| 51. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
Search for supersymmetry at root s=13 TeV in final states with jets and two same-sign leptons or three leptons with the ATLAS detector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 76:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles is conducted using signatures involving multiple energetic jets and either two isolated leptons (e or mu) with the same electric charge or at least three isolated leptons. The search also utilises b-tagged jets, missing transverse momentum and other observables to extend its sensitivity. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb(-1). No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in several simplified supersymmetric models and extend the exclusion limits from previous searches. In the context of exclusive production and simplified decay modes, gluino masses are excluded at 95% confidence level up to 1.1-1.3 TeV for light neutralinos (depending on the decay channel), and bottom squark masses are also excluded up to 540 GeV. In the former scenarios, neutralino masses are also excluded up to 550-850 GeV for gluino masses around 1 TeV.
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| 52. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
Search for the production of single vector-like and excited quarks in the Wt final state in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for vector-like quarks and excited quarks in events containing a top quark and a W boson in the final state is reported here. The search is based on 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data taken at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Events with one or two leptons, and one, two or three jets are selected with the additional requirement that at least one jet contains a b-quark. Single-lepton events are also required to contain at least one large-radius jet from the hadronic decay of a high-PT W boson or a top quark. No significant excess over the expected background is observed and upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio for different vector-like quark and excited-quark model masses are derived. For the excited-quark production and decay to Wt with unit couplings, quarks with masses below 1500 GeV are excluded and coupling-dependent limits are set.
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| 53. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
Search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a tau pair in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 93:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson with the decay H -> tau tau is presented. The data correspond to 20.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data agree with the background expectation, and 95% confidence-level upper limits are placed on the cross section of this process. The observed (expected) limit, expressed in terms of the signal strength mu= sigma/sigma(SM) for m(H) = 125 GeV, is mu < 5.6 (3.7). The measured value of the signal strength is mu = 2.3 +/- 1.6.
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| 54. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
Test of CP invariance in vector-boson fusion production of the Higgs boson using the Optimal Observable method in the ditau decay channel with the ATLAS detector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 76:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A test of CP invariance in Higgs boson production via vector-boson fusion using the method of the Optimal Observable is presented. The analysis exploits the decay mode of the Higgs boson into a pair of t leptons and is based on 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Contributions from CP-violating interactions between the Higgs boson and electroweak gauge bosons are described in an effective field theory framework, in which the strength of CP violation is governed by a single parameter (d) over tilde. The mean values and distributions of CP-odd observables agree with the expectation in the Standard Model and show no sign of CP violation. The CP-mixing parameter (d) over tilde is constrained to the interval (-0.11, 0.05) at 68% confidence level, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of (d) over tilde = 0.
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| 55. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector during 2011 data taking
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 76:October
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of the jet trigger for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the 2011 data taking period is described. During 2011 the LHC provided proton-proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions with a 2.76 TeV per nucleon-nucleon collision energy. The ATLAS trigger is a three level system designed to reduce the rate of events from the 40 MHz nominal maximum bunch crossing rate to the approximate 400 Hz which can be written to offline storage. The ATLAS jet trigger is the primary means for the online selection of events containing jets. Events are accepted by the trigger if they contain one or more jets above some transverse energy threshold. During 2011 data taking the jet trigger was fully efficient for jets with transverse energy above 25 GeV for triggers seeded randomly at Level 1. For triggers which require a jet to be identified at each of the three trigger levels, full efficiency is reached for offline jets with transverse energy above 60 GeV. Jets reconstructed in the final trigger level and corresponding to offline jets with transverse energy greater than 60 GeV, are reconstructed with a resolution in transverse energy with respect to offline jets, of better than 4 % in the central region and better than 2.5 % in the forward direction.
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| 56. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
Topological cell clustering in the ATLAS calorimeters and its performance in LHC Run 1
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 77:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reconstruction of the signal from hadrons and jets emerging from the proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and entering the ATLAS calorimeters is based on a three-dimensional topological clustering of individual calorimeter cell signals. The cluster formation follows cell signal-significance patterns generated by electromagnetic and hadronic showers. In this, the clustering algorithm implicitly performs a topological noise suppression by removing cells with insignificant signals which are not in close proximity to cells with significant signals. The resulting topological cell clusters have shape and location information, which is exploited to apply a local energy calibration and corrections depending on the nature of the cluster. Topological cell clustering is established as a well-performing calorimeter signal definition for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction in ATLAS.
