| 51. |
- Wilson, Stephanie J., et al.
(författare)
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Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Limnology And Oceanography Letters. - 2378-2242.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terrestrial groundwater travels through subterranean estuaries before reaching the sea. Groundwater-derived nutrients drive coastal water quality, primary production, and eutrophication. We determined how dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are transformed within subterranean estuaries and estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient loads compiling > 10,000 groundwater samples from 216 sites worldwide. Nutrients exhibited complex, nonconservative behavior in subterranean estuaries. Fresh groundwater DIN and DIP are usually produced, and DON is consumed during transport. Median total SGD (saline and fresh) fluxes globally were 5.4, 2.6, and 0.18 Tmol yr−1 for DIN, DON, and DIP, respectively. Despite large natural variability, total SGD fluxes likely exceed global riverine nutrient export. Fresh SGD is a small source of new nutrients, but saline SGD is an important source of mostly recycled nutrients. Nutrients exported via SGD via subterranean estuaries are critical to coastal biogeochemistry and a significant nutrient source to the oceans.
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| 52. |
- Wright, SC, et al.
(författare)
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A conserved molecular switch in Class F receptors regulates receptor activation and pathway selection
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 667-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Class F receptors are considered valuable therapeutic targets due to their role in human disease, but structural changes accompanying receptor activation remain unexplored. Employing population and cancer genomics data, structural analyses, molecular dynamics simulations, resonance energy transfer-based approaches and mutagenesis, we identify a conserved basic amino acid in TM6 in Class F receptors that acts as a molecular switch to mediate receptor activation. Across all tested Class F receptors (FZD4,5,6,7, SMO), mutation of the molecular switch confers an increased potency of agonists by stabilizing an active conformation as assessed by engineered mini G proteins as conformational sensors. Disruption of the switch abrogates the functional interaction between FZDs and the phosphoprotein Dishevelled, supporting conformational selection as a prerequisite for functional selectivity. Our studies reveal the molecular basis of a common activation mechanism conserved in all Class F receptors, which facilitates assay development and future discovery of Class F receptor-targeting drugs.
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| 53. |
- Babu, H, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Metabolic Signature and Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals on Long-Term Successful Antiretroviral Therapy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 9:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted metabolomics studies reported metabolic abnormalities in both treated and untreated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV). The present study aimed to understand the plasma metabolomic changes and predicted the risk of accelerated aging in PLHIV on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a case-control study setting and its association with the plasma proteomics biomarkers of inflammation and neurological defects. Plasma samples were obtained from PLHIV on successful long-term ART for more than five years (n = 22) and matched HIV-negative healthy individuals (n = 22, HC herein). Untargeted metabolite profiling was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Plasma proteomics profiling was performed using proximity extension assay targeting 184 plasma proteins. A total of 250 metabolites differed significantly (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) between PLHIV and HC. Plasma levels of several essential amino acids except for histidine, branched-chain amino acids, and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) were significantly lower in PLHIV compared to HC. Machine-learning prediction of metabolite changes indicated a higher risk of inflammatory and neurological diseases in PLHIV. Metabolic abnormalities were observed in amino-acid levels, energetics, and phospholipids and complex lipids, which may reflect known differences in lipoprotein levels in PLHIV that can resemble metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Batchelor, Timothy J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery : recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Springer. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 55:1, s. 91-115
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhanced recovery after surgery is well established in specialties such as colorectal surgery. It is achieved through the introduction of multiple evidence-based perioperative measures that aim to diminish postoperative organ dysfunction while facilitating recovery. This review aims to present consensus recommendations for the optimal perioperative management of patients undergoing thoracic surgery (principally lung resection). A systematic review of meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, large non-randomized studies and reviews was conducted for each protocol element. Smaller prospective and retrospective cohort studies were considered only when higher-level evidence was unavailable. The quality of the evidence base was graded by the authors and used to form consensus recommendations for each topic. Development of these recommendations was endorsed by the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Society and the European Society for Thoracic Surgery. Recommendations were developed for a total of 45 enhanced recovery items covering topics related to preadmission, admission, intraoperative care and postoperative care. Most are based on good-quality studies. In some instances, good-quality data were not available, and subsequent recommendations are generic or based on data extrapolated from other specialties. In other cases, no recommendation can currently be made because either equipoise exists or there is a lack of available evidence. Recommendations are based not only on the quality of the evidence but also on the balance between desirable and undesirable effects. Key recommendations include preoperative counselling, nutritional screening, smoking cessation, prehabilitation for high-risk patients, avoidance of fasting, carbohydrate loading, avoidance of preoperative sedatives, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, prevention of hypothermia, short-acting anaesthetics to facilitate early emergence, regional anaesthesia, nausea and vomiting control, opioid-sparing analgesia, euvolemic fluid management, minimally invasive surgery, early chest drain removal, avoidance of urinary catheters and early mobilization after surgery. These guidelines outline recommendations for the perioperative management of patients undergoing lung surgery based on the best available evidence. As the recommendation grade for most of the elements is strong, the use of a systematic perioperative care pathway has the potential to improve outcomes after surgery.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Dhanabalan, D., et al.
