| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(författare)
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Drug use disorder and risk of incident and fatal breast cancer : a nationwide epidemiological study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 186:1, s. 199-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer forms in women and it is often detected by screening. However, women with drug use disorders (DUD) are less likely to be reached by screening programs. In this study, we aimed to investigate breast cancer incidence, mortality and stage at time of diagnosis among women with DUD compared to the general female population in Sweden. Methods: We performed a follow-up study based on Swedish national register data for the period January 1997–December 2015. The study was based on 3,838,248 women aged 15–75 years, of whom 50,858 were registered with DUD. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident and fatal breast cancer, and cancer stage at time of diagnosis, were calculated for women with and without DUD using Cox regression analysis. Results: DUD was associated with incident breast cancer (HR 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.14, p = 0.0069), fatal breast cancer (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.42–1.82, p < 0.001), and stage IV breast cancer, i.e. metastasis at diagnosis (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.44–2.95, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Women with DUD were identified as a risk group for incident, fatal and metastasized breast cancer, which calls for attention from clinicians and policy makers. Cancer screening attendance and other healthcare seeking barriers are likely to affect the risk increase among women who use drugs; however, more research is needed on the underlying mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(författare)
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Female Swedish backpackers in Vietnam: A hypotheses generating study on sexual health risks while travelling.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-0442 .- 1477-8939. ; 11:4, s. 243-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: According to previous studies, foreign travellers and backpackers are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Concurrently, STI incidence, especially Chlamydia, is increasing among young Swedes. Our objective was to investigate Swedish backpackers' own view of sexual health and risks while travelling, with the purpose to identify hypotheses for further, more extensive research. METHOD: In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out in Vietnam with four Swedish women in their early twenties. The interviewees had been travelling throughout South East Asia for a period of at least two weeks. RESULTS: There were large differences between the respondents regarding perceived health risks in relation to food safety, STI, and alcohol and drug use; and to what extent their behaviour while travelling deviated from their normal one. In contrast, the interviewees shared a perceived lack of knowledge about sexual health abroad. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified six hypotheses and suggestions for preventive measures that could be analysed in future research. The study demonstrated that sexual behaviour as well as attitudes and norms were strongly linked to the individual level, rather than to the group of backpackers.
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| 4. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(författare)
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Health Literacy among Swedish Patients in Opioid Substitution Treatment : A Mixed-Methods Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716. ; 214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Poor health and unmet healthcare needs is common among people with substance use disorder (SUD) including patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST). Low health literacy (HL) is associated with poverty, low education and physical limitations, but is unexplored in an OST context. Methods: Mixed-methods were used. Participants were consecutively recruited by clinic staff or researcher, from five OST clinics in Malmö, Sweden, during September – November 2019. HL level was measured through HLS-EU-Q16 (n?=?286). Self-reported socioeconomic correlates of HL were analyzed through logistic regression. Patients’ experiences of HL-related problems were assessed through six focus group interviews (n?=?23) moderated by an OST employee. Results: While 46% had sufficient HL (13–16 points of maximum 16), 32% did not receive a HL score due to too many missing answers. No correlates of sufficient HL level were found. Missing HL level was associated with low educational attainment (Ajusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.94; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.13–3.32) and negatively associated with employment (AOR 0.28; 95% CI 0.11–0.71). Qualitative data revealed a diversity in participants’ self-assessed capabilities, and problems associated with access, comprehension, trust and dependency on addiction-specific services. Conclusions: This study highlights that HL level is low, and identifies a number of concrete problems related to HL in the studied population. The results implicate a need for tailored interventions regarding health information among OST patients.
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| 5. |
- Gudmunds, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Functional genomic tools for emerging model species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:12, s. 1104-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies in the field of ecology and evolution aiming to connect genotype to phenotype rarely validate identified loci using functional tools. Recent developments in RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas genome editing have dramatically increased the feasibility of functional validation. However, these methods come with specific challenges when applied to emerging model organisms, including limited spatial control of gene silencing, low knock-in efficiencies, and low throughput of functional validation. Moreover, many functional studies to date do not recapitulate ecologically relevant variation, and this limits their scope for deeper insights into evolutionary processes. We therefore argue that increased use of gene editing by allelic replacement through homology-directed repair (HDR) would greatly benefit the field of ecology and evolution.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Calcium, Citrate, and Urea on the Stability of Ultra-High Temperature Treated Milk: A Full Factorial Designed Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Foods. - : MDPI AG. - 2304-8158. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition of raw milk is important for the stability of dairy products with a long shelf-life. Based on known historical changes in raw milk composition, the aim of this study was to get a better understanding of how possible future variations in milk composition may affect the stability of dairy products. The effects of elevated calcium, citrate, and urea levels on the stability of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk stored for 52 weeks at 4, 20, 30, and 37 degrees C were investigated by a two-level full factorial designed study with fat separation, fat adhesion, sedimentation, color, pH, ethanol stability, and heat coagulation time as response variables. The results showed that elevated level of calcium lowered the pH, resulting in sedimentation and significantly decreased stability. Elevated level of citrate was associated with color, but the stability was not improved compared to the reference UHT milk. Elevated levels of urea or interaction terms had little effect on the stability of UHT milk. Storage conditions significantly affected the stability. In conclusion, to continue produce dairy products with high stability, the dairy industry should make sure the calcium content of raw milk is not too high and that storage of the final product is appropriate.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Issues in the Management of Archaeological Heritage in Sāmoa
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of Samoan Studies. - Apia Samoa : The Centre for Samoan Studies. - 1813-2324. ; 5, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sāmoa was the first nation in the Pacific to gain independence yet it does not have in place legislation to protect its archaeological and historic heritage. This paper examines issues of custom, history, law and land tenure in Sāmoa that may have impeded the formulation of policies. It reviews the way in which these issues have been accommodated in the policy, legislation and implementation of archaeological heritage protection in several of Sāmoa’s Pacific neighbours. It suggests that there may be some useful lessons in these examples for planning future heritage policy and legislation for Sāmoa.