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| 57. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
-
y Identification of boosted, hadronically decaying W bosons and comparisons with ATLAS data taken at root s=8 TeV
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 76:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports a detailed study of techniques for identifying boosted, hadronically decaying W bosons using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 8 TeV. A range of techniques for optimising the signal jet mass resolution are combined with various jet substructure variables. The results of these studies in Monte Carlo simulations show that a simple pairwise combination of groomed jet mass and one substructure variable can provide a 50 % efficiency for identifying W bosons with transverse momenta larger than 200 GeV while maintaining multijet background efficiencies of 2-4% for jets with the same transverse momentum. These signal and background efficiencies are confirmed in data for a selection of tagging techniques.
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| 58. |
- Andersson, Pernilla, 1969-
(författare)
-
The Responsible Business Person : Studies of business education for sustainability
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Calls for the inclusion of sustainable development in the business curriculum have increased significantly in the wake of the financial crisis and increased concerns around climate change. This has led to the appearance of new initiatives and the development of new teaching approaches. This thesis explores business education at the upper secondary school level in Sweden following the inclusion of the concept of sustainable development in the curriculum. Drawing on poststructuralist discourse theory, the overarching purpose is to identify the roles of a responsible business person that are articulated in business education and to discuss how these roles could enable students to address sustainability issues. The thesis consists of four studies, based on textbook analyses, teacher interviews and classroom observations. Three categories of roles have been identified, implying that a business person is expected to either adapt to, add or create ethical values. These three categories are compared with the roles indicated in the environmental discourses constructed by Dryzek and the responsibility regimes developed by Pellizzoni. Drawing on Dryzek’s and Pellizzoni’s reasoning about which qualities are important for addressing sustainability issues, it is concluded that the roles identified in the studies could mean that students are unequipped (the adapting role), ill-equipped (the adding role) or better equipped (the creating role) to address uncertain and complex sustainability issues. The articles include empirical examples that illustrate how and in which situations specific roles are articulated, privileged or taken up. The examples also indicate how the scope for business students’ subjectivities are facilitated or hampered. It is suggested that the illustrative empirical examples could be used for critical reflection in order to enhance students’capabilities of addressing uncertain and complex sustainability issues and to improve educational quality in terms of scope for subjectivity.
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| 59. |
- Aurell, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
-
Mikroplaster : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om källor till mikroplaster och förslag på åtgärder för minskade utsläpp i Sverige
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I augusti 2015 fick Naturvårdsverket i uppdrag från regeringen att identifiera viktigare källor i Sverige till utsläpp av mikroplaster till havet och verka för att reducera utsläppen från dessa källor. I den här rapporten redovisar Naturvårdsverket uppdraget. Vi presenterar resultaten från den första, övergripande kartläggningen av källor till och spridning av mikroplaster i Sverige, en bedömning av vilka av de kartlagda källorna som primärt bör åtgärdas samt vilka steg som behöver tas för att förebygga utsläpp och minska spridning av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag från dessa källor.Förekomsten av mikroplast i den marina miljön har uppmärksammats allt mer under senare år, inte minst på global nivå. Mikroplast är ett samlingsnamn för små, små plastfragment (1 nm till 5 mm). De mikroplaster som hittats i världshaven, men även i sötvattensystem, har olika ursprung. Mikroplast kan bildas oavsiktligt när plastföremål slits och plastpartiklar frigörs, eller när vi inte återanvänder, återvinner eller slänger plastmaterial på rätt sätt utan plasten blir skräp som succesivt bryts ned till mindre och mindre bitar i naturen. Det finns också plast som från början tillverkas som små pellets eller korn.Utgångspunkten för arbetet har varit miljökvalitetsmålen Hav i balans samt levande kust och Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt målet om Giftfri miljö. Reduceradeutsläpp av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag bidrar till att nå dessa mål.Uppdraget har genomförts av Naturvårdsverket i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, andra berörda myndigheter, samt med deltagande av berörda organisationer och andra intressenter mellan augusti 2015 och maj 2017. Slutsatserna är Naturvårdsverkets egna.
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| 60. |
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| 61. |
- BRYNGEMARK, LENE, et al.