(författare)
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Studies on Schottky Barrier Diodes Fabricated using Single-Crystal Wafers of β-Ga2O3 Grown by the Optical Floating Zone Technique
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 259:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- β-Ga2O3 is one of the most promising wide-bandgap materials for optoelectronic applications as well as a conducting substrate for GaN-based device technologies. Single crystals of undoped β-Ga2O3 are grown by the optical floating zone technique utilizing compressed dry air as growth atmosphere. The properties of β-Ga2O3 are highly anisotropic. Optimization of the processing recipe for wafers along different orientations suitable for device development is conducted. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of the wafers are determined. Efforts are made to fabricate Schottky diodes based on Pt/Ti/Au–β-Ga2O3–Ti/Au device structures. Devices are fabricated on (−201) cut wafers. The device characteristics are discussed in detail.
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| 59. |
- Habainy, J., et al.
(författare)
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Study of heavy ion beam induced damage in tungsten for high power target applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 439, s. 7-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spallation material at ESS is pure tungsten, which is cooled by gaseous helium flow. To study the behaviour of tungsten under dynamic beam conditions at ESS, pure tungsten specimens have been irradiated at the M3-beamline of the UNILAC facility at GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. Tungsten specimens of two thicknesses, 26 μm and 3 mm, were exposed to pulsed uranium and gold ion beams for fluences up to 7.5 · 1013 ions·cm−2 at 4.8 MeV/nucleon. Nanoindentation tests were performed on the cross section of the irradiated 3 mm sample, and microhardness was measured on the top surface. The measured data are compared with the calculated damage values, and a correlation between the radiation induced damage and the observed mechanical property is presented. Thermal diffusivities of foil samples irradiated up to four different fluences were measured with a Laser Flash Apparatus (LFA). The observed changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of irradiated tungsten were used to estimate the changes of operational temperature and mechanical stresses in the ESS target material with the progress of radiation damage, using coupled thermal and mechanical simulations. From the pulsed beam induced dynamic oscillations of thin tungsten specimens, information on fatigue properties of tungsten under irradiation was drawn. In addition to pure tungsten, oxidised tungsten samples were irradiated. This is to investigate the stability of the adhesive oxide layer under pulsed beam conditions, which would be formed due to oxygen impurities in the helium cooling loop. The irradiated oxide scale was examined using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
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| 60. |
- Harshitha, R., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of thermo-electric power and dielectric modulus of polypyrrole/zirconium oxide-molybdenum trioxide (PZM) composites
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-482X .- 0957-4522. ; 29:8, s. 6564-6578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zirconium oxide-molybdenum trioxide doped polypyrrole composites have been synthesized in the presence of ammonium persulphate (oxidizing agent), with different 15, 30, 45 and 60 wt% of zirconium oxide-molybdenum trioxide (ZM) in pyrrole, by the chemical polymerization (oxidation) process. The polypyrrole/zirconium oxide-molybdenum trioxide (PZM) composites have exhibited crystalline nature, which has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction patterns. The Fourier transform infrared graphs show that the stretching frequencies of the composites have shifted towards the lower frequency side. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs indicate that the composites are of spherical nature and form elongated chains; an increase in the particles size when compared with polypyrrole and ZM particles is also observed. Thermo electric power and transport properties studies reveal that there is an interaction between polypyrrole and the ZM particles and the weight percents of the ZM particles have an influence on the properties of the pure polypyrrole. Studies shown that, the PZM composites are good materials in conductivity, dielectric properties, micro power generator, thermo cooling, as semiconductors as well as may be in humidity, gas and thermal sensor. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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| 61. |
