| 51. |
- Forsberg-Wärleby, Gunilla, 1953
(författare)
-
Psychological Well-Being, Life Satisfaction and Sense of Coherence in Spouses of Persons with Stroke
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Workhop: New approaches in caregiver research and interventions. Robert-Bosch-Hospital. Stuttgart, Tyskland 23 July 2007..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, LIFE SATISFACTION AND SENSE OF COHERENCE IN SPOUSES OF PERSONS WITH STROKE. The purpose of our studies was to explore change in the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of spouses in the first year after their partner’s stroke as well as the impact of the sense of coherence on this phenomenon. We also compared the satisfaction of the spouses and their partners with important domains in life one year after a stroke. The research data consisted of data about the patients’ neurological end emotional status, questionnaires about the spouses’ self-rated well-being, life satisfaction and sense of coherence, and interview data concerning the spouses’ everyday life and need of support. Even though the spouses’ psychological well-being increased after the first chaotic months after their partner’s stroke their life satisfaction decreased, even in spouses of persons who had suffered a less severe stroke. The spouses’ sense of coherence in the first weeks after their partner’s stroke seemed to be related to their future well-being. However, change in their sense of coherence also occurred in the first year after their partner’s stroke. Need of support seemed to be different in different phases after their partner’s stroke, which has implications for the development of models of interventions to support spouses during their adaptation process. In our Stroke Research Group there are ongoing studies concerning spouses’ activities, participation, health and life satisfaction in a long-term perspective and concerning older spouses’ experience of need of support. A study concerning the effect of family-centred interventions directed to families in which a person suffers from “hidden dysfunctions” is also planned.
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| 52. |
- Angelov, Angel G., et al.
(författare)
-
Four-decision tests for stochastic dominance, with an application to environmental psychophysics
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If the survival function of a random variable X lies to the right of the survival function of a random variable Y, then X is said to stochastically dominate Y. Inferring stochastic dominance is particularly complicated because comparing survival functions raises four possible hypotheses: identical survival functions, dominance of X over Y, dominance of Y over X, or crossing survival functions. In this paper, we suggest four-decision tests for stochastic dominance suitable for paired samples. The tests are permutation-based and do not rely on distributional assumptions. One-sided Cramér–von Mises and Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics are employed but the general idea may be utilized with other test statistics. The power to detect dominance and the different types of wrong decisions are investigated in an extensive simulation study. The proposed tests are applied to data from an experiment concerning the individual’s willingness to pay for a given environmental improvement.
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| 53. |
- Besic, Nejra, 1980-
(författare)
-
At first blush : the impact of shyness on early adolescents' social worlds
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shyness as a behavioral characteristic has been in focus of research in psychology for a number of decades. Adolescent shyness has, however, been relatively overlooked compared with studies conducted on children and adults. This dissertation concentrated on adolescent shyness, aiming to attain a better comprehension about how shyness during this developmental phase might affect, and be affected by social relationships. The first aim of this dissertation was to study in which way shyness influences and is influenced by significant people in adolescents’ lives: peers, friends, and parents. Study III showed that shy youths socialized each other over time into becoming even more shy. Study VI demonstrated that youths’ shyness affected parenting behaviors, more so than parent’s behaviors affected youth shyness. The second aim of this dissertation was to investigate what shyness means for adolescents’ choices of relationships with friends, whereas the third aim focused on whether adolescents’ ways of dealing with peers would have consequences for their internal and external adjustment. As Study I showed, youths might take on off-putting, startling appearances in order to cope with their shyness. This strategy seemed, nonetheless, not particularly successful for the shy youths in terms of emotional adjustment. Study III showed that adolescents who were shy tended to choose others similar to themselves in shyness as friends. Study II showed that shyness might indeed have some positive implications for adolescent development, as it was found to serve a protective role in the link between advanced maturity and various types of problem behaviors. Overall, the findings point to some gender differences regarding all of the abovementioned processes. In sum then, the studies in this dissertation show that even though youths’ shy, socially fearful characteristics affect their emotional adjustment and those around them, shy youths are part of a larger social arena where they are active agents in shaping their own development. Although adolescent shyness might be linked with several negative outcomes, however, it might be other people’s reactions to socially fearful behaviors that help create and/or maintain these outcomes over time.
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| 54. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Om metoder för personbedömning i vardagslivet
- 2002
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet är att något klargöra och konkretisera saklighetsteori vid personbedömning samt att tydliggöra och kritiskt kommentera ett antal i vardagslivet förekommande "metoder" eller kvasimetoder för personbedömning, t.ex. "tycka-tro-känna-uppleva-intryck"-metoden med oberättigade fakticitetsanspråk. Skriften är erfarenhetsbaserad och betonar det omgivande makt-intresse-fältet inverkar på personbedömningar som tillhör forskningsområden som ofta betecknas som social perception eller social kognition. Skriften omfattar ca 35 sidor.