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| 10. |
- Admyre, Charlotte
(författare)
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Exosomes in immune regulation and allergy
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles of endosomal origin which are secreted from several different cell types. Depending on their cellular source they have been suggested to have different functions, like having a role in antigen delivery and T cell activation (antigen presenting cell-derived exosomes) or a role in tolerance induction (epithelial cell-derived exosomes). In addition, exosomes have shown potential to be used in immunotherapy both against infections and cancer. This thesis aimed at elucidating the presence of exosomes in vivo, develop methods to asses their function as immune regulators and to investigate if they may have a role in inflammatory responses such as allergies. A lot of investigations have been published on exosomes derived from in vitro culture supernatants but very few studies have been performed showing the presence of exosomes in vivo. Since the lung contain many antigen presenting cells (APCs) and is a site of antigen entry we hypothesized thatbronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) might contain exosomes. By flow cytometry analysis and immune electron microscopy we describe the novel finding of exosomes in BALF. These exosomes expressed the antigen presenting molecules MHC class I and II, the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 and the tetraspanin protein CD63, suggesting them to be of APC origin, and to have a role in the immune defense of the lung. Exosomes from APCs have been proposed to have a role in T cell activation. However, there are contradictory data on how this activation is achieved; i.e. if exosomes can directly activate T cells or if they exert their effect via APCs. We show that dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes loaded with viral peptides can activate human autologous peripheral CD8+ T cells to produce IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha without the addition of APCs by using the sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. This stimulation was more efficient when using exosomes from mature DCs and was dependent of exosomal MHC class I. These data suggest that DC-derived exosomes may have a role in T cell activation during an immune response and show that the ELISPOT assay is a suitable method to use for evaluating exosome induced immune responses. Breast milk is a complex liquid with immune competent cells and soluble proteins that provide immunity to the infant and affect the maturation of the infant s immune system. We further demonstrate the presence of exosomes in vivo with the finding that exosomes expressing molecules such as MHC, CD63, CD81, CD86, MUC-1 and heat shock proteins are present in human breast milk. These exosomes inhibited anti-CD3 induced cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Furthermore, PBMC incubated with milk-derived exosomes showed a higher number of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Our results show that human breast milk contains exosomes with the capacity to influence immune responses, and this suggests that they might influence the development of the infant immune system. Since both we and others have shown that exosomes from APCs can have a function in T cell activation, we wanted to further investigate if APC-derived exosomes could have a role in activation of allergen specific T cells. We demonstrate that B cell-derived exosomes loaded with peptides from the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 can activate Bet v 1 specific T cells to both proliferate and produce the Th2-like cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner. This finding suggests that APCderived exosomes may have a role in activation of T-cells during allergic immune responses. In conclusion, the work presented in this thesis has increased our knowledge of the presence, phenotype and function of exosomes found in vivo. Furthermore, it sheds light on the function of APCderived exosomes in T cell stimulations with the implication of a possible role in allergic responses.
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| 11. |
- Albinsson, Staffan, 1951
(författare)
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Denna kinkiga och ominösa befattning! : Skalden Bernhard von Beskow som chef för Kongl. Theatern 1831 – 1832, en studie i ett misslyckat entreprenörskap
- 2018
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Ingår i: konferenspresentaton vid Musikforskning i dag, Uppsala 13–15 juni 2018..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skriftställaren Bernhard von Beskow (1796 – 1868) tillträdde den 1 februari 1831 tjänsten som förste direktör för Kongl. Theatern. Han var vid tillträdet redan en uppburen kulturprofil och skulle bli det i än högre grad, som mångårig ständig sekreterare i Svenska Akademien, efter perioden som teaterdirektör. Ett år in på sitt ämbete drabbades Beskow av sjukdom – sannolikt det vi idag kallar utmattningssyndrom. Han begärde sig tjänstledig under våren 1832 och beviljades entledigande från 25 juni 1832. Nils Personnes slutsats var att ”Beskow hade fått nog af teaterintriger, tidningsgnat och motigheter af alla slag”. Mina forskningsfrågor är: • Vad var det som hände på teatern? • Varför blev Beskow så kortvarig? • Vi vet från August Blanche att ”fan må vara teaterdirektör”. Var Beskow inte nog diabolisk? • I vad bestod motståndet och kritiken? • Hur tacklade Beskow sitt misslyckande?
