| 51. |
- Pesqué, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Bikini textile contact dermatitis : A Sherlockian approach revealing 2.4-dichlorophenol as a potential textile contact allergen
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 85:6, s. 679-685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Different textile constituents may act as allergens and/or irritants and provoke textile contact dermatitis (TCD). Objectives: To report a case of TCD caused by ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol, present in a bikini. Methods: A woman presented with an eczematous, pruritic rash in the area of the bikini straps and back. Patch testing was performed with the European baseline, textile, sunscreen, and photo-patch series, the bikini “as is”, and ethanol and acetone extracts of the bikini. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis were used to elucidate the culprit agents. Results: Positive reactions were found to the bikini “as is” and to the ethanol and acetone extracts. Patch testing with TLC strips showed a strong reaction to spots-fractions 3 and 4. GC–MS was performed to identify substances in each fraction and those suspected to be skin sensitisers were patch tested. On day (D) 4 positive reactions to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (irritant reaction) and 2.4-dichlorophenol (++) were observed. Conclusion: A myriad of chemical compounds can be found in clothing. Ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol were identified as the potential culprits of this bikini TCD. Highlights: We have combined chemical analyses (thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) to study a case of textile contact dermatitis. As such, the presence of a myriad of chemical compounds was found in a bikini, suggesting that clothing in general may become impregnated or contaminated by a wide range of external substances that may be harmful to the skin. Textile contact dermatitis could in this case be attributed to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (CAS No. 4536-30-5) and 2.4-dichlorophenol (CAS No. 120-83-2), the latter not yet previously described as a textile contact allergen.
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| 52. |
- Ronczka, M., et al.
(författare)
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Geophysical Site Investigation at Dalby-Önneslov Using Joint Inversion
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 23rd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. - Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV. - 9789462822238
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A geophysical site investigation using ERT and refraction seismic was done to detect the bedrock interface and possible weakness zones. For the purpose of a more realistic subsurface model a joint inversion was done.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Vickers, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Prostate specific antigen concentration at age 60 and death or metastasis from prostate cancer : Case-control study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: BMJ (Online). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138 .- 1468-5833. ; 341:7773
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the relation between concentrations of prostate specific antigen at age 60 and subsequent diagnosis of clinically relevant prostate cancer in an unscreened population to evaluate whether screening for prostate cancer and chemoprevention could be stratified by risk. Design: Case-control study with 1:3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort study. Setting: General population of Sweden taking part in the Malmo Preventive Project. Cancer registry at the National Board of Health and Welfare. Participants: 1167 men aged 60 who provided blood samples in 1981 and were followed up to age 85. Main outcome measures: Metastasis or death from prostate cancer. Results: The rate of screening during the course of the study was low. There were 43 cases of metastasis and 35 deaths from prostate cancer. Concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 was associated with prostate cancer metastasis (area under the curve 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.92; P<0.001) and death from prostate cancer (0.90, 0.84 to 0.96; P<0.001). The greater the number for the area under the curve (values from 0 to 1) the better the test. Although only a minority of the men with concentrations in the top quarter (>2 ng/ml) develop fatal prostate cancer, 90% (78% to 100%) of deaths from prostate cancer occurred in these men. Conversely, men aged 60 with concentrations at the median or lower (≤1 ng/ml) were unlikely to have clinically relevant prostate cancer (0.5% risk of metastasis by age 85 and 0.2% risk of death from prostate cancer). Conclusions: The concentration of prostate specific antigen at age 60 predicts lifetime risk of metastasis and death from prostate cancer. Though men aged 60 with concentrations below the median (≤1 ng/ml) might harbour prostate cancer, it is unlikely to become life threatening. Such men could be exempted from further screening, which should instead focus on men with higher concentrations.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Zimmerman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ulnar Nerve Entrapment in Diabetes: Patient-reported Outcome after Surgery in National Quality Registries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2169-7574. ; 8:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow (UNE) is overrepresented in patients with diabetes, but the outcome of surgery is unknown. We aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcome in patients with and without diabetes, and to assess potential sex differences and compare surgical treatment methods. Methods: Data on patients operated for UNE (2010-2016, n = 1354) from the Swedish National Registry for Hand Surgery were linked to the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Symptoms were assessed preoperatively (n = 389), and 3 (n = 283), and at 12 months postoperatively (n = 267) by QuickDASH and HQ-8 (specific hand surgery questionnaire-8 questions). Only simple decompressions were included when comparing groups. Results: Men with diabetes reported higher postoperative QuickDASH scores than men without diabetes. Women scored their disability higher than men on all time-points in QuickDASH, but showed larger improvement between preoperative and 12 months postoperative values. Patients operated with transposition scored 10.8 points higher on QuickDASH than patients who had simple decompression at 12 months (95% confidence interval 1.98-19.6). Conclusions: Women with diabetes benefit from simple decompression for UNE to the same extent as women without diabetes. Men with diabetes risk not to benefit from simple decompression as much as women do. Ulnar nerve transposition had a higher risk of residual symptoms compared to simple decompression.
