| 51. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Coputer based phonological intervention : Effects on phonological processing
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with mild to profound hearing impairment (HI) using cochlear implants (CI) and/or hearingaids (HA), and children with normal hearing (NH) participated in a phonological intervention study, bymeans of a computer‐based intervention program (Graphogame, Lyytinen et al., 2009). Children were 5,6 and 7 years of age. Thirty‐two of the children used CI and/or HA. 16 children with NH served as thecontrol group. The main design was a quasi‐experimental 3 x 3 design. Each test session was separatedin time with four weeks. All children were asked to practice 10 minutes per day at home supported bytheir parents, with an intervention program primarily developed to enhance phonemic differentiation.Results showed that the children with HI displayed a heterogeneous pattern of results, specifically withrespect to their performance on the phonological tasks. Approximately 20 percent performed within therange of NH children; these were all children with HA except one child with CI/HA. Children with CIdisplayed considerable difficulty with phonological working memory whereas children with HAshowed less knowledge in letter tasks. Intervention revealed positive effects on accuracy of phonemegraphemecorrespondence for all children and a significant positive change on phonological processingskills for children with weak initial phonological skills. Enhanced phoneme‐grapheme connections maybuild associations between the phonological lexicon and the sub‐lexical phonological representations,thereby improving underlying skills essential for word learning and the development of literacy. Implicationsof this are discussed within theoretical models of phonological and lexical processing (Goswami,2000; Ramus, 2001).
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| 52. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Datorbaserad fonologisk intervention för barn med cochleaimplantat (CI) och/eller hörapparat (HA) : effekter på fonologiska färdigheter
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Logopednytt. - Stockholm, Sweden : Svenska Logopedförbundet (SLOF). - 1102-500X. ; :3, s. 18-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children with mild to profound hearing impairment 5, 6 and 7 years of age, thirty-two using cochlear implants and/or hearing aids, and sixteen normal hearing children participated in a computer based phonological intervention study.The main design was a quasi-experimental design with three test sessions separated in time with four weeks. Each test session included tasks for phonological skills and letter knowledge. All children were asked to practice 10 minutes per day.Results showed that children with HI displayed a heterogeneous pattern of results with respect to phonological skills. Only 20 percent performed within the range of NH children; these were children with HA, except one child with CI/HA.Group comparisons at the first and last test session revealed that children with CI displayed difficulty with phonological working memory whereas children with HA showed less letter knowledge. Intervention revealed positive effects on accuracy of phoneme-grapheme correspondence for all children and a significant positive change on phonological processing skills for children with weak initial phonological skills.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of phonological change in deaf and hard of hearing children who use cochlear implants or hearing aids
- 2014
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine cognitive abilities (i.e., working memory (WM), lexical access, phonological processing skills (PhPS), and letter knowledge) in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) children in relation to a reference group with normal hearing (NH) children pre intervention with a computer-assisted program that focused on phonological coding. A more specific purpose was to explore how cognitive abilities were associated to PhPS pre intervention and to phonological change post intervention in D/HH children in general, and specifically in D/HH children with weak initial PhPS.Methods: Participants were thirty-two children using cochlear implants or hearing aids, or both in combination, and sixteen children with NH 5, 6 and 7 years of age. Children practiced with phonological coding 10 min per day for 4 weeks with support by their parents. Cognitive abilities were examined pre and post intervention.Results: NH and D/HH children displayed a similar performance level on the majority of cognitive tasks, but the D/HH children demonstrated weaker lexical access and PhPS. A significant correlation between complex WM and PhPS pre intervention was only observed in D/HH children. Weak initial performance on one phonological processing task capturing both lower level and higher level auditory processing was the main significant predictor of phonological change in all D/HH children. In D/HH children with weak initial PhPS letter naming was associated with phonological change.Conclusions: The associations between complex working memory and PhPS in D/HH children and the lack of such associations in children with NH may indicate that phonological processing skills require more cognitive resources in the D/HH children. Letter knowledge can act as a driving force for phonological change following intervention in D/HH children with weak PhPS.
