| 51. |
- Alexeev, I. I., et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetopause mapping to the ionosphere for northward IMF
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 25:12, s. 2615-2625
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the topological structure of the magnetosphere for northward IMF. Using a magnetospheric magnetic field model we study the high-latitude response to prolonged periods of northward IMF. For forced solar wind conditions we investigate the location of the polar cap region, the polar cap potential drop, and the field-aligned acceleration potentials, depending on the solar wind pressure and IMF B-y and B-x changes. The open field line bundles, which connect the Earth's polar ionosphere with interplanetary space, are calculated. The locations of the magnetospheric plasma domains relative to the polar ionosphere are studied. The specific features of the open field line regions arising when IMF is northward are demonstrated. The coefficients of attenuation of the solar wind magnetic and electric fields which penetrate into the magnetosphere are determined.
|
|
| 52. |
|
|
| 53. |
|
|
| 54. |
|
|
| 55. |
- Amoako-Sakyi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
A STAT6 Intronic Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism is Associated with Clinical Malaria in Ghanaian Children
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Genetics and Epigenetics. - 1179-237X. ; 8, s. 7-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaria pathogenesis may be influenced by IgE responses and cytokine cross-regulation. Several mutations in the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway can alter cytokine cross-regulation and IgE responses during a Plasmodium falciparum malarial infection. This study investigated the relationship between a STAT6 intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs3024974), total IgE, cytokines, and malaria severity in 238 Ghanaian children aged between 0.5 and 13 years. Total IgE and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, while genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Compared with healthy controls, heterozygosity protected against clinical malaria: uncomplicated malaria (odds ratios [OR] = 0.13, P < 0.001), severe malarial anemia (OR = 0.18, P, 0.001), and cerebral malaria (OR = 0.39, P = 0.022). Levels of total IgE significantly differed among malaria phenotypes (P = 0.044) and rs3024974 genotypes (P = 0.037). Neither cytokine levels nor IL-6/IL-10 ratios were associated with malaria phenotypes or rs3024974 genotypes. This study suggests a role for rs3024974 in malaria pathogenesis and offers further insights into an IL-4/STAT6 pathway mutation in malaria pathogenesis.
|
|
| 56. |
- Amodu, O. K., et al.
(författare)
-
Association of the sickle cell trait and the ABO blood group with clinical severity of malaria in southwest Nigeria
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Tropica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-706X .- 1873-6254. ; 123:2, s. 72-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In regions of high Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity, certain erythrocyte polymorphisms confer resistance to severe disease. In this study, we evaluate the role of the sickle cell trait (HbS) and ABO blood groups in the clinical manifestations of childhood malaria in Southwest Nigeria. The subjects comprised 3100 children (53% males, median age 39 months), including 1400 children with uncomplicated malaria, 1000 children with asymptomatic malaria and 700 with severe malaria. Haemoglobin (Hb) types were determined using electrophoresis and serum agglutination techniques were used to determine ABO blood groups. Blood group O was the commonest ABO blood group (47.7%) in the study population, the others were A (22.5%), B (25.2%) and AB (4.6%). The frequencies of the HbAS and HbAC were 14.4% and 5.8%, respectively. In regression models adjusting for age, gender, parasite density and blood group, HbAS was associated with a reduced risk of severe malaria OR=0.46 (CI95%: 0.273-0.773). Among severe malaria subjects, HbAS was associated with significantly lower parasite densities. The protective effect of blood group 0 was demonstrated with a decreased risk of severe malaria OR=0.743 (CI95%: 0.566-0.976) after adjusting for age, gender and parasite density and Hb genotype. Blood group B was associated with increased risk of severe malaria OR=1.638 (CI95%: 1.128-2.380) after adjusting for age, gender, packed cell volume, parasite density and Hb genotype. We have confirmed from this large study of Nigerian children the major protective effective of the sickle cell heterozygous state against both cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia. We also show that the B blood group is associated with an increased risk of severe malaria. In conclusion, the sickle cell haemoglobin type and ABO groups modulate the risk of severe malaria in Nigerian children.
|
|
| 57. |
|
|
| 58. |
- Andre, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Ion energization mechanisms at 1700 km in the auroral region
- 1998
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS. - 0148-0227. ; 103:A3, s. 4199-4222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations obtained by the Freja satellite at altitudes around 1700 km in the high-latitude magnetosphere are used to study ion energization perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. Investigations of ions, electrons, plasma densities, electric and magnetic wave fields, and field-aligned currents are used to study O+ heating mechanisms. Three ion heating events are studied in detail, and 20 events are used in a detailed statistical study. More than 200 events are classified as belonging to one of four major types of ion heating and are ordered as a function of magnetic local time. The most common types of ion heating are associated with broadband low-frequency electric wave fields occurring at all local times. These waves cover frequencies from below one up to several hundred hertz and correspond to the most intense O+ energization. Heating by these waves at frequencies of the order of the O+ gyrofrequency at 25 Hz seems to be the important energization mechanism, causing O+ ion mean energies up to hundreds of eV. The broadband waves are associated with Alfven waves with frequencies up to at least a few hertz and with field-aligned currents. Other types of O+ energization events are less common. During these events the ions are heated by waves near the lower hybrid frequency or near half the proton gyrofrequency. These waves are generated by auroral electrons or in a few cases by precipitating ions.