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Westlund, Olle, 1969-
(författare)
-
S(t)imulating a Social Psychology : G. H. Mead and the Reality of the Social Object
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social psychology is often said to be a scientific discipline aiming at the observation and explanation of actions between human beings or, more generally, between the human individual and the environment. This general proposition holds for most social psychologists, irrespective of allegiance. Accepting this, it is implied that we are observing the social aspect of a human individual. This text will ask for the conditions under which this social psychology is possible. Indeed, what has to be the case for the observation and explanation of the sociality of the individual to occur?On the basis of G. H. Mead, generally considered the hub around which modern social psychology developed, it will be argued that for a social psychological science to be possible, conditions are implied that make it impossible. Less rhetorically put, accepting or returning to Meads social argument and trying to co-ordinate it with basic premises of scientific conduct, one will find oneself caught between two Meadian facts. On the one hand each individual must be considered social, i.e., appearing to experience as two objects at once. On the other hand, however, explaining an object is to state the object in an unambiguous fashion, i.e., as an independent, hence individual, object. It will be argued here that Mead’s epistemology does not support a scientific and social psychology. Rather a scientific social psychology based on Mead constitutes a contradiction in terms, stemming from a series of misinterpretations. It is the objective of this text to demonstrate these misinterpretations with respect to attempts at a scientific social psychology based on the social vision of this scholar.
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| 57. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Lekteorier
- 2013
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 58. |
- Nyberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial Working Conditions for Women and Men in Industries with Different Types of Production and Gender Composition : Sweden, 1991–2017
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gendered Norms at Work. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 2213-0497 .- 2213-0470. - 9783030777333 - 9783030777340 ; , s. 35-61
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter aims to contribute to the understanding of increased gender differences in sickness absence and health by applying a structural approach, and by analysing and describing the development of and differences in psychosocial working conditions in differently gendered industries. Some psychosocial work factors are expected to vary by differently gendered industries, and others are expected to vary by differently gendered industries and gender combined. Descriptive and comparative data of psychosocial working conditions for women and men in Sweden from the 1990s and onwards are presented. The results show that job demands and decision authority have developed more negatively in female-gendered industries for both genders since the early 1990s, although more negatively for women. Job demands are furthermore higher and decision authority lower in these industries among both men and women. Gender-based and sexual harassment, on the other hand, show a pattern between gendered industries and gender combined, such that more harassment occurs for men in female-gendered industries and for women in male-gendered industries. The results are discussed in relation to contextual and gender perspectives.
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| 59. |
- Forsström, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Feasibility and results of a pilot online survey to examine prevalence of gambling and problem gambling among Swedish substance abuse inpatients in compulsory care
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2331-1908. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The comorbidity between problem gambling and substance use/abuse is high in many populations previously studied. However, the occurrence of problem gambling among individuals with substance abuse has not been thoroughly studied, which is especially true for individuals in inpatient or compulsory care. The present early-stage study explored the presence of gambling and problem gambling among inpatients in compulsory care in Sweden who has been court-ordered to treatment for their substance abuse (alcohol and/or drugs). The study furthermore investigates the use of preventive measures and treatment seeking. The most effective strategy to recruit participants (no incentive, incentive and incentive and face-to-face recruitment) was also explored. Twenty-one participants were recruited and seven of them had at-risk or problem gambling and none of them had accessed treatment. The best way of recruiting was to offer a gift certificate and inform about the study face-to-face. The implications are that individuals in compulsory care for substance abuse need to be screened for problem gambling, that recruitment for studies in this population is best carried out by offering incentives and educational efforts and that it might be beneficial for the clients in compulsory care to be offered gambling treatment.
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| 60. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Learning about environmental issues with the aid of cognitive artefacts
- 2008
-
Ingår i: SSKKII Publications. - 1653-8420.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When looking at the issue of learning about environmental problems many difficulties stem from their inherent abstractness which causes difficulties because humans have a problem understanding information that is not directly perceivable. We primarily create our lives on perceivable information and by imitating other people. This paper will examine the limitations of the human mind and it will discuss environmental problems that we can't grasp, but on the other hand it will discuss our cognitive capacities and the kind of tools we can use, and how these might be handled by educators. The tools discussed are: models and miniatures, metaphors and analogies, tracking, key questions, and (participatory) stories. The cognitive science approach is just one way of looking at the issue but it can be useful when dealing with educational challenges.
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| 61. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Ledarskapsteorier
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Lärarens ledarskap - professionell pedagogisk praktik. - Malmö : Gleerups. - 9789151107172
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ledarskap är mångfasetterat och går att betrakta från flera olika synvinklar. Hur man än väljer att se på ledarskap fångar man bara ett fåtal aspekter. Detta har medfört att ledarskapsforskning är ett av de mest omfattande forskningsområdena och dessutom ett av de mest omtalade. Enigheten kring vad ledarskap är, är ganska låg. Så vad är ledarskap egentligen? Svaret på den frågan kan beskrivas med någon av alla de ledarskapsteorier som finns. Ju fler ledarskapsteorier man tar del av, desto bättre förstår man fenomenets komplexitet. I detta kapitel presenteras ett urval av ledarskapsteorier med relevans för lärares undervisning. De representerar en rad olika synsätt för att du som läsare både ska kunna se bredden inom ledarskapsforskning och kunna fördjupa dig i de teorier som du finner användbara.