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Khossossi, Nabil, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Possibility of beta-Phase Arsenic-Phosphorus Polymorph Monolayer as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advanced Theory and Simulations. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2513-0390. ; 3:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite anode have shown commercial success for over two decades, since the start of their use in commercial Li-ion batteries, due to their high practical specific capacity, conductivity, and low lithiation potential. Graphite is to a large extent thermodynamically unfavorable for sodium-ion intercalation and thus limits advancement in Na-ion batteries. In this work, a beta-phase arsenic-phosphorus monolayer is studied, which has recently been predicted to have semiconducting behavior and to be dynamically stable. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are used to explore the role of beta-AsP monolayer as a negative electrode for Na-ion batteries. Cohesive energy, phonon spectrum, and molecule dynamics simulations confirm the thermodynamic stability and the possibility of experimentally synthesizing this material. The Na-ion adsorption-energies are found to be high (>-1.2 eV) on both sides (As- and P-side). The ultra-fast energy barriers for Na (0.046/0.053 V) over both sides imply high diffusion of Na-ions on the surfaces of beta-AsP. During the evaluation of Na-ion anode performance, the fully sodiated state is found to be Na2AsP, which yields a high theoretical-specific capacity of 506.16 mAh g(-1)and low average sodiation potential of 0.43 V versus Na/Na+.
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| 66. |
- Liu, Jianling, et al.
(författare)
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Small-angle neutron scattering study on phase separation in a super duplex stainless steel at 300°C-Comparing hot-rolled and TIG welded material
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 190, s. 112044-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of nanoscale phase separation in the ferrite phase of super duplex stainless steel 25Cr 7Ni (wt%) (SDSS 2507) and two SDSS TIG (tungsten inert gas) weldments have been quantitatively investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The results show that the phase separation is more pronounced in the SDSS weldments in comparison to the base metal SDSS 2507, especially after aging for 35,000 h at 300 °C. These results correlate with the higher ferrite micro-hardness in the aged TIG weldments than in the SDSS 2507. The enhanced phase separation is partly due to the higher contents of Cr and Ni in the ferrite of TIG weldments compared to SDSS 2507 base metal, revealed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, the residual strain measurements through focused ion beam and digital image correlation (FIB-DIC), indicate larger residual strains in the ferrite of weldments than in the base metal SDSS 2507. This is also believed to contribute to the enhanced phase separation.
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| 67. |
- Mamidala, Santhosh Babu
(författare)
-
Effects of free-stream turbulence and three-dimensional roughness on boundary layer transition
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- External disturbances such as free-stream turbulence (FST), and isolated three-dimensional roughness are strong disturbance sources to the laminar boundary layers (BLs), which can lead to a rapid transition to turbulence. The transition process eventuates to increase in skin-friction coefficient and heat transfer rate and hence, both of the aforementioned disturbance sources have practical importance. The current thesis is an experimental work, with investigations carried out in low-turbulence wind-tunnels to study the influence of these disturbance sources on boundary layer transition. Today, in FST transition, it is known that the turbulence intensity and the streamwise integral length scale in the free stream are the two influential characteristics that decide the transition onset, location and the extent. Unsteady, elongated streaks in the streamwise direction dominate this scenario, whose amplitudes and spanwise scales are set by the FST conditions prevalent at the leading edge (LE). In reality, a LE is unavoidable and the influence of the inherent LE pressure gradient region on BL transition was always doubted and not investigated in detail. The first part of the current thesis explores the FST transition scenario for a wide range of FST conditions and pressure gradients providing an input to the future transition prediction models. An important result in this thesis is that the entire energy spectrum needs to be known if an accurate prediction of the transition onset is desired, i.e. the LE condition in terms of characteristic length scale and turbulence intensity is not sufficient. In the second part, isolated roughness-induced transition is investigated thoroughly by changing the roughness height in micrometer precision at various diameters. In the previous experimental studies, the investigations were performed by altering the free-stream velocity at a fixed aspect ratio and hence modifying the base flow. In contrast, here, the aspect ratio of the roughness element is altered in an extensive range and the influence of the aspect ratio on the roughness Reynolds number that causes transition is studied without affecting the base flow. Instabilities that occur prior to the transition onset were examined in detail by performing flow visualization experiments. Moreover, interaction of secondary disturbances like Tollmien-Schlichting waves with the roughness was investigated.