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| 12. |
- Albinsson, Staffan, 1951
(författare)
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Early Music Copyrights - did they matter for Beethoven and Schumann?
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music. - 0351-5796. ; 43:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general legal and business conditions pertaining to the music publishing business improved considerably in the 50 years between the 1790s, when Beethoven started his career, and the 1840s, when Schumann was at his professional peak. The paradigm shift in politics, economics and music at the end of the eighteenth century made it possible for Schumann to make a living predominantly from what he earned from publishers' fees. Publishers united to participate in the creation of stronger copyright laws. They could depend on legal protection against reprinters and thus it was possible for them to offer higher fees than previously.
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| 13. |
- Almqvist, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Scanning probe microscopy and thermo-mechanical characterization of silicon carbide composites
- 1995
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Ingår i: Fourth Euro-Ceramics. - : Gruppo Ed. Faenza Ed.. - 8881380072 ; , s. 361-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- series of SiC-based composites was obtained by sintering. Since such materials are considered for fusion applications, their thermal shock resistance and behaviour under deuterium irradiation are of primary interest. Extensive bulk and surface characterisation of pure and doped (AlN, TiB2, graphite) silicon carbides treated by a deuterium plasma was carried out. The change in surface structure following irradiation is addressed, and major factors influencing deuterium retention are discussed.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Galbe, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A review of the production of ethanol from softwood
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0614 .- 0175-7598. ; 59:6, s. 618-628
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethanol produced from various lignocellulosic materials such as wood, agricultural and forest residues has the potential to be a valuable substitute for, or complement to, gasoline. One of the major resources in the Northern hemisphere is softwood. This paper reviews the current status of the technology for ethanol production from softwood, with focus on hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis, which is the major problem in the overall process. Other issues of importance, e.g. overall process configurations and process economics are also considered.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gunn, Maja
(författare)
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Exclude Me In
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Queerkarneval i samarbete med MYCKET och New Beauty Council. Del av Göteborgs International Biennal for Contemporary Art GIBCAPerformance på offentlig plats i Göteborgs stad (Esperantoplatsen till klubben Nefertiti). Utställning på Göteborgs Konsthall.
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| 18. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A control handling comfort model based on fuzzy logics
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 31:2, s. 87-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The car interior is a complex man–machine interface. Poor interior design contributes to traffic accidents as well as discomfort and disorders in professional and long distance drivers. When buying a car comfort is for many customers an important factor. Consequently, car interior comfort besides safety is of great importance when designing cars. Comfort is a subjective feeling and hard to model mathematically. The aim of this paper is to show the feasibility with fuzzy logics to model relations between human perception, human characteristics and workplace structure. A model where drivers’ perceived comfort when handling interior controls is in relation to anthropometrics and control positions are used as illustration. A series of control reach studies in simulated car driving was used for the development of a comfort model. Combined with a human simulation program the comfort model may be used by car designers at an early stage of the design process for evaluation of design concepts aiming at reachable and manageable controls in a safe and comfortable interior. The comfort model illustrates that fuzzy logics provides a constructive way of turning qualities into mathematics.Relevance to industry: Fuzzy logics provide the opportunity to model physical parameters from the human and the technical system together with human perceptions. Such model can be combined for instance with human simulation tool and reduce ergonomic tests in real physical environments.
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| 19. |
- Heremans, R., et al.