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| 62. |
- Klingstedt, Marie-Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Reliability and construct validity of five life domains in the adolescent drug abuse diagnosis instrument in a sample of Swedish adolescent girls in special residential care
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 37:4, s. 411-426
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This cross-sectional study investigates the psychometric properties of the Swedish edition of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD), and specifically examines the internal consistency and construct validity of five life domains reported by female adolescents in special residential care in Sweden (N= 780;M-age= 16 years old).Methods: Principal component analysis and entropy-based analysis were used to test construct validity.Conclusion: Results indicate that ADAD may be able to reliably distinguish between areas that are important targets for intervention.
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| 63. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Att förfölja människor : en kommentar av Bo Edvardsson
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Det store barnevernspøkelset. - Bergen : Alma Mater Forlag AS. - 8241901054 ; , s. 244-249
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En kritisk utredningsmetodisk kommentar till det norska Monsen-fallet, som gäller omhändertagande av barn.
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| 64. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Brunswiks funktionalistiska linsmodell och socialt arbete. : Ett teoretiskt utkast.
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Brunswiks linsmodell inbegriper såväl det yttre ekologiska systemet (omgivningen) som det inre kognitiva systemet (tänkandet). Modellen är utomordentligt relevant för att förstå problem kring bedömningar och målinriktade handlingar i socialt arbete. Det hävdas att en problemfokuserande arbetsmodell är mer förenlig med linsmodellen än en symtom-åtgärdsmodell är.
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| 65. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Normala sexuella beteenden hos barn
- 2011
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En mycket summarisk forskningsorienterad framställning ges kring frågan om barns normala sexuella beteenden, vilka är viktiga att känna till vid t.ex. utredning av anmälningar av misstankar om sexuella övergrepp.
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| 66. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Socialtjänst i praktiken III: tio handläggningssituationer med barn, ungdom m.m.
- 1983
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport på 129 sidor är den sista av tre stycken med totalt 30 dialogutskrivna intervjuer med sodialarbetare 1983 på en tung socialbyrå i Örebro. Tillsammans med de två andra rapporterna med fall rörande ekonomi, information och missbruk utgör den ett empiriskt underlag för rapporten "Medvetandeprocesser vid socialbyråhandläggning" (Edvardsson, 1986; fulltext på DiVA). Texten i intervjurapporten har här av tekniska skäl delats upp på tre stycken bilagor med intervjuerna 21-30.
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| 67. |
- Wallerius, Magnus L., et al.
(författare)
-
Interspecific association of brown trout (Salmo trutta) with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at the fry stage
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ethology. - : Wiley. - 0179-1613. ; 123:12, s. 933-941
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Europe has led to displacement and decreasing populations of native brown trout (Salmo trutta). Some studies have found that brown trout shift to a diet niche similar to brook trout when the two species live in sympatry, which conflicts with the competitive exclusion principle. A change in feeding niche may be a sign of early interspecific association and social learning, leading to behavioral changes. As a first step to address this possibility, it is essential to assess the interspecific association between the species during the early ontogenetic life stages. In this study, we therefore assess whether juvenile brown trout associate with non-native juvenile brook trout to the same extent as with conspecifics by setting up two experiments: (i) a binomial choice test allowing visual and chemical cues to estimate the species specificity of group preference, and (ii) an association test without physical barriers to estimate the degree of association of a focal brown trout with a group of either conspecifics or heterospecifics. In experiment (1), we found that focal juvenile brown trout preferred to associate with the stimuli groups and did not discriminate either against conspecific or heterospecific groups. Furthermore, more active individuals showed stronger preference for the stimuli group than less active ones, regardless of species. In experiment (2), we found that brook trout groups had a tighter group structure than brown trout groups, and that focal brown trout showed stronger association with brook trout than with brown trout. These results indicate that brown trout may associate with brook trout at an early life stage, which would allow for interspecific social learning to occur. Future studies should look closer into causes and consequences of interspecific association and social learning, including potential effects on the phenotype selection in brown trout populations.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
|
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| 70. |
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| 71. |
|
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| 72. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Vems dåliga samvete? : Socialsekreterarnas arbetssituation i Örebro
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socialsekreterarnas arbetssituation vid socialförvaltningen i Örebro studerades genom att ett stickprov om 7 st förde strukturerade dagböcker under en arbetsvecka över vad de gjorde varje kvart och genom att vissa frågor besvarades plus att 4 st av deltagarna intervjuades. Arbetsuppgifterna kunde beskrivas med 19 kategorier. Studien visade att arbetsbelastningen var för hög och att detta på olika sätt inverkade negativt på socialsekreterare och klienter.
