| 51. |
- Muth, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
[Many adrenal incidentalomas are not adequately evaluated - updated guidelines to improve follow-up are presented].
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of cross-sectional imaging in Sweden has increased more than twofold in the last 20 years. Inadvertently discovered adrenal lesions, adrenal incidentalomas, are reported in about one per cent of abdominal investigations. The first Swedish guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas were published in 1996 and have since then been regularly revised. Still, data indicate that less than half of patients receive adequate follow-up. Here we comment on the newly updated guidelines and briefly review the recommended clinical and radiological work-up.
|
|
| 52. |
|
|
| 53. |
- Nilsson, Anne-Lie, et al.
(författare)
-
Manliga och kvinnliga småföretagares arbets- och livssituation utifrån ett stressperspektiv
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Ved Inngangen till Cyberspace - Ergonomisk tenkning inn i et nytt årtusen. - : Nordiska ergonomisälskapet.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns en relativt omfattande forskning om entreprenörskap och småföretagande ur ett företagsekonomisk perspektiv. Betydligt färre är studier som berör småföretagaren som individ och dennes upplevelser av sin situation. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera en grupp manliga och kvinnliga småföretagares arbets- och livssituation utifrån ett stressperspektiv. 33 småföretagare undersöktes med hjälp av StressProfilen. Huvudresultaten visar att de företagande männen upplever en större belastning och en mindre egenkontroll än kvinnorna. De är också mindre nöjda med sitt arbets- och privatliv, erfar ett sämre emotionellt stöd och känner sig mer stressade än kvinnorna.
|
|
| 54. |
- Nilsson, Hans, 1955-
(författare)
-
Mot bättre hälsa : Dödlighet och hälsoarbete i Linköping 1860-1894
- 1994
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The decline in mortality was the most important cause of the great increase in population in Sweden in the 19th century. Especially important was the part played by the decline in infant mortality and mortality among small children. The purpose of this study has been to investigate on the basis of a local example, Linköping during the period 1860-94, the changes in morbidity and mortality in different population groups, and to analyse what factors played a significant role in bringing about the changes. The study is not only epidemiological. It also deals with new technology, new ideas and different actors. The focus is on three arenas: the societal level, the environmental level and the individual level. By the societal level is meant the central arena and the decisions that were taken there. The environmental level contains the study of local public health and a reconstruction of how water and drainage progressed and what properties it came to year by year. The individual level involves the study of a number of variables which the individuals themselves can have influenced in different degrees.
|
|
| 55. |
|
|
| 56. |
- Nilsson, Inga-Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Thyroid incidentaloma detected by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography : practical management algorithm
- 2011
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 35:12, s. 2691-2697
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundOur aim was to design a practical algorithm for management of an increasing number of incidental findings of thyroid lesions identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT).MethodsThe reports of 3641 patients examined by FDG-PET/CT for evaluation of nonthyroid cancer were reviewed. The anatomic locations and standardized uptake values (SUV) of any focally increased thyroid FDG uptake were reanalyzed and related to surrounding normal thyroid (TSUVmax/thySUVmean ratio) and liver (TSUVmax/liverSUVmean).ResultsFocal FDG uptakes in the thyroid were reported in 37 cases (1%; 26 women). Neoplastic thyroid lesions were diagnosed in 16 patients: papillary thyroid cancer in 9, follicular neoplasia in 5, and metastatic lesions (lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma) in 2. Benign lesions were diagnosed in 11 patients. Ten patients with malignancy elsewhere did not undergo thyroid examination. In all, 11 patients underwent thyroid surgery (8 with papillary cancer, 3 with follicular adenoma); the median tumor size was 12 mm (8–40 mm). The TSUVmax/thySUVmean ratio was higher for the malignant lesions [median 5.53 (2.75–30.81) vs. 3.70 (1.82–31.70); P < 0.05], albeit with a considerable overlap between individual patients. The TSUVmax and TSUVmax/liverSUVmean did not differ between groups. The TSUVmax/thySUVmean and / thySUVmean ratios correlated with the tumor size (r = 0.64 and r = 0.66; P < 0.05).ConclusionsAn incidental finding of focal uptake of FDG in the thyroid is associated with a significant risk of thyroid cancer. If the patient would benefit from thyroidectomy if a malignancy were identified, further diagnostic workup with ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and cytology is recommended.