(författare)
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Imaging in gynecological disease (24) : clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian mature cystic teratomas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 60:4, s. 549-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe the clinical and ultrasound features of ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCTs). Methods: This was a retrospective study. From the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) database, we identified patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MCT who had undergone transvaginal ultrasound examination between 1999 and 2016 (IOTA phases 1, 2, 3 and 5) in one of five centers. Ultrasound was performed by an experienced examiner who used the standardized IOTA examination technique and terminology. In addition to extracting data from the IOTA database, available two-dimensional grayscale and color or power Doppler images were reviewed retrospectively to identify typical ultrasound features of MCT described previously and detect possible new features using pattern recognition. All images were reviewed by two independent examiners and further discussed with two ultrasound experts to reach consensus. Results: Included in the study were 454 patients with histologically confirmed MCT. Median age was 33 (range, 8–90) years and 66 (14.5%) patients were postmenopausal. Most MCTs were described by the original ultrasound examiner as unilocular (262/454 (57.7%)) or multilocular (70/454 (15.4%)) cysts with mixed echogenicity of cystic fluid (368/454 (81.1%)), acoustic shadowing (328/454 (72.2%)) and no or little vascularization on color Doppler (color score 1, 240/454 (52.9%); color score 2, 123/454 (27.1%)). The median largest lesion diameter was 66 (range, 15–310) mm. A correct preoperative diagnosis of MCT was suggested by the original ultrasound examiner in 372/454 (81.9%) cases. On retrospective review of ultrasound images of 334 MCTs that had quality sufficient for assessment, ‘dots and/or lines’ and/or ‘echogenic white ball’ (typical features according to the literature) were present in 271/334 (81.1%) masses. We identified four new ultrasound features characteristic of MCT: ‘cotton wool tufts’, ‘mushroom cap sign’, ‘completely hyperechogenic lesion’ and ‘starry sky sign’. At least one classical or novel ultrasound feature was present in 315/334 (94.3%) MCTs. Twenty-nine (8.7%) MCTs manifested vascularized solid tissue, of which seven exhibited no typical features. Conclusion: We provide a comprehensive overview of conventional and newly described ultrasound features of MCTs. Only a small proportion of MCTs did not manifest any of the typical features.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Jönsson, Bo A, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrolidone and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide in human urine
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography. B. - 1387-2273. ; 694:2, s. 351-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrolidone and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide in urine is described. These compounds are metabolites of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a powerful and widely used organic solvent. 5-Hydroxy-N-methylpyrrolidone and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide were purified from urine by adsorption to a C8 solid-phase extraction column and then elution by ethyl acetate-methanol (80:20). After evaporation, the samples were derivatised at 100 degrees C for 1 h by bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. Ethyl acetate was then added and the samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron impact mode. The extraction recovery for 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrolidone was about 80% while that for 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide was about 30%. The intra-day precision for 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyrrolidone was 2-4% and the between-day precision 4-21% (4 and 60 microg/ml). The intra-day precision for 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide was 4-8% and the between-day precision 6-7% (2 and 20 microg/ml). The detection limit was 0.2 microg/ml urine for both compounds. The method is applicable for analysis of urine samples from workers exposed to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Dose integration characteristics in normoxic polymer gel dosimetry investigated using sequential beam irradiation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 52:15, s. 4697-4706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dose integration properties were investigated for normoxic polymer gels based on methacrylic acid (nMAG) and acrylamide/ N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (nPAG). The effect of sequential irradiation was studied for different fractionation schemes and varying amounts of methacrylic acid for the nMAG gels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for read out of the absorbed dose response. The investigated gels exhibited a dependence on the fractionation scheme. The response when the total dose was divided into fractions of 0.5 Gy was compared with the response when the total dose was delivered in a single fraction. The slope of the R2 versus the absorbed dose response decreased when the absorbed dose per fraction was increased. Also, for higher amounts of methacrylic acid in the nMAG system the difference in the response increased. For gels containing 2, 4, 6 and 8% methacrylic acid, the R2 versus the absorbed dose response increased by 35, 37, 63 and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of the fractionation was larger when a higher total absorbed dose was given. The effect was less pronounced for the investigated nPAG, containing 3% acrylamide and 3% N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, than for the nMAG systems. Consequently, this study indicates that the nPAG system has preferable beam integration characteristics compared with the nMAG system.
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| 23. |
- Korompokis, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of liquid preloads varying in macronutrient content on postprandial kinetics of amino acids relative to appetite in healthy adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663. ; 107, s. 511-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The underlying mechanisms for the effect of proteins on appetite regulation, especially in presence of variable macronutrient composition, are not fully elucidated. The present study investigated the absorption kinetics of proteins after co-ingestion with the other macronutrients and examined the impact of circulating amino acids on appetite and satiety-related gut hormones. A randomized, within-subjects, 2-level full factorial design was implemented, where thirty six healthy subjects consumed seven preloads with similar energy density (3.1 kJ/g) and volume (670 mL) but with varying macronutrient content. The energy from protein (%) and the CHO:fat ratio were the two factors combined in three levels of 9, 24, 40 and 0.4, 2, 3.6 respectively. Blood and appetite parameters were evaluated until the serving of the ad libitum lunch after 210 min and the amino acid concentrations were measured in a subgroup of seven male subjects. The amino acid concentrations peaked at 90 min after all preloads and returned to the baseline values until 210 min. Protein intake affected amino acid profiles (P < 0.05), while no differences (P > 0.05) were detected between the two high protein preloads despite the different CHO:fat ratio (40%/0.4 CHO:fat and 40%/3.6 CHO:fat), indicating that neither carbohydrate nor fat influenced the profiles. Most of the amino acids were not related to appetite sensations or gut hormones (P > 0.05), while glutamate was positively associated with prospective consumption and inversely related to ghrelin (P < 0.05). Valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine and α-aminobutyric acid were inversely associated with energy intake (P < 0.05). Overall, postprandial amino acid profiles were solely affected by protein content and were not consistently related to appetite regulation. Further investigation of glutamate's effect on appetite is needed.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lárusdóttir, Marta K., et al.