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| 73. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Infantile colic and the role of trait anxiety during pregnancy in relation to psychosocial and socioeconomic factors.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 33:1, s. 26-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: A study was undertaken to assess the impact of psychological, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors on the risk of having a child with infantile colic. Methods: Psychosocial and psychological factors were assessed by self-administered questionnaires in the 17th, and by telephone interviews in the 35th—37th pregnancy weeks; infantile colic occurrence was assessed by telephone interviews at infant age 5 weeks; subjects were 1,099 mother—infant dyads. Results: High trait anxiety increased the colic risk; OR 2.04 (95% CI: 1.16, 3.59), and so did affirming a perceived risk of spoiling young infants with too much physical contact; OR 1.77 (1.07, 2.91). In the final step of a multivariate model, not cohabiting with the child's father was the factor with the strongest association with colic; OR 3.48 (1.38, 8.77). Analyses of effect modification showed that high education seemed to protect from the influence of high trait anxiety. Young women were particularly high in trait anxiety, and being exposed to both these risk factors seemed to act synergistically on the risk of having a colicky infant; OR 2.41 (1.12, 5.18). Conclusions: Psychological and psychosocial factors were found to be significantly related to an increased risk for infantile colic, and these factors interacted with age, parity, social support, and educational level in a complex manner. Even though no single most important psychosocial risk factor was identified, the findings lend support to the strategy of offering special attention in terms of information and support in the maternal healthcare system to very young women, women who do not cohabit with the father, and women with high trait anxiety.
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| 74. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
-
Terapeutpåverkan, arbetskonflikt, minnesfenomen och gruppsykologiska processer som uppkomstbetingelser för multipla påståenden om sexuella ofredanden - ett gruppfall
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att klargöra utredningsmetodiska problem vid förundersökning av ett fall med ett flertal påståenden om sexuella ofredanden från flera flickor och uppvisat av en manlig ledare inom en fritidsverksamhet. Huvudanmälarens terapeuts handledare och terapeuten startar upp anklagelserna genom att föreslå huvudanmälaren sexuella övergrepp som faktor bakom symtom. En uppfattning att sexuella ofredanden skett sprids snabbt inom den grupp där huvudanmälaren ingår. Utredningsmetodiken uppvisar brister vad gäller att pröva alternativa hypoteser och i kritisk prövning av uppgifter. Många förhörda personer har inte uppfattat några ofredanden. Ett flertal metod- och tankefel samt hot mot validiteten hos uppgifterna specificeras.
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| 75. |
- Mörtberg, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Phobia Inventory and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory in a Swedish University Student Sample
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 122:1, s. 323-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety is common in the general population, as well as among students in higher education. For screening of social anxiety, there is a need for brief scales. In the present study, the psychometric properties were examined in a Swedish version of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) in a university student sample (n = 161). In addition to the SPIN and Mini-SPIN, participants completed measures of fear of public speaking, general anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Exploratory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying dimensions of the SPIN, and reliability, convergent, and divergent validity of SPIN and Mini-SPIN were examined by Cronbach’s alpha and correlation analyses. It was found that a shorter eight-item version of the SPIN was associated with two solid factors (fear and avoidance of social interaction and fear and avoidance of criticism), and acceptable internal consistency, convergent, and divergent validity. In addition, the Mini-SPIN was associated with satisfactory convergent validity, but the reliability was not acceptable. It is concluded that the SPIN-8 is a viable screening tool for social anxiety in a university student population.
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| 76. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Samarbete i lärande och lek
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Symposiet Fritidshem - kunskap i gemenskap i backspegeln.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 77. |
- Knez, Igor, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wellbeing in Urban Greenery: The Role of Naturalness and Place Identity
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate effects of urban greenery (high vs. low naturalness) on place identity and wellbeing, and the links between place identity and wellbeing. It was shown that participants (Gothenburg, Sweden, N = 1347) estimated a stronger attachment/closeness/belonging (emotional component of place-identity), and more remembrance and thinking about and mental travel (cognitive component of placeidentity) in relation to high vs. low perceived naturalness. High naturalness was also reported to generate higher wellbeing in participants than low naturalness. Furthermore, place identity was shown to predict participants' wellbeing in urban greenery, accounting for 35% of variance explained by the regression. However, there was a stronger relationship between the emotional vs. the cognitive component of place identity and wellbeing. Finally, a significant role of place identity in mediating the naturalnesswellbeing relationship was shown, indicating that the naturalness-wellbeing connection can be partly accounted for by the psychological mechanisms of people-place bonding.
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| 78. |
- Dymitrow, Mirek, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutrition, health and climate: What have we learned so far?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Conference on Food Science and Nutrition: “Forum for food science and nutrition for a better tomorrow”, 25–26 February 2019, Rome, Italy.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food and meals are central elements in our lives: a source of pleasure, a social activity and a bearer of culture. Our eating habits are also very important to health, which implies that the organization and content of meals is a prerequisite for well-being and learning. Schools, in particular, have unique opportunities to promote healthy lifestyles, help develop good eating habits and raise environmental and climate awareness among children and youths by embedding food in a wider context. Unsurprisingly, there is also an increasing interest in school meals and food-related education among researchers, many of whom agree that the quality of school meals can be seen as one of the most accurate indicators of the cities’ sustainability potential. Systematic quality work, however, requires shared targets and ambitions, regular quality checks and discussions on development and improvement. In that vein, the City of Gothenburg has launched the project Urban Rural Gothenburg, which assembles, develops, tests and implements new solutions for the city’s public kitchens. This involves climate-smart and environmentally sound perspectives and programs regarding meal planning, food procurement, food preparation and food-related teaching and learning. One important approach deals with the normalization of increased vegetarian consumption and greater awareness of food’s origins and travel from farm to table. Another approach deals with conscious choices of raw materials that are beneficial for both the environment and health. A third notable approach focuses on new ways of handling food waste to reduce climate impact. In line with the third Sustainable Development Goal, this presentation captures and reaffirms the fundamental assumptions and methods involved in Gothenburg’s work with food sustainability in public kitchens, with an emphasis on health and climate as cross-cutting issues that matter to us all.
