| 51. |
- Axelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Sustained Sleep Restriction on Mitogen-Stimulated Cytokines, Chemokines and T Helper 1/T Helper 2 Balance in Humans
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies suggest that acute sleep deprivation disrupts cellular immune responses by shifting T helper (Th) cell activity towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Since little is known about more long-term effects, we investigated how five days of sleep restriction would affect pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, Th1- and Th2 cytokine secretion. Methods: Nine healthy males participated in an experimental sleep protocol with two baseline sleep-wake cycles (sleep 23.00 - 07.00 h) followed by 5 days with restricted sleep (03.00 - 07.00 h). On the second baseline day and on the fifth day with restricted sleep, samples were drawn every third hour for determination of cytokines/chemokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL) -1 beta, IL-2, IL-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood samples with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Also leukocyte numbers, mononuclear cells and cortisol were analysed. Results: 5-days of sleep restriction affected PHA-induced immune responses in several ways. There was a general decrease of IL-2 production (p<.05). A shift in Th1/Th2 cytokine balance was also evident, as determined by a decrease in IL2/IL4 ratio. No other main effects of restricted sleep were shown. Two significant interactions showed that restricted sleep resulted in increased TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in the late evening and early night hours (p's<.05). In addition, all variables varied across the 24 h day. Conclusions: 5-days of sleep restriction is characterized by a shift towards Th2 activity (i.e. lower 1L-2/IL-4 ratio) which is similar to the effects of acute sleep deprivation and psychological stress. This may have implications for people suffering from conditions characterized by excessive Th2 activity like in allergic disease, such as asthma, for whom restricted sleep could have negative consequences. BAS AK, 1991, IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS, V123, P5
|
|
| 52. |
- Basic, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Context-dependent responses to novelty in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), selected for high and low post-stress cortisol responsiveness
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 105:5, s. 1175-1181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies in a rainbow trout model, selectively bred for high (HR) and low (LR) post stress plasma cortisol levels, have yielded data that are indicative of contrasting stress coping styles. Fish from the HR line have been suggested to display a more diverse behavioral repertoire in challenging situations than the LR counterpart. The present study addressed whether such variation in behavioral flexibility traits was evident in different experimental settings using these selection lines. The fish were subjected to three sets of challenges (novel object test, resident-intruder test and confinement stressor test), all which were repeated a week later. Introducing a novel object evoked a divergent behavioral response in association with feeding: fish from the LR line displayed consistently suppressed feed intake while the HR fish remained unaffected. This observation was found to be repeatable along with attack latency and movement activity from the resident-intruder and confinement stressor tests. These results indicate that the behavioral responses in this animal model are context-dependent and shed new light on the expression of behavioral flexibility.
|
|
| 53. |
|
|
| 54. |
|
|
| 55. |
|
|
| 56. |
|
|
| 57. |
|
|
| 58. |
|
|
| 59. |
|
|
| 60. |
|
|
| 61. |
- DUGATKIN, LA, et al.
(författare)
-
DELAYED BREEDING AND THE EVOLUTION OF MATE COPYING IN LEKKING SPECIES
- 1995
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD. - 0022-5193. ; 174:3, s. 261-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent experimental evidence indicates that females may copy the mate choice of others. Here, we present a model for the evolution of mate copying Strategies in lekking species. In the model, all females (copiers and non-copiers) assess male quality, but
|
|
| 62. |
|
|
| 63. |
- Flesch, BK, et al.