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| 60. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Reading Ability and Working Memory in School-Age Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Using Cochlear Implants and/or Hearing Aids : A 3-Year Follow-Up on Computer-Based Phonics Training
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 2381-473X. ; 5:6, s. 1388-1399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of the current study was to investigate reading ability in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) using cochlear implants (CI) or hearing aids (HA) 3 years after computer-assisted phonics intervention. Reading ability was examined in relation to cognitive and audiological aspects and compared to a reference group of children with typical hearing (TH).MethodParticipants were 73 Swedish primary school children (Mdn = 9 years). Fifty-five of the children were TH, and 18 children were DHH using CI (n = 10) or HA (n = 8). Twenty-seven of the children (all children who were DHH and nine of the children with TH) had participated in computer-based phonics intervention 3 years earlier. Children were assessed on word and nonword decoding, reading comprehension, and three working memory (WM) tasks. Age at diagnosis, age of amplification, and duration of unaided hearing loss formed the audiological variables.ResultsComparable word decoding skills and reading comprehension were observed in all three groups (CI, HA, and TH). Children with CI showed strong and significant correlations between two aspects of WM capacity (phonological and complex WM) and all aspects of reading. For children with TH, similar but weaker correlations as in children with CI was observed, and correlations with visual WM were also evident. In children with HA only, complex WM correlated strongly and significantly with nonword decoding. Duration of unaided hearing loss was the single audiological variable that was significantly associated with reading.ConclusionsThis 3-year follow-up showed overall positive reading results at the group level in children who are DHH. However, some children still lag behind their peers with TH. Early hearing experience and intervention are stressed as crucial factors in preventing negative outcomes in these children.
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| 61. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Segmental and suprasegmental properties in nonword repetition : An explorative study of the associations with nonword decoding in children with normal hearing and children with bilateral cochlear implants
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 29:3, s. 216-235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explored nonword repetition (NWR) and nonword decoding in normalhearing (NH) children and in children with cochlear implants (CIs). Participants were 11 children with bilateral CIs, 5:0-7:11 years (M = 6.5 yrs.), and 11 NH children, individually age-matched to the children with CIs. The purpose was twofold; to thoroughly describe aspects of repetition and decoding of novel words and to study possible associations between them. All children were assessed after having practiced with a computer-assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach during four weeks. Results showed that NH children outperformed children with CIs on the majority of aspects of NWR. The analysis of syllable length in NWR revealed that children with CIs made more syllable omissions than did the NH children, and predominantly in prestressed positions. Additionally, the consonant cluster analysis showed significantly more consonant omissions and substitutions in children with CIs suggesting that reaching fine- grained levels of phonological processing was particularly difficult for these children. No significant difference was found for decoding accuracy between the groups, as measured by percent nonwords and percent phonemes correctly decoded, but differences were observed regarding error patterns. Further, phoneme deletions and lexicalizing of nonwords occurred more often in children with CIs than in those with NH. The correlation analysis revealed that the ability to repeat consonant clusters in NWR had the strongest associations to nonword decoding in both groups.
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| 62. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
The Phonics Approach in Swedish Children using Cochlear Implants or Hearing Aids : Inspecting Phonological Gain
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2375-4427. ; 2:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated cognitive abilities (i.e. Phonological Processing Skills (PhPS), lexical access, complex and visual Working Memory (WM), and letter knowledge) in Deaf and Hard of Hearing children (DHH) 5, 6 and 7 years of age using cochlear implants or hearing aids. Children with Normal Hearing (NH) served as a reference group. All children took part of a computer-assisted intervention with a phonics approach for 4 weeks aimed to support PhPS. The first aim of the study was to examine associations between cognitive abilities and Phonological Processing Skills (PhPS) pre intervention in DHH and NH children respectively. The second aim was to examine cognitive predictors of phonological gain post intervention. Finally, the influence of background variables on phonological gain was examined in NH and DHH respectively and in DHH children with weak PhPS particularly. Results showed comparable performance level in NH and DHH children on the majority of cognitive tasks, but weaker PhPS and lexical access in the DHH children. A significant association between PhPS and complex WM was only evident in DHH children. This finding suggests that DHH recruit more cognitive resources in phonological processing. A phonological representation task was the single predictor of phonological gain in DHH children. Children with initial weak performance on this task but had letter-naming skills, displayed relatively more phonological gain from the phonics training. Children with difficulties with the phonological representation task were older when diagnosed and had an older age at amplification. Further, these children displayed broader cognitive difficulties, suggesting that reduced access to auditory stimulation may have wide ranging effects on cognitive development.
