| 51. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: a meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children.
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676 .- 1549-1277. ; 8:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45 studies of adults (n=218,166) and nine studies of children and adolescents (n=19,268). METHODS AND FINDINGS: All studies identified to have data on the FTO rs9939609 variant (or any proxy [r(2)>0.8]) and PA were invited to participate, regardless of ethnicity or age of the participants. PA was standardized by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable (physically inactive versus active) in each study. Overall, 25% of adults and 13% of children were categorized as inactive. Interaction analyses were performed within each study by including the FTO×PA interaction term in an additive model, adjusting for age and sex. Subsequently, random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the interaction terms. In adults, the minor (A-) allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity by 1.23-fold/allele (95% CI 1.20-1.26), but PA attenuated this effect (p(interaction) =0.001). More specifically, the minor allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity less in the physically active group (odds ratio =1.22/allele, 95% CI 1.19-1.25) than in the inactive group (odds ratio =1.30/allele, 95% CI 1.24-1.36). No such interaction was found in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The association of the FTO risk allele with the odds of obesity is attenuated by 27% in physically active adults, highlighting the importance of PA in particular in those genetically predisposed to obesity.
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| 52. |
- López-Martos, David, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Data for Attentional, Executive, Linguistic, and Visual Processing Tests Obtained from Cognitively Healthy Individuals with Normal Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 95:1, s. 237-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional neuropsychological norms likely include cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β, tau, and neurodegeneration) since they are based on cohorts without AD biomarkers data. Due to this limitation, population-based norms would lack sensitivity for detecting subtle cognitive decline due to AD, the transitional stage between healthy cognition and mild cognitive impairment. We have recently published norms for memory tests in individuals with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarker levels.The aim of the present study was to provide further AD biomarker-based cognitive references covering attentional, executive function, linguistic, and visual processing tests.We analyzed 248 CU individuals aged between 50-70 years old with normal CSF Aβ, p-tau, and neurodegeneration (t-tau) biomarker levels. The tests included were the Trail Making Test (TMT), Semantic Fluency Test, Digit and Symbol Span, Coding, Matrix Reasoning, Judgement of Line Orientation and Visual Puzzles. Normative data were developed based on regression models adjusted for age, education, and sex when needed. We present equations to calculate z-scores, the corresponding normative percentile tables, and online calculators.Age, education, and sex were associated with performance in all tests, except education for the TMT-A, and sex for the TMT-B, Coding, and Semantic Fluency. Cut-offs derived from the current biomarker-based reference data were higher and more sensitive than standard norms.We developed reference data obtained from individuals with evidence of non-pathologic AD biomarker levels that may improve the objective characterization of subtle cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
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| 53. |
- Medina, Doris M Rivera, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and immunogenicity of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine : a randomized, controlled trial in adolescent girls
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 46:5, s. 414-421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Immunization of girls against oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types before sexual debut is important for cervical cancer prevention. This phase III blinded, randomized, controlled trial in adolescent girls assessed safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine. METHODS: Girls (mean age 12 years) in 12 countries received the HPV-16/18 L1 virus-like particle AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (N = 1,035) or hepatitis A virus vaccine as control (N = 1,032) at 0, 1, and 6 months. The primary objective was to compare the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) between groups. HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibody titers were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay post-vaccination. RESULTS: Up to study month 7, 11 girls in the HPV-16/18 vaccine group reported 14 SAEs and 13 girls in the control group reported 15 SAEs. The difference in SAE incidence between groups was .20% (95% CI, -.78, 1.20). No SAE in the HPV-16/18 vaccine group was considered related to vaccination or led to withdrawal. The incidence of solicited local and general symptoms up to 7 days post-vaccination was moderately higher with the HPV-16/18 vaccine than with control. The incidence of unsolicited symptoms, new onset of chronic diseases, and medically significant conditions was similar between groups. All girls seroconverted for both antigens after three doses of the HPV-16/18 vaccine; geometric mean titers were 19,882.0 and 8,262.0 EU/mL for anti-HPV-16 and -18 antibodies, respectively, in initially seronegative girls. CONCLUSIONS: The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was generally well tolerated and immunogenic when administered to young adolescent females, the primary target of organized vaccination programs.