|
|
| 59. |
- Ansorge, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic value of abdominal drainage in individual risk assessment of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 101:2, s. 100-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe use of prophylactic abdominal drainage following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is controversial as its therapeutic value is uncertain. However, the diagnosis of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), the main cause of PD-associated morbidity, is often based on drain pancreatic amylase (DPA) levels. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of DPA, plasma pancreatic amylase (PPA) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) for diagnosing POPF after PD.MethodsPatients undergoing PD with prophylactic drainage between 2008 and 2012 were studied prospectively. DPA, PPA and CRP levels were obtained daily. Differences between groups with clinically relevant POPF (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) grade B/C) and without clinically relevant POPF (no POPF or ISGPF grade A) were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to determine the value of DPA, PPA and CRP in prediction of POPF. Risk profiles for clinically relevant POPF were constructed and related to the intraoperative pancreatic risk assessment.ResultsFifty-nine (18·7 per cent) of 315 patients developed clinically relevant POPF. DPA, PPA and CRP levels on postoperative day (POD) 1–3 differed significantly between the study groups. In predicting POPF, the DPA level on POD 1 (cut-off at 1322 units/l; odds ratio (OR) 24·61, 95 per cent confidence interval 11·55 to 52·42) and POD 2 (cut-off at 314 units/l; OR 35·45, 14·07 to 89·33) was superior to that of PPA on POD 1 (cut-off at 177 units/l; OR 13·67, 6·46 to 28·94) and POD 2 (cut-off at 98 units/l; OR 16·97, 8·33 to 34·59). When DPA was combined with CRP (cut-off on POD 3 at 202 mg/l; OR 16·98, 8·43 to 34·21), 90·3 per cent of postoperative courses could be predicted correctly (OR 44·14, 16·89 to 115·38).ConclusionThe combination of serum CRP and DPA adequately predicted the development of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula following PD.
|
|
| 60. |
- Arama, Charles, et al.
(författare)
-
A recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin construct expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein enhances dendritic cell activation and primes for circumsporozoite-specific memory cells in BALB/c mice
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 30:37, s. 5578-5584
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A protective malaria vaccine may induce both high levels of neutralising antibodies and strong T-cell responses. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSp) is a leading pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate. CSp is a week immunogen per se, but Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has excellent adjuvant activity and has been utilized as a vector to deliver heterologous vaccine candidate antigens. It is safe in immunocompetent individuals and inexpensive to produce. We assessed in vitro and in vivo a recombinant BCG-expressing CSp (BCG-CS) as malaria vaccine candidate. Immunisation of BALB/c mice with BCG-CS augmented numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes and in the spleen. The activation markers MHC-class-II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 on DCs were significantly upregulated by BCG-CS as compared to wild-type BCG (wt-BCG). In vitro stimulation of bone marrow-derived DCs and macrophages with BCG-CS induced IL-12 and TNF-α production. BCG-CS induced higher phagocytic activity in macrophages as compared to wt-BCG. Immunogenicity studies show that BCG-CS induced CS-specific antibodies and IFN-γ-producing memory cells. In conclusion, BCG-CS is highly efficient in activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for priming of adaptive immunity. Implications for the rational design of novel vaccines against malaria and TB, the two major devastating poverty-related diseases, are discussed.
|
|
| 61. |
- Arama, Charles, et al.
(författare)
-
Epigenetics and Malaria Susceptibility/Protection : A Missing Piece of the Puzzle
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of stable changes in regulation of gene expression that result from epigenetic events is of great relevance in the development of strategies to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Histone modification and DNA methylation are key epigenetic mechanisms that can be regarded as marks, which ensure an accurate transmission of the chromatin states and gene expression profiles over generations of cells. There is an increasing list of these modifications, and the complexity of their action is just beginning to be understood. It is clear that the epigenetic landscape plays a fundamental role in most biological processes that involve the manipulation and expression of DNA. Although the molecular mechanism of gene regulation is relatively well understood, the hierarchical order of events and dependencies that lead to protection against infection remain largely unknown. In this review, we propose that host epigenetics is an essential, though relatively under studied, factor in the protection or susceptibility to malaria.
|
|
| 62. |
- Arama, Charles, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterologous prime-boost regimen adenovector 35-circumsporozoite protein vaccine/recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite induces enhanced long-term memory immunity in BALB/c mice
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 30:27, s. 4040-4045
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sustained antibody levels are a hallmark of immunity against many pathogens, and induction of long-term durable antibody titers is an essential feature of effective vaccines. Heterologous prime-boost approaches with vectors are optimal strategies to improve a broad and prolonged immunogenicity of malaria vaccines. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that the heterologous prime-boost regimen Ad35-CS/BCG-CS induces stronger immune responses by enhancing type 1 cellular producing-cells with high levels of CSp-specific IFN-gamma and cytophilic IgG2a antibodies as compared to a homologous BCG-CS and a heterologous BCG-CS/CSp prime-boost regimen. Moreover, the heterologous prime-boost regimen elicits the highest level of LLPC-mediated immune responses. Conclusion: The increased IFN-gamma-producing cell responses induced by the combination of Ad35-CS/BCG-CS and sustained type 1 antibody profile together with high levels of LLPCs may be essential for the development of long-term protective immunity against liver-stage parasites.