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Nilsson-Ardnor, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Linkage of ischemic stroke to the PDE4D region on 5q in a Swedish population.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 36:8, s. 1666-1671
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent Icelandic studies have demonstrated linkage for common forms of stroke to chromosome 5q12 and association between phosphodiesterase4D (PDE4D) and ischemic stroke. Using a candidate region approach, we wanted to test the validity of these findings in a different population from northern Sweden. METHODS: A total of 56 families with 117 affected individuals were included in the linkage study. Genotyping was performed with polymorphic microsatellite markers with an average distance of 4.5 cM on chromosome 5. In the association study, 275 cases of first-ever stroke were included together with 550 matched community controls. Polymorphisms were tested individually for association of PDE4D to stroke. RESULTS: Maximum allele-sharing lod score in favor of linkage was observed at marker locus D5S424 (lod score=2.06; P=0.0010). Conditional logistic regression calculations revealed no significant association of ischemic stroke to the defined at-risk allele in PDE4D (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.45). A protective effect may though be implied for 2 of the polymorphisms analyzed in PDE4D. CONCLUSIONS: Using a candidate region approach in a set of stroke families from northern Sweden, we have replicated linkage of stroke susceptibility to the PDE4D gene region on chromosome 5q. Association studies in an independent nested case-control sample from the same geographically located population suggested that different alleles confer susceptibility/protection to stroke in the Icelandic and the northern Swedish populations.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Prakash, Om, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring the Photophysical Properties of a Homoleptic Iron(II) Tetra N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex by Attaching an Imidazolium Group to the (C∧N∧C) Pincer Ligand─A Comparative Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 63:6, s. 2909-2918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here report the synthesis of the homoleptic iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 (miHpbmi = 4-((3-methyl-1H-imidazolium-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)) and its electrochemical and photophysical properties. The introduction of the π-electron-withdrawing 3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl group into the NHC ligand framework resulted in stabilization of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state and destabilization of the metal-centered (MC) states. This resulted in an improved excited-state lifetime of 16 ps compared to the 9 ps for the unsubstituted parent compound [Fe(pbmi)2](PF6)2 (pbmi = (pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)) as well as a stronger MLCT absorption band extending more toward the red spectral region. However, compared to the carboxylic acid derivative [Fe(cpbmi)2](PF6)2 (cpbmi = 1,1′-(4-carboxypyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)), the excited-state lifetime of [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 is the same, but both the extinction and the red shift are more pronounced for the former. Hence, this makes [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 a promising pH-insensitive analogue of [Fe(cpbmi)2](PF6)2. Finally, the excited-state dynamics of the title compound [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 was investigated in solvents with different viscosities, however, showing very little dependency of the depopulation of the excited states on the properties of the solvent used.