(författare)
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Informal feedback rather than performance measurements : user-centred evaluation in Scrum projects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Behavior and Information Technology. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 33:11, s. 1118-1135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main features of the Scrum process are intense communication between different stakeholders, and rapid feedback based on regular delivery of working software. The integration of traditional user-centred evaluation activities in this context is challenging. Hence, this paper presents an interview study of 21 informants, categorised in four different professional roles. The main contribution of the paper is an overview of the types of user-centred evaluation conducted by information technology professionals in various Scrum projects. Results show that various forms of feedback are indeed gathered on the usability and user experience of the software, system or service being developed. However, the user-centred evaluations conducted typically are informal with few users, gathering empirical qualitative data and performed during short unplanned sessions. Performance measurements gathering quantitative data are seldom used. The informants in the business specialist role merely ask users about their opinion, whereas the other roles use several user-centred evaluation activities to gather feedback on their design. Generally, feedback is gathered throughout the whole project, but often evaluation is conducted early in the project or even before the actual development starts. Finally, these results are discussed in relation to previous studies in the area.
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| 26. |
- Lin, Weihua, et al.
(författare)
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Combining two-photon photoemission and transient absorption spectroscopy to resolve hot carrier cooling in 2D perovskite single crystals : the effect of surface layer
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 10:44, s. 16751-16760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate hot carrier (HC) cooling in two-dimensional (2D) perovskite single crystals by applying two complementary ultrafast spectroscopy techniques - transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) spectroscopies. TR-2PPE directly maps the hot electron distribution and its dynamics in the conduction band to the detected photoelectron distribution. While TR-2PPE selectively probes the upper layer of the material, TA provides information on the whole bulk. Two cooling regimes are resolved in both techniques. The fast timescale of 100-200 fs is related to the electron scattering by longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and the slow timescale of 3-4 ps corresponds to the LO phonon relaxation. The HC cooling dynamic of TA measurement has faster initial stage and higher starting temperature for the slower stage than in TR-2PPE measurements. Conclusions about spatial sensitivity of the cooling dynamics across the 2D perovskite single crystals constitute valuable information that can guide the future development of HC solar cells and thermoelectric applications based on 2D perovskites.
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| 27. |
- Lin, Wamei, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison and Analysis of Heat Transfer in Aluminum Foam Using Local Thermal Equilibrium or Nonequilibrium Model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Heat Transfer Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-0537 .- 0145-7632. ; 37:3-4, s. 314-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aluminum foams are favorable in modern thermal engineering applications because of the high thermal conductivity and the large specific surface area. The present study aims to investigate an application of porous aluminum foam by using the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) heat transfer models. Three-dimensional simulations of laminar flow (porous foam zone), turbulent flow (open zone), and heat transfer are performed by a computational fluid dynamics approach. In addition, the Forchheimer extended Darcy's law is employed to evaluate the fluid characteristics. By comparing and analyzing the average and local Nusselt numbers, it is found that the LTNE and LTE models can reach the same Nusselt numbers inside the aluminum foam when the air velocity is high, meaning that the aluminum foam is in a thermal equilibrium state. Besides, a high interfacial heat transfer coefficient is required for the aluminum foam to reach a thermal equilibrium state as the height of the aluminum foam is reduced. This study suggests that the LTE model can be applied to predict the thermal performance at high fluid velocities or for the case with a large height.
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| 28. |
- Lundberg, Urban, 1971-
(författare)
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Röda linjer kommer dras sparsamt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Respons : recensionstidskrift för humaniora & samhällsvetenskap. - 2001-2292. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 29. |
- Lundegård, Iann, et al.
