| 51. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Do politicians' preferences correspond to those of the voters : an investigation of political representation
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates to what extent voters and politicians have the same preferences for locally provided welfare services. We make use of two different types of survey questionnaires; one directed towards voters and one directed towards politicians. We reach two main conclusions in the paper. First, we find that politicians have preferences for significantly different spending on locally provided welfare services compared to voters. Second, this difference remains even after controlling for politicians and voters having different socio-economic characteristics. For example, when analyzing female representation, we find that female politicians have significantly different preferences for spending than female voters. One implication of the latter result is that an increase in the ratio of female to male politicians may not be the only way to deal with the desire to increase the political representation of women.
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| 52. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Do Politicians’ Preferences Matter for Voters’ Voting Decisions?
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using unique survey data that allows us to observe both voters’ and politicians’ preferences for local public spending as well as voting decisions, this paper tests if voters typically support parties in which the politicians’ preferences are closest to their own. Doing so would be rational for the voters to do if politicians’ preferences matter for policy outcomes, as is the case in e.g. the citizen-candidate model. It is found that this is indeed the case. This finding is in line with theoretical models such as the citizen-candidate model arguing that politicians cannot credibly commit to election platforms that differ from their true policy preferences.
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| 53. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mobility under mild policies : Causal evidence from Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has adopted far less restrictive social distancing policies than most countries following the COVID-19 pandemic (1–7). This paper uses data on all mobile phone users, from one major Swedish mobile phone network, to examine the impact of the Coronavirus outbreak under the Swedish mild recommendations and restrictions regime on individual mobility and if changes in geographical mobility vary over different socio-economic strata. Having access to data for January-March in both 2019 and 2020 enables the estimation of causal effects of the COVID-19 outbreak by adopting a Difference-in-Differences research design. The paper reaches four main conclusions: (i) The daytime population in residential areas increased significantly (64 percent average increase); (ii) The daytime presence in industrial and commercial areas decreased significantly (33 percent average decrease); (iii) The distance individuals move from their homes during a day was substantially reduced (38 percent decrease in the maximum distance moved and 36 percent increase in share of individuals 2 who move less than one kilometer from home); (iv) Similar reductions in mobility were found for residents in areas with different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. These results show that mild government policies can compel people to adopt social distancing behavior.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Estimating Preferences for Local Public Services using Migration Data
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 49:2, s. 319-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish micro data, the paper examines the impact of local public services on community choice. The choice of community is modelled as a choice between a discrete set of alternatives. It is found that, given taxes, high spending on child care attracts migrants. Less conclusive results are obtained with respect to the role of spending on education and elderly care. High local taxes deter migrants. Relaxing the independence of the irrelevant alternatives assumption, by estimating a mixed logit model, has a significant impact on the results.
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| 57. |
|
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| 58. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Political Economy. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-3808 .- 1537-534X. ; 120:1, s. 41-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants' preferences for redistribution. We exploit exogenous variation in immigrant shares stemming from a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during 1985-94 and match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities. We find significant, negative effects of increased immigration on the support for redistribution. The effect is especially pronounced among high-income earners. We also establish that estimates from earlier studies failing to identify causal effects are likely to be positively biased (i.e., less negative).
|
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| 59. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution : Reply
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a comment to Dahlberg, Edmark and Lundqvist (2012), Nekby and Pettersson-Lidbom (2012) argue (i) that the refugee placement program should be measured with contracted rather than actually placed refugees, and claim that the correlation between the two measures is insignificant and close to zero; (ii) that instead of using the rotating individual panel, we should have used the full cross-sections in combination with municipality fixed effects; and (iii) that immigrants should be dened based on country of birth rather than citizenship.In this response, we discuss why we (i) do not agree that contracted refugees is the preferred measure, and we show that the correlation between the two measures is highly significant and large; (ii) do not agree that the full cross-sections can be used; and (iii) do agree that defining immigrants according to country of birth is preferred. In a re-analysis, the conclusion from Dahlberg, Edmark and Lundqvist (2012) that ethnic diversity has a statistically and economically significant negative effect on preferences for redistribution is only marginally affected.
|
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| 60. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, the immigration of workers and refugees to Europe has increased substantially, and the composition of the population in many countries has consequently become much more heterogeneous in terms of ethnic background. If people exhibit in-group bias in the sense of being more altruistic to one's own kind, such increased heterogeneity will lead to reduced support for redistribution among natives. This paper exploits a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during the period 1985 - 94 to isolate exogenous variation in immigrant shares. We match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities to estimate the causal effects of increased immigrant shares on preferences for redistribution. The results show that a larger immigrant population leads to less support for redistribution in the form of preferred social bene t levels. This reduction in support is especially pronounced for respondents with high income and wealth. We also establish that OLS estimators that do not properly deal with endogeneity problems - as in earlier studies - are likely to yield positively biased (i.e., less negative) eects of ethnic heterogeneity on preferences for redistribution.