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| 67. |
- Sjödin, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome characterisation of the genus Francisella reveals insight into similar evolutionary paths in pathogens of mammals and fish
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 13, s. 268-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prior to this study, relatively few strains of Francisella had been genome-sequenced. Previously published Francisella genome sequences were largely restricted to the zoonotic agent F. tularensis. Only limited data were available for other members of the Francisella genus, including F. philomiragia, an opportunistic pathogen of humans, F. noatunensis, a serious pathogen of farmed fish, and other less well described endosymbiotic species. Results: We determined the phylogenetic relationships of all known Francisella species, including some for which the phylogenetic positions were previously uncertain. The genus Francisella could be divided into two main genetic clades: one included F. tularensis, F. novicida, F. hispaniensis and Wolbachia persica, and another included F. philomiragia and F. noatunensis. Some Francisella species were found to have significant recombination frequencies. However, the fish pathogen F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis was an exception due to it exhibiting a highly clonal population structure similar to the human pathogen F. tularensis. Conclusions: The genus Francisella can be divided into two main genetic clades occupying both terrestrial and marine habitats. However, our analyses suggest that the ancestral Francisella species originated in a marine habitat. The observed genome to genome variation in gene content and IS elements of different species supports the view that similar evolutionary paths of host adaptation developed independently in F. tularensis (infecting mammals) and F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis (infecting fish).
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| 68. |
- Skogsberg, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of injector parameters on mixture formation for multi-hole nozzles in a spray-guided gasoline di engine
- 2005
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on ways of improving the spray formation from spray-guided multi-hole gasoline direct injection injectors. Work has been done both experimentally using laser diagnostic tools and numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) measurements in a constant pressure spray chamber and optical engine measurements have shown that injectors with 6-hole nozzles and 50-degree umbrella angles are unsuitable for stratified combustion because they produce steep air-fuel ratio gradients and create a spray with overly-deep liquid fuel penetration as well as presence of liquid fuel around the spark plug. In order to study injector performance, numerical calculations using the AVL FIRE™ CFD code were performed. The numerical results indicate that by increasing the injector umbrella angle, the extent of piston wall wetting can be decreased. Also, changing the pattern of holes in the nozzle changes the spray pattern, enabling its optimization with respect to ignition and flame propagation. Furthermore, PDA and Direct Imaging experiments showed that increasing the l/d ratio by reducing the hole diameter resulted in a decrease in the mean droplet sizes (D32). The spray angle was found to increase with decreasing l/d ratios. It has also been shown that by choosing a suitable l/d ratio it is possible to control the local AFR and cross-flow velocity at the spark plug. Copyright © 2005 SAE International.
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| 69. |
- Skogsberg, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies of the effect of injector parameters on mixture formation for multi-hole nozzles in a spray-guided
- 2005
-
Ingår i: SAE World Congress 2005.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on ways of improving the spray formation from spray-guided multi-hole gasoline direct injection injectors. Work has been done both experimentally using laser diagnostic tools as well as numerically using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) measurements in a constant pressure spray chamber and optical engine measurements has shown that a 6-hole nozzle with a 50 degree umbrella angle has steep air-fuel ratio gradients and too long liquid fuel penetration as well as presence of liquid fuel at the spark plug location, making it unsuitable for stratified combustion. In order to improve the injector performance, numerical calculations using the AVL FIRE CFD code have been performed. The numerical results indicate that by increasing the injector umbrella angle, the piston wall wetting can be decreased. Also, by optimizing the spray pattern through a change of the nozzle hole arrangement, the conditions for ignition and flame propagation can be improved. Furthermore, it was found experimentally by the use of PDA and Direct Imaging that an increase of the l/d ratio through a reduction of the hole diameter resulted in a decrease of the mean droplet sizes (D32). The spray angle was found to increase with decreasing l/d. It has also been shown that by choosing a suitable l/d it is possible to control the local AFR and cross-flow velocity at the spark plug.