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| 79. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:27, s. 7001-7006
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this report we analyzed genetically informative data to investigate within-person change and between-person differences in late-life cognitive abilities as a function of childhood social class. We used data from nine testing occasions spanning 28 y in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and parental social class based on the Swedish socioeconomic index. Cognitive ability included a general factor and the four domains of verbal, fluid, memory, and perceptual speed. Latent growth curve models of the longitudinal data tested whether level and change in cognitive performance differed as a function of childhood social class. Between-within twin-pair analyses were performed on twins reared apart to assess familial confounding. Childhood social class was significantly associated with mean-level cognitive performance at age 65 y, but not with rate of cognitive change. The association decreased in magnitude but remained significant after adjustments for level of education and the degree to which the rearing family was supportive toward education. A between-pair effect of childhood social class was significant in all cognitive domains, whereas within-pair estimates were attenuated, indicating genetic confounding. Thus, childhood social class is important for cognitive performance in adulthood on a population level, but the association is largely attributable to genetic influences.
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| 80. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969-
(författare)
-
Den fria tidens lärande
- 2011
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lärande är centralt i det mesta vi gör. Kanske särskilt under vår fritid. Den här boken handlar huvudsakligen om hur vi människor lär oss och tar samtidigt med tiden som en väsentlig faktor för lärande. Vårt sätt att förhålla oss till tid påverkar hur vi lär. Det som kallas den fria tiden skapar förutsättningar för lärande som skiljer sig från lärande inom ramen för mer styrd tid. Relaterade begrepp som informellt och formellt lärande diskuteras. Flera teorier om lärande beskrivs. Författaren använder en mängd exempel för att illustrera olika sätt att se på tid och lärande. De mest centrala delarna berör barns lärande inom fritidshem, förskola och skola, men även lärande i hemmiljö och platser där barn befinner sig på sin fritid. Boken vänder sig i första hand till lärare och andra professionella som arbetar med barn under deras fritid. Fritidshemmet diskuteras i ett eget kapitel men alla delar av boken är relevanta för fritidshemsverksamhet.
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| 81. |
- Basic, Goran, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
War and challenges for contemporary criminology : an ethnography-inspired analysis of the narratives of unaccompanied young refugees with war experiences in institutional care in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: <em>(Il)legal organizations and crime. Challenges for contemporary criminology. </em>21st Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology. - Bucharest, Romania : European Society of Criminology and University of Bucharest. ; , s. 203-204, s. 1-2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study concerns young people who have experienced war, taken shelter in Sweden, and been placed in institutions. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze power relations that contribute to the shaping of young people’s identities and repertoires of action via stigmatizations and social comparisons with different reference groups. The study’s empirical material includes qualitatively oriented interviews with six young people from Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan who have experienced war followed by placement in institutional care in Sweden. Analytical findings with the following themes are presented: (1) power relations and war, (2) power relations and escape from war, and (3) power relations and post war. The narratives on war and flight recounted by unaccompanied refugee minors describe the exercise of power in practice, in which wartime interactions (based on the exercise of power) are compared and related to peaceful interactions (in which there is no exercise of power). In this context, the interactive creation of contrasts and comparisons in relation to other actors reveals various categories of actor: victim, perpetrator, and hero.
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| 82. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
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Kritisk granskning av en barnavårdsutredning enligt BBIC
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att klargöra några utredningsmetodiska och etiska problem vid tillämpning av BBIC-konceptet i en barnavårdsutredning. Det framgår att utredningen använder icke rimligt säkerställda uppgifter som grund för analys och bedömningar. Dolda observationsevidens anförs (något som inte kan godtas). Integritetskänsliga uppgifter anförs obehövligt. Ett antal tankefel i utredningen specificeras.
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
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| 85. |
- Pettersson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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Lifeworld perspectives on assistive devices : lived experiences of spouses of persons with stroke.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 12:4, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore how spouses of persons with a disability following stroke describe their lived experiences regarding assistive devices in everyday life. A phenomenological lifeworld approach was used and conversational interviews were conducted with 12 spouses. Their lived experiences of assistive devices were explored in relation to four lifeworld existentials intertwined in everyday life. The results showed that lived body concerns aspects of feelings, habits, and incorporation of the devices with one's own body. The devices are, from the spouses' perspective, a prerequisite for their partner with stroke living at home. Successively the devices are incorporated into the couples' homes, and they provide a new view of the environment, aspects related to lived space. The devices bring about a changed relation to lived time, related to past, present, and future. Further, lived human relation concerns changed relationships to husbands/wives with stroke, including a great responsibility due to the devices and their usage. The results also included stigmatizing aspects and a twofold relationship to health professionals regarding participation in decisions about prescribing assistive devices. Understanding the unique meaning of assistive devices from the spouses' perspective is vital for occupational therapists prescribing such devices.