(författare)
-
A search for an excited muon decaying to a muon and two jets in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 18:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anew search signature for excited leptons is explored. Excited muons are sought in the channel pp → μμ∗→ μμ jet jet, assuming both the production and decay occur via a contact interaction. The analysis is based on 20.3 fb-1 of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV taken with the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. No evidence of excited muons is found, and limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the cross section times branching ratio as a function of the excited-muonmass μμ∗. For μμ∗between 1.3 and 3.0 TeV, the upper limit on φB (μ∗→ μqq) is between 0.6 and 1 fb. Limits on sB are converted to lower bounds on the compositeness scale. In the limiting case L = μμ∗, excitedmuonswith amass below2.8 TeVare excluded.With the samemodel assumptions, these limits at larger μ∗masses improve upon previous limits fromtraditional searches based on the gauge-mediated decay μ∗→ μγ. © 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Ganesh, Divya, et al.
(författare)
-
Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders and Cancer Transformation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:6, s. 3223-3229
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer in the oral cavity is often preceded by precursor lesions. Nine oral mucosal disorders are known to have an increased risk of malignant transformation. The etiology varies from disorders caused by exogenous factors such as tobacco and autoimmune inflammation to idiopathic or inherited genetic aberrations. In this review, these potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are described regarding clinical presentation and histopathological architecture. Special attention is paid to the underlying etiologies of PMDs and the potential pathways leading to cancer. The clinical perspective focuses on the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Robledo-Sierra, Jairo, et al.
(författare)
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Oral lichen sclerosus: an overview and report of three cases
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0901-5027. ; 47:12, s. 1550-1556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lichen sclerosus is an unusual, chronically relapsing mucocutaneous disease that usually afflicts the anogenital region. Oral lesions of lichen sclerosus are rare, with only 36 histologically verified cases reported to date. The classic histopathologic findings of oral lichen sclerosus include: an area of subepithelial hyalinization, loss of elastic fibres, and band-like mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Despite its rarity, oral lichen sclerosus should be included in the differential diagnosis of porcelain- or ivory-white macules. Here we present three new cases of oral lichen sclerosus. A review of these cases and the previously reported cases revealed that oral lichen sclerosus is slightly more common in women and can affect individuals of any age. Oral lesions of lichen sclerosus usually do not require treatment, except when there are significant symptoms or aesthetic complaint. Almost 50% of the patients with oral lichen sclerosus present with extraoral manifestations. Thus, referral to a dermatologist and a gynaecologist is advised. Although no cases of malignant transformation of oral lichen sclerosus have been reported, regular, long-term follow-up of patients with oral lichen sclerosus is indicated.
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Stenman, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Degree of differentiation of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison between a Swedish cohort of organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Dermatology practical & conceptual. - : Mattioli1885. - 2160-9381. ; 8:4, s. 330-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a very high risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Immunosuppressed OTRs may have a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cSCC than non-OTRs.The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of differentiation of cSCCs in OTRs compared with immunocompetent individuals.Data from the Swedish Cancer Registry were crosschecked with data from the Transplant registry of the Transplant Institute at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. All OTRs with a diagnosis of cSCC, basosquamous carcinoma, and/or cSCC in situ established at the Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, during 2002-2015 were included. The control group consisted of non-OTRs with the same diagnoses during the same time period.During 2002-2015, 82 OTRs diagnosed with 515 tumors and 883 non-OTRs with 1,247 tumors were included. OTRs developed 0.47 tumors/year vs 0.10 tumors/year for non-OTRs, but no significant differences were observed in the degree of tumor differentiation of invasive cSCCs between OTRs and non-OTRs (P = 0.4). The distribution of poorly, moderately, and well-differentiated invasive cSCCs among OTRs and non-OTRs were 8.5% vs 12.5%, 22.1% vs 29.9%, and 69.4% vs 57.6%, respectively.OTRs do not develop a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cSCCs than non-OTRs.