|
|
| 63. |
|
|
| 64. |
- Awah, Nancy, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein RAP-2/RSP-2 in relation to anaemia in Cameroonian children
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Parasite immunology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 33:2, s. 104-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have implicated reactive antibodies to the low molecular weight rhoptry-associated proteins (RAP-1, RAP-2/RSP-2 and RAP-3) in erythroid cell destruction during Plasmodium falciparum infection. In this pilot study, the frequency, specificity and functional capacity of naturally acquired anti-RAP-2/RSP-2 antibodies were investigated in the sera of anaemic and nonanaemic malaria-infected Cameroonian children. All sera recognized RAP-2/RSP-2 by FACS, irrespective of the clinical status of the subjects. However, the anaemic children showed higher levels of IgG antibodies than the nonanaemic group, while both groups showed similar levels of IgM antibodies. Only few individuals had detectable levels of RAP-2/RSP-2-specific IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies, while no IgG2 and IgG4 subclass antibodies were detected in these subjects. By ELISA, the anaemic group tended to show higher levels of antibodies to RAP-2/RSP-2 regarding all antibody classes tested, except for IgG4 and IgE. Unexpectedly, sera from the nonanaemic group activated complement to a greater extent than those from the anaemic group. These results need to be confirmed in extended studies but indicate that the effector functions of the RAP-2/RSP-2-reactive antibodies may be more important than their amounts. Such antibodies could play a role in both immunity and pathogenesis during P. falciparum infection.
|
|
| 65. |
|
|
| 66. |
- Balmes, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
-
Reversible formation of a PdCx phase in Pd nanoparticles upon CO and O-2 exposure
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 14:14, s. 4796-4801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and chemical composition of Pd nanoparticles exposed to pure CO and mixtures of CO and O-2 at elevated temperatures have been studied in situ by a combination of X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in pressures ranging from ultra high vacuum to 10 mbar and from room temperature to a few hundred degrees celsius. Our investigation shows that under CO exposure, above a certain temperature, carbon dissolves into the Pd particles forming a carbide phase. Upon exposure to CO and O-2 mixtures, the carbide phase forms and disappears reversibly, switching at the stoichiometric ratio for CO oxidation. This finding opens new scenarios for the understanding of catalytic oxidation of C-based molecules.
|
|
| 67. |
|
|
| 68. |
- Barath, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired vascular function after exposure to diesel exhaust generated at urban transient running conditions
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Particle and Fibre Toxicology. - : BioMed Central. - 1743-8977. ; 7:1, s. 19-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Traffic emissions including diesel engine exhaust are associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated impaired vascular function after inhalation of exhaust generated by a diesel engine under idling conditions.OBJECTIVES: To assess the vascular and fibrinolytic effects of exposure to diesel exhaust generated during urban-cycle running conditions that mimic ambient 'real-world' exposures.METHODS: In a randomised double-blind crossover study, eighteen healthy male volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust (approximately 250 mug/m3) or filtered air for one hour during intermittent exercise. Diesel exhaust was generated during the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle. Six hours post-exposure, vascular vasomotor and fibrinolytic function was assessed during venous occlusion plethysmography with intra-arterial agonist infusions.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forearm blood flow increased in a dose-dependent manner with both endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine and bradykinin) and endothelial-independent (sodium nitroprusside and verapamil) vasodilators. Diesel exhaust exposure attenuated the vasodilatation to acetylcholine (P < 0.001), bradykinin (P < 0.05), sodium nitroprusside (P < 0.05) and verapamil (P < 0.001). In addition, the net release of tissue plasminogen activator during bradykinin infusion was impaired following diesel exhaust exposure (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Exposure to diesel exhaust generated under transient running conditions, as a relevant model of urban air pollution, impairs vasomotor function and endogenous fibrinolysis in a similar way as exposure to diesel exhaust generated at idling. This indicates that adverse vascular effects of diesel exhaust inhalation occur over different running conditions with varying exhaust composition and concentrations as well as physicochemical particle properties. Importantly, exposure to diesel exhaust under ETC conditions was also associated with a novel finding of impaired of calcium channel-dependent vasomotor function. This implies that certain cardiovascular endpoints seem to be related to general diesel exhaust properties, whereas the novel calcium flux-related effect may be associated with exhaust properties more specific for the ETC condition, for example a higher content of diesel soot particles along with their adsorbed organic compounds.