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| 54. |
- Mendoza-Revilla, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling Signatures of Selection Before and After European Colonization in Latin Americans
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 39:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout human evolutionary history, large-scale migrations have led to intermixing (i.e., admixture) between previously separated human groups. Although classical and recent work have shown that studying admixture can yield novel historical insights, the extent to which this process contributed to adaptation remains underexplored. Here, we introduce a novel statistical model, specific to admixed populations, that identifies loci under selection while determining whether the selection likely occurred post-admixture or prior to admixture in one of the ancestral source populations. Through extensive simulations, we show that this method is able to detect selection, even in recently formed admixed populations, and to accurately differentiate between selection occurring in the ancestral or admixed population. We apply this method to genome-wide SNP data of ∼4,000 individuals in five admixed Latin American cohorts from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Our approach replicates previous reports of selection in the human leukocyte antigen region that are consistent with selection post-admixture. We also report novel signals of selection in genomic regions spanning 47 genes, reinforcing many of these signals with an alternative, commonly used local-ancestry-inference approach. These signals include several genes involved in immunity, which may reflect responses to endemic pathogens of the Americas and to the challenge of infectious disease brought by European contact. In addition, some of the strongest signals inferred to be under selection in the Native American ancestral groups of modern Latin Americans overlap with genes implicated in energy metabolism phenotypes, plausibly reflecting adaptations to novel dietary sources available in the Americas.
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| 55. |
- Montoya, Jorge Javier Mendoza, et al.
(författare)
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IoT Aroma Sensor Module to Determine Beverage Alcohol Grade
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THE 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT DATA ACQUISITION AND ADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS (IDAACS'2021). - : IEEE. - 9781665426053 - 9781665442091 ; , s. 43-48
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 is the technology of the future, which is based, among other things, on the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors that provide online information about the production processes. Electronic noses (E-noses) are gas sensor technologies expanding IoT, contributing to better alcohol production performance and providing important information about production process parameters. In this work, we have developed a low-cost, wireless, and compactness aroma sensor module applied to the alcohol industry. We use four metal oxide sensors, MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-4, and MQ-135, embedded in the E-nose headspace and controlled by a 32-bit ESP32 WROOM microcontroller. The alcohol grade measurements were performed on beer and wine samples. MQ-3 sensor was stable till 20% alcohol grade, and MQ-2, MQ-4, and MQ-135 sensors were regular only until 5% alcohol. Our experiments let us determined alcohol grade with precision above 92%.
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| 56. |
- Mullins, Niamh, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:3, s. 313-327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders.METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors.RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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| 57. |
- Nicolas, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 97:6, s. 1268-1283.e6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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| 58. |
- Palacios-Rivera, Rogger, et al.
(författare)
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Enantiopure Supramolecular Motifs of Self-Assembled Diamine-Based Chiral Molecules on Cu(100)
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:42, s. 24129-24136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assembly of two diphenylethylenediamine enantiomers, separately deposited on Cu(100), is investigated from the first stages of two-dimensional crystallization to the nucleation and growth of the second layer. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that the chirality of enantiomers is expressed at different levels of molecular organization. Below the monolayer completion, a disordered phase coexists with domains of a square lattice aligned with the principal crystallographic directions of the substrate. The intrinsic chirality of the molecules is only manifested through specific features contained within the corresponding unit cell. For increasing coverage, this arrangement is accompanied by a second square structure, which appears to be clockwise or counterclockwise rotated with respect to the Cu(100) directions depending on the enantiomer. The nucleation of molecular chains on top of the aligned square structure gives rise to a second layer exhibiting a stripelike configuration with remarkable left- or right-handed helicity that mirrors that of the particular enantiomer. The nearly flat configuration of the first-layer molecules is confirmed by angular-dependent X-ray absorption experiments and supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
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| 59. |
