| 51. |
- Strunk, T., et al.
(författare)
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Infection-induced inflammation and cerebral injury in preterm infants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lancet Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1473-3099. ; 14:8, s. 751-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preterm birth and infectious diseases are the most common causes of neonatal and early childhood deaths worldwide. The rates of preterm birth have increased over recent decades and account for 11% of all births worldwide. Preterm infants are at significant risk of severe infection in early life and throughout childhood. Bacteraemia, inflammation, or both during the neonatal period in preterm infants is associated with adverse outcomes, induding death, chronic lung disease, and neurodevelopmental impairment. Recent studies suggest that bacteraemia could trigger cerebral injury even without penetration of viable bacteria into the CNS. Here we review available evidence that supports the concept of a strong association between bacteraemia, inflammation, and cerebral injury in preterm infants, with an emphasis on the underlying biological mechanisms, clinical correlates, and translational opportunities.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Tarnas, Maia C, et al.
(författare)
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Communicable diseases in northwest Syria in the context of protracted armed conflict and earthquakes
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; , s. 1-5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria in February, 2023, have caused further devastation in northwest Syria—an area already affected by protracted armed conflict, mass forced displacement, and inadequate health and humanitarian provision. The earthquake damaged infrastructure supporting water, sanitation, and hygiene, and health-care facilities. The disruptions to epidemiological surveillance and ongoing disease control measures resulting from the earthquake will accelerate and expand ongoing and new outbreaks of many communicable diseases including measles, cholera, tuberculosis, and leishmaniasis. Investing in existing early warning and response network activities in the area is essential. Antimicrobial resistance, which had already been an increasing concern in Syria before the earthquake, will also be exacerbated given the high number of traumatic injuries and breakdown of antimicrobial stewardship, and the collapse of infection prevention and control measures. Tackling communicable diseases in this setting requires multisectoral collaboration at the human–animal–environment nexus given the effect of the earthquakes on all these sectors. Without this collaboration, communicable disease outbreaks will further strain the already overburdened health system and cause further harm to the population.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Unemo, Magnus, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexually transmitted infections : challenges ahead
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 17:8, s. e235-e279
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- WHO estimated that nearly 1 million people become infected every day with any of four curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs): chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. Despite their high global incidence, STIs remain a neglected area of research. In this Commission, we have prioritised five areas that represent particular challenges in STI treatment and control. Chlamydia remains the most commonly diagnosed bacterial STI in high-income countries despite widespread testing recommendations, sensitive and specific non-invasive testing techniques, and cheap effective therapy. We discuss the challenges for chlamydia control and evidence to support a shift from the current focus on infection-based screening to improved management of diagnosed cases and of chlamydial morbidity, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is globally recognised. We review current and potential future control and treatment strategies, with a focus on novel antimicrobials. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder in women, but current treatments are associated with frequent recurrence. Recurrence after treatment might relate to evidence that suggests sexual transmission is integral to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, which has substantial implications for the development of effective management approaches. STIs disproportionately affect low-income and middle-income countries. We review strategies for case management, focusing on point-of-care tests that hold considerable potential for improving STI control. Lastly, STIs in men who have sex with men have increased since the late 1990s. We discuss the contribution of new biomedical HIV prevention strategies and risk compensation. Overall, this Commission aims to enhance the understanding of some of the key challenges facing the field of STIs, and outlines new approaches to improve the clinical management of STIs and public health.
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| 60. |
- van Griensven, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The status of combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis : an updated review
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 24:1, s. e36-e46
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past 15 years, trials of combination therapy options for visceral leishmaniasis have been conducted with the aim of identifying effective, and safe treatment regimens that were shorter than existing monotherapy regimens and could also prevent or delay the emergence of drug resistance. Although first-line treatment currently relies on combination therapy in east Africa, this is not true in Latin America owing to disappointing trial results, with lower than expected efficacy seen for the combination treatment group. By contrast, several effective combination therapy regimens have been identified through trials on the Indian subcontinent; yet, first-line therapy is still AmBisome monotherapy as the drug is part of a free donation programme and is highly effective in this region. Achieving a short all-oral combination treatment will require new chemical entities, several of which are currently under evaluation. Future studies should systematically include pharmacological substudies to ensure optimal dosing for all patient groups. To achieve maximal impact of new combination treatments, mechanisms to ensure drug availability and access after trials should be established. Enhancing the longevity of current and novel treatments will require effective systems for early detection of emerging drug resistance.