|
|
| 69. |
- Barath, Stefan, 1963-
(författare)
-
Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of exposure to oxidative air pollutants
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The negative effects of air pollution on morbidity and mortality have been known since the mid 20th century. The two most well known examples are the Meuse Valley disaster in the 1930’ies and the London black fog in December 1952. Whilst there are numerous epidemiological studies, in which associations between morbidity and mortality and high levels of pollutants have been reported, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Two of the main air pollutants are particulate matter (PM) mostly emanating from diesel exhaust (DE), and ozone, both of which are highly oxidative. Exposure to DE has resulted in adverse effects both in the respiratory tract and in the cardiovascular system. High ozone levels have also been shown to be associated with increased admissions to hospital for respiratory as well as cardiovascular conditions. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of a combination of exposures to ozone and DE. DE generated during the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle (ETC) was compared to DE generated by an idling engine. It was also evaluated whether an acute exposure to ozone would have any effects on the cardiovascular system as assessed by venous occlusion forearm plethysmography and heart rate variability (HRV). In addition, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was evaluated as a potential marker for acute exposure to ozone or DE. Methods: Four double-blind randomized cross-over exposure studies were conducted to investigate the effects of ozone and DE on both the respiratory tract and the vascular function in healthy volunteers. All of the exposures were performed in purposely built “walk-in” chambers with strictly controlled exposures. In the first study, the volunteers were exposed to DE (300µg/m3) generated by an idling engine or to air, for one hour in the morning and to ozone (200 ppb) for two hours in the afternoon. A bronchoscopy with bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 24 hours after the initial exposure. In study II and III, an assessment of vascular function using venous occlusion forearm plethysmography was performed after an exposure to DE (250 µg/m3) generated under transient running conditions, compared to air exposure (study II) and ozone and air exposure (study III). HRV was assessed under a 24 hour period starting before each exposure (study III). In study IV, FENO measurements were conducted after DE and ozone exposures to investigate whether the previously established airway inflammation would be detectable by this non-invasive method. Results: DE exposure enhanced the established ozone-induced airway inflammation in terms of a pronounced neutrophilia in BW. DE generated under transient running conditions, impaired vascular function in healthy volunteers, whereas exposure to ozone did not. HRV were not altered by exposure to ozone. Exposure to DE caused a significant increase in FENO at the 10 (FENO10) and 50 (FENO50) mL/s flow rates at 6 hours post-exposure, but ozone exposure did not affect FENO at any flow rate or time point. Conclusion: We have tried to mimic real-life exposure to air pollutants. In the first study, an exposure to DE followed by an exposure to ozone in the afternoon resulted in an enhanced airway inflammation, suggesting an additive or synergistic effect, supporting the epidemiological findings of unfavorable effects of the combination of these two air pollutants. DE generated by an engine running at the urban part of the standardized European Transient Cycle impaired two important and complementary aspects of vascular function, the regulation of vascular tone and endogenous fibrinolysis. This has previously been shown with DE generated at idling conditions. This suggests that the mechanisms behind the adverse effects can be found in the properties of the particles and not in the gaseous components. In these studies, exposure to ozone did not impair vascular function in healthy subjects, or cause any alterations in HRV. This suggests that the epidemiological evidence for an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality following acute exposure to ozone might not be totally accurate. Previous controlled exposure studies with ozone have not shown an airway inflammation affecting the endothelium, at least not in the same time-frame as following DE exposure. FENO could possibly be a useful tool for assessing airway inflammation caused by DE, whereas the powerful oxidant ozone did not affect FENO. This suggests that the airway inflammatory effects caused by these two pollutants are regulated via different mechanisms.
|
|
| 70. |
- Barath, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Short-Term Exposure to Ozone Does Not Impair Vascular Function or Affect Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Men
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 135:2, s. 292-299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air pollution exposure is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet the role of individual pollutants remains unclear. In particular, there is uncertainty regarding the acute effect of ozone exposure on cardiovascular disease. In these studies, we aimed to determine the effect of ozone exposure on vascular function, fibrinolysis, and the autonomic regulation of the heart. Thirty-six healthy men were exposed to ozone (300 ppb) and filtered air for 75min on two occasions in randomized double-blind crossover studies. Bilateral forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography before and during intra-arterial infusions of vasodilators 2–4 and 6–8h after each exposure. Heart rhythm and heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored during and 24h after exposure. Compared with filtered air, ozone exposure did not alter heart rate, blood pressure, or resting FBF at either 2 or 6h. There was a dose-dependent increase in FBF with all vasodilators that was similar after both exposures at 2–4h. Ozone exposure did not impair vasomotor or fibrinolytic function at 6–8h but rather increased vasodilatation to acetylcholine (p = .015) and sodium nitroprusside (p = .005). Ozone did not affect measures of HRV during or after the exposure. Our findings do not support a direct rapid effect of ozone on vascular function or cardiac autonomic control although we cannot exclude an effect of chronic exposure or an interaction between ozone and alternative air pollutants that may be responsible for the adverse cardiovascular health effects attributed to ozone.
|
|
| 71. |
- Bassan, Arianna, et al.
(författare)
-
A Density Functional Study of a Biomimetic Non-Heme Iron Catalyst : Insights into Alkane Hydroxylation and Olefin Oxidation by a Formally HO-Fe(V)=O Oxidant
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 11:2, s. 692-705
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactivity of [HO(tpa)FeVO] (TPA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine), derived from OO bond heterolysis of its [H2O(tpa)FeIIIOOH] precursor, was explored by means of hybrid density functional theory. The mechanism for alkane hydroxylation by the high-valent iron–oxo species invoked as an intermediate in Fe(tpa)/H2O2 catalysis was investigated. Hydroxylation of methane and propane by HOFeVO was studied by following the rebound mechanism associated with the heme center of cytochrome P450, and it is demonstrated that this species is capable of stereospecific alkane hydroxylation. The mechanism proposed for alkane hydroxylation by HOFeVO accounts for the experimentally observed incorporation of solvent water into the products. An investigation of the possible hydroxylation of acetonitrile (i.e., the solvent used in the experiments) shows that the activation energy for hydrogen-atom abstraction by HOFeVO is rather high and, in fact, rather similar to that of methane, despite the similarity of the HCH2CN bond strength to that of the secondary CH bond in propane. This result indicates that the kinetics of hydrogen-atom abstraction are strongly affected by the cyano group and rationalizes the lack of experimental evidence for solvent hydroxylation in competition with that of substrates such as cyclohexane.
|
|
| 72. |
|
|
| 73. |
- Bassan, Arianna, et al.