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| 61. |
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| 62. |
|
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| 63. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic Diversity and Preferencesfor Redistribution : Reply
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 119:2, s. 288-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this reply, we briefly respond to three of the issues raised: possible measures of preferences for redistribution, sample selection bias, and the use of the refugee placement policy as an instrument for immigration.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
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| 71. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Health Information and Well-Being: Evidence from an Asymptomatic Disease
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine how health information affects individuals' subjective well-being using a regression discontinuity design on data from a screening program for an asymptomatic disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The information provided to the individuals is guided by the measured aorta size and its relation to pre-determined levels. When comparing individuals that receive information that they are healthy with those that receive information that they are in the risk zone for AAA, we find no effects. However, when comparing those that receive information that they have a small AAA, and will be under increased surveillance, with those who receive information that they are in the risk zone, we find a weak positive effect on well-being. This indicates that the information about increased surveillance (positive) may outweigh the information about worse health (negative).
|
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| 72. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Högre utbildning och forskning
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 30:2, s. 107-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
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| 73. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality and Crime : Separating the Effects of Permanent andTransitory Income
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Earlier studies on income inequality and crime have typically used total income or total earnings. However, it is quite likely that it is changes in permanent rather than in transitory income that affects crime rates. The purpose of this paper is therefore to disentangle the two effects by, first, estimating region-specific inequality in permanent and transitory income and, second, estimating crime equations with the two separate income components as explanatory variables. The results indicate that it is important to separate the two effects; while an increase in the inequality in permanent income yields a positive and significant effect on total crimes and three different property crimes, an increase in the inequality in transitory income has no significant effect on any type of crime. Using a traditional, aggregate, measure of income yields mainly insignificant effects on crime.
|
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| 74. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality and Crime : Separating the Effects of Permanent and Transitory Income
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. - : Wiley. - 0305-9049 .- 1468-0084. ; 70:2, s. 129-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies on income inequality and crime have typically used total income or total earnings. However, it is quite likely that it is changes in permanent rather than in transitory income that affects crime rates. The purpose of this paper is therefore to disentangle the two effects by, first, estimating region-specific inequality in permanent and transitory income and, second, estimating crime equations with the two separate income components as explanatory variables. The results indicate that it is important to separate the two effects; while an increase in the inequality in permanent income yields a positive and significant effect on total crimes and three different property crimes, an increase in the inequality in transitory income has no significant effect. Using a traditional, aggregate, measure of income yields insignificant effects on crime.
|
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| 75. |
|
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| 76. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Inledning
- 2013. - 1
-
Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 21-32
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 77. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Inledning
- 2013. - 1
-
Ingår i: Välfärdstjänster i privat regi. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949471 ; , s. 221-230
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här antologin har vi behandlat privatiseringar inom den svenska välfärdssektorn. Sedan slutet av 1980-talet har Sverige gått från ett nästan helt offentligt produktionssystem till ett system med en blandning av offentliga och privata utförare som konkurrerar med varandra. Valfrihet för brukarna har införts på flera områden. Vi har beskrivit hur framväxten av privat välfärdsproduktion sett ut och analyserat några centrala drivkrafter bakom denna utveckling.
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| 78. |
|
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| 79. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Intergovernmental Grants and Bureaucratic Power
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In their role as agenda setters and implementers of political decisions, bureaucrats potentially have the power to influence decisions in their own favor. It is however difficult to empirically test whether bureaucrats actually are involved in such actions. In this paper we suggest and apply a new way of testing the hypothesis that bureaucrats can and do in fact affect policy to their own benefit. Making use of a discontinuity in the Swedish grant system, we estimate causal effects of intergovernmental grants on different types of personnel employed by the local governments. On the margin, we find a large, positive effect of grants on the number of bureaucrats in the central administration, but no effects on the number of personnel in other important sectors runby the local government (child care, schools and elderly care). These results support theview that bureaucrats are able to, and do indeed, affect the allocation of grants withinmunicipalities to support own goals.