- Pechsiri, Joseph Santhi, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative life cycle assessment of conventional and novel microalgae production systems and environmental impact mitigation in urban-industrial symbiosis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 854
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The versatility of microalgae biomass as candidates for various products and bioremediation needs motivates interests towards design and implementation of novel microalgae bioreactors. Conventional open-reactors are reliant on large quantities of sunlight and space while yields are constrained by outdoor environment conditions. Conversely, closed-reactor systems like bubble columns reduces these constrains on microalgae growth while occupying far less space at the expense of high energy demands, notably from lighting systems. A novel patented closed reactor design has recently been proposed that improves the bubble column concept with an efficient and effective lighting system. The present study uses Life Cycle Assessment approach to compare the environmental performance of conventional reactors and the proposed internally luminated novel closed reactor design, expressing impacts per kg biostimulant for the Scenedesmus almeriensis harvest from such units. All performance data was collected from a pilot facility in Almeria, Spain. Urban-industrial symbiosis scenarios are also portrayed in the study using wastewater and incinerator flue gas. Results show that under synthetic nutrient and carbon inputs in Spanish pilot operations, the cumulative energy demand for the novel photobioreactors is similar to conventional vertically-stacked horizon bioreactors but are substantially more demanding than conventional open reactors. However, when leveraging renewable energy sources and the photosynthesis process to consume wastestreams in urban-industrial symbiosis scenarios, the novel photobioreactor was able to achieve up to 80 % improvements in several impact categories e.g. eutrophication and climate change. Impact mitigation credits per kg dwt biomass across all energy scenarios in symbiosis amount to asymptotic to 1.8 kg CO(2)eq and asymptotic to 0.09 kg PO4 eq. This highlights that such closed and internally illuminated photobioreactors can be competitive with conventional reactors, and have potential to harness photosynthesis to reduce environmental burdens in an urban-industrial symbiosis setting. Possible economies of scale and the associated potential gains in efficiencies are further discussed.
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| 60. |
- Pelkmans, Wiesje, et al.
(författare)
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Astrocyte biomarkers GFAP and YKL-40 mediate early Alzheimer's disease progression.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - 1552-5279. ; 20:1, s. 483-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied how biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis mediate the pathogenic cascade in the earliest Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages.We performed path analysis on data from 384 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALzheimer and FAmilies (ALFA)+ study using structural equation modeling to quantify the relationships between biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis and the AD pathological cascade.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 was associated with Aβ aggregation on positron emission tomography (PET) and with CSF p-tau181 , which was in turn directly associated with CSF neurofilament light (NfL). Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mediated the relationship between CSF Aβ42/40 and Aβ-PET, and CSF YKL-40 partly explained the association between Aβ-PET, p-tau181 , and NfL.Our results suggest that reactive astrogliosis, as indicated by different fluid biomarkers, influences the pathogenic cascade during the preclinical stage of AD. While plasma GFAP mediates the early association between soluble and insoluble Aβ, CSF YKL-40 mediates the latter association between Aβ and downstream Aβ-induced tau pathology and tau-induced neuronal injury.Lower CSF Aβ42/40 was directly linked to higher plasma GFAP concentrations. Plasma GFAP partially explained the relationship between soluble Aβ and insoluble Aβ. CSF YKL-40 mediated Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation and tau-induced neuronal injury.
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| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Proletov, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Primary and secondary glomerulonephritides 1.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3:May, s. 186-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 63. |
- Quiroz Oviedo, Jorge Enrique, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless sensor nodes for early detection of food degradation in restaurants and commercial kitchens
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - : IEEE. - 9781728195391 ; , s. 1-6
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate issue is the biggest challenge of our time and food waste can be considered an unnecessarily large environmental burden. Reducing food waste and increasing resource management in the food chain is a priority area in a sustainable society, therefore technology development must be used in advantage to achieve long-term environmental and sustainability goals. In this work, we have developed a hardware / software integrated wireless sensor network to get information as early as possible about food going bad. The developed wireless sensor network is built using Raspberry Pi, ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller with integrated communication modules and gas-sensitive sensors. The remote control for data collection and other tasks is performed wirelessly from a laptop and has been programmed in Phyton. Experiments have been carried out with promising results.
