesis conditions that combine fast nucleation and growth of particles with slow silica condensation. The synthesis developed is based on an inorganic silica source and the nonionic block copolymer Pluronic P123 using a synthesis pH of 3 and conditions that result in a stable colloidal suspension. Using a two-step procedure the particles can be first formed and then triggered into developing an ordered internal mesostructure by subsequent addition of silica or Pluronic. This is possible because under the conditions employed the particles are stabilized by relatively weak interactions before the formation of a stable silica network. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Sundblom, Andreas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling in Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements Following the Formation of Mesostructured Silica
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:18, s. 7706-7713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new model for analyzing in situ small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of the formation of hexagonal ordered mesoporous silica has been developed. It employs a factorization of the scattering intensity into contributions from the form factor and the structure factor. The model can therefore be used for the entire synthesis from the first aggregation between the silica and surfactant to the formation of the final well-ordered material. It is shown that the model describes very well the experimental data from a synthesis of a material similar to SBA-15 where a nonionic surfactant is used as a structural directing agent for making mesoporous silica. The actual synthesis has been developed recently, and the main difference, as compared to the SBA-15 synthesis, is the synthesis pH of 2-3. This gives a comparably slow reaction rate and therefore better temporal resolution of the changes during the synthesis. The combination of the advanced model and the relatively slow synthesis means that the synthesis can be followed in greater detail than reported before. The results illustrate that the silica and the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) of the Pluronic interact at an early stage, forming cylindrical micelles. The increase in concentration of silica in the PEO region of the micelles can be followed, and it is determined how this affects the radii of both the core and the corona. The interaction then leads to the formation of larger aggregates of cylinders, and at this stage the hexagonal order also appears. The degree of order in the material can be followed in detail with the model, and it is shown that it increases rather slowly with time.
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| 8. |
- Sundblom, Andreas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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On the Formation Mechanism of Pluronic-Templated Mesostructured Silica
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:8, s. 3483-3492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of mesostructured silica formed at mildly acidic conditions using the nonionic surfactant Pluronic P123 has been studied with the aim of showing the importance of the degree of condensation of the silica source. The experimental investigation employed was ill situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with all advanced model. The results are further supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as silica source, using a two step procedure involving a prehydrolysis of the TEOS, so that the degree of condensation of the silica at the start of the reaction could be varied. The results obtained demonstrated that, by controlling the degree of condensation of the silica at the start of the synthesis, it is possible to control the formation rate and the degree of order of the final material. The findings are summarized in a formation mechanism comprising three steps: Entropy driven surfactant-silica attraction that results in Cylindrical silica containing micelles, particle formation induced by micelle-micelle association caused by the surfactant-silica interaction, and finally rearrangement of the internal particle structure into a hexagonal arrangement that also affects the morphology of the entire particle, creating elongated particles.
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| 9. |
- Sundblom, E., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Sweden including socioeconomic differences.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Childhood Obesity Prevention – International Research, Controversies and Interventions. Editors: O’Dea J and Eriksen M.. - Oxford Univesity Press.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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