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| 61. |
- Vapalahti, O, et al.
(författare)
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Hantavirus infections in Europe
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Lancet. Infectious diseases. - 1473-3099. ; 3:10, s. 653-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 62. |
- Vapalahti, O, et al.
(författare)
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Hantavirus infections in Europe
- 2003
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Ingår i: LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES. - 1473-3099. ; 3:12, s. 753-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 63. |
- Vial, Pablo A., et al.
(författare)
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Hantavirus in humans : a review of clinical aspects and management
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 23:9, s. e371-e382
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hantavirus infections are part of the broad group of viral haemorrhagic fevers. They are also recognised as a distinct model of an emergent zoonotic infection with a global distribution. Many factors influence their epidemiology and transmission, such as climate, environment, social development, ecology of rodent hosts, and human behaviour in endemic regions. Transmission to humans occurs by exposure to infected rodents in endemic areas; however, Andes hantavirus is unique in that it can be transmitted from person to person. As hantaviruses target endothelial cells, they can affect diverse organ systems; increased vascular permeability is central to pathogenesis. The main clinical syndromes associated with hantaviruses are haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is endemic in Europe and Asia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which is endemic in the Americas. HCPS and HFRS are separate clinical entities, but they share several features and have many overlapping symptoms, signs, and pathogenic alterations. For HCPS in particular, clinical outcomes are highly associated with early clinical suspicion, access to rapid diagnostic testing or algorithms for presumptive diagnosis, and prompt transfer to a facility with critical care units. No specific effective antiviral treatment is available.
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| 64. |
- Vial, Pablo A, et al.
(författare)
-
Hantavirus in humans: a review of clinical aspects and management
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 23:9, s. e371-e382
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hantavirus infections are part of the broad group of viral haemorrhagic fevers. They are also recognised as a distinct model of an emergent zoonotic infection with a global distribution. Many factors influence their epidemiology and transmission, such as climate, environment, social development, ecology of rodent hosts, and human behaviour in endemic regions. Transmission to humans occurs by exposure to infected rodents in endemic areas; however, Andes hantavirus is unique in that it can be transmitted from person to person. As hantaviruses target endothelial cells, they can affect diverse organ systems; increased vascular permeability is central to pathogenesis. The main clinical syndromes associated with hantaviruses are haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is endemic in Europe and Asia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which is endemic in the Americas. HCPS and HFRS are separate clinical entities, but they share several features and have many overlapping symptoms, signs, and pathogenic alterations. For HCPS in particular, clinical outcomes are highly associated with early clinical suspicion, access to rapid diagnostic testing or algorithms for presumptive diagnosis, and prompt transfer to a facility with critical care units. No specific effective antiviral treatment is available.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Wilder-Smith, Annelies, et al.
(författare)
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The elusive global burden of dengue
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 16:6, s. 629-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 67. |
- Wilhelmsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of a novel Lyme borreliosis pathogen.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 16:5, s. 511-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 68. |
- Woodhall, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Advancing the public health applications of Chlamydia trachomatis serology
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 18:12, s. E399-E407
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection. Trachoma is caused by ocular infection with C trachomatis and is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. New serological assays for C trachomatis could facilitate improved understanding of C trachomatis epidemiology and prevention. C trachomatis serology offers a means of investigating the incidence of chlamydia infection and might be developed as a biomarker of scarring sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, serological assays have potential as epidemiological tools to quantify unmet need, inform service planning, evaluate interventions including screening and treatment, and to assess new vaccine candidates. However, questions about the performance characteristics and interpretation of C trachomatis serological assays remain, which must be addressed to advance development within this field. In this Personal View, we explore the available information about C trachomatis serology and propose several priority actions. These actions involve development of target product profiles to guide assay selection and assessment across multiple applications and populations, establishment of a serum bank to facilitate assay development and evaluation, and development of technical and statistical methods for assay evaluation and analysis of serological findings. The field of C trachomatis serology will benefit from collaboration across the public health community to align technological developments with their potential applications.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
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| 71. |
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| 72. |
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