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Aludden, H. C., et al.
(författare)
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Lateral ridge augmentation with Bio-Oss alone or Bio-Oss mixed with particulate autogenous bone graft: a systematic review
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0901-5027. ; 46:8, s. 1030-1038
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this systematic review was to test the hypothesis of no difference in implant treatment outcomes when using Bio-Oss alone or Bio-Oss mixed with particulate autogenous bone grafts for lateral ridge augmentation. A search of the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases in combination with a hand-search of relevant journals was conducted. Human studies published in English from 1 January 1990 to 1 May 2016 were included. The search provided 337 titles and six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Considerable variation prevented a meta-analysis from being performed. The two treatment modalities have never been compared within the same study. Non-comparative studies demonstrated a 3-year implant survival of 96% with 50% Bio-Oss mixed with 50% autogenous bone graft. Moreover, Bio-Oss alone or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone graft seems to increase the amount of newly formed bone as well as the width of the alveolar process. Within the limitations of this systematic review, lateral ridge augmentation with Bio-Oss alone or in combination with autogenous bone graft seems to induce newly formed bone and increase the width of the alveolar process, with high short-term implant survival. However, long-term studies comparing the two treatment modalities are needed before final conclusions can be drawn.
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| 61. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between longer relative leukocyte telomere length and risk of glioma is independent of the potentially confounding factors allergy, BMI, and smoking
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 30:2, s. 177-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Previous studies have suggested an association between relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) and glioma risk. This association may be influenced by several factors, including allergies, BMI, and smoking. Previous studies have shown that individuals with asthma and allergy have shortened relative telomere length, and decreased risk of glioma. Though, the details and the interplay between rLTL, asthma and allergies, and glioma molecular phenotype is largely unknown. Methods: rLTL was measured by qPCR in a Swedish population-based glioma case–control cohort (421 cases and 671 controls). rLTL was related to glioma risk and health parameters associated with asthma and allergy, as well as molecular events in glioma including IDH1 mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion, and EGFR amplification. Results: Longer rLTL was associated with increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.31). Similar to previous reports, there was an inverse association between allergy and glioma risk. Specific, allergy symptoms including watery eyes was most strongly associated with glioma risk. High body mass index (BMI) a year prior diagnosis was significantly protective against glioma in our population. Adjusting for allergy, asthma, BMI, and smoking did not markedly change the association between longer rLTL and glioma risk. rLTL among cases was not associated with IDH1 mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion, or EGFR amplification, after adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex. Conclusions: In this Swedish glioma case–control cohort, we identified that long rLTL increases the risk of glioma, an association not confounded by allergy, BMI, or smoking. This highlights the complex interplay of the immune system, rLTL and cancer risk.
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| 62. |
- Anker, I., et al.