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| 64. |
- Rivera, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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On the Exciton Model for Ion-Beam Damage: The Example of TiO2
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 268, s. 3122-3126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-radiative exciton decay model recently developed to account for swift ion-beam damage toLiNbO3 is, here, discussed within a general physical perspective, taking previous work on alkali halides as a reference. Some general rules for the validity of excitonic models have been put forward, allowing one to predict the irradiation behaviour of other materials. As a new example of application, some preliminary data on the generation and growth of uniform amorphous layers induced by irradiation with Br at 13 MeV and 25 MeV have been performed on rutile (TiO2). In addition sub-threshold irradiations with Br ions at 9 MeV have been carried out. Defects generation is observed as a result. This effect is explained with the exciton model. Experiments are in the electronic excitation regime and use moderate fluences in the range of 6 x 1012 to 1.5x 1014 cm-2. The results show similar features to those found for LiNbO3 and are, in principle, consistent with a non-radiative exciton decay model.
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| 65. |
- Rivera, Claudia, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of optical remote sensing measurement strategies applied to industrial gas emissions
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-5901 .- 0143-1161. ; 30:12, s. 3191-3204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In May 2004 a field-campaign was conducted at a power plant in Spain, aiming at validating the use of a miniaturized, fibre-optic, ultraviolet, differential optical absorption spectrometer (mini-DOAS) instrument for sulphur dioxide flux (SO2) quantification. Emissions were determined by integrating the total number of molecules in a vertical cross-section of the gas plume, and multiplying them by the wind component at plume height. Calculated wind data was compared with balloon soundings. Plume height, computed from a tomographic reconstruction of the plume was compared with stereo-photogrammetric methods and a plume rise model. Finally, SO2 fluxes were compared to emissions reported by the power station. Although the meteorological conditions during the field-campaign were adverse, with large fluctuations in wind-speed and wind-direction, the optical measurements performed proved to be practically feasible and compared well with the techniques used for the validation. SO2 fluxes derived by mini-DOAS were within 7% of the ones reported by the power station.
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| 66. |
- Rivera, Diego, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting monthly precipitation in Central Chile: a self-organizing map approach using filtered sea surface temperature
- 2012
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Applied Climatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-4483 .- 0177-798X. ; 107:1-2, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western South America is subject to considerable inter-annual variability due to El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) so forecasting inter-annual variations associated with ENSO would provide an opportunity to tailor management decisions more appropriately to the season. On one hand, the self-organizing maps (SOM) method is a suitable technique to explore the association between sea surface temperature and precipitation fields. On the other hand, Wavelet transform is a filtering technique, which allows the identification of relevant frequencies in signals, and also allows localization on time. Taking advantage of both methods, we present a method to forecast monthly precipitation using the SOM trained with filtered SST anomalies. The use of the SOM to forecast precipitation for Chillan showed good agreement between forecasted and measured values, with correlation coefficients (r (2)) ranging from 0.72 to 0.91, making the combined use filtered SST fields and SOM a suitable tool to assist water management, for example in agricultural water management. The method can be easily tailored to be applied in other stations or to other variables.
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| 67. |
- Rivera, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Platinum-group element and gold enrichment in soils monitored by chromium stable isotopes during weathering of ultramafic rocks
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Chemical Geology. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2541 .- 1872-6836. ; 499, s. 84-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weathering of ultramafic rocks can lead to the formation of soil profiles with high contents of Fe, Ni, Co, platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold. Traditionally, these metal-rich soils are known as “laterites” and are formed under tropical climates and stable tectonic conditions. However, little is known about their possible development in cold/humid regions, and the factors governing PGE and gold mobility and enrichment under these weathering conditions are poorly constrained. In this study, five soil profiles developed on serpentinized, chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks at La Cabaña, located in the Coastal Range of south-central Chile (38° S) were studied by combining major and trace element geochemistry with chromium stable isotope data. The results show that the soils developed at La Cabaña have higher PGE and Au contents than the parent serpentinite rock, with ∑PGE and Au reaching up to 160 ppb and 29 ppb in a limonitic soil horizon and clay saprolite, respectively. Most soil samples have slightly negative δ53/52CrSRM979 values, within a range of −0.089 ± 0.012‰ to −0.320 ± 0.013‰ (average of −0.178‰), and are in agreement with previous data reported for modern soils. A noteworthy relation between δ53/52Cr data and PGE + Au contents is observed in the studied soil horizons, where isotopically lighter values of δ53/52Cr match the higher contents of PGE and gold. These results show that pedogenetic processes operating at the cold and humid La Cabaña area are capable of increasing the total PGE and Au contents of certain soil horizons. Such processes are complex and multivariate but are primarily modulated by chromite dissolution and the formation of secondary phases such as clay minerals and oxy-hydroxide phases in the soil. These findings provide evidence that important weathering and PGE + Au supergene accumulation are not only restricted to tropical latitudes, and that the chromium isotope system is a useful proxy to track surface redox process and noble metal enrichment during pedogenesis.