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| 80. |
|
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| 81. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Is There a "Race-to-the-Bottom" in the Setting of Welfare Benefit Levels? : Evidence from a Policy Intervention
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 92:5-6, s. 1193-1209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate whether local governments react on the welfare benefit levels in neighboring jurisdictions when setting their own benefit levels. We solve the simultaneity problem arising from the welfare game by utilizing a policy intervention; more specifically, we use a centrally geared exogenous placement of a highly welfare prone group (refugees) among Swedish municipalities as an instrument. The IV estimates indicate that there exists a "race-to-the-bottom" and that the effect is economically as well as statistically significant; if the neighboring municipalities decrease their welfare benefit level by 100 SEK, a municipality decreases its benefit level with approximately 41 SEK. This result is robust to several alternative model specifications.
|
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| 82. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Is There an Election Cycle in Public Employment? : Separating Time Effects from Election Year Effects
- 2011
-
Ingår i: CESifo Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1610-241X .- 1612-7501. ; 57:3, s. 480-498
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do governments increase public employment in election years? This article answers this question by using data from Sweden and Finland, two countries that are similar in many respects but in which local elections are held at different points in time. These facts make it possible for us to separate an election effect from other time effects. Our results indicate that there is a statistically significant election year effect in local public employment, a production factor that is highly visible in the welfare services provided by the local governments in the Scandinavian countries. The effect also seems to be economically significant; the municipalities employ 0.6 more full-time employees per 1000 capita in election years than in other years (which correspond to an increase by approximately 1%).
|
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| 83. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Is there an election cycle in public employment? Separating time effects from election year effects
- 2008
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Do governments increase public employment in election years? This paper investigates this question by using data from Sweden and Finland, two coun¬tries that are similar in many respects but in which local elections are held at different points in time. We can thereby separate an election effect from other time effects. Our results indicate that there is a statistically significant election year effect in local public employment, a production factor that is highly visi¬ble in the welfare services provided by the local governments in the Scandina¬vian countries. The effect also seems to be economically significant; the municipalities employ 0.6 more full-time employees per 1,000 capita in election years than in other years (which correspond to an increase by approximately 1 percent).
|
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| 84. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Jobbtorg Stockholm - resultat från en enkätundersökning
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie undersöker vi med hjälp av enkätdata hur deltagarna vid Jobbtorgen i Stockholms stad ser på sin situation som arbetslösa och vilken hjälp och stöd de anser att de får av coacher och socialsekreterare. Vi fokuserar på gruppen utrikes födda, då bortfallet bland svenskfödda är stort. Vi undersöker även hur coacher och socialsekreterare ser på Jobbtorgen samt varandras arbete med arbetslösa försörjningsstödstagare.En analys av svaren visar att deltagarna anser sig ha en svag ställning på arbetsmarknaden. De allra flesta uppger att de söker aktivt efter jobb, men att de inte har haft något jobb på länge (eller kanske aldrig). De tror att deras chanser att få ett arbete inom kort är små. Majoriteten av de svarande deltagarna tycker att aktiviteten de deltar i är dålig och skulle hellre delta i någon annan aktivitet. Även om många tror att Jobbtorget kan hjälpa dem att få ett jobb, skulle de hellre söka jobb via Arbetsförmedlingen eller på egen hand. De deltagare som träffar sin coach relativt ofta och uppger att samarbetet med denne fungerar bra är mer positiva till den aktivitet de deltar i och tror i större utsträckning att Jobbtorget kan hjälpa dem att hitta ett arbete.
|
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| 85. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Kommunanställda byråkraters dubbla roll
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 11:3, s. 171-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
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| 86. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Labor market integration of refugees : RCT evidence from an early intervention program in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 217, s. 614-630
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a new program for increased labor market integration of refugees. The new program starts shortly after the residence permit is granted and uses three main components: early and intensive language training, work practice with supervisors, and job search assistance performed by professional caseworkers. The immediate and intensive assistance contrasts previous integration policies which typically constitute low-intensive help over long periods of time. We find large positive effects on employment of the program, with magnitudes corresponding to around 15 percentage points. A mediation analysis shows that 7–8 percent of the impact of the program seems to be explained by increases in documented language skills. Cost estimates suggest that the new policy is less expensive than earlier labor market programs.
|
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| 87. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-
(författare)
-
Local government in Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Local public sector in transition. - Helsingfors : Government Institute for Economic Research. - 9789515619372 ; , s. 122-154
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
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| 88. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Mandatory Activation of Welfare Recipients – Evidence from the City of Stockholm
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates whether mandatory activation programs for welfare recipients have effects on welfare participation, employment and disposable income. In contrast to earlier studies, we are able to capture both entry and exit effects. The empirical analysis makes use of a Swedish welfare reform in which the city districts in Stockholm gradually implemented mandatory activation programs for individuals on welfare. On average, we find that mandatory activation of welfare recipients increases employment as well as disposable income. However, these sizes of the estimated effects must be considered relatively small. There are some indications of larger effects for single-headed households.