(författare)
-
A Theoretical Study of the Cis-Dihydroxylation Mechanism in Naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-8257 .- 1432-1327. ; 9:4, s. 439-452
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catalytic mechanism of naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase has been investigated by means of hybrid density functional theory. This Rieske-type enzyme, which contains an active site hosting a mononuclear non-heme iron(II) complex, uses dioxygen and two electrons provided by NADH to carry out the cis-dihydroxylation of naphthalene. Since a (hydro)peroxo-iron(III) moiety has been proposed to be involved in the catalytic cycle, it was probed whether and how this species is capable of cis-dihydroxylation of the aromatic substrate. Different oxidation and protonation states of the Fe–O2 complex were studied on the basis of the crystal structure of the enzyme with oxygen bound side-on to iron. It was found that feasible reaction pathways require a protonated peroxo ligand, FeIII–OOH; the deprotonated species, the peroxo-iron(III) complex, was found to be inert toward naphthalene. Among the different chemical patterns which have been explored, the most accessible one involves an epoxide intermediate, which may subsequently evolve toward an arene cation, and finally to the cis-diol. The possibility that an iron(V)-oxo species is formed prior to substrate hydroxylation was also examined, but found to implicate a rather high energy barrier. In contrast, a reasonably low barrier might lead to a high-valent iron-oxo species [i.e. iron(IV)-oxo] if a second external electron is supplied to the mononuclear iron center before dioxygenation.
|
|
| 74. |
|
|
| 75. |
|
|
| 76. |
- Bassan, Arianna, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxygen Activation by Rieske Non-Heme Iron Oxygenases, a Theoretical Insight
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 108:34, s. 13031-13041
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first steps of dioxygen activation in naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase have been investigated by means of hybrid density functional theory. Reduction of molecular oxygen by this Rieske dioxygenase occurs in the catalytic domain accommodating a mononuclear non-heme iron(II) complex, and it requires two external electrons ultimately delivered by a Rieske [2Fe−2S] cluster hosted in the neighboring domain. Theoretical tools have been applied to gain insight into the O2-binding step and into the first one-electron-transfer process involving the mononuclear and the Rieske centers, and yielding an iron(II)−superoxo intermediate. The reaction, which is mimicked with a model including both metal sites, is found to be a reversible equilibrium. Although the entropic loss associated with the binding of O2 to iron(II) is not canceled by the corresponding enthalpic binding energy, it is, however, balanced by the exothermicity of the electron transfer process from the Rieske cluster to the dioxygen-bound iron(II) complex. The rationalization for the calculated energetics is related to the values of the ionization potential (IP) of the Rieske cluster and the electron affinity (EA) of the mononuclear iron complex: the latter is computed to be higher than the former, when dioxygen is bound to the metal. The possibility that a second external electron is delivered to the mononuclear site before dioxygenation of the substrate has also been examined. It is shown that, if the second electron is available in the Rieske domain, the electron transfer process is energetically favored. The results acquired with the large model comprising the two metal centers are compared to the corresponding information collected from the study of smaller models, where either the mononuclear iron complex or the Rieske cluster is included.
|
|
| 77. |
|
|
| 78. |
|
|
| 79. |
|
|
| 80. |
|
|
| 81. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
|
|
| 82. |
- Bergström, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Interparticle forces and rheological properties of ceramic suspensions
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826 .- 1662-9795. ; 159-160, s. 119-126.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersants have a profound influence on the suspension properties of ceramic slurries. We will illustrate the effect of polymers and polyelectrolytes on the colloidal stability and the rheological properties in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. We have related direct measurements of polymerically induced interparticle forces to the rheological properties of different ceramic systems. Simple estimates of the effective volume fractions of non-aqueous, polymerically stabilized silicon nitride suspensions gave a reasonable correspondence between calculated and measured polymer layer thicknesses. We show that PAA stabilize zirconia by an electrosteric mechanism; also, we found an excellent agreement between the presence of bridging attraction and poor colloidal stability at low surface coverage. In addition, the van der Waals forces have been quantified by theoretical calculations and direct measurements.
|
|
| 83. |
- Bergström, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Probing polymeric stabilization in nonaqueous media by direct measurements
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 83, s. 217-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steric repulsion induced by adsorbed layers of the commercial dispersant Hypermer KD3 has been probed by direct measurements in decalin. The forces are long range (commencing at 30-40 nm) and repulsive, and the distance dependence can be modeled with a simple scaling theory expression valid for polymer brushes. We obtain layer thicknesses on the order of L~9-15 nm for the compressed layers depending on KD3 concentration while the undisturbed layers have a thickness L~23-24 nm, independent of polymer concentration. Comparision of the measured interaction lengths of compressed and undisturbed polymer layers with previous layer thickness estimates based on rheological studies shows that the polymer layers are compressed in dense suspensions.
|
|
| 84. |
- Bertenstam, J, et al.