(författare)
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Conflicts of interest : an indispensable element of education for sustainable development
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Education Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4622 .- 1469-5871. ; 13:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A central concept introduced in the Nordic debate on sustainable development is 'action competence'. The concept has been defined as a competence of learners, i.e. the ability to take into consideration the social factors and human conflicts of interest that lies behind environmental questions and sustainable development. The concern of this article is the role of such conflicts for making meaning in relation to sustainable development. With this aim, we analyze a series of interviews with seven high school students. Our analysis takes its point of departure in the works of Dewey and Wittgenstein. It shows that the dialogue partners in this study continuously put one another in the position of having to make communicative choices in the dialogue. Moreover, the choices facing these dialogue partners can be translated into human conflicts of interest of a broader kind. A conclusion we draw from our work is that value judgments dealing with human conflicts of interest are a foundation upon which the dialogue on sustainable development is constructed, and that they seem to be a prerequisite if the dialogue is not to come to a standstill. We discuss the consequences of this finding for education for sustainable development.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lönngren, Johanna, Docent, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning for an unknown future : emotional positioning in and for expansive learning
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE: We live in troubled times. Faced with increasingly serious and urgent, wicked sustainability challenges (Lönngren & van Poeck, 2021; United Nations, 2015), such as climate change, pandemics, and violent conflict , more and more people experience anxiety, hopelessness, and worries about the future (Barrineau et al., 2022; Ojala et al., 2021; Pihkala, 2020). The United Nations’ Agenda 2030 with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; United Nations, 2015) may offer a comforting illusion of a yellow brick road to a known and livable future. Yet, complex systems studies have shown that the future is not only unknown but ultimately unknowable (Dewulf & Biesbroek, 2018; Funtowicz & Ravetz, 1993). In light of such radical uncertainty, Barrineau et al. (2022) argued that environmental and sustainability education (ESE) is not only about “promoting [pre-defined] skills and competencies in sustainability education with which to equip students to tackle sustainability challenges” (p.3) since we do not know yet what competencies they will need. The only thing we know for certain is that future generations will need to develop knowledge, skills, and practices that are different from those we know today, that is, those that have given rise to our current predicaments. In other words, students need to “learn something that is not yet there” (Engeström & Sannino, 2010, p. 2).In recent years, a range of educational theories and concepts that touch upon this type of learning have increased in popularity. For example, Engeström et al. (Engeström et al., 2022; Engeström & Sannino, 2010) have drawn on cultural historical activity theory to examine expansive learningprocesses that allow learners to develop “expanded pattern[s] of activity, corresponding theoretical concept[s], and new types of agency” (Engeström & Sannino, 2010, p. 7). Similarly, Barrineau et al. (2022) have described emergentist education as a form of teaching and learning that engages with “the possibilities of the not-yet-imagined” (p.2). Others have described related theories, such as transformative and transgressive social learning as crucially important in ESE (Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2015).These and other traditions of transformative and expansive learning theories have in common that they attend to the role of social interaction for learning, stressing that learning always takes place in social contexts (Lenglet, 2022; Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2015; Van Poeck et al., 2020). Another common thread through many approaches is an attention to spirituality, affect, and/or emotions (Hoggan, 2016; Lenglet, 2022; Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2015). For example, Hoggan (2016) argued that learners must be “emotionally capable of change” (p. 61), pay attention to emotional experiences, and learn to utilize emotional ways of knowing. Similarly, Östman et al. (2019) have used pragmatist theories to argue that strong embodied experiences can trigger transformative learning. This intersection between expansive learning, social interaction, and emotions is the focus of our contribution.The aim of our study is to explore how expansive learning can manifest in and through emotional interaction when student groups engage with wicked sustainability challenges. To do so, we draw on positioning theory as a theoretical tool that allows us to study emotions as a form of social interaction (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999) rather than something individuals have and experience. More specifically, we explore processes of emotional positioning (Lönngren et al., 2021; Lönngren & Berge, forthcoming), analyzing how students use emotions discursively to position themselves – and each other – in relation to their (expansive) learning and (future) agency to work for sustainable and desired futures.METHODS: Emotions can be expressed through a wide range of modalities (e.g., speech, gestures, facial expressions, intonation, bodily positions). Therefore, multimodal approaches are particularly suitable for studying how emotions are expressed and used in social interaction (Goodwin et al., 2012; Hufnagel & Kelly, 2018; Lönngren & Berge, forthcoming). For this study, we video-recorded group work conducted by four groups of engineering students. The group work sessions took place during two sustainability courses for engineering students at two Swedish universities and they were part of the students’ regular course work. No researchers were present during the sessions, but teachers entered each room occasionally to check on the groups’ progress. In total, we recorded approximately 70 hours of video data. To analyze the data, we first watched all recordings (~70h) to familiarize ourselves with the data. Thereafter, we formulated sensitizing concepts (consensus/dissensus, convergence/divergence, comfort/vulnerability, intensity, and social positions) to narrow our focus on situations in which we could study emotional positioning and/or expansive learning processes. The sensitizing concepts allowed us to select a smaller number of excerpts for in-depth analysis. For each excerpt, we then developed narrative descriptions of any processes of expansivity and expansive learning we could observe. Finally, we applied the analytic tools of positioning theory to make sense of the ways in which students used emotions discursively while engaging (or not) in expansive learning.PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings point to multiple ways in which emotional positioning could facilitate expansive learning during group engagement with wicked challenges. For example, when students suggested norm-breaking methods or solution approaches, other students could validate those ideas by listening attentively and expressing excitement. By validating unconventional ideas, the students also positioned themselves and each other as expansive learners with rights and duties to reach beyond known approaches and solutions. In other excerpts, we observed high levels of emotional congruence between the group members. When one student laughed, others would often join in. In other instances, students would fall silent simultaneously, much like a general pause in an orchestra concert. By enacting these and other forms of emotional congruence, the students could co-construct their group as a team – working together, building on each other’s ideas, and taking collective responsibility for any outcomes they produced. Thus, they also constructed a shared safety-net, reducing perceived risks associated with expansive learning: If the outcomes of their work had turned out to be flawed or ridiculed by others, they could have shared the burden of the perceived (!) failure and helped each other focus on the exceptional learning they had achieved. These findings demonstrate how students could use emotions discursively to position themselves and each other as (a) students who can and should engage in expansive learning, and (b) sustainability agents who can and should contribute to developing innovative solutions to wicked issues. The findings also show how emotions expressed in interaction can have profound impacts on learning, which further stresses the importance of more ESE research on emotions in and as social interaction. A better understanding of emotional interaction in ESE would also support educators in developing teaching and learning environments conducive to expansive learning.