(författare)
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Luxation du nerf ulnaire lors du syndrome canalaire au coude. Influence sur le résultat chirurgical
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-1229. ; 41:1, s. 96-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to assess the incidence of symptomatic ulnar nerve dislocation and its influence on surgical outcome after primary and revision surgeries in ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow (ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) or cubital tunnel syndrome). The influence of pre- or intra-operative ulnar nerve dislocation on postoperative outcome was assessed in 548 surgically treated cases (548 nerves) from two hand surgery departments reporting to the Swedish National Quality Registry for Hand Surgery, using QuickDASH, a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), before surgery and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively, and a doctor-reported outcome measure (DROM), grading as “cured-improved “or “unchanged-worsened,” at a median follow-up of 3.0 months [IQR, 1.5–6.0]. 109 of the 548 cases (20%) showed documented pre- or intra-operative ulnar nerve dislocation; more often found at revision (35/75, 47%) than at primary surgery (74/473, 16%) (p < 0.0001). Cases with dislocation presented higher QuickDASH scores at 12 months (p = 0.026). A linear regression model, adjusted for age and gender, predicted higher QuickDASH scores at 12 months postoperatively for cases with dislocation (unstandardized B 11.3 [95% CI 0.4–22.2], p = 0.043). DROM grading as unchanged-worsened at a median 3 months predicted worse QuickDASH scores (p < 0.0001) than in cured-improved cases at 3 (unstandardized B, 18.4 [95% CI 9.4–27.3]) and 12 months (unstandardized B, 18.1 [9.1–27.0]). Primary surgeries had better DROM grading than revision surgeries (p = 0.033; cured-improved, 75% and 63%, respectively), but QuickDASH scores did not differ. Presence of a clinically relevant ulnar nerve dislocation resulted in worse outcome, perhaps due to more extensive surgery with transposition. Nerve dislocation needs attention when treating UNE patients.
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| 63. |
- Anker, I., et al.
(författare)
-
Ulnar nerve dislocation in ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. Influence on surgical outcome : Luxation du nerf ulnaire lors du syndrome canalaire au coude. Influence sur le résultat chirurgical
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation. - : Elsevier. - 2468-1229. ; 41:1, s. 96-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to assess the incidence of symptomatic ulnar nerve dislocation and its influence on surgical outcome after primary and revision surgeries in ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow (ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) or cubital tunnel syndrome). The influence of pre-or intra-operative ulnar nerve dislocation on postoperative outcome was assessed in 548 surgically treated cases (548 nerves) from two hand surgery departments reporting to the Swedish National Quality Registry for Hand Surgery, using QuickDASH, a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), before surgery and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively, and a doctor-reported outcome measure (DROM), grading as "cured-improved "or "unchanged-worsened, at a median follow-up of 3.0 months [IQR, 1.5-6.0]. 109 of the 548 cases (20%) showed documented pre-or intra-operative ulnar nerve dislocation; more often found at revision (35/ 75, 47%) than at primary surgery (74/473, 16%) (p < 0.0001). Cases with dislocation presented higher QuickDASH scores at 12 months (p = 0.026). A linear regression model, adjusted for age and gender, predicted higher QuickDASH scores at 12 months postoperatively for cases with dislocation (unstandardized B 11.3 [95% CI 0.4-22.2], p = 0.043). DROM grading as unchanged-worsened at a median 3 months predicted worse QuickDASH scores (p < 0.0001) than in cured-improved cases at 3 (unstandardized B, 18.4 [95% CI 9.4-27.3]) and 12 months (unstandardized B, 18.1 [9.1-27.0]). Primary surgeries had better DROM grading than revision surgeries (p = 0.033; cured-improved, 75% and 63%, respectively), but QuickDASH scores did not differ. Presence of a clinically relevant ulnar nerve dislocation resulted in worse outcome, perhaps due to more extensive surgery with transposition. Nerve dislocation needs attention when treating UNE patients. (C) 2021 SFCM. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Aronsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the plastid import reaction of the pea NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR)
- 1998
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Ingår i: The Chloroplast. - New York : Springer-Verlag. - 9780792355779 - 0792355776 ; , s. 167-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- NADPH: protochlorophyllide (POR) is a vital enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophyl where it catalyzes the reduction of Pchlide into Chlide in a light-dependent manner. POR is nucleus-encoded and imported into the plastids where it is found at the inner membranes. Together with its substrate and the co-factor NADPH it forms a ternary complex which is needed for catalytical activity. The anomaly of a decreasing POR level during active chlorophyll synthesis was cleared with the discovery of two different POR proteins, POR-A and POR-B, in barley and Arabidopsis thaliana. During greening, POR-A is negatively regulated by light both at transcriptional and proteolytical levels. In addition, the import of POR-A, but not POR-B, has been suggestedto require Pchlide in order to be translocated into the plastid. In this respect, POR-A differs from other known nucleus-encoded plastid proteins, and as it appears, this requirements represents a novel and exclusive import characteristic. In pea, only one POR gene has been found indicating that the situation for the regulation of POR import and accumulation is far from clear. We here present a characterization of the import conditions of the pea POR, including the potentional role of Pchlide inthe translocation step.