|
|
| 57. |
- Nygren, Victoria, 1971-
(författare)
-
Mellan två samhällen : Inflyttat arbetsfolk i Linköping under det förindustriella 1800-talet
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka den sammantagna livssituationen för ett begränsat urval individer (en primär kohort av 19 män och en utökad kohort av ytterligare 42 män, det vill säga totalt 61 män) i ett familjesammanhang. Det handlar närmare bestämt om att så långt källorna tillåter söka kvalitativt förstå och karaktärisera socioekonomiska villkor, familjeliv och hälsa, såsom de gestaltar sig i den vardagliga livsföringen och i relation till den specifika tiden och den lokala stadsmiljön. Gemensamt för dessa utvalda individer är att de företrädesvis tillhörde det undre samhällsskiktet och flyttade till staden under början av 1800-talet, innan inflyttningen till städerna blev fri. I denna skärningspunkt mellan individen och den yttre omgivningen undersöks såväl möjligheter som begränsningar, händelser och handlingar med ett mikrohistoriskt angreppssätt. I syftet ingår således också att gestalta själva det lokala samhället i förändring och dess förhållande till nya invånare och grupper, för att ge underlag för fortsatt forskning kring social förändring. Vidare karaktäriseras den utökade kohorten i förhållande till stadens demografiska profil.Studiens huvudmaterial utgörs av kyrkböckerna, det vill säga husförhörslängder, födelse- och dödböcker samt vigsel- och flyttlängder. Detta material kompletteras med ett flertal andra källor såsom sjukhusjournaler, saköreslängder, fattigvårdens protokoll, bouppteckningar, landshövdingens femårsberättelser, sockenstämmoprotokoll och lokala tidningar i syfte att få en så bred bild som möjligt. Individerna följs genom sina livskurser i staden under flera decennier och analyseras i nära kontakt med den lokala kontexten. Det senare innebär också en analys av de lokala auktoriteternas syn på och hantering av inflyttningsfrågan i staden under 1800-talets första hälft, det vill säga innan inflyttningen till staden, eller landsbygdens socknar, blev fri 1847.Staden var inte redo för detta arbetsfolk som valde att bo kvar där och skaffa familj. Det var ett ovanligt val, sett i förhållande till migrationsmönstret, och de gjorde det på eget bevåg, det vill säga de bosatte sig utanför husböndernas hushåll och tog därmed risken att inte få ett patriarkalt beskydd. Fattigvården tog också formellt avstånd från dessa arbetsfolkfamiljer och sökte hindra deras inträde i staden. Det visar sig i flera fall att fattigvården agerade utan lagligt stöd då de försökte fatta beslut kring inflyttning baserat på framtida försörjningsprognoser och antal barn i familjen att föda. Överhuvudtaget var dock stadens inflyttningsrestriktioner hårdare på pappret än de var i verkligheten. Relativt få fall blev ovillkorligen nekade inflyttning och de flesta som prövades individuellt fick flytta in med villkoret att de kunde visa försvar och/eller borgen. Staden var på så vis kluven inför arbetsfolket på ett sätt som tolkas som typiskt för den förändring som låg i tiden. Borgarna behövde det unga, ogifta tjänstefolket som arbetskraft men ville inte behålla det i staden när det skulle bilda familj. Männen i kohorterna, och deras familjer, behövde för sin del finna en ny plats att stadga sig på när landsbygdens möjligheter till försörjning började sina. Livet i staden blev för många av dem ett liv mitt emellan två samhällen. Det karaktäriserades, för många, av en svår försörjningssituation med inslag av en dold ekonomi men med sämre förutsättningar än på landsbygden och där till exempel tiggeriet troligen spelade en betydande roll. Det innebar ett begynnande arbetarliv men baserat på en mager lön som egentligen skulle räcka till en person, snarare än fem-sex stycken. Männens livsföring var i många fall tärande och de fick ta del av det ”urbana straffet” i form av hög dödlighet i den sena medelåldern. Nöden spred sig inom familjerna. Arbetsfolket i staden blev en länk mellan torparlivet och arbetarlivet. Många familjer bodde tillfälligt utökade och hyste släkt och familjemedlemmar utanför kärnfamiljen, vilket tolkas som ett sätt att tackla en svår situation. Genom sina livsval medverkade dessa individer till en betydande social förändring.