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| 86. |
- Billsten, Johan, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) test used in the implementation of assessment instruments and treatment methods in a Swedish National study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0740-5472 .- 1873-6483. ; 84, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational climate and related factors are associated with outcome and are as such of vital interest for healthcare organizations. Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) is the questionnaire used in the present study to assess the influence of organizational factors on implementation success. The respondents were employed in one of 203 Swedish municipalities within social work and psychiatric substance/abuse treatment services. They took part in a nationwide implementation project organized by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR), commissioned by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Aim The aims were: (a) to identify classes (clusters) of employees with different ORC profiles on the basis of data collected in 2011 and (b) to investigate ORC profiles which predicted the use of assessment instruments, therapy methods and collaborative activities in 2011 and 2013. Design and recruitment The evaluation study applied a naturalistic design with registration of outcome at consecutive assessments. The participants were contacted via official e-mail addresses in their respective healthcare units and were encouraged by their officials to participate on a voluntary basis. Statistics Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS version 23. A latent profile analysis (LPA) using Mplus 7.3 was performed with a robust maximum likelihood estimator (MLR) to identify subgroups (clusters) based on the 18 ORC indexes. Results A total of 2402 employees responded to the survey, of whom 1794 (74.7%) completed the ORC scores. Descriptive analysis indicated that the respondents were a homogenous group of employees, where women (72.0%) formed the majority. Cronbach's alpha for the 18 ORC indexes ranged from α = 0.67 to α = 0.78. A principal component analysis yielded a four-factor solution explaining 62% of the variance in total ORC scores. The factors were: motivational readiness (α = 0.64), institutional resources (α = 0.52), staff attributes (α = 0.76), and organizational climate (α = 0.74). An LPA analysis of the four factors with their three distinct profiles provided the best data fit: Profile 3 (n = 614), Profile 2 (n = 934), and Profile 1 (n = 246). Respondents with the most favorable ORC scores (Profile 3) used significantly more instruments and more treatment methods and had a better collaborating network in 2011 as well as in 2013 compared to members in Profile 1, the least successful profile. Conclusion In a large sample of social work and healthcare professionals, ORC scores reflecting higher institutional resources, staff attributes and organizational climate and lower motivational readiness for change were associated with a successful implementation of good practice guidelines for the care and treatment of substance users in Sweden. Low motivational readiness as a construct may indicate satisfaction with the present situation. As ORC proved to be an indicator of successful dissemination of evidence-based guidelines into routine and specialist healthcare, it can be used to tailor interventions to individual employees or services and to improve the dissemination of and compliance with guidelines for the treatment of substance users. © 2017
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| 87. |
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| 88. |
- Eriksson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Den onda föräldern : attributionsmönster i sociala utredningar
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att undersöka hur attributioner (tillskrivningar) används inom förföljande socialt arbete. Analysbegrepp för attributioner konstruerades. Tre huvuddrag påvisades: 1. Attributioner används för att konstruera monsterföräldrar, 2. Förföljande strategier används mot monsterföräldrar, 3. Attributioner används som verktyg inom förföljande strategier.
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| 89. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Affective-Associative Two-Process theory: A neural network investigation of adaptive behaviour in differential outcomes training
- 2017
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Ingår i: Adaptive Behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 1059-7123 .- 1741-2633. ; 25:1, s. 5-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we present a novel neural network implementation of Associative Two-Process (ATP) theory based on an Actor-Critic-like architecture. Our implementation emphasizes the affective components of differential reward magnitude and reward omission expectation and thus we model Affective-Associative Two-Process theory (Aff-ATP). ATP has been used to explain the findings of differential outcomes training (DOT) procedures, which emphasize learning differentially valuated outcomes for cueing actions previously associated with those outcomes. ATP hypothesizes the existence of a prospective' memory route through which outcome expectations can bring to bear on decision making and can even substitute for decision making based on the retrospective' inputs of standard working memory. While DOT procedures are well recognized in the animal learning literature they have not previously been computationally modelled. The model presented in this article helps clarify the role of ATP computationally through the capturing of empirical data based on DOT. Our Aff-ATP model illuminates the different roles that prospective and retrospective memory can have in decision making (combining inputs to action selection functions). In specific cases, the model's prospective route allows for adaptive switching (correct action selection prior to learning) following changes in the stimulus-response-outcome contingencies.