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| 70. |
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| 71. |
- Strand, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptions of how a learning or teaching curriculum, workplace culture and agency of individuals shape medical student learning and supervisory practices in the clinical workplace.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Health Sciences Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1677 .- 1382-4996. ; 20:2, s. 531-557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of workplace supervisors in the clinical education of medical students is currently under debate. However, few studies have addressed how supervisors conceptualize workplace learning and how conceptions relate to current sociocultural workplace learning theory. We explored physician conceptions of: (a) medical student learning in the clinical workplace and (b) how they contribute to student learning. The methodology included a combination of a qualitative, inductive (conventional) and deductive (directed) content analysis approach. The study triangulated two types of interview data from 4 focus group interviews and 34 individual interviews. A total of 55 physicians participated. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: learning as membership, learning as partnership and learning as ownership. The themes described how physician conceptions of learning and supervision were guided by the notions of learning-as-participation and learning-as-acquisition. The clinical workplace was either conceptualized as a context in which student learning is based on a learning curriculum, continuity of participation and partnerships with supervisors, or as a temporary source of knowledge within a teaching curriculum. The process of learning was shaped through the reciprocity between different factors in the workplace context and the agency of students and supervising physicians. A systems-thinking approach merged with the "co-participation" conceptual framework advocated by Billet proved to be useful for analyzing variations in conceptions. The findings suggest that mapping workplace supervisor conceptions of learning can be a valuable starting point for medical schools and educational developers working with changes in clinical educational and faculty development practices.
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| 72. |
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| 73. |
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| 74. |
- Strannegård, Claes, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem Models Based on Artificial Intelligence
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 34th Workshop of the Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society, SAIS 2022. - : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem models can be used for understanding general phenomena of evolution, ecology, and ethology. They can also be used for analyzing and predicting the ecological consequences of human activities on specific ecosystems, e.g., the effects of agriculture, forestry, construction, hunting, and fishing. We argue that powerful ecosystem models need to include reasonable models of the physical environment and of animal behavior. We also argue that several well-known ecosystem models are unsatisfactory in this regard. Then we present the open-source ecosystem simulator Ecotwin, which is built on top of the game engine Unity. To model a specific ecosystem in Ecotwin, we first generate a 3D Unity model of the physical environment, based on topographic or bathymetric data. Then we insert digital 3D models of the organisms of interest into the environment model. Each organism is equipped with a genome and capable of sexual or asexual reproduction. An organism dies if it runs out of some vital resource or reaches its maximum age. The animal models are equipped with behavioral models that include sensors, actions, reward signals, and mechanisms of learning and decision-making. Finally, we illustrate how Ecotwin works by building and running one terrestrial and one marine ecosystem model.
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| 75. |
- Törnberg, Petter, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the emergence of affective polarization in the social media society
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 16:10 October
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising political polarization in recent decades has hampered and gridlocked policymaking, as well as weakened trust in democratic institutions. These developments have been linked to the idea that new media technology fosters extreme views and political conflict by facilitating self-segregation into “echo chambers” where opinions are isolated and reinforced. This opinion-centered picture has recently been challenged by an emerging political science literature on “affective polarization”, which suggests that current polarization is better understood as driven by partisanship emerging as a strong social identity. Through this lens, politics has become a question of competing social groups rather than differences in policy position. Contrary to the opinion-centered view, this identity-centered perspective has not been subject to dynamical formal modeling, which generally permits hypotheses about micro-level explanations for macro-level phenomena to be systematically tested and explored. We here propose a formal model that links new information technology to affective polarization via social psychological mechanisms of social identity. Our results suggest that new information technology catalyzes affective polarization by lowering search and interaction costs, which shifts the balance between centrifugal and centripetal forces of social identity. We find that the macro-dynamics of social identity is characterized by two stable regimes on the societal level: one fluid regime, in which identities are weak and social connections heterogeneous, and one solid regime in which identities are strong and groups homogeneous. We also find evidence of hysteresis, meaning that a transition into a fragmented state is not readily reversed by again increasing those costs. This suggests that, due to systemic feedback effects, if polarization passes certain tipping points, we may experience run-away political polarization that is highly difficult to reverse.