|
|
| 58. |
- Partanen, Petri, 1969-
(författare)
-
Assessment and Remediation for Children with Special Educational Needs : The role of Working Memory, Complex Executive Function and Metacognitive Strategy Training
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the role of different assessment tools and training regimens in assessment and remediation for children with special educational needs in school. A central purpose of assessment explored was that it should inform remediation, teaching and instruction. The concepts of working memory, complex executive function and metacognitive strategy training for children with special educational needs were specifically explored in relation to this purpose of assessment. Complex executive function refers to planning and metacognitive ability, that many children with special educational needs struggle with, and which they are expected to handle in learning during school day. Of particular interest in the thesis was the contrast between working memory and complex executive function and how these concepts inform assessment and remediation practices. In this context, special attention was given to mathematical learning difficulties.The thesis was based on four studies (I‑IV). Study I explored the prevalence of different assessment tools, and dilemmas and challenges as perceived by assessment professionals, teachers and parents, in the work with children with special educational needs in Europe. In Study II, a metacognitive strategy training framework was developed as a training regimen, guided by research on complex executive function, and applied on working memory training. Effects of working memory training were compared between the two training regimens, with and without metacognitive strategy training, and also the overall effect of working memory training on cognitive functioning and the school related skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. In Study III, different types of measures of working memory and their predictive capacities in relation to mathematics achievement in national curriculum assessments were explored, as well as the effects of working memory training on mathematics achievement. In Study IV the role of working memory and complex executive function in identifying risk for mathematical learning difficulties in children with special educational needs was explored.The results from Study I suggested that assessment and remediation practices can contribute to a deficiency‑oriented outlook on children with special educational needs. In contrast parents and teachers in Sweden also reported that assessment could help them to better understand the needs of the child. Results from studies II-IV showed that only the use of a metacognitive strategy training regimen targeting complex executive function resulted in improvements following working memory training. The results also indicated that working memory training strongly predicted mathematical performance in national curriculum assessments of mathematics in school, and that a more complex change measure of working memory was a better predictor than simple working memory measures in this regard. Finally, the results also showed that complex executive function, defined as planning ability, was a better predictor than simple working memory in the assessment of risk for mathematical learning difficulties.The results from the studies were discussed in relation to the purpose of assessment to inform remediation, teaching and instruction for children with special educational needs. It was concluded that, in addition to working memory, as complex executive function – planning and metacognitive ability - seems to be an important cognitive function related to learning, this should be addressed both in the assessment of children with special educational needs as well as in the remediation when designing training regimens and interventions for children with special educational needs in general, and children at risk for mathematic learning difficulties in particular. It was also highlighted that in remediation, the role of the teacher as a mediator of metacognition and complex executive function seems vital.
|
|
| 59. |
- Partanen, Petri, et al.
(författare)
-
Metacognitive Strategy Training Adds to the Effects of Working Memory Training in Children with Special Educational Needs
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Psychological Studies. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1918-7211 .- 1918-722X. ; 7:3, s. 130-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of computer-based Working Memory (WM) training using two training procedures were examined among sixty-four primary-school children with Special Educational Needs (SEN). Measures of general cognitive ability, auditory and visuospatial working memory, arithmetic ability, and reading and writing skills were gathered and analysed. The referred group of SEN children predominantly had lower performance in auditory WM, arithmetics and reading and writing skills. The SEN children within respective school were randomized into either an active WM training group or a control group and ten schools participating in the WM training study were randomized into one of two different training conditions. At five schools the SEN children received regular WM training and at the other five schools the children received WM training with the addition of metacognitive strategy training. Results showed a significant difference in WM performance during training in favor of the metacognitive intervention. Furthermore, transfer effects occurred on visuospatial WM measures at posttest and at 6-month follow-up. Post-hoc tests showed that the effects pertained only to the metacognitive intervention. No transfer to arithmetic or reading and writing skills occurred after training in the two training conditions. Results were discussed in terms of metacognitive factors being important in optimizing performance in WM training, and that such factors should be taken into consideration when designing interventions for children with SEN. It is also suggested that in referral of children with SEN to remediation with WM training the WM profiles should be taken into consideration to a greater degree.
