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- Bajc, Marika, et al.
(author)
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99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy during kidney maturation
- 1995
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In: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. - 0363-9762. ; 20:3, s. 211-214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A total of 282 renal scintigrams with Tc-99m DMSA in 238 children ranging in age from 10 days to 13 years performed during a 3-year period were reviewed. The authors present 94 kidneys in 85 children in whom no sign of pathology was demonstrated clinically, either by ultrasound or intravenous urography, or by micturating urethrocystography. By exploring homogeneity or heterogeneity of tracer distribution, kidney length, and background level, the authors were able to identify a "normal" pattern of tracer distribution according to age. They found that the average kidney length was 56 mm at birth, growing 1 mm per month during the first year of life, and 4 mm per year thereafter, until puberty. Average background activity was 14% of the average kidney activity at birth which decreased to approximately 6% during the first year of life, with no further decrease thereafter.
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- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Long-term stimulant treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- 1997
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In: Archives of general psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-990X. ; 54, s. 857-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We wanted to study the effects of amphetamine on symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over a longer period than has been reported in previous studies of central stimulants in this condition. Methods: Sixty-two children, aged 6 to 11 years, meeting DSM-III-R symptom criteria for ADHD participated in a parallel-group design, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amphetamine treatment. Treatment was not restricted to children with "pure" ADHD, ie, some had comorbid diagnoses. In the amphetamine group, children received active treatment for 15 months. Results: Amphetamine was clearly superior to placebo in reducing inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behavior problems and tended to lead to improved results on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised. Treatment failure rate was considerably lower and time to treatment failure was longer in the amphetamine group. Adverse effects were few and relatively mild. Conclusion: The results of this long-term, placebo-controlled study of the central stimulant amphetamine in the treatment of ADHD indicate that there are remaining positive effects of the drug 15 months after starting treatment.
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- Mårtensson, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Labour pain treated with cutaneous injections of sterile water : a randomised controlled trial
- 1999
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In: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 106:7, s. 633-637
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the relief of pain in labour with subcutaneous and intracutaneous injections of sterile water, compared with placebo.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Labour ward with approximately 3000 deliveries annually in a suburban area near Gothenburg, Sweden.Participants Ninety-nine pregnant women at term, requiring pain relief for severe lower back pain during the first stage of labour. The women were randomised to receive four injections of 0.1 mL sterile water (without salt) intracutaneously ( n= 33 ), four injections of 0.5 mL sterile water subcutaneously ( n= 33 ) or placebo treatment ( n= 33 ).Main outcome measures Reduction of labour pain measured by visual analogue scale.Results The median visual analogue scale pain score for labour pain was significantly lower compared with initial values in the two study groups and compared with placebo at 10 and 45 minutes after treatment. The median reductions in visual analogue scores after 10 minutes were 5.0 cm and 4.5 cm in the intracutaneous and subcutaneous injection groups, respectively; women in the placebo group scored a median reduction of 1.7 cm. After 45 minutes the median reductions in the visual analogue scores were 4.9 cm and 4.0 cm in the intracutaneous and subcutaneous injection groups, respectively, compared with 1.0 cm for women in the placebo group. No significant differences in analgesic effect or pain experienced during administration were found between the two study groups.Conclusion The new subcutaneous method of administering sterile water, as well as the earlier described intracutaneous injection method, were effective for the relief of pain in labour.
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- Wallin, Lena
(author)
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99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of acute pyelonephritis in children.
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to define and evaluate a strategy for identification of children who are at risk of developing progressive renal lesions after acute pyelonephritis. Tc-DMSA renal scintigraphy is widely accepted as the most sensitive method for detecting parenchymal lesions and diagnosing acute pyelonephritis. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation standards were elaborated to improve the interpretation of DMSA scintigraphy. The normal DMSA distribution pattern, the average background uptake, and scintigraphic kidney length according to age were assessed in 95 presumably healthy kidneys. Furthermore, typical DMSA distribution patterns in acute pyelonephritis were assessed on 65 kidneys in 38 children, and typical DMSA distribution patterns of 152 kidneys with vesicoureteric reflux in 101 children with and without previous pyelonephritis. Measurement of scintigraphic kidney length, width and volume was validated in piglets and on a kidney phantom. The scintigraphic kidney length was found to be an accurate measure of renal size, whereas kidney width and volume were less reliable, at least on small kidneys. Criteria of kidney swelling in acute pyelonephritis were defined, and found to be beneficial for identifying reinfections in the absence of clinical symptoms. In 34 children with acute pyelonephritis quantitative and qualitative DMSA scintigraphic findings were correlated to clinical symptoms and laboratory data, in the acute stage and at follow-up. We found that a quantitative DMSA scintigraphy in the acute stage of pyelonephritis and again after one year will identify children who are at risk of developing progressive renal lesions. Qualitative assessment of DMSA distribution pattern is not reliable enough in this respect.
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