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| 68. |
- Moparthi, Lavanya, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium activates purified human TRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain in the absence of calmodulin
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cell Calcium. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4160 .- 1532-1991. ; 90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular influx of calcium or release of calcium from intracellular stores have been shown to activate mammalian TRPA1 as well as to sensitize and desensitize TRPA1 electrophilic activation. Calcium binding sites on both intracellular N- and C-termini have been proposed. Here, we demonstrate based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bilayer patch-clamp studies, a direct calmodulin-independent action of calcium on the purified human TRPA1 (hTRPA1), causing structural changes and activation without immediate subsequent desensitization of hTRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (N-ARD). Thus, calcium alone activates hTRPA1 by a direct interaction with binding sites outside the N-ARD.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Pandya, Sharnil, Researcher, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Federated learning for smart cities : A comprehensive survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advent of new technologies such as the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), big data, fog computing, and edge computing, smart city applications have suffered from issues, such as leakage of confidential and sensitive information. To envision smart cities, it will be necessary to integrate federated learning (FL) with smart city applications. FL integration with smart city applications can provide privacy preservation and sensitive information protection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the current and future developments of FL for smart cities. Furthermore, we highlight the societal, industrial, and technological trends driving FL for smart cities. Then, we discuss the concept of FL for smart cities, and numerous FL integrated smart city applications, including smart transportation systems, smart healthcare, smart grid, smart governance, smart disaster management, smart industries, and UAVs for smart city monitoring, as well as alternative solutions and research enhancements for the future. Finally, we outline and analyze various research challenges and prospects for the development of FL for smart cities.
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| 71. |
- Ramesh Babu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic inactivation of p62 leads to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 106:1, s. 107-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The signaling adapter p62 plays a coordinating role in mediating phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent trafficking of interacting proteins. However, there is little known about the physiologic role of this protein in brain. Here, we report age-dependent constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in adult p62(-/-) mice resulting in hyperphosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. Biochemical fractionation of p62(-/-) brain led to recovery of aggregated K63-ubiquitinated tau. Loss of p62 was manifested by increased anxiety, depression, loss of working memory, and reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Our findings reveal a novel role for p62 as a chaperone that regulates tau solubility thereby preventing tau aggregation. This study provides a clear demonstration of an Alzheimer-like phenotype in a mouse model in the absence of expression of human genes carrying mutations in amyloid-beta protein precursor, presenilin, or tau. Thus, these findings provide new insight into manifestation of sporadic Alzheimer disease and the impact of obesity.
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| 72. |
- Rao, M. Suri Appa, et al.
(författare)
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Piscidinols H-L, apotirucallane triterpenes from the leaves of Walsura trifoliata and their insecticidal activity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 71:9, s. 1431-1437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five new apotirucallane-type terpenoids, Piscidinols H-L (1-5), were isolated from the leaves of Walsura trifoliate and their structures were fully established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic (especially 20 NMR and mass) analysis. These new compounds possessed tetracyclic and acetal rings. All the new isolates were evaluated for their antifeedant activities in tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera aura) and castor semilooper (Achaea janata) using a no-choice laboratory bioassay and the test compounds (1-6) exhibited moderate insecticidal activities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 73. |
- Reddy, G V, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of banana waste for the production of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by solid substrate fermentation using two Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju)
- 2003
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Ingår i: PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY. - 0032-9592. ; 38:10, s. 1457-1462
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju, were investigated for their ability to produce various lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, lignin peroxidase, xylanase, endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (CMCase) and exo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (FP activity) on Banana agricultural waste (leaf biomass and pseudostems) at solid substrate fermentation. The production patterns of these extracellular enzymes were studied during the growth of the organisms for a period of 40 days. Both organisms exhibited similar levels of enzyme activities and pattern of production. Leaf biomass was found to be a more suitable substrate compared to pseudostems for enzyme production. Very low levels of cellulolytic enzyme activities were detected compared to lignin degrading enzymes by both the organisms. Maximum specific activities of enzymes were obtained between 10 and 20 days of culture growth.