(författare)
-
THE WAXHOLM APPLICATION DATABASE
- 1995
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an application database collected in Wizard-of-Oz experiments in a spoken dialogue system, WAXHOLM. The system provides information on boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago. The database consists of utterance-length speech files, their corressonding transcriptions, and log files of the dialogue sessions. In addition to the spontaneous dialogue speech, the material also comprise recordings of phonetically balanced reference sentences uttered by all 66 subjects. In the paper the recording procedure is described as well as some characteristics of the speech data and the dialogue.
|
|
| 85. |
- Bestas, Burcu, et al.
(författare)
-
Splice-correcting oligonucleotides restore BTK function in X-linked agammaglobulinemia model
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 124:9, s. 4067-4081
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an inherited immunodeficiency that results from mutations within the gene encoding Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Many XLA-associated mutations affect splicing of BTK pre-mRNA and severely impair B cell development. Here, we assessed the potential of antisense, splice-correcting oligonucleotides (SCOs) targeting mutated BTKtranscripts for treating XLA. Both the SCO structural design and chemical properties were optimized using 2'-O-methyl, locked nucleic acid, or phosphorodiamidate morpholino backbones. In order to have access to an animal model of XLA, we engineered a transgenic mouse that harbors a BAC with an authentic, mutated, splice-defective human BTK gene. BTK transgenic mice were bred onto a Btk knockout background to avoid interference of the orthologous mouse protein. Using this model, we determined that BTK-specific SCOs are able to correct aberrantly spliced BTK in B lymphocytes, including pro-B cells. Correction of BTK mRNA restored expression of functional protein, as shown both by enhanced lymphocyte survival and reestablished BTK activation upon B cell receptor stimulation. Furthermore, SCO treatment corrected splicing and restored BTK expression in primary cells from patients with XLA. Together, our data demonstrate that SCOs can restore BTK function and that BTK-targeting SCOs have potential as personalized medicine in patients with XLA.
|
|
| 86. |
|
|
| 87. |
- Björsell, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for impaired respiratory function post COVID-19 : A prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:5, s. 600-614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Severe COVID-19 increases the risk for long-term respiratory impairment, but data after mild COVID-19 are scarce. Our aims were to determine risk factors for reduced respiratory function 3-6 months after COVID-19 infection and to investigate if reduced respiratory function would relate to impairment of exercise performance and breathlessness.METHODS: Patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at the University Hospitals of Umeå and Örebro, and Karlstad Central Hospital, Sweden. Disease severity was defined as mild (nonhospitalized), moderate (hospitalized with or without oxygen treatment), and severe (intensive care). Spirometry, including diffusion capacity (DLCO ), was performed 3-6 months after hospital discharge or study enrollment (for nonhospitalized patients). Breathlessness (defined as ≥1 according to the modified Medical Research Council scale) and functional exercise capacity (1-min sit-to-stand test; 1-MSTST) were assessed.RESULTS: Between April 2020 and May 2021, 337 patients were enrolled in the study. Forced vital capacity and DLCO were significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19. Among hospitalized patients, 20% had reduced DLCO , versus 4% in nonhospitalized. Breathlessness was found in 40.6% of the participants and was associated with impaired DLCO . A pathological desaturation or heart rate response was observed in 17% of participants during the 1-MSTST. However, this response was not associated with reduced DLCO .CONCLUSION: Reduced DLCO was the major respiratory impairment 3-6 months following COVID-19, with hospitalization as the most important risk factor. The lack of association between impaired DLCO and pathological physiological responses to exertion suggests that these physiological responses are not primarily related to decreased lung function.
|
|
| 88. |
- Blomberg, Ann-Catrin, et al.
(författare)
-
Student nurses' experiences of preserved dignity in perioperative practice : Part 1
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 22:6, s. 676-687
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:In recent years, operating theatre nurse students' education focussed on ethical value issues and how the patient's dignity is respected in the perioperative practice. Health professionals are frequently confronted with ethical issues that can impact on patient's care during surgery.OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to present what operating theatre nurse students experienced and interpreted as preserved dignity in perioperative practice.RESEARCH DESIGN:The study has a descriptive design with a hermeneutic approach. Data were collected using Flanagan's critical incident technique.PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT:Operating theatre nurse students from Sweden and Norway participated and collected data in 2011, after education in ethics and dignity. Data consisting of 47 written stories and the text were analysed with hermeneutical text interpretation.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:The study was conducted accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by a local University Ethics Research Committee. FINDINGS:The findings revealed that students experienced that operating theatre nurses perserved patient's dignity in perioperative practice by being present for each other and making themselves known to the patient. Operating theatre nurses caring for the patient by being compassionate and preserved the patient privacy. The new understanding that emerged was that the operating theatre nurse students understood that the operating theatre nurse wanted to care for the patient like a human being. DISCUSSION:In the discussion, we have illuminated how professional ethics may be threatened by more pragmatic and utilitarian arguments contained in regulations and transplant act. CONCLUSION:Preserved dignity is an ethical and caring act. Ethical questions and how to preserve dignity in perioperative practice should be discussed more both in educations of healthcare professionals and in clinical practice.