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| 32. |
- Löthman, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Defects in the d+id-wave superconducting state in heavily doped graphene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A chiral time-reversal symmetry breaking d+id-wave superconducting state is likely to emerge in graphene doped close to the Van Hove singularity. As heavy doping procedures are expected to introduce defects, we investigate here the effects of microscopic defects on the d+id-wave superconducting state at the Van Hove singularity. We find that, while the superconducting order is reduced near a defect, the d+id-wave state remains intact and recovers in an exponential manner away from the defect. The recovery length is found to be on the order of one lattice constant for weak couplings, and, as we show, this is comparable to the recovery length of a conventional s-wave state on the graphene honeycomb lattice, thereby demonstrating that the unconventional d+id-wave state is quite resilient to defects. Moreover, we find no significant changes between a single site defect and more extended defects, such as a bivacancy. While the d+id-wave state is fully gapped, we also show that defects introduce localized midgap states with nonzero energies, which should be accessible via scanning probe experiments.
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| 33. |
- Magnusson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon reactions at sintering of chromium alloyed PM steels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings Euro PM 2015. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072477
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon has a strong influence on oxide stability. It assists the sintering process by the reduction of oxides on the surface of the powder. Carbon as a small interstitial atom has also a high mobility and can easily diffuse in the material already at relatively low temperature. Due to its high mobility and its influence on oxide reduction it is of interest to predict how carbon is distributed in the sintered body. The carbon distribution in the microstructure will also determine the mechanical properties of the sintered product. Sintering trials have been made for water atomised powder pre-Alloyed with 3wt% chromium and 0.5wt% Mo. These experimental simulations have been made in different N2/H2 atmospheres. The surface reactions during sintering are monitored using photoacoustic spectroscopy, measuring the outgoing gases from the furnace. Computational methods using Thermo-Calc are used to verify the gas reactions taking place in the furnace. By applying kinetic simulations with the Dictra software the carbon diffusion can be modelled for the sintering trials. The computational methods describe the experimentally observed reactions, and contribute to a better understanding of the reduction process.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Morris, Arthur S., et al.
(författare)
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Andreev reflection in Euler materials
- 2024
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 26:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many previous studies of Andreev reflection have demonstrated that unusual effects can occur in media which have a nontrivial bulk topology. Following this line of investigation, we study Andreev reflection by analysing a simple model of a bulk node with a generic winding number n > 0, where the even cases directly relate to topological Euler materials. We find that the magnitudes of the resultant reflection coefficients depend strongly on whether the winding is even or odd. Moreover this parity dependence is reflected in the differential conductance curves, which are highly suppressed for n even but not n odd. This gives a possible route through which the recently discovered Euler topology could be probed experimentally.
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| 36. |
- Morris, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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The development of a European fatal accident database
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 15:2, s. 201-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lack of representative European accident data to aid the development of safety policy, regulation and technological advancement is a major obstacle in the European Union. Data are needed to assess the performance of road and vehicle safety and also to support the development of further actions by stakeholders. A recent analysis conducted by the European Transport Safety Council identified that there was no single system in place that could meet all of the needs and that there were major gaps including in-depth crash causation information. This paper describes the process of developing a data collection and analysis system designed to partly fill these gaps. A project team with members from seven countries was set up to devise appropriate variable lists to collect fatal crash data, using retrospective detailed police reports (n = 1300), under the following topic levels: accident, road environment, vehicle and road user. The typical level of detail recorded was a minimum of 150 variables for each accident. The project will enable multidisciplinary information on the circumstances of fatal crashes to be interpreted to provide information on a range of causal factors and events surrounding the collisions. This has major applications in the areas of active safety systems, infrastructure and road safety, as well as for tailoring behavioural interventions.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Rashkovska, A., et al.