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| 66. |
- Arvidsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Resistivity imaging as a tool for rock quarry planning
- 2007
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Ingår i: Near Surface 2007. - 9781629937960
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the aggregate industry the use of geophysical measuring is rare. The aim of this project is to investigate how geophysical instruments can be a tool in prospecting for rock quarries, and also how they can be a help in which direction they should expand in. To have control over the quality of the aggregates is important and therefore to know when the rock mass is changing is of interest for the production. Two quarries, with different properties, were investigated with different geophysical methods, of which only the result from the electrical measurement is presented here. The fracture frequency was measured as well for comparison. The depth to the bedrock is visible in the inverted resistivity sections for the two sites, and an estimation of the quantity of the till is possible to make. It is also shown that the fracture frequency affects the resistivity of the bulk mass. The results also show that the resistivity imaging is well suited for detecting anomalies in the rock mass, which might affect the production.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Beckman, K., et al.
(författare)
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Mental illness and suicide after self-harm among young adults : long-term follow-up of self-harm patients, admitted to hospital care, in a national cohort
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - Nww York, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 46:16, s. 3397-3405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-harm among young adults is a common and increasing phenomenon in many parts of the world. The long-term prognosis after self-harm at young age is inadequately known. We aimed to estimate the risk of mental illness and suicide in adult life after self-harm in young adulthood and to identify prognostic factors for adverse outcome.Method: We conducted a national population-based matched case-cohort study. Patients aged 18-24 years (n = 13 731) hospitalized after self-harm between 1990 and 2003 and unexposed individuals of the same age (n = 137 310 ) were followed until December 2009. Outcomes were suicide, psychiatric hospitalization and psychotropic medication in short-term (1-5 years) and long-term (>5 years) follow-up.Results: Self-harm implied an increased relative risk of suicide during follow-up [hazard ratio (HR) 16.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.9-20.9). At long-term follow-up, 20.3% had psychiatric hospitalizations and 51.1% psychotropic medications, most commonly antidepressants and anxiolytics. There was a six-fold risk of psychiatric hospitalization (HR 6.3, 95% CI 5.8-6.8) and almost three-fold risk of psychotropic medication (HR 2.8, 95% CI 2.7-3.0) in long-term follow-up. Mental disorder at baseline, especially a psychotic disorder, and a family history of suicide were associated with adverse outcome among self-harm patients.Conclusion: We found highly increased risks of future mental illness and suicide among young adults after self-harm. A history of a mental disorder was an important indicator of long-term adverse outcome. Clinicians should consider the substantially increased risk of suicide among self-harm patients with psychotic disorders.
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| 71. |
- Beckman, K., et al.
(författare)
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Method of self-harm in adolescents and young adults and risk of subsequent suicide
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 59:9, s. 948-956
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-harm is common in youth and an important risk factor for suicide. Certain self-harm methods might indicate a higher risk of suicide. The main aim of this study was to determine whether some methods of self-harm in adolescents (10-17 years) and young adults (18-24 years) are associated with a particularly high risk of suicide. A secondary aim was to ascertain how different self-harm methods might affect the probability of psychiatric follow up. Method: Five Swedish registers were linked in a national population-based cohort study. All nonfatal self-harm events recorded in specialist health care, excluding psychiatry and primary care services, among 10-24 year olds between 2000 and 2009 were included. Methods were classified as poisoning, cutting/piercing, violent method (gassing, hanging, strangulation/suffocation, drowning, jumping and firearms), other and multiple methods. Hazard Ratios (HR) for suicide were calculated in Cox regression models for each method with poisoning as the reference. Odds Ratios (OR) for psychiatric inpatient care were determined in logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for important covariates and stratified by age group and treatment setting (inpatient/outpatient). Results: Among adolescents with initial medical hospitalisation, use of a violent method was associated with a near eightfold increase in HR for suicide compared to self-poisoning in the adjusted analysis [HR 7.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-19.0]. Among hospitalised young adult women, adjusted HRs were elevated fourfold for both cutting [4.0 (1.9-8.8)] and violent methods [3.9 (1.5-10.6)]. Method of self-harm did not affect suicide risk in young adult men. Adolescents using violent methods had an increased probability of psychiatric inpatient care following initial treatment for self harm. Conclusions: Violent self-harm requiring medical hospitalisation may signal particularly high risk of future suicide in adolescents (both sexes) and in young adult women. For the latter group this is the case for cutting requiring hospitalisation as well.