|
|
| 89. |
|
|
| 90. |
|
|
| 91. |
- Blomberg, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Pattern of Accessory Regions and Invasive Disease Potential in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 199, s. 1032-1042
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The invasive disease potential (IDP) of Streptococcus pneumoniae differs between serotypes, but the reason for this is unknown. Methods. A total of 47 pneumococcal isolates from 13 serotypes with different IDPs in humans that belonged to 37 multilocus sequence types were compared by whole genome microarrays and mutant analyses. Results. Approximately 34% of the genes were variable, including 95 genes previously shown by signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) to be required for invasive disease in mice. Many variable genes were localized to 41 accessory regions (ARs), of which 24 contained genes previously identified by STM as required for invasive disease. Only AR6 and AR34 were preferentially found in isolates of serotypes with high IDPs. Neither AR6, which carries a gene previously identified by STM as required for invasive disease and encodes a 6-phospho-beta glucosidase, nor the putative adhesin expressed by AR34 was required for mouse virulence in TIGR4. Conclusions. Pneumococci possess a repertoire of ARs that differ between clones and even between isolates of the same clone. The ARs required for invasive disease in humans may be redundant, as no unique pattern distinguished the most invasive clones from others. The ARs that contained genes previously identified by STM as required for virulence in mice were frequently absent from invasive human isolates. Only 1 AR (AR6) was present in almost all isolates from the serotypes with the highest IDP (1, 4, and 7F), whereas it was missing from many others.
|
|
| 92. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Adhesion of trimyristin fat to radio frequency plasma treated PVC and chromium
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 6, s. 1499-1504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing belief in the use of surface modification techniques to reduce the adhesion of soil to surface so that only weak detergents or mechanical means is required for the soil removal. In this work, we have studied how the soil adhesion is affected by controlled and well-defined modification of thr surface. Various surfaces were prepared by radio frequency plasma treatment combined with surface derivatization techninques. Adsorption and displacement of trimyristin , a model soil, were investigated by ellipsometry. Two fundametally different and succesful approaches to realize a good soil-repellant surface werw found:(i) strongly polar surfaces of poly(ethylene oxide) that interact strongly with water or (ii) surfaces which contain cross-linked fluorocarbon moieties.
|
|
| 93. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorbed layers of human serum albumin investigated by the surface force technique
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. - 0193-2691 .- 1532-2351. ; 12, s. 179-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) layers adsorbed from solution onto muscovite mica have been investigated by means of surface force measurements. The effects of varying the ionic strength and the serum albumin concentration have been studied at pH=5.5. The negatively charged protein cannot be desorbed from the negatively charged mica surface by dilution with water. The thickness of the (compressed) adsorbed layer is small compared to the dimension of HSA, except at the highest concentration used (1mg/ml). Hence, under a compressive load at low packing densities the protein conformation on the surface is different from that in bulk solution. No adhesion was observed when the amount adsorbed was large. However, an attractive
|
|
| 94. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Elastohydrodynamic effects with adsorbed layers in surface force measurements
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 138, s. 291-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When two elastic surfaces carrying adsorbed layers are forced together under high loads, as in measurement with the surface forces apparatus, a bell-shaped deformation develops in the flattened contact zone. This behavior is due to the elastohydrodynamic "lubrication" of the adsorbed layer. Compression of molecules thus trapped between the surfaces may under some cicumstances, e.g., in the cases of surfaces carrying weakly adsorbed proteins, lead to irreversible changes in the adsorbed layer and consequently in the surface interaction.
|
|
| 95. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction between adsorbed layers of lysozyme studied with the surface force technique
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 10, s. 2325-2334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface force technique was employed to investigate the adsorption of positively charged lysozyme onto negatively charged mica surfaces in 10-3 M NaCl at pH 5.6 at lysozyme concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.2 mg/ml. At equilibrium the adsorbed lysozyme nearly neutralizes the surface charge of the mica at all bulk lysozyme concentrations investigated. Prior to charge neutralization the decay length of the longrange force is consistent with the electrostatic double-layer force predicted by the DLVO theory. At low concentration, 0.002 mg/ml, a densely packed side-on oriented layer adsorbs on the mica surface. Above 0.02 mg lysozyme/ml, a rather thick layer is adsorbed onto the surface. It consists of an inner, strongly bound layer of both side-on and end-on adsorbed proteins and outer, weakly adsorbed proteins. An adhesion force is established upon contact of the adsorbed protein layers. The force measured between one lysozyme coated surface and one bare mica surface is attractive at short separations. It was demonstrated that at a concentration of 0.02 mg/ml, lysozyme adsorbs "irreversibly" with respect to dilution with 10-3 M NaCl.
|
|
| 96. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions between poly(ethylene oxide) coated surfaces and between such surfaces and proteins
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. - 0193-2691 .- 1532-2351. ; 19, s. 1107-1126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surfaces coated with poly(ethylene oxide) containing nonionic polymers are of interest in medical applications due to, among other things, the low adsorption of proteins on such surfaces. In this paper we have studied the interfacial properties of surfaces coated with PEO by measuring the forces acting between two such surfaces in water and across a protein solution as well as between one such surface and a surface carrying adsorbed proteins. One type of surface coating was a graft copolymer of poly(ethylene imine) and poly(ethylene oxide) where the cationic poly(ethylene imine) group anchored the polymer to negatively charged mica surfaces. Three different ways to prepare this coating was used and compared. It was found that this coating was not stable in the presence of lysozyme, a small positively charged protein, when the PEO graft density was low. The other type of coating was obtained by adsorbing ethyl(hydroxyethyl)-cellulose onto hydrophobised mica surfaces. The driving force for adsorption is in this case the hydrophobic interaction between nonpolar segments of the polymer and the surface. The EHEC coating was stable in the presence of lysozyme and the interactions between adsorbed layers of lysozyme and EHEC coated surfaces are purely repulsive due to long-range steric forces.