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| 69. |
- Sukma Dewi, Ihdina, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of serum MiR-142-3p and MiR-101-3p levels with acute cellular rejection after heart transplantation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identifying non-invasive and reliable blood-derived biomarkers for early detection of acute cellular rejection in heart transplant recipients is of great importance in clinical practice. MicroRNAs are small molecules found to be stable in serum and their expression patterns reflect both physiological and underlying pathological conditions in human. Methods: We compared a group of heart transplant recipients with histologically-verified acute cellular rejection (ACR, n = 26) with a control group of heart transplant recipients without allograft rejection (NR, n = 37) by assessing the levels of a select set of microRNAs in serum specimens. Results: The levels of seven microRNAs, miR-142-3p, miR-101-3p, miR-424-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-339-3p and miR-326 were significantly higher in ACR group compared to the control group and could discriminate between patients with and without allograft rejection. MiR-142-3p and miR-101-3p had the best diagnostic test performance among the microRNAs tested. Serum levels of miR-142-3p and miR-101-3p were independent of calcineurin inhibitor levels, as measured by tacrolimus and cyclosporin; kidney function, as measured by creatinine level, and general inflammation state, as measured by CRP level. Conclusion: This study demonstrated two microRNAs, miR-142-3p and miR-101-3p, that could be relevant as non-invasive diagnostic tools for identifying heart transplant patients with acute cellular rejection.
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| 70. |
- Sukma Dewi, Ihdina, et al.
(författare)
-
Exosomal miR-142-3p is increased during cardiac allograft rejection and augments vascular permeability through down-regulation of endothelial RAB11FIP2 expression
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cardiovascular Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1755-3245 .- 0008-6363. ; 113:5, s. 440-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Exosome-mediated microRNA transfer is a recently discovered mode of cell-to-cell communication, in which microRNAs act as paracrine molecules, exerting their regulatory effects in recipient cells. T cells and endothelial cells are two main players in the mechanism of acute cellular cardiac rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomal microRNAs in the crosstalk between T cells and endothelial cells and its implications for the molecular mechanisms that drive acute cellular rejection in heart transplantation.METHODS AND RESULTS: Exosomes isolated from serum samples of heart transplant patients with and without acute cardiac allograft rejection were profiled and showed enrichment of miR-142-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-339-3p and miR-21-5p. Treatment of endothelial cells with the respected serum exosomes resulted the increased of miR-142-3p level in endothelial cells. Using T cells isolated from healthy donors and activated with either anti-CD3/CD28 antibody or IL-2/PHA, we could show that miR-142-3p is released from activated cells, is contained in exosomes and can be transferred to human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Transcriptome analysis of endothelial cells treated with activated T cell supernatant with or without exosomes was used to identify mRNA targets of transferred miR-142-3-p. Overexpression of miR-142-3p in endothelial cells resulted in a significant down-regulation of RAB11FIP2, and interaction of miR-142-3p with its predicted target site was confirmed with a reporter assay. Moreover, treatment of endothelial cells with serum exosomes from heart transplant patients with acute cellular rejection resulted in down-regulation of RAB11FIP2 expression and increase in vascular endothelial permeability.CONCLUSION: We have identified a novel mechanism whereby miR-142-3p, a microRNA enriched in exosomes during acute cellular rejection, is transferred to endothelial cells and compromises endothelial barrier function via down-regulation of RAB11FIP2. This study sheds new light on the interaction between host immune system and cardiac allograft endothelium during acute cellular rejection.
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| 71. |
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| 72. |
- Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Testing of p16 Tumour-suppressor Protein and Human Papillomavirus in Patients With Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 1791-7530 .- 0250-7005. ; 39:3, s. 1293-1300
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant oral mucosal disorder. A casual association between OL, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been suggested, but no conclusive evidence has been presented. p16, a tumour-suppressor protein, is used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate how overexpression of p16 correlates with HPV infection in OL and in OSCC.Seventy-four patients with OL and 13 with OSCC with p16 overexpressed, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry visualizing p16 and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 56, 58 and 59.Overexpression of p16 was observed in 18% of patients with OL. None of the HPV subtypes were detected by PCR analysis in patients with OL. In the p16-positive OSCC specimens, 38% were also HPV16-positive.Overexpression of p16 was not found to be a reliable biomarker for HPV infection in patients with OL and OSCC.