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| 72. |
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| 73. |
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| 74. |
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| 75. |
- BLENNOW, M, et al.
(författare)
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Monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid following perinatal asphyxia
- 1995
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Ingår i: Biology of the neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 0006-3126. ; 67:6, s. 407-413
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the release of neurotransmitters is involved in the pathophysiology of brain damage following birth asphyxia, it also plays a role in endogenous defense against such damage. Levels of monoamines and the main cerebral monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in asphyxiated and control infants within 24 h after birth. The results indicate an increased turnover of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine following asphyxia. Furthermore, the NA stores in the brain seem to be exhausted in some cases. We conclude that this increase in catecholamine turnover to some extent explains the clinical symptoms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and that it may reflect an intrinsic adaptive capacity to perinatal distress.
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| 76. |
- Brandt, J., et al.
(författare)
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Acutely-dissociated Schwann cells used in tendon autografts for bridging nerve defects in rats: a new principle for tissue engineering in nerve reconstruction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. - 0284-4311. ; 39:6, s. 321-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method of acute dissociation of Schwann cells was used to study the effect of addition of such cells to a tendon autograft--a recently-described graft material--on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Autologous Schwann cells were obtained from enzymatic dissociation of predegenerated nerves. The tendon autografts were supplied with Schwann cells through brief in vitro coincubation. Schwann cell-free tendon autografts were used as controls. Axonal outgrowth was measured immunohistochemically after four, seven, and 10 days. At seven days, outgrowth was significantly longer in the pretreated autografts. The use of acutely-dissociated Schwann cells is a new approach to tissue engineering in nerve reconstruction, and may abolish the need for time-consuming culture of Schwann cells.
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| 77. |
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| 78. |
- Dahlin, Anna M, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Colorectal cancer prognosis depends on T-cell infiltration and molecular characteristics of the tumor
- 2011
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Ingår i: Modern Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0893-3952 .- 1530-0285. ; 24, s. 671-682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to relate the density of tumor infiltrating T cells to cancer-specific survival in colorectal cancer, taking into consideration the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and microsatellite instability (MSI) screening status. The T-cell marker CD3 was stained by immunohistochemistry in 484 archival tumor tissue samples. T-cell density was semiquantitatively estimated and scored 1-4 in the tumor front and center (T cells in stroma), and intraepithelially (T cells infiltrating tumor cell nests). Total CD3 score was calculated as the sum of the three CD3 scores (range 3-12). MSI screening status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. CIMP status was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (MethyLight) using an eight-gene panel. We found that patients whose tumors were highly infiltrated by T cells (total CD3 score ≥7) had longer survival compared with patients with poorly infiltrated tumors (total CD3 score ≤4). This finding was statistically significant in multivariate analyses (multivariate hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.00). Importantly, the finding was consistent in rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy. Although microsatellite unstable tumor patients are generally considered to have better prognosis, we found no difference in survival between microsatellite unstable and microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer patients with similar total CD3 scores. Patients with MSS tumors highly infiltrated by T cells had better prognosis compared with intermediately or poorly infiltrated microsatellite unstable tumors (log rank P=0.013). Regarding CIMP status, CIMP-low was associated with particularly poor prognosis in patients with poorly infiltrated tumors (multivariate hazard ratio for CIMP-low versus CIMP-negative, 3.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-6.15). However, some subset analyses suffered from low power and are in need of confirmation by independent studies. In conclusion, patients whose tumors are highly infiltrated by T cells have a beneficial prognosis, regardless of MSI, whereas the role of CIMP status in this context is less clear.
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| 79. |
- Dahlin, Anna M, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer : a nested case-referent study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 32:2, s. 304-314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this nested case-referent study, we related plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 to the risk of colorectal cancer, taking into consideration prediagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. Subjects were 226 cases and double matched referents from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Follow-up times from recruitment to diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 12.7 years, with a median of 4.2 years. Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of rectal cancer: univariate odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quintile 0.34 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.13-0.83), p(trend) = 0.004. Risk estimates were attenuated slightly but remained statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index, current smoking, recreational and occupational physical activity, alcohol intake and prediagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations: OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.08-0.99), p(trend) = 0.025. The corresponding univariate and fully adjusted odds ratios for colon cancer were 1.25 (CI 0.66-2.36), p(trend) = 0.185 and 1.42 (CI 0.67-3.05), p(trend) = 0.113, respectively. The observed over-risk was attributable to left-sided colon cancer. Interaction analyses including vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine were in line with the results for vitamin B12 alone. In conclusion, these results suggest that increasing levels of plasma vitamin B12, alone or together with other factors involved in one-carbon metabolism, may reduce the risk of rectal cancer, whereas for colon cancer, the association appears to be less clear.