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| 68. |
- Rivera-Ramos, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - 0304-3835. ; 591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various central nervous system diseases, including cancer. Although the involvement of Gal-3 in tumour progression, resistance to treatment and immunosuppression has long been studied in different cancer types, mainly outside the central nervous system, its elevated expression in myeloid and glial cells underscores its profound impact on the brain's immune response. In this context, microglia and infiltrating macrophages, the predominant non-cancerous cells within the tumour microenvironment, play critical roles in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu in diverse brain tumours. Through the utilisation of primary cell cultures and immortalised microglial cell lines, we have elucidated the central role of Gal-3 in promoting cancer cell migration, invasion, and an immunosuppressive microglial phenotypic activation. Furthermore, employing two distinct in vivo models encompassing primary (glioblastoma) and secondary brain tumours (breast cancer brain metastasis), our histological and transcriptomic analysis show that Gal-3 depletion triggers a robust pro-inflammatory response within the tumour microenvironment, notably based on interferon-related pathways. Interestingly, this response is prominently observed in tumour-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), resulting in the suppression of cancer cells growth.
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| 69. |
- Roel, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and Outcomes of Over 300,000 Patients with COVID-19 and History of Cancer in the United States and Spain.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 30:10, s. 1884-1894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We described the demographics, cancer subtypes, comorbidities, and outcomes of patients with a history of cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Second, we compared patients hospitalized with COVID-19 to patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and patients hospitalized with influenza.We conducted a cohort study using eight routinely collected health care databases from Spain and the United States, standardized to the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership common data model. Three cohorts of patients with a history of cancer were included: (i) diagnosed with COVID-19, (ii) hospitalized with COVID-19, and (iii) hospitalized with influenza in 2017 to 2018. Patients were followed from index date to 30 days or death. We reported demographics, cancer subtypes, comorbidities, and 30-day outcomes.We included 366,050 and 119,597 patients diagnosed and hospitalized with COVID-19, respectively. Prostate and breast cancers were the most frequent cancers (range: 5%-18% and 1%-14% in the diagnosed cohort, respectively). Hematologic malignancies were also frequent, with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma being among the five most common cancer subtypes in the diagnosed cohort. Overall, patients were aged above 65 years and had multiple comorbidities. Occurrence of death ranged from 2% to 14% and from 6% to 26% in the diagnosed and hospitalized COVID-19 cohorts, respectively. Patients hospitalized with influenza (n = 67,743) had a similar distribution of cancer subtypes, sex, age, and comorbidities but lower occurrence of adverse events.Patients with a history of cancer and COVID-19 had multiple comorbidities and a high occurrence of COVID-19-related events. Hematologic malignancies were frequent.This study provides epidemiologic characteristics that can inform clinical care and etiologic studies.
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| 70. |
- Salazar-Fernández, Camila, et al.
(författare)
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From Conspiracy to Hesitancy : The Longitudinal Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Perceived Vaccine Effectiveness
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Vaccines. - 2076-393X. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The embrace of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine conspiracies has been linked to vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and perceived vaccine effectiveness. The study utilized a longitudinal follow-up study in which adults in Chile completed surveys in December 2020 (T1) and May 2021 (T2). The psychometric properties of the five-item instrument on conspiracy theories for the COVID-19 vaccine were evaluated using data from T1 (n = 578). A confirmatory one-factor structure with suitable indicators of reliability was found. The longitudinal analysis (n = 292) revealed that conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 vaccine in T1 were associated with lower beliefs in its effectiveness in T2. However, no significant association was found between beliefs in effectiveness in T1 and conspiracy theories in T2. The study suggests that beliefs in conspiracy theories may temporally precede beliefs in vaccine effectiveness for COVID-19. The results have implications for strategies to address vaccine conspiracy beliefs and their implementation at the public policy level.