|
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| 89. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Migration and Local Public Services
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using unique Swedish micro data we examine the impact of local public services on community choice. The choice of community is modeled as a choice between a discrete set of alternatives. The US literature has produced conflicting evidence with respect to
|
|
| 90. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Migration and local public services
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using unique Swedish micro data we examine the impact of local public services on community choice. The choice of community is modeled as a choice between a discrete set of alternatives. The US literature has produced conflicting evidence with respect to the importance of local public services. We find a robust positive (negative) relationship between local public services (local income tax rates) and the residential choices of short-distance migrants (defined as those moving within a local labor market). However, local public characteristics are less important for migrants who entered from other local labor markets. Using information on subsequent mobility, we also investigate whether the last result is due to lack of information about the characteristics of the local public sector. The evidence suggests that this is not the case.
|
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| 91. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Om regeringars röstköpsbeteende
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 28:4, s. 305-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 92. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
On mandatory activation of welfare receivers
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates whether mandatory activation programs for welfare receivers have effects on welfare participation, employment and disposable income. In contrast to earlier studies we are able to capture both entry and exit effects. The empirical analysis makes use of a Swedish welfare reform in which the city districts in Stockholm gradually implemented mandatory activation programs for individuals on welfare. The reform is well suited for investigating effects of such programs for several reasons. First, the reform was not combined with any other policy instruments, like time limits or tax credits, making sure that we will capture effects of mandatory activation policies and nothing else. Second, the reform was initiated at different points of time in different city districts, which ease identification. Third, using data from city districts within a single local labor market we can control for confounding macro economic shocks. Overall, we find that mandatory activation of welfare receivers reduce overall welfare participation and increases employment. We also find that mandatory activation programs appear to work best for young people and for people born in non-Western countries. For disposable income, we do not find a statistically significant effect.
|
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| 93. |
|
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| 94. |
|
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| 95. |
|
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| 96. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
On the vote purchasing behavior of incumbent governments
- 1999
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A couple of months before the Swedish election in 1998, the incumbent government distributed 2.3 billion SEK to 42 out of 115 applying municipalities. This was the first wave of a four-year long grant program intended to support local investment programs aimed at an ecological sustainable development. This temporary grant program differs from traditional intergovernmental grants in several aspects, most importantly in the sovereign decision making power given to the incumbent central government. In this paper we investigate whether there were any tactical motives behind the distribution of these grants. We find support for the hypothesis that the incumbent government used the grant program under study in order to win votes. In particular, we find strong support for the Lindbeck-Weibull/Dixit-Londregan model in which parties distribute transfers to regions where there are many swing voters. This result is statistically as well as economically significant. We do however not find any support for the model that predicts that the incumbent government transfer money to its own supporters.
|
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| 97. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Vote Purchasing Behavior of Incumbent Governments
- 2002
-
Ingår i: American Political Science Review. - : Cambridge. - 0003-0554 .- 1537-5943. ; 96:1, s. 27-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate whether there are any tactical motives behind the distribution of grants from central to lower level governments. We use a temporary grant program that is uniquely suitable for testing theories of vote-purchasing behavior of incumbent governments. The temporary grant program differs from traditional intergovernmental grants in several aspects, most importantly in the sovereign decision making power given to the incumbent central government. We find support for the hypothesis that the incumbent government used the grant program under study in order to win votes. In particular, we find strong support for the Lindbeck-Weibull/Dixit-Londregan model in which parties distribute transfers to regions where there are many swing voters. This result is statistically as well as economically significant. We do however not find any support for the model that predicts that the incumbent government transfers money to its own supporters.
|
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| 98. |
|
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| 99. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Power properties of the Sargan test in the presence of measurement errors in dynamic panels
- 2002
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates the power properties of the Sargan test in the presence of measurement errors in dynamic panel data models. The general conclusion from the Monte Carlo simulations is that the Sargan test, in many cases, leads the econometrician to accept misspecified models with sometimes severely biased parameter estimates as a result. This is especially true when the number of cross-sectional units is small and when there are measurement errors in the dependent variable. To investigate if the simulation results have any bearing in real applications, we used the data in Arellano and Bond (1991) and re-estimated their employment equations with the difference that we deliberately imposed additive and multiplicative measurement errors in the employment and wage variables. It turned out that the Sargan test always accepted the misspecified models while we at the same time ended up with biased parameter estimates. The conclusion from this paper is that in the very likely case of measurement errors in either the dependent or any of the independent variables, we will, if we rely on the Sargan test, quite likely accept a misspecified model and end up with biased results.
|
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| 100. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Power Properties of the Sargan Test in the Presence of Measurement Errors in Dynamic Panels
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 15:5, s. 349-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the power properties of the Sargan test in the presence of measurement errors in dynamic panel data models. The conclusion from Monte Carlo simulations, and an application on the data used by Arellano and Bond (1991), is that in the very likely case of measurement errors in either the dependent or any of the independent variables, we will, if we rely on the Sargan test, quite likely accept a mis-specified model and end up with biased results.
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