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| 76. |
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| 77. |
- Uhlen, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Using a multi-feature paradigm to measure mismatch responses to minimal sound contrasts in children with cochlear implants and hearing aids
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 58:5, s. 409-421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to explore whether a multi-feature paradigm (Optimum-1) for eliciting mismatch negativity (MMN) would objectively capture difficulties in perceiving small sound contrasts in children with hearing impairment (HI) listening through their hearing aids (HAs) and/or cochlear implants (CIs). Children aged 5-7 years with HAs, CIs and children with normal hearing (NH) were tested in a free-field setting using a multi-feature paradigm with deviations in pitch, intensity, gap, duration, and location. There were significant mismatch responses across all subjects that were positive (p-MMR) for the gap and pitch deviants (F(1,43) = 5.17, p = 0.028 and F(1,43) = 6.56, p = 0.014, respectively) and negative (MMN) for the duration deviant (F(1,43) = 4.74, p = 0.035). Only the intensity deviant showed a significant group interaction with MMN in the HA group and p-MMR in the CI group (F(2,43) = 3.40, p = 0.043). The p-MMR correlated negatively with age, with the strongest correlation in the NH subjects. In the CI group, the late discriminative negativity (LDN) was replaced by a late positivity with a significant group interaction for the location deviant. Children with severe HI can be assessed through their hearing device with a fast multi-feature paradigm. For further studies a multi-feature paradigm including more complex speech sounds may better capture variation in auditory processing in these children.
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| 78. |
- Vagin, Mikhail Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Direct bioelectrocatalysis on anodized epitaxial graphene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Program of the XXIII International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics of the Bioelectrochemical Society14-18 June, 2015Malmö, Sweden. - Lausanne : Bioelectrochemical Society. ; , s. 170-170
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Graphene as a nanomaterial consisting of a single layer sheets of atoms of carbon in hexagonal arrangement is making a significant impact in variety of technologies such as energy storage and chemical analysis. The significant attention paid to this thinnest nanomaterial resulted in thousands of patent applications is due to its staggering properties. Due to the planar conjugation of the sp2bonds in graphene, two-dimensional electrical conduction is highly efficient. On the contrary, the efficiency of electron exchange at the out-of-plane of the graphene sheet is small. The significant difference of the densities of electronic states at in-plane and out-of-plane of graphene sheet determines two distinct structural contributions (basal and edge plane respectively) to the behavior of all graphitic materials yielding the chemical and electrochemical anisotropy. Being the simplest building block of graphitic materials, graphene offers the possibility to study the behavior on the simplest level of structural organization. However, the major effort of the recent electrochemical studies of graphene were done using a bulk materials based on graphene flakes possessing the domination of edges of high reactivity. The planar orientation of graphene sheets with controllable exposure of basal plane is achievable via the growth by chemical vapor deposition or by epitaxial flash annealing on crystalline structures of silicon carbide. The slow growth of graphene onto crystalline support during annealing in the inert atmosphere results in a development of a high quality graphene monolayer attached to the solid insulating support. The creation of sp3-type reactive defects on the basal plane of graphite can be achieved by anodization at high anodic potentials.We developed the procedure for the real-time monitoring of epitaxial graphene anodization. The changes of electrochemical properties of graphene monolayer with anodization have been comparatively investigated by electrochemical methods. The estimation of specific capacitance in pure electrolyte and in conditions of Faradaic process has been carried out. Finally, the direct electrocatalysis of laccase (Trametes versicolor) has been used as an electrode reaction to probe the reactivities of anodized epitaxial graphene and conventional carbon materials.