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| 71. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 72. |
- Stacey, Simon N, et al.
(författare)
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A germline variant in the TP53 polyadenylation signal confers cancer susceptibility.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 43:11, s. 1098-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify new risk variants for cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, we performed a genome-wide association study of 16 million SNPs identified through whole-genome sequencing of 457 Icelanders. We imputed genotypes for 41,675 Illumina SNP chip-typed Icelanders and their relatives. In the discovery phase, the strongest signal came from rs78378222[C] (odds ratio (OR) = 2.36, P = 5.2 × 10(-17)), which has a frequency of 0.0192 in the Icelandic population. We then confirmed this association in non-Icelandic samples (OR = 1.75, P = 0.0060; overall OR = 2.16, P = 2.2 × 10(-20)). rs78378222 is in the 3' untranslated region of TP53 and changes the AATAAA polyadenylation signal to AATACA, resulting in impaired 3'-end processing of TP53 mRNA. Investigation of other tumor types identified associations of this SNP with prostate cancer (OR = 1.44, P = 2.4 × 10(-6)), glioma (OR = 2.35, P = 1.0 × 10(-5)) and colorectal adenoma (OR = 1.39, P = 1.6 × 10(-4)). However, we observed no effect for breast cancer, a common Li-Fraumeni syndrome tumor (OR = 1.06, P = 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.88-1.27).
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| 73. |
- Sternby, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis : A Nation-wide Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - 1528-1140. ; 270:2, s. 348-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare and validate the different classifications of severity in acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate which characteristics of the disease are associated with worse outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: AP is a heterogeneous disease, ranging from uneventful cases to patients with considerable morbidity and high mortality rates. Severity classifications based on legitimate determinants of severity are important to correctly describe the course of disease. METHODS: A prospective multicenter cohort study involving patients with AP from 23 hospitals in Spain. The Atlanta Classification (AC), Revised Atlanta Classification (RAC), and Determinant-based Classification (DBC) were compared. Binary logistic multivariate analysis was performed to investigate independent determinants of severity. RESULTS: A total of 1655 patients were included; 70 patients (4.2%) died. RAC and DBC were equally superior to AC for describing the clinical course of AP. Although any kind of organ failure was associated with increased morbidity and mortality, persistent organ failure (POF) was the most significant determinant of severity. All local complications were associated with worse outcomes. Infected pancreatic necrosis correlated with high morbidity, but in the presence of POF, it was not associated to higher mortality when compared with sterile necrotizing pancreatitis. Exacerbation of previous comorbidity was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: The RAC and DBC both signify an advance in the description and differentiation of AP patients. Herein, we describe the complications of the disease independently associated to morbidity and mortality. Our findings are valuable not only when designing future studies on AP but also for the improvement of current classifications.
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| 74. |
- Sörstad, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Conciencia y temporalidad : Un estudio sobre la concepción del tiempo en seis poemarios de José Hierro
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study is to analyze the conception of time in six books of poems by José Hierro (1922-2002): Tierra sin nosotros (1947), Alegría (1947), Con las piedras, con el viento… (1950), Quinta del 42 (1952), Cuanto sé de mí (1957) and Libro de las alucinaciones (1964). It is suggested that the theme of time in Hierro´s poetry can be approached from three different points of view: existence, essence and consciousness. Furthermore, these three different perspectives are reflected in a chronological division of Hierro´s books of poems into three periods: existential poetry, intimist poetry and hallucinatory poetry. In order to develop and reinforce the thematic study, on the one hand, a comparative study is carried out that focuses on the relationship between poetry and philosophy, and, on the other, the thematic configuration on the surface level is considered. The methodological foundations that make it possible to achieve this objective are provided by Jean-Pierre Richard´s thematic criticism, Edmund Husserl´s phenomenology and Paul Ricoeur´s phenomenological hermeneutics. The dissertation concludes that Tierra sin nosotros and Alegría represent Hierro´s existential poetry, written during the post-war period and the reigning atmosphere of existentialism. Alegría, Con las piedras, con el viento… and Quinta del 42 constitute his intimist poetry. The second book, Alegría, is described as a “bridging book” between the first two periods. When the immediacy of the Civil War begins to fade, the literary scene shifts towards the more intimate theme of knowledge, and in Hierro´s poetry especially the phenomenon of time. In Quinta del 42, Cuanto sé de mí and Libro de las alucinaciones the reader encounters Hierro´s hallucinatory poetry. Quinta del 42 is another example of a “bridging book” between two periods. His hallucinatory poems transmit an extreme form of the search for inner truth which entails the deconstruction of time and space.