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| 80. |
- Dahlin, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Relation between Established Glioma Risk Variants and DNA Methylation in the Tumor
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have identified several genetic variants that increase glioma risk. The majority of these variants are non-coding and the mechanisms behind the increased risk in carriers are not known. In this study, we hypothesize that some of the established glioma risk variants induce aberrant DNA methylation in the developing tumor, either locally (gene-specific) or globally (genome-wide). In a pilot data set including 77 glioma patients, we used Illumina beadchip technology to analyze genetic variants in blood and DNA methylation in matched tumor samples. To validate our findings, we used data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, including 401 glioblastoma patients. Consensus clustering identified the glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (gCIMP) and two additional subgroups with distinct patterns of global DNA methylation. In the pilot dataset, gCIMP was associated with two genetic variants in CDKN2B-AS1, rs1412829 and rs4977756 (9p21.3, p = 8.1 x 10(-7) and 4.8 x 10(-5), respectively). The association was in the same direction in the TCGA dataset, although statistically significant only when combining individuals with AG and GG genotypes. We also investigated the relation between glioma risk variants and DNA methylation in the promoter region of genes located within 30 kb of each variant. One association in the pilot dataset, between the TERT risk variant rs2736100 and lower methylation of cg23827991 (in TERT; p = 0.001), was confirmed in the TCGA dataset (p = 0.001). In conclusion, we found an association between rs1412829 and rs4977756 (9p21.3, CDKN2B-AS1) and global DNA methylation pattern in glioma, for which a trend was seen also in the TCGA glioblastoma dataset. We also found an association between rs2736100 (in TERT) and levels of methylation at cg23827991 (localized in the same gene, 3.3 kbp downstream of the risk variant), which was validated in the TCGA dataset. Except for this one association, we did not find strong evidence for gene-specific DNA methylation mediated by glioma risk variants.
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| 81. |
- Dahlin, Anna M, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of the CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer prognosis depends on microsatellite instability screening status
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 16:6, s. 1845-1855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to relate the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP; characterized by extensive promoter hypermethylation) to cancer-specific survival in colorectal cancer, taking into consideration relevant clinicopathologic factors, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) screening status and the BRAF V600E mutation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival tumor samples from 190 patients from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) and 414 patients from the Colorectal Cancer in Umeå Study (CRUMS), including 574 with cancer-specific survival data, were analyzed for an eight-gene CIMP panel using quantitative real-time PCR (MethyLight). MSI screening status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: CIMP-low patients had a shorter cancer-specific survival compared with CIMP-negative patients (multivariate hazard ratio in NSHDS, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.37; multivariate hazard ratio in CRUMS, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.22). This result was similar in subgroups based on MSI screening status and was statistically significant in microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors in NSHDS. For CIMP-high patients, a shorter cancer-specific survival compared with CIMP-negative patients was observed in the MSS subgroup. Statistical significance was lost after adjusting for the BRAF mutation, but the main findings were generally unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found a poor prognosis in CIMP-low patients regardless of MSI screening status, and in CIMP-high patients with MSS. Although not consistently statistically significant, these results were consistent in two separate patient groups and emphasize the potential importance of CIMP and MSI status in colorectal cancer research.
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| 82. |
- Dahlin, Christer, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Histological morphology of the e-PTFE/tissue interface in humans subjected to guided bone regeneration in conjunction with oral implant treatment.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161. ; 9:2, s. 100-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present investigation was to study the histological morphology of the e-PTFE membrane/tissue interface in 5 humans subjected to GBR treatment in conjunction with oral implant treatment. Oral implants (Brånemark System) were inserted in extraction sockets 1 to 2 months after extraction of periodontally diseased teeth. The implants were placed approximately 2 mm below the surrounding bone margins. Specially designed 3 mm high cover-screws with horizontal slits for tissue ingrowth were applied to the implants and covered with e-PTFE membranes (GoreTex Augmentation Material). Re-entry was made 7 months later, except in 1 case where the membrane was removed 1 month postoperatively due to exposure and infection. In the remaining 4 sites, circular biopsies comprising membranes, tissues and cover-screws were retrieved. The specimens were fixated, processed and sectioned for light- and transmission electron microscopy. The space between the membrane and the cover-screw was occupied by fibrous tissue and varying amounts of bone. A cell- and vessel-rich fibrous tissue separated the bone from the membrane in the majority of the specimens. The membrane itself was penetrated by fibrous tissue. Fibroblasts and macrophages were the main cell types found in the fibrous tissue. The presence of irregularly shaped cells and unevenly distributed collagen fibres, indicated that the absence of bone formation may be due either to micromovements in the e-PTFE/tissue interface or to formation of fibrous tissue underneath the membrane by penetrating fibroblasts or a combination of these 2 phenomena.