(författare)
-
Multicenter Study on Differential Human Neutrophil Antigen 2 Expression and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-3796. ; 47:5, s. 385-395
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> The human neutrophil antigen 2 (HNA-2), which is expressed on CD177, is undetectable in 3–5% of the normal population. Exposure of these HNA-2<sub>null</sub> individuals to HNA-2-positive cells can cause immunization and production of HNA-2 antibodies, which can induce immune neutropenia and transfusion-related acute lung injury. In HNA-2-positive individuals, neutrophils are divided into a CD177<sup>pos.</sup> and a CD177<sup>neg.</sup> subpopulation. The molecular background of HNA-2 deficiency and the bimodal expression pattern, however, are not completely decoded. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> An international collaboration was conducted on the genetic analysis of HNA-2-phenotyped blood samples, including HNA-2-deficient individuals, mothers, and the respective children with neonatal immune neutropenia and regular blood donors. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From a total of 54 HNA-2<sub>null</sub> individuals, 43 were homozygous for the <i>CD177</i>*<i>787A>T</i> substitution. Six carried the <i>CD177</i>*<i>c.1291G>A</i> single nucleotide polymorphism. All HNA-2-positive samples with >40% CD177<sup>pos.</sup> neutrophils carried the *<i>787A</i> wild-type allele, whereas a lower rate of CD177<sup>pos.</sup> neutrophils was preferentially associated with *<i>c.787AT</i> heterozygosity. Interestingly, only the *<i>c.787A</i> allele sequence was detected in complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence analysis carried out on all *<i>c.787AT</i> heterozygous individuals. However, cDNA analysis after sorting of CD177<sup>pos.</sup> and CD177<sup>neg.</sup> neutrophil subsets from HNA-2-positive individuals showed identical sequences, which makes regulatory elements within the promoter unlikely to affect <i>CD177</i> gene transcription in different CD177 neutrophil subsets. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This comprehensive study clearly demonstrates the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on the expression of HNA-2 on the neutrophil surface but challenges the hypothesis of regulatory epigenetic effects being implicated in the bimodal CD177 expression pattern.
|
|
| 64. |
|
|
| 65. |
- GIBSON, RM, et al.
(författare)
-
COPYING AND SEXUAL SELECTION
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 7:7, s. 229-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 66. |
|
|
| 67. |
|
|
| 68. |
- Hagell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Apomorphine formulation may influence subcutaneous complications from continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267:11, s. 3411-3417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) apomorphine infusion is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but a limitation is the formation of troublesome s.c. nodules. Various chemically non-identical apomorphine formulations are available. Anecdotal experiences have suggested that shifting from one of these (Apo-Go PumpFill®; apoGPF) to another (Apomorphine PharmSwed®; apoPS) may influence the occurrence and severity of s.c. nodules. We, therefore, followed 15 people with advanced PD (median PD-duration, 15 years; median "off"-phase Hoehn and Yahr, IV) on apoGPF and with troublesome s.c. nodules who were switched to apoPS. Data were collected at baseline, at the time of switching, and at a median of 1, 2.5, and 7.3 months post-switch. Total nodule numbers (P < 0.001), size (P < 0.001), consistency (P < 0.001), skin changes (P = 0.058), and pain (P ≤ 0.032) improved over the observation period. PD severity and dyskinesias tended to improve and increase, respectively. Apomorphine doses were stable, but levodopa doses increased by 100 mg/day. Patient-reported apomorphine efficacy tended to increase and all participants remained on apoPS throughout the observation period; with the main patient-reported reason being improved nodules. These observations suggest that patients with s.c. nodules caused by apoGPF may benefit from switching to apoPS in terms of s.c. nodule occurrence and severity. Alternatively, observed benefits may have been due to the switch itself. As nodule formation is a limiting factor in apomorphine treatment, a controlled prospective study comparing local tolerance with different formulations is warranted.
|
|
| 69. |
|
|
| 70. |
|
|
| 71. |
- Hoglund, J, et al.
(författare)
-
A non-lekking population of black grouse Tetrao tetrix
- 1997
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0908-8857. ; 28:2, s. 184-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a two-year study of an area in central Sweden a population of Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix was found in which displaying males were not clustered on leks. The study area which covered approximately 44 km(2) contained 19 and 30-35 displaying males in 1995
|
|
| 72. |
|
|
| 73. |
- Hoglund, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Behaviourally mediated sexual selection: Characteristics of successful male black grouse
- 1997
-
Ingår i: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0003-3472. ; 54, s. 255-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent studies of lekking animals suggest that a suite of characters may be favoured by sexual selection. Examples of such traits are high survival, increased androgen levels, territory features and morphological characters including exaggerated morpholog
|
|
| 74. |
|
|
| 75. |
- Hoglund, J
(författare)
-
Can mating systems affect local extinction risks? Two examples of lek-breeding waders
- 1996
-
Ingår i: OIKOS. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0030-1299. ; 77:2, s. 184-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In behavioural ecology the mating systems of species and populations are of major concern. This issue, as any other aspect of sociality, e.g. colonial breeding, should also be a matter for conservation biology. Using examples from two lek-breeding waders
|
|
| 76. |
|
|
| 77. |
|
|
| 78. |
|
|
| 79. |
|
|
| 80. |
|
|
| 81. |
|
|
| 82. |
|
|
| 83. |
- HOGLUND, J, et al.