|
|
| 97. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Polymer bilayer formation due to specific interactions between β-cyclodextrin and adamantane: A surface force study
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 20, s. 10449-10454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposes of this study are to utilize the interactions between an adamantane end-capped poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a cationic polymer of β-cyclodextrin to build polymer bilayers on negatively charged surfaces, and to investigate the interactions between such layers. The association of this system in solution has been studied by rheology, light scattering, and fluorescence measurements. It was found that the adamantane-terminated PEO (PEO-Ad) mixed with the β-cyclodextrin polymer gives complexes where the interpolymer links are formed by specific inclusion of the adamantane groups in the β-cyclodextrin cavities. This results in a higher viscosity of the solution and growth of intermolecular clusters. The interactions between surfaces coated with a cationized β-cyclodextrin polymer across a water solution containing PEO-Ad polymers were studied by employing the interferometric surface force apparatus (SFA). In the first step, the interaction between mica surfaces coated with the cationized β-cyclodextrin polymer in pure water was investigated. It was found that the β-cyclodextrin polymer adsorbs onto mica and almost neutralizes the surface charge. The adsorbed layers of the β-cyclodextrin polymer are rather compact, with a layer thickness of about 60Å(30Å per surface). Upon separation, a very weak attractive force is observed. The β-cyclodextrin solution was then diluted by pure water by a factor of 3000 and a PEO-Ad polymer was introduced into the solution. Two different architectures of the PEO-Ad polymer were investigated: a four-arm structure and a linear structure. After the adsorption of the PEO polymer onto the β-cyclodextrin layer reached equilibrium, the forces were measured again. It was found that the weak repulsive longrange force had disappeared and an attractive force caused the surfaces to jump into contact, and that the compressed layer thickness had increased. The attractive force is interpreted as being due to a specific recognition between the hydrophobic adamantane groups on the PEO-Ad polymer and the hydrophobic cavity in the β-cyclodextrin molecules. Furthermore, the attractive force observed on separation has increased significantly, which is a further indication of a specific interaction between the β-cyclodextrin polymer and the adamantane groups
|
|
| 98. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Proteins at surfaces studied with the surface force technique
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Proteins at Interfaces II. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). ; , s. 296-310
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some results obtained by using the interferometric surface force technique for studying the interactions between adsorbed protein layers and between such layers and surfaces are presented. We have chosen to report results obtained for several types of proteins in order to emphasize differences and similarities in the behaviour. In this chapter we have also included sections describing the normal experimental procedure as well as some common difficulties which we have encountered during our studies of proteins with the surface force technique. It is hoped that these sections can be of use for readers that has no or a limited experience with this technique.
|
|
| 99. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Short-range interaction between adsorbed layers of human serum albumin
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 166, s. 427-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) onto muscovite mica has been investigated by means of surface force and ESCA measurements. The range of protein concentration explored was 0.001-1.0 mg/ml in 10-3 M NaCl at pH 5.6. It was found that negatively charged albumin adsorbs onto negatively charged mica. Co-adsorption of small ions into the adsorbed protein layer was also inferred. Small structural changes are induced by the adsorption, and further structural changes can be induced by applying an external compressive force. The structure of the adsorbed layer depends on the surface density. As surfaces with a low adsorption density of HSA are brought together, the protein molecules are able to diffuse along the surface, facilitating the merging of the two HSA layers into one single HSA layer in the gap between the surfaces. At high surface density crowding effects impede the rearrangement of the HSA layers and two separate layers of HSA remain in the gap between the surfaces. An adhesion force is present at low packing but not at high packing densities. It was found that the short-range interaction between one HSA-coated surface and one bare mica surface was strongly attractive, demonstrating that the adhesion forces likely are induced by HSA molecules bridging between two surfaces and not by attractive interactions between the proteins themselves.
|
|
| 100. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Surface interactions in emulsion and liposome solutions
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 159, s. 149-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used two surface force techniques to investigate the interactions between hydrophilic and negatively charged mica and glass surfaces across concentrated and dilute oil-in-water emulsions, as well as across aqueous liposome solutions. It was observed with both the interferometric surface force apparatus, using mica surfaces, and with the non-interferometric MASIF technique, employing glass surfaces, that emulsion droplets adsorbed onto the surfaces. Under a high compressive force the adsorbed emulsion droplets were disintegrated and this resulted in a phase separation in the gap between the surfaces. The forces measured in the presence of the capillary condensate compared favourably with theoretical expectations. In contrast, no adsorption of large aggregates could be detected in the liposome solution. Instead it appears that upon adsorption the liposomes disintegrate and the surfaces become covered by a disordered layer of phospholipids. Measurements with the interferometric surface force apparatus, that allows absolute distances to be determined, allow us to draw the conclusion that some bilayer aggregates are adsorbed and that the inner layer consists of an intercalated monolayer.
|
|