(författare)
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Medical-grade ECG sensor for long-term monitoring
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 20:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent trend in electrocardiogram (ECG) device development is towards wireless body sensors applied for patient monitoring. The ultimate goal is to develop a multi-functional body sensor that will provide synchronized vital bio-signs of the monitored user. In this paper, we present an ECG sensor for long-term monitoring, which measures the surface potential difference between proximal electrodes near the heart, called differential ECG lead or differential lead, in short. The sensor has been certified as a class IIa medical device and is available on the market under the trademark Savvy ECG. An improvement from the user’s perspective—immediate access to the measured data—is also implemented into the design. With appropriate placement of the device on the chest, a very clear distinction of all electrocardiographic waves can be achieved, allowing for ECG recording of high quality, sufficient for medical analysis. Experimental results that elucidate the measurements from a differential lead regarding sensors’ position, the impact of artifacts, and potential diagnostic value, are shown. We demonstrate the sensors’ potential by presenting results from its various areas of application: medicine, sports, veterinary, and some new fields of investigation, like hearth rate variability biofeedback assessment and biometric authentication.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Renström, Roger
(författare)
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Energy Efficient Wood Fuel Drying
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With reference to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, biofuel is pointed out as an important substitute for fossil fuels. The Swedish Government favours the use of biofuel by imposing taxes on fossil fuels. However, biofuel is a limited resource and it is therefore important that we develop efficient systems for the production and utilization of this limited resource. This thesis is based on six papers out of which five are experimental and treats the drying of wood in spouted bed co-generation dryers. The sixth paper deals with the integration of a co-generation dryer into the energy system of a sawmill.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Renström, Roger, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy performance of an industrial superheated steam heat pump flash dryer for drying of bio-fuel
- 2018
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Ingår i: IDS'2018. - Valencia : University Politecnica Valencia. - 9788490486887 ; , s. 1495-1502
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drying is an energy demanding industrial process and methods for reducing the energy consumption of drying is of interest to industry as well as society. This article presents the drying system of a biofuel factory. Steam is used as the refrigerant. Superheated steam is used as drying gas in a flash dryer with 28.8 tons/h dewatering capacity. The system includes an energy recovering water heat pump that receives its heat from the excess drying steam and heats the dryer. The SMER of the drying process ranges between 3 and 4 and the COP of the heat pump process ranges between 4 and 5.5 during one production season of peat drying. Variations in performance can be explained by variations in inlet moisture content and production rate. The example of this drying system shows the feasibility of drying in superheated steam, heat pump drying and water as refrigerant in high-temperature heat pumps.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Skog, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Aetiology of type 1 diabetes: Physiological growth in children affects disease progression
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 20:4, s. 775-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevailing view is that type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops as a consequence of a severe decline in beta-cell mass resulting from T-cell-mediated autoimmunity; however, progression from islet autoantibody seroconversion to overt diabetes and finally to total loss of C-peptide production occurs in most affected individuals only slowly over many years or even decades. This slow disease progression should be viewed in relation to the total beta-cell mass of only 0.2 to 1.5 g in adults without diabetes. Focal lesions of acute pancreatitis with accumulation of leukocytes, often located around the ducts, are frequently observed in people with recent-onset T1D, and most patients display extensive periductal fibrosis, the end stage of inflammation. An injurious inflammatory adverse event, occurring within the periductal area, may have negative implications for islet neogenesis, dependent on stem cells residing within or adjacent to the ductal epithelium. This could in part prevent the 30-fold increase in beta-cell mass that would normally occur during the first 20 years of life. This increase occurs in order to maintain glucose metabolism during the physiological increases in insulin production that are required to balance the 20-fold increase in body weight during childhood and increased insulin resistance during puberty. Failure to expand beta-cell mass during childhood would lead to clinically overt T1D and could help to explain the apparently more aggressive form of T1D occurring in growing children when compared with that observed in affected adults.
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| 46. |
- Skog, Oskar, 1981-
(författare)
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Effects of Enterovirus Infection on Innate Immunity and Beta Cell Function in Human Islets of Langerhans
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on enteroviral effects on human pancreatic islets. Most knowledge of viral effects on host cells relies on studies of immortalized cell lines or animal models. The islets represent a fundamentally different and less well studied cellular host. Also, enterovirus has been implicated in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We show that when enterovirus replicates in human islets it activates innate immunity genes and induces secretion of the chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10. An important difference in activation of innate immunity by replicating EV and synthetic dsRNA is suggested, since the chemokine secretion induced by EV infection but not by dsRNA is reduced by female sex hormone. We also demonstrate a direct antiviral effect of nicotinamide, and even though this substance failed to prevent T1D in a large-scale study, this finding could have implications for the treatment/prevention of virus- and/or immune-mediated disease.We also had access to human pancreata from two organ donors with recent onset T1D and several donors with T1D-related autoantibodies, which gave us the opportunity to study ongoing pathogenic processes at and before the onset of T1D. Despite this, we could neither confirm nor reject the hypothesis that EV is involved in T1D development. Several observations, such as ultrastructural remodeling of the beta cell, activation of innate immunity, and immunopositivity to EV capsid protein 1, supported an ongoing virus infection, but direct evidence is still lacking.An interesting finding in the donors with recent onset T1D was that the islets were positively stained for insulin, but did not secrete insulin in response to glucose-stimulation. A similar effect was observed in EV-infected islets in vitro; EV destroyed islet function and insulin gene expression, but the islets still stained positive for insulin. This may be indicative of that a functional block in addition to beta cell destruction is involved in T1D pathogenesis.In conclusion, these studies of EV in isolated human islets in vitro support that this virus can cause T1D in vivo, but future studies will have to show if and how frequently this happens.
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