(författare)
-
MATE-CHOICE COPYING IN BLACK GROUSE
- 1995
-
Ingår i: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR. - : ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD. - 0003-3472. ; 49:6, s. 1627-1633
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent field studies of lekking birds and mammals have provided evidence that mate selection in these mating systems may be affected partly by females copying the choices of others. Two pieces of evidence from black grouse, Tetrao tetrix, leks consistent
|
|
| 84. |
- HOGLUND, J, et al.
(författare)
-
MATE-CHOICE COPYING IN BLACK GROUSE
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472 .- 1095-8282. ; 49:6, s. 1627-1633
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 85. |
|
|
| 86. |
|
|
| 87. |
|
|
| 88. |
|
|
| 89. |
|
|
| 90. |
|
|
| 91. |
- Hoglund, J, et al.
(författare)
-
The cost of reproduction and sexual selection
- 1998
-
Ingår i: OIKOS. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0030-1299. ; 83:3, s. 478-483
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When analysing how individuals allocate resources, sexual display should be regarded as is any other life-history trait: patterns of allocation are expected to be individually optimised. It thus follows that the costs of sexual selection cannot be studied
|
|
| 92. |
|
|
| 93. |
|
|
| 94. |
|
|
| 95. |
- Hoglund, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Time-frequency and complexity analyses for differentiation of physiologic murmurs from heart murmurs caused by aortic stenosis in boxers
- 2007
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 68:9, s. 962-969
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - To investigate whether time-frequency and complexity analyses of heart murmurs can be used to differentiate physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by aortic stenosis (AS) in Boxers. Animals - 27 Boxers with murmurs. Procedures - Dogs were evaluated via auscultation and echocardiography. Analyses of time-frequency properties (TFPs, ie, maximal murmur frequency and duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz) and correlation dimension (T2) of murmurs were performed on phonocardiographic sound data. Time-frequency property and T2 analyses of low-intensity murmurs in 16 dogs without AS were performed at 7 weeks and 12 months of age. Additionally, TFP and T2 analyses were performed on data obtained from 11 adult AS-affected dogs with murmurs. Results - In dogs with low-intensity murmurs, TFP or T2 values at 7 weeks and 12 months did not differ significantly. For differentiation of physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS, duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz was useful and the combination assessment of duration of frequency > 200 Hz and T2 of the murmur had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 82%. Maximal murmur frequency did not differentiate dogs with AS from those without AS. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Results suggested that assessment of the duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz can be used to distinguish physiologic heart murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS in Boxers. Combination of this analysis with T2 analysis may be a useful complementary method for diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular function in dogs.
|
|
| 96. |
- Hoglund, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective optical doping to predict the performance and reveal the origin of photocurrent peaks in quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors
- 2009
-
Ingår i: INFRARED PHYSICS and TECHNOLOGY. - Exeter : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4495 .- 1879-0275. ; 52:6, s. 272-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant optical pumping across the band gap was used as artificial doping in InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors. Through efficient filling of the quantum dot energy levels by simultaneous optical pumping into the ground states and the excited states of the quantum dots, the response was increased by a factor of 10. Low temperature photocurrent peaks observed at 120 and 148 meV were identified as intersubband transitions emanating from the quantum dot ground state and the quantum dot excited state, respectively by a selective increase of the electron population in the different quantum dot energy levels.
|
|
| 97. |
|
|
| 98. |
|
|
| 99. |
|
|
| 100. |
- HOVI, M, et al.
(författare)
-
LEK CENTER ATTRACTS BLACK GROUSE FEMALES
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 258:1353, s. 303-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