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| 73. |
- Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Recurrence rates after surgical removal of oral leukoplakia-A prospective longitudinal multi-centre study.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant oral disorder. The Gold Standard treatment is to remove surgically the OL. Despite optimal surgery, the recurrence rates are estimated to be 30%. The reason for this is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical factors that correlate with recurrence after surgical removal of OL. In a prospective study data were collected from 226 patients with OL. Forty-six patients were excluded due to incomplete records or concomitant presence of other oral mucosal diseases. Overall, 180 patients proceeded to analysis (94 women and 86 men; mean age, 62 years; age range, 28-92 years). Clinical data, such as gender, diagnosis (homogeneous/non-homogeneous leukoplakia), location, size, tobacco and alcohol use, verified histopathological diagnosis, and clinical photograph, were obtained. In patients who were eligible for surgery, the OL was surgically removed with a margin. To establish recurrence, a healthy mucosa between the surgery and recurrence had to be confirmed in the records or clinical photographs. Statistical analysis was performed with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Of the 180 patients diagnosed with OL, 57% (N = 103) underwent surgical removal in toto. Recurrence was observed in 43 OL. The cumulative incidence of recurrence of OL was 45% after 4 years and 49% after 5 years. Fifty-six percent (N = 23) of the non-homogeneous type recurred. Among snuff-users 73% (N = 8) cases of OL recurred. A non-homogeneous type of OL and the use of snuff were significantly associated with recurrence after surgical excision (P = 0.021 and P = 0.003, respectively). Recurrence was also significantly associated with cancer transformation (P<0.001). No significant differences were found between recurrence and any of the following: dysplasia, site of lesion, size, multiple vs. solitary OL, gender, age, use of alcohol or smoking. In conclusion, clinical factors that predict recurrence of OL are non-homogeneous type and use of snuff.
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| 74. |
- Zetterqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Is Activated in the Endothelium of Retinal Microvessels in Diabetic Mice.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6753 .- 2314-6745. ; 2015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear but hyperglycemia is an established risk factor. Endothelial dysfunction and changes in Ca(2+) signaling have been shown to precede the onset of DR. We recently demonstrated that high extracellular glucose activates the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT in cerebral arteries and aorta, promoting the expression of inflammatory markers. Here we show, using confocal immunofluorescence, that NFAT is expressed in the endothelium of retinal microvessels and is readily activated by high glucose. This was inhibited by the NFAT blocker A-285222 as well as by the ectonucleotidase apyrase, suggesting a mechanism involving the release of extracellular nucleotides. Acute hyperglycemia induced by an IP-GTT (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test) resulted in increased NFATc3 nuclear accumulation and NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity in retinal vessels of NFAT-luciferase reporter mice. In both Akita (Ins2(+/-) ) and streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice, NFAT transcriptional activity was elevated in retinal vessels. In vivo inhibition of NFAT with A-285222 decreased the expression of OPN and ICAM-1 mRNA in retinal vessels, prevented a diabetes driven downregulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in retina, and abrogated the increased vascular permeability observed in diabetic mice. Results identify NFAT signaling as a putative target for treatment of microvascular complications in diabetes.
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| 75. |
- Öhman, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Oral and lip cancer in solid organ transplant patients--a cohort study from a Swedish Transplant Centre.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Oral oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0593 .- 1368-8375. ; 51:2, s. 146-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous large studies have shown that solid organ transplant (SOT) patients have an increased risk of developing malignancies. Few studies have compared the prognosis for SOT patients who develop cancer with that of non-transplanted cancer patients. In this study we have investigated the increased risk of oral and lip cancer in SOT patients and also compared the relative survival between SOT patients and non-SOT patients with oral and lip cancer.
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| 76. |
- Öhman, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Patients' experiences of living with superior canal dehiscence syndrome
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 57:11, s. 825-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study investigated how the symptoms of superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) affected patients in their daily life, and how patients coped with the disease.Design: This was a qualitative study; semi-structured interviews were performed and analysed according to the systematic text condensation method.Study sample: Twelve of 13 identified patients with SCDS in the county of Norrbotten, Sweden, were included in the study.Results: Five main categories were created based on the patients' experiences of living with SCDS: (1) Experiencing strange symptoms: One "new" symptom was identified - mental fatigue. (2) A restricted life socially, physically and at work: All patients experienced some extent of limitation in their daily life. (3) To accept and to protect oneself: All patients had developed strategies to protect their ears from noise. (4) Misunderstood in health care: The diagnosis was sometimes delayed several years due to lack of knowledge among healthcare workers. (5) Carefully considering treatment (surgery): Symptoms were weighed against the risk of side effects.Conclusions: SCDS was rendered an invisible disability. In the present study, we identified mental fatigue as a symptom not previously considered in the literature.