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| 74. |
- Sainis, Salil, et al.
(författare)
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Weibull analysis of the effect of interrupted aging treatments on the fatigue life of components made of cast Aluminium alloy 354
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials Research. - : Trans Tech Publications. - 1022-6680 .- 1662-8985. - 9783037859254 ; 849, s. 223-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cast aluminum alloy 354 is widely used in the automobile industry due to its attractive set of mechanical properties and excellent castability. The compressor wheel in turbochargers, for example, is used for the production of this alloy. Apart from mechanical properties like fracture toughness and tensile strength, the fatigue life of the component is also a critical issue while considering the performance. This study makes an attempt to improve the fatigue life of a component made out of this alloy by subjecting it to interrupted aging cycles similar to T6I4 and T6I6 (discussed in the published literature) instead of the normally used T61 standard aging treatment. Results show that subjecting the material to these interrupted aging treatments gives lower fatigue life than that obtained after subjecting it to standard T61 conditions.Also, T6I4 treatment yields better fatigue life as compared to T6I6.
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| 75. |
- Sainis, Salil, et al.
(författare)
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Weibull analysis of the effect of modified aging treatments on fatigue life of cast aluminium alloy 354
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials Research. - : Trans Tech Publications. - 1022-6680 .- 1662-8985. - 9783037858509 ; 800, s. 356-360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cast aluminium alloy 354 has extensive applications in the automobile industry. Due to its attractive combination of mechanical properties and excellent castability, it is being used in production of automobile components like the compressor wheel for turbochargers. Performance of this component under fatigue loading conditions is a critical issue. The present study explores the possibility of improving the fatigue life of the component by bringing in process changes - (i) adopting a two-step aging treatment in place of the normally used single step aging treatment (ii) adopting a lower artificial aging temperature (171°C) instead of the temperature normally used for artificial aging(188°C) while performing T61 treatment. In all cases Weibull analysis of fatigue test results was carried out. Weibull analysis of Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) values obtained after artificial aging at 171°C and 188°C was also carried out. Among the four variants of two-step aging treatment carried out, the one consisting of 100°C for 5 hours followed by 170°C for 5 hours was found to have the best characteristic fatigue life for the components. The modified T61 treatment where aging was carried out at 171°C instead of the normally used 188°C yielded better characteristic fatigue life as well as better Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS).
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| 76. |
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| 77. |
- Selvavinayagam, Sivaprakasam T., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and novel mutations of omicron subvariant XBB in Tamil Nadu, India - a cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia. - : ELSEVIER. - 2772-3682. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite the continued vaccination efforts, there had been a surge in breakthrough infections, and the emergence of the B.1.1.529 omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in India. There is a paucity of information globally on the role of newer XBB variants in community transmission. Here, we investigated the mutational patterns among hospitalised patients infected with the XBB omicron sub-variant, and checked if there was any association between the rise in the number of COVID-19 cases and the observed novel mutations in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were subjected to real-time PCR followed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to rule out the ambiguity of mutations in viruses isolated from the patients (n = 98). Using the phylogenetic association, the mutational patterns were used to corroborate clinico-demographic characteristics and disease severity among the patients. Findings Overall, we identified 43 mutations in the S gene across 98 sequences, of which two were novel mutations (A27S and T747I) that have not been reported previously with XBB sub-variants in the available literature. Additionally, the XBB sequences from our cohort had more mutations than omicron B.1.1.529. The phylogenetic analysis comprising six major branches clearly showed convergent evolution of XBB. Our data suggests that age, and underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease) or secondary complications confers increased susceptibility to infection rather than vaccination status or prior exposure. Many vaccinated individuals showed evidence of a breakthrough infection, with XBB.3 being the predominant variant identified in the study population. Interpretation Our study indicates that the XBB variant is highly evasive from available vaccines and may be more transmissible, and potentially could emerge as the 'next' predominant variant, which likely could overwhelm the existing variants of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.Funding National Health Mission (India), SIDA SARC, VINNMER (Sweden), ORIP/NIH (USA).Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 78. |
- van Kuilenburg, Andre B. P., et al.