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| 75. |
- Vasconcelos, Rivera Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) on the plankton community of a tropical reservoir during and after an algal bloom
- 2018
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 817:1, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The invasive species Nile tilapia is a filter-feeding omnivorous fish that can have a negative effect on zooplankton and phytoplankton resources. However, the strength of its effects on plankton communities should decrease with increasing plankton biomass, e.g., during an algal bloom. We tested this hypothesis by performing two experiments in a tropical reservoir, where we randomly allocated two treatments (with and without tilapia) to 20 mesocosms. The first experiment was conducted during an algal bloom (biovolume = 1038.34 mm(3) l(-1)), while the second experiment was conducted after the bloom (biovolume = 1.05 mm(3) l(-1)). The negative effects of fish on mesozooplankton (mean size of 480 mu m in both experiments) and large algae (GALD < 50 mu m) were stronger in the second than in the first experiment. On the other hand, the negative effects of fish on microzooplankton (experiment 1: mean size 180 mu m; experiment 2: mean size 128 mu m) and small algae (GALD < 50 mu m) were stronger in the first than in the second experiment. We conclude that the Nile tilapia can suppress phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass in tropical lakes and reservoirs, but the magnitude of this effect depends on plankton biomass and size-structure.
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| 76. |
- Witjes, J. Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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EAU-ESMO Consensus Statements on the Management of Advanced and Variant Bladder Cancer – An International Collaborative Multistakeholder Effort : Under the Auspices of the EAU-ESMO Guidelines Committees
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 77:2, s. 223-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although guidelines exist for advanced and variant bladder cancer management, evidence is limited/conflicting in some areas and the optimal approach remains controversial.OBJECTIVE: To bring together a large multidisciplinary group of experts to develop consensus statements on controversial topics in bladder cancer management.DESIGN: A steering committee compiled proposed statements regarding advanced and variant bladder cancer management which were assessed by 113 experts in a Delphi survey. Statements not reaching consensus were reviewed; those prioritised were revised by a panel of 45 experts prior to voting during a consensus conference.SETTING: Online Delphi survey and consensus conference.PARTICIPANTS: The European Association of Urology (EAU), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), experts in bladder cancer management.OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statements were ranked by experts according to their level of agreement: 1-3 (disagree), 4-6 (equivocal), and 7-9 (agree). A priori (level 1) consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement and ≤15% disagreement, or vice versa. In the Delphi survey, a second analysis was restricted to stakeholder group(s) considered to have adequate expertise relating to each statement (to achieve level 2 consensus).RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Overall, 116 statements were included in the Delphi survey. Of these statements, 33 (28%) achieved level 1 consensus and 49 (42%) achieved level 1 or 2 consensus. At the consensus conference, 22 of 27 (81%) statements achieved consensus. These consensus statements provide further guidance across a broad range of topics, including the management of variant histologies, the role/limitations of prognostic biomarkers in clinical decision making, bladder preservation strategies, modern radiotherapy techniques, the management of oligometastatic disease, and the evolving role of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONS: These consensus statements provide further guidance on controversial topics in advanced and variant bladder cancer management until a time when further evidence is available to guide our approach.PATIENT SUMMARY: This report summarises findings from an international, multistakeholder project organised by the EAU and ESMO. In this project, a steering committee identified areas of bladder cancer management where there is currently no good-quality evidence to guide treatment decisions. From this, they developed a series of proposed statements, 71 of which achieved consensus by a large group of experts in the field of bladder cancer. It is anticipated that these statements will provide further guidance to health care professionals and could help improve patient outcomes until a time when good-quality evidence is available.
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| 77. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 78. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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