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| 90. |
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| 91. |
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Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series (Volume 40)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series (De Gruyter). - 1732-4254 .- 1732-4254. ; 40:40, s. 1-196
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This 40th anniversary issue of BGSS highlights some of the tenets of the complexity that make sustainability a ‘wicked problem’ through a number of different perspectives, many of which have to date been pushed into the background amidst an otherwise exceptionally rich geographical literature on sustainability. The editorial task included procurement, administration and scientific processing of 12 articles from 25 authors as follows: (1) Mirek Dymitrow, Keith Halfacree – “Sustainability–differently”; (2) Slobodan Arsovski, Michał Kwiatkowski, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska, Emilija Sofeska, Mirek Dymitrow – “Can urban environmental problems be overcome? The case of Skopje—world’s most polluted city”; (3) Janis Birkeland – “Challenging policy barriers in sustainable urban design”; (4) Elizabeth Dessie – “Applying resilience thinking to ‘ordinary’ cities: A theoretical inquiry”; (5) Madeleine Eriksson, Aina Tollefsen – “The production of the rural landscape and its labour: The development of supply chain capitalism in the Swedish berry industry”; (6) Stina Hansson – “The role of trust in shaping urban planning in local communities: The case of Hammarkullen, Sweden”; (7) Shelley Kotze – “The place of community values within community-based conservation: The case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town”; (8) Davide Marino, Luigi Mastronardi, Agostino Giannelli, Vincenzo Giaccio, Giampiero Mazzocchi – “Territorialisation dynamics for Italian farms adhering to Alternative Food Networks”; (9) E. Gunilla Almered Olsson – “Urban food systems as vehicles for sustainability transitions”; (10) George Mark Onyango – “Urban public transport in informal settlements: Experiences from Kisumu City, Kenya”; (11) Christian M. Rogerson – “Informality and migrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town’s inner city”; (12) Marcin Wójcik, Karolina Dmochowska-Dudek, Pamela Jeziorska-Biel, Paulina Tobiasz-Lis – “Understanding strategies for overcoming peripherality: A Polish experience of transition”. The articles have been reviewed by a cadre of 40 reviewers from 34 academic institutions across 14 countries.
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| 92. |
- Enquist, Magnus, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural traits operating in senders are driving forces of cultural evolution
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : Royal society publishing. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 291:2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a mathematical model of cultural evolution to study cultural traits that shape how individuals exchange information. Current theory focuses on traits that influence the reception of information (receiver traits), such as evaluating whether information represents the majority or stems from a trusted source. Our model shifts the focus from the receiver to the sender of cultural information and emphasizes the role of sender traits, such as communicability or persuasiveness. Here, we show that sender traits are probably a stronger driving force in cultural evolution than receiver traits. While receiver traits evolve to curb cultural transmission, sender traits can amplify it and fuel the self-organization of systems of mutually supporting cultural traits, including traits that cannot be maintained on their own. Such systems can reach arbitrary complexity, potentially explaining uniquely human practical and mental skills, goals, knowledge and creativity, independent of innate factors. Our model incorporates social and individual learning throughout the lifespan, thus connecting cultural evolutionary theory with developmental psychology. This approach provides fresh insights into the trait-individual duality, that is, how cultural transmission of single traits is influenced by individuals, who are each represented as an acquired system of cultural traits.
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| 93. |
- Kleberg, Johan L., et al.
(författare)
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No transfer of arousal from other’s eyes in Williams syndrome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typically developing humans automatically synchronize their arousal levels, resulting in pupillary contagion, or spontaneous adaptation of pupil size to that of others. This phenomenon emerges in infancy and is believed to facilitate social interaction. Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic condition characterized by a hyper-social personality and social interaction challenges. Pupillary contagion was examined in individuals with WS (n = 44), age-parallel-matched typically developing children and adults (n = 65), and infants (n = 79). Bayesian statistics were used. As a group, people with WS did not show pupillary contagion (Bayes factors supporting the null: 25–50) whereas control groups did. This suggests a very early emerging atypical developmental trajectory. In WS, higher pupillary contagion was associated with lower autistic symptoms of social communication. Diminished synchronization of arousal may explain why individuals with WS have social challenges, whereas synchronization of arousal is not a necessary correlate of high social motivation.
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| 94. |
- Kleberg, Johan L., et al.
(författare)
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Social feedback enhances learning in Williams syndrome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by high social interest and approach motivation as well as intellectual disability and anxiety. Despite the fact that social stimuli are believed to have an increased intrinsic reward value in WS, it is not known whether this translates to learning and decision making. Genes homozygously deleted in WS are linked to sociability in the general population, making it a potential model condition for understanding the social brain. Probabilistic reinforcement learning was studied with either social or non-social rewards for correct choices. Social feedback improved learning in individuals with Williams syndrome but not in typically developing controls or individuals with other intellectual disabilities. Computational modeling indicated that these efects on social feedback were mediated by a shift towards higher weight given to rewards relative to punishments and increased choice consistency. We conclude that reward learning in WS is characterized by high volatility and a tendency to learn how to avoid punishment rather than how to gain rewards. Social feedback can partly normalize this pattern and promote adaptive reward learning.