(författare)
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Glutaminase Deficiency Caused by Short Tandem Repeat Expansion in GLS
- 2019
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 380:15, s. 1433-1441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an inborn error of metabolism caused by an expansion of a GCA-repeat tract in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene encoding glutaminase (GLS) that was identified through detailed clinical and biochemical phenotyping, combined with whole-genome sequencing. The expansion was observed in three unrelated patients who presented with an early-onset delay in overall development, progressive ataxia, and elevated levels of glutamine. In addition to ataxia, one patient also showed cerebellar atrophy. The expansion was associated with a relative deficiency of GLS messenger RNA transcribed from the expanded allele, which probably resulted from repeat-mediated chromatin changes upstream of the GLS repeat. Our discovery underscores the importance of careful examination of regions of the genome that are typically excluded from or poorly captured by exome sequencing.
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| 79. |
- Vasamsetti, Sathish Babu, et al.
(författare)
-
Apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitor-derived adipose tissue-resident macrophages contributes to insulin resistance after myocardial infarction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 12:553
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with insulin resistance have high risk of cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is not known whether MI can initiate or aggravate insulin resistance. We observed that patients with ST-elevation MI and mice with MI had de novo hyperglycemia and features of insulin resistance, respectively. In mouse models of both myocardial and skeletal muscle injury, we observed that the number of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-resident macrophages decreased because of apoptosis after these distant organ injuries. Patients displayed a similar decrease in VAT-resident macrophage numbers and developed systemic insulin resistance after ST-elevation MI. Loss of VAT-resident macrophages after MI injury led to systemic insulin resistance in non-diabetic mice. Danger signaling-associated protein high mobility group box 1 was released by the dead myocardium after MI in rodents and triggered macrophage apoptosis via Toll-like receptor 4. The VAT-resident macrophage population in the steady state in mice was transcriptomically distinct from macrophages in the brain, skin, kidney, bone marrow, lungs, and liver and was derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells just after birth. Mechanistically, VAT-resident macrophage apoptosis and de novo insulin resistance in mouse models of MI were linked to diminished concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and adiponectin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of adipose tissue-resident macrophages in sensing remote organ injury and promoting MI pathogenesis.
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| 80. |
- Yildiz, Ahmet Bahadir, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, structure, and stability of novel multi-principal element (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C ceramic with a miscibility gap
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 42:11, s. 4429-4435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we design a novel multi-principal element carbide system (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C with a miscibility gap using computational tools and report on the formation of a single-phase (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C after spark plasma sintering. The (Ti,Zr,Hf,W)C shows high nanohardness (32.7 GPa) and fracture toughness (5 MPa·m1/2). Aging studies at 1350 °C for 100 h show that the single-phase carbide solid solution is quite stable even though this temperature is within the predicted miscibility gap of the system. Detailed electron microscopy characterization shows that phase separation has initiated with minor decomposition after aging by forming rock-salt (Ti,W)C- and (Zr,Hf)C-rich phases as well as hexagonal WC precipitates. We show that the (Ti,W)C- and (Zr,Hf)C-rich phases form a lamellar structure upon aging and the interlamellar spacing is considerably coarser than what has been previously found for the binary (Ti,Zr)C system. The decomposition kinetics, on the other hand, is sluggish due to the reduced driving force for phase decomposition.
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| 82. |
- Zhang, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of intense phase-stable femtosecond hard X-ray pulse pairs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 119:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coherent nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging in the X-ray domain provide direct insight into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length scale and timescale. The experimental realization of such techniques will strongly benefit from access to intense, coherent pairs of femtosecond X-ray pulses. We have observed phase-stable X-ray pulse pairs containing more than 3 × 107 photons at 5.9 keV (2.1 Å) with ∼1 fs duration and 2 to 5 fs separation. The highly directional pulse pairs are manifested by interference fringes in the superfluorescent and seeded stimulated manganese Kα emission induced by an X-ray free-electron laser. The fringes constitute the time-frequency X-ray analog of Young’s double-slit interference, allowing for frequency domain X-ray measurements with attosecond time resolution.
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