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| 77. |
- Öhman, Jenny
(författare)
-
Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral cancer -A study on Immunosurveillance
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACT The cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis postulates that the immune system can recognize cancer cell precursors and destroy those cells before a clinical manifestation occurs. During the last decades several groups have presented evidence of the influence and role of immune activation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients; however, much less is known about the role of immune activation in potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD). OSCC may be preceded by a PMOD. Two of the most common PMODs in the Western population are oral leukoplakia (LPL), defined as a predominantly white patch in the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized as any other definable lesion, and oral lichen planus (OLP) defined as a chronic inflammation in the oral mucosa manifested as bilateral white hyperkeratotic striations with or without erythema, ulceration, bullae or plaque. The general aim of this thesis was to characterize the immune response in PMODs and oral cancer and to relate immune response to malignant transformation. Another aim was to address whether long-term immunosuppression in a large cohort of solid organ transplant (SOT) patients predisposes for cancer in the oral cavity and lip. In papers I–III clinical data and biopsy specimens were analysed from patients with OLP and healthy oral mucosa (I), patients with LPL with and without dysplasia and OSCC (II) and those with LPL with dysplasia with (LPL-ca) or without (LPL-dys) malignant transformation (III). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect different cell types of interest, in particular, subtypes of dendritic Langerhans cells (LCs) and T cells. In paper IV a cohort of SOT patients were correlated with the Swedish Cancer Register for prevalence of oral and lip cancer and compared with the prevalence in the Swedish population. Overall 5-year survival in SOT patients with oral and lip cancer was compared to an age- and gender-matched control group with oral and lip cancer without previous SOT. In paper I the results showed that OLP patients had a significantly higher number of dendritic Langerhans cells (LCs) in the epithelium and the connective tissue than in healthy control patients. Also, cells with dendritic morphology and expressing the maturation marker CD83 were found in clusters with lymphocytes in the connective tissue. In paper II the results showed that both cytotoxic T cells and dendritic Langerhans cells were significantly increased in connective tissue in LPL with dysplasia compared to LPL without dysplasia, indicating an immune response to cells with cell dysplasia. In OSCC, the influx of T cells and LCs was increased almost a thousand-fold compared to LPL. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a co-localization of LCs and T cells in LPL with dysplasia and OSCC, indicating possible immune activation In paper III quantitative analyses showed that patients with LPL displaying cell dysplasia that transformed into OSCC had lower numbers of T cells than a group of patients with LPL with dysplasia that did not transform into OSCC during the observation period. In paper IV the results showed a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) that was increased for both oral (SIR: 6.3) and lip cancer (SIR: 43.7) in SOT patients compared to non-SOT patients. Also, the overall 5-year survival was decreased for lip cancer in SOT patients compared to non-SOT lip cancer patients. To conclude the findings in papers I, II and III, evidence of immunosurveillance in PMOD and OSCC are presented. After long-standing immunosuppression in patients with SOT there is an increased risk for both lip and oral cancer, and the overall survival for patients with lip cancer is also negatively affected. The concept of immunosurveillance originally proposed by Dunn et al. in 2004 is well in line with the findings in this thesis of PMOD and oral cancer.
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- Öhman, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of CD3-Positive T-Cells in Oral Premalignant Leukoplakia Indicates Prevention of Cancer Transformation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005. ; 35:1, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Leukoplakias (LPLs) are lesions in the oral mucosa that have a potential to transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). As the degree of immunosurveillance may be important for this transformation to occur, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of immune cells in LPLs with dysplasia in relation to later development of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Biopsies from 16 patients with clinical diagnosis of LPL and histopathological diagnosis of hyperkeratosis with dysplasia were immunostained with antibodies to detect CD3(+) T cells, CD1a(+) LCs, Ki-67(+) and p53-expressing cells. Patients were divided into two groups: LPL with dysplasia that transformed into OSCC (LPL-dys) and that which did not (LPL-ca). Results: Quantitative analyses showed significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T-cells in LPL-ca than in LPL-dys. No significant differences were detected when comparing LPL-dys and LPL-ca regarding CD1a(+), p53(+) and Ki-67(+) cells. Conclusion: The number of CD3-expressing T-cells may be important for preventing malignant transformation of LPL.
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