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| 83. |
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| 87. |
- Dahlin, JS, et al.
(författare)
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A single-cell hematopoietic landscape resolves 8 lineage trajectories and defects in Kit mutant mice
- 2018
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 131:21, s. E1-E11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-cell transcriptional landscape of 44 802 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells defines entry points to 8 different blood lineages. Comparison with 13 815 c-Kit mutant cells identifies pleiotropic changes in cell type abundance and underlying molecular profiles.
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| 88. |
- Dahlin, Johan
(författare)
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Sequential Monte Carlo for inference in nonlinear state space models
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nonlinear state space models (SSMs) are a useful class of models to describe many different kinds of systems. Some examples of its applications are to model; the volatility in financial markets, the number of infected persons during an influenza epidemic and the annual number of major earthquakes around the world. In this thesis, we are concerned with state inference, parameter inference and input design for nonlinear SSMs based on sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods.The state inference problem consists of estimating some latent variable that is not directly observable in the output from the system. The parameter inference problem is concerned with fitting a pre-specified model structure to the observed output from the system. In input design, we are interested in constructing an input to the system, which maximises the information that is available about the parameters in the system output. All of these problems are analytically intractable for nonlinear SSMs. Instead, we make use of SMC to approximate the solution to the state inference problem and to solve the input design problem. Furthermore, we make use of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Bayesian optimisation (BO) to solve the parameter inference problem.In this thesis, we propose new methods for parameter inference in SSMs using both Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference. More specifically, we propose a new proposal for the particle Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, which includes gradient and Hessian information about the target distribution. We demonstrate that the use of this proposal can reduce the length of the burn-in phase and improve the mixing of the Markov chain.Furthermore, we develop a novel parameter inference method based on the combination of BO and SMC. We demonstrate that this method requires a relatively small amount of samples from the analytically intractable likelihood, which are computationally costly to obtain. Therefore, it could be a good alternative to other optimisation based parameter inference methods. The proposed BO and SMC combination is also extended for parameter inference in nonlinear SSMs with intractable likelihoods using approximate Bayesian computations. This method is used for parameter inference in a stochastic volatility model with -stable returns using real-world financial data.Finally, we develop a novel method for input design in nonlinear SSMs which makes use of SMC methods to estimate the expected information matrix. This information is used in combination with graph theory and convex optimisation to estimate optimal inputs with amplitude constraints. We also consider parameter estimation in ARX models with Student-t innovations and unknown model orders. Two different algorithms are used for this inference: reversible Jump Markov chain Monte Carlo and Gibbs sampling with sparseness priors. These methods are used to model real-world EEG data with promising results.
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| 89. |
- Dahlin, L B, et al.
(författare)
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Axonal growth in mesothelial chambers : effects of a proximal preconditioning lesion and/or predegeneration of the distal nerve stump
- 1988
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 99:3, s. 63-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preformed, autologous mesothelial chambers were utilized to study axonal growth following selective predegeneration of the distal nerve stump and/or preconditioning of the proximal nerve stump. The left and/or right sciatic nerve of rats was exposed and transected in the thigh. Two weeks after transection, the left proximal nerve stump was cross-anastomosed with the right distal nerve stump by using a mesothelial chamber leaving a 15-mm gap between the two nerve stumps. Previous studies have shown that axonal overgrowth normally does not occur over this gap distance to the distal stump. Three months after cross-anastomosing, regeneration across the 15-mm gap was evaluated by muscle action potential recordings and light microscopical examination. In experiments in which a distal nerve stump was selectively degenerated and the proximal segment was freshly cut, axons had bridged the 15-mm gap in six of seven rats. When a proximal preconditioned nerve stump was matched with a freshly cut distal stump, axonal overgrowth occurred in only 4 of 10 experiments. In experiments including a proximal preconditioned nerve stump and a distal predegenerated stump, axons bridged the gap in 6 of 8 experiments. We concluded that a priming lesion, including manipulation with proximal and/or distal stump, enhances axonal growth in mesothelial chambers.