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| 95. |
- Sinclair, Samantha, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining gender-typed educational choice in adolescence: The role of social identity, self-concept, goals, grades, and interests.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0001-8791 .- 1095-9084. ; 110:Part A, s. 54-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most industrialized countries, there are substantial gender differences in field of study, resulting in gender segregated labor markets. The present research (N = 457, M age = 14.98) investigated a diverse range of predictors of Swedish adolescents’ choice of preparatory (STEM; humanistic) and terminal (e.g., electrician; health care) programs. The results revealed that social identity related variables (same-gender friendship networks, belonging, and adherence to gender stereotypes) mattered primarily for choice of gender-typed terminal programs, whereas academic self-concept and grades positively predicted selecting STEM and negatively predicted choice of gender-typed terminal programs for both girls and boys. Subject-specific interests were the most powerful and robust predictors overall and mediated the effects of academic self-concept and to a lesser extent social identity variables. The results illuminate the interaction between perceived barriers, opportunities, and interests in determining educational choice, the need to consider gender-typical choice for high-skilled and low-skilled career paths separately, and the importance of jointly considering a multitude of predictors that are typically studied in different fields.
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| 96. |
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| 97. |
- Falck-Ytter, Terje, Professor, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Social attention : Developmental foundations and relevance for autism spectrum disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 94:1, s. 8-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of the term Social Attention (SA) in the cognitive neuroscience and developmental psychopathology literature has increased exponentially in recent years, in part motivated by the aim to understand the early development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Unfortunately, theoretical discussions around the term have lagged behind its various uses. Here, we evaluate SA through a review of key candidate SA phenotypes emerging early in life, from newborn gaze cueing and preference for face-like configurations to later emerging skills such as joint attention. We argue that most of the considered SA phenotypes are unlikely to represent unique socio-attentional processes but have to be understood in the broader context of bottom-up and emerging top-down (domain-general) attention. Some types of SA behaviors (e.g., initiation of joint attention) are linked to the early development of ASD, but this may reflect differences in social motivation rather than attention per se. Several SA candidates are not linked to ASD early in life, including the ones that may represent uniquely socio-attentional processes (e.g., orienting to faces, predicting others’ manual action goals). Although SA may be a useful super-ordinate category under which one can organize certain research questions, the widespread use of the term without proper definition is problematic. Characterizing gaze patterns and visual attention in infants at elevated likelihood for ASD in social contexts may facilitate early detection, but conceptual clarity regarding the underlying processes at play are needed to sharpen research questions and identify potential targets for early intervention.
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| 98. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout symptoms and recovery processes in eight elite soccer coaches over 10 years
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of sports science & coaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1747-9541 .- 2048-397X. ; 14:4, s. 431-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elite sport can be stressful, which increases the risk for burnout symptoms to develop. Especially when not balanced with sufficient recovery. To study the burnout–recovery process, eight elite soccer coaches were followed for 10 years. All eight were active elite coaches at the inception of this study and reported elevated emotional exhaustion scores on Maslach’s Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The coaches completed MBI-ES three additional times (year 3, 7, and 10), and they were also interviewed on the same occasions. At the 3-year follow-up, seven of the eight coaches reduced their exhaustion scores. The coach presenting with unchanged scores both at the 3 - and 7-year follow-up was the only one still coaching at the elite level. All coaches revealed during the interviews that they struggled to manage their work–life balance well; some worked too many hours, some experienced difficulty in managing conflicting role-demands, and some wrestled with external pressures. Their approach to recovery was, however, similar. Apart from moving away from coaching at the elite level, they unanimously mentioned that they changed their approach to coaching to make recovery possible. They achieved the latter by, for example, increasing control and delegating responsibility. According to our longitudinal results, burnout frequently regarded as an end-state can decrease over time. Provided that decisive action is taken to change situational factors and personal demands. This frequently meant withdrawing from coaching, which in turn explains why coach retention remains a serious challenge for most organizations with teams/athletes competing at the elite level. © The Author(s) 2019.
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| 99. |
- Nordin-Bates, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing Disordered Eating in Teenage Ballet Students : Evaluation of DancExcellent, a Combined CBT and Nutrition Education Intervention
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical problems of performing artists. - : Science & Medicine Inc. - 0885-1158 .- 1938-2766. ; 38:2, s. 71-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Disordered eating (DE) behaviors are relatively common among high-level dancers, especially in classical ballet. At the same time, interventions aimed at reducing DE behaviors in this population are scarce. METHODS: An 8-week exploratory preventive interven-tion for DE behaviors was carried out in a high-level ballet school for 40 teenagers aged 12-15 years (77.5% female). Both risk factors (perfectionism) and potentially protective factors (self-esteem, self-compassion) for the development of DE behaviors were considered. The intervention was created specifically for this study and consisted of five cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) work-shops and four nutrition workshops. Additional compo-nents included newsletters for pupils and educational sessions and social media interactions with staff and parents. The intervention comprised two phases (control and intervention periods), with students acting as their own controls. Standardized questionnaires were com-pleted before and after both phases. RESULTS: Ques-tionnaire results did not indicate any changes in reported perfectionism, self-esteem, or self-compassion, nor were symptoms of DE affected during either the control or intervention periods. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention did not yield any discernible impact. How - ever, it was affected by the onset of the COVID-19 pan-demic, which limits our ability to draw conclusions about intervention effectiveness. Evaluations with pupils offer several considerations for future improvements. Med Probl Perform Art 2023;38(2):71-79.
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| 100. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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