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| 79. |
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| 80. |
- Wasselius, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of unilateral arm paresis after stroke by wearable accelerometers and machine learning
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 21:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in stroke treatment have provided effective tools to successfully treat ischemic stroke, but still a majority of patients are not treated due to late arrival to hospital. With modern stroke treatment, earlier arrival would greatly improve the overall treatment results. This prospective study was performed to asses the capability of bilateral accelerometers worn in bracelets 24/7 to detect unilateral arm paralysis, a hallmark symptom of stroke, early enough to receive treatment. Classical machine learning algorithms as well as state-of-the-art deep neural networks were evaluated on detection times between 15 min and 120 min. Motion data were collected using triaxial accelerometer bracelets worn on both arms for 24 h. Eighty-four stroke patients with unilateral arm motor impairment and 101 healthy subjects participated in the study. Accelerometer data were divided into data windows of different lengths and analyzed using multiple machine learning algorithms. The results show that all algorithms performed well in separating the two groups early enough to be clinically relevant, based on wrist-worn accelerometers. The two evaluated deep learning models, fully convolutional network and InceptionTime, performed better than the classical machine learning models with an AUC score between 0.947–0.957 on 15 min data windows and up to 0.993–0.994 on 120 min data windows. Window lengths longer than 90 min only marginally improved performance. The difference in performance between the deep learning models and the classical models was statistically significant according to a non-parametric Friedman test followed by a post-hoc Nemenyi test. Introduction of wearable stroke detection devices may dramatically increase the portion of stroke patients eligible for revascularization and shorten the time to treatment. Since the treatment effect is highly time-dependent, early stroke detection may dramatically improve stroke outcomes.
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| 81. |
- Welmer, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Study protocol for the 'preventing functional decline in acutely hospitalised older patients (PREV_FUNC)' study : effects of two multicomponent exercise programmes on physical function - a three-armed randomised controlled trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Acutely hospitalised older patients often live with frailty and have an increased risk of impaired physical function. Previous studies suggest that exercise might mitigate the risk of physical impairment; however, further research is needed to compare the effect of different types of exercise interventions. In this paper, we report a protocol for a trial that aims to examine (1) if multicomponent exercise interventions (interventions that include both mobility and strengthening exercises) have effects on physical function compared with usual care in older adults and (2) if a comprehensive multicomponent exercise programme is more effective than a simple multicomponent exercise programme that only include walking and sit-to-stand exercises.Methods and analysis: This is a three-armed randomised controlled trial, with two intervention groups (comprehensive and simple exercise programme) and a control group receiving usual care. We will include 320 participants aged >= 75 years from geriatric medical departments of four hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Assessments will be conducted at hospital admission, discharge and 3 months thereafter concerning physical function (primary outcome), activities of daily living, health-related quality of life, sarcopenia and falls. The number of readmissions will be registered up to 1 year after discharge. Data will be analysed with linear mixed effects models, according to the intention-to-treat approach.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval for this trial has been granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (approval number 2022-03032-01). Data collection will consider the information requirement, the requirement of consent, confidentiality obligations and the utilisation requirement. Trial findings will be disseminated through multiple channels, including scientific publications and conferences, and workshops with healthcare professionals and the public.
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- Xu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Tensorial Properties via the Neuroevolution Potential Framework: Fast Simulation of Infrared and Raman Spectra
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - 1549-9626 .- 1549-9618. ; 20:8, s. 3273-3284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are widely used for the characterization of gases, liquids, and solids, as the spectra contain a wealth of information concerning, in particular, the dynamics of these systems. Atomic scale simulations can be used to predict such spectra but are often severely limited due to high computational cost or the need for strong approximations that limit the application range and reliability. Here, we introduce a machine learning (ML) accelerated approach that addresses these shortcomings and provides a significant performance boost in terms of data and computational efficiency compared with earlier ML schemes. To this end, we generalize the neuroevolution potential approach to enable the prediction of rank one and two tensors to obtain the tensorial neuroevolution potential (TNEP) scheme. We apply the resulting framework to construct models for the dipole moment, polarizability, and susceptibility of molecules, liquids, and solids and show that our approach compares favorably with several ML models from the literature with respect to accuracy and computational efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the TNEP approach to the prediction of infrared and Raman spectra of liquid water, a molecule (PTAF-), and a prototypical perovskite with strong anharmonicity (BaZrO3). The TNEP approach is implemented in the free and open source software package gpumd, which makes this methodology readily available to the scientific community.
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