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| 90. |
- Dahlin, L B, et al.
(författare)
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Stimulation of nerve regeneration by macrophages in granulation tissue
- 1996
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Ingår i: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. - 0922-6028. ; 9:3, s. 9-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of granulation tissue exposure on regeneration of sensory axons after a test crush lesion in rat sciatic nerves were studied. Chromic catgut threads were applied subcutaneously in the back of rats. Three weeks later the surrounding granulation tissue was isolated and transposed to the sciatic or tibial nerve in the same rat. Immunocytochemical, light and electron microscopic evaluation of the isolated granulation tissue revealed numerous EDI and ED2 positive macrophages. After an additional three weeks the sciatic nerves were crushed and the axonal outgrowth lengths were measured by the pinch reflex test and by neurofilament staining 3 or 6 days later. The regeneration distances in the sciatic nerve exposed to granulation tissue were significantly longer compared with that of nerves to which only subcutaneous tissue was transposed. Thus, the nerve had become conditioned by the transposure of macrophage rich tissue. After the transposure macrophages were present close to the nerve at the time point of the test crush lesion, but no signs of degeneration or inflammation in the endoneurial space were observed. It was also found that the outgrowth lengths in the tibial nerve branch were consistently longer than in the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve. It is concluded that granulation tissue, containing macrophages, can induce a conditioning effect in the sciatic nerve. We suggest that this effect is related to factors emanating from macrophages in the transposed tissue.
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| 91. |
- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Functional recovery and mechanisms in end-to-side nerve repair in rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplementum. - Vienna : Springer Vienna. - 0065-1419. ; 100, s. 93-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-to-side nerve repair is attachment of a single distal nerve segment (recipient nerve) end-to-side to an intact donor nerve when there is a lack of proximal nerve segment after injury. The technique is currently used clinically but the mechanism(s) behind this technique are essentially unknown. METHODS: We have studied end-to-side nerve repair in the forelimb of rats, where a single distal radial nerve or an ulnar or a median, or both, nerves are attached end-to-side to an intact musculocutaneous nerve. We have studied functional recovery, origin of the regenerating axons and cell activation by the end-to-side nerve repair. FINDINGS: Functional recovery occurs after end-to-side nerve repair but is less sufficient than conventional end-to-end nerve repair or a nerve graft procedure. Sensory and motor axons grow from the musculocutaneous nerve out into the attached nerve segment(s). An injury is required to the musculocutaneous nerve to activate sensory and motor neurons as well as Schwann cells in the musculocutaneous nerve for initiation of regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: End-to-side nerve repair may be an alternative method in specific cases of complex nerve injuries to reconstruct nerve trunks when no other repair options are possible. Some functional recovery does occur but regeneration of sensory and motor axons require an injury to the neurons of the donor nerve.
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| 92. |
- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Schwann cells, acutely dissociated from a predegenerated nerve trunk, can be applied into a matrix used to bridge nerve defects in rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplementum. - 0065-1419. ; 100, s. 57-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The gold standard to reconstruct a nerve defect is a conventional autologous nerve graft. There may be a lack of such grafts in severe nerve injuries. Alternatives to autologous nerve grafts are needed. METHODS: We have developed a technique where mainly Schwann cells are acutely dissociated from the ends of the severed nerve trunk after nerve injury. The technique does not require long-term cell culture procedures. The obtained cells, which can be dissociated within a few hours, are applied to a silicone tube or a tendon autograft used to bridge a nerve defect. FINDINGS: Dissociated cells from the ends of the severed nerve ends consist of more than 85% of Schwann cells. The remaining cells are ED1 stained macrophages. The cells survive transfer to a silicone tube or a tendon autograft which bridge the nerve defect. Axons do grow through such a graft filled with dissociated cells. CONCLUSION: Our novel model to obtain mainly Schwann cells by dissociation of the cells from the severed nerve ends after injury and add them to a matrix, thereby creating an artificial nerve graft, may be a new technique with potential clinical application in nerve reconstruction.
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