|
|
| 60. |
|
|
| 61. |
- Rangel, Ignacio, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between faecal-associated and mucosal-associated microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy subjects
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 42:10, s. 1211-1221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The faecal-associated microbiota is commonly seen as a surrogate of the mucosal-associated microbiota. However, previous studies indicate that they are different. Furthermore, analyses of the mucosal microbiota are commonly done after standard bowel cleansing, affecting the microbial composition.Aim: To compare the mucosal-associated microbiota, obtained from unprepared colon, with faecal-associated microbiota in healthy subjects and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients.Methods: Faecal and mucosal biopsies were obtained from 33 IBS patients and 16 healthy controls. Of IBS patients, 49% belonged to the diarrhoea-predominant subgroup and 80% suffered from IBS symptoms during at least 5 years. Biopsies were collected from unprepared sigmoid colon and faecal samples a day before colonoscopy. Microbiota analyses were performed with a phylogenetic microarray and redundancy discriminant analysis.Results: The composition of the mucosal- and the faecal-associated microbiota in unprepared sigmoid colon differs significantly (P = 0.002). Clinical characteristics of IBS did not correlate with this difference. Bacteroidetes dominate the mucosal-associated microbiota. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominate the faecal-associated microbiota. Healthy subjects had a significantly higher (P < 0.005) abundance (1.9%) of the bacterial group uncultured Clostridiales I in the mucosal-associated microbiota than IBS patients (0.3%). Bacterial diversity was higher in faecal- compared with mucosal-associated microbiota in IBS patients (P < 0.005). No differences were found in healthy subjects.Conclusions: Differences in the mucosal-associated microbiota between healthy individuals and IBS patients are minimal (one bacterial group) compared to differences in the faecal microbiota of both groups (53 bacterial groups). Microbial aberrations characterising IBS are more pronounced in the faeces than in the mucosa.
|
|
| 62. |
- Sakao, Tomohiko, et al.
(författare)
-
Research on Services in the Manufacturing Industry based on a Holistic Viewpoint and Interdisciplinary Approach
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Functional thinking for value creation : proceedings of the 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642196881 ; , s. 27-32
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper begins by consolidating industrial challenges and research issues concerning Product/Service Systems obtained through various activities by the authors. Based on this, it points out the importance of the holistic view in further research in this area so that PSS providers do not fall into local optimization. The intent of this contribution to our research community includes shedding light on interesting issues that thus far have been relatively invisible and with narrower scope.
|
|
| 63. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1975-
(författare)
-
1809 : Statskuppen och regeringsformens tillkomst som tolkningsprocess
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyses the coup d’état and the instrument of government of 1809 as an interpretative framing process. By close examination primarily of official sources it focuses on how political actors utilized the components of the existing political culture in order to legitimise their actions. The results show that the regime transition of 1809 was a contingent process. Actors competed to define concepts such as “citizen”, “patriotism” and “public opinion” in order to legitimise different political claims. This process served to strengthen the role played by the concept of public opinion as a source of authority in the language of politics.The dissertation also addresses how the regime transition of 1809 relates to the historical epoch known as the Age of Revolution. Experiences from the French Revolution in particular were crucial to the debate on the prospects for constitutional change in Sweden. The study shows that the constitutional committee took a reformist stance based on the concepts of civic virtue and enlightenment, thereby rejecting demands for an enhanced national representation. Instead they argued for gradual constitutional change and believed that the constitution should serve as an instrument to educate the public in the virtues of citizenship.Grounded in the so-called "cultural turn" taken by studies of politics in recent decades, the analysis has borrowed from studies of social movements the concepts of interpretative framing. In analyzing differences and oppositions between various interpretative frames, concepts from discourse analysis has been used, particularly those that emphasize discourse contingency. Extra-discursive conditions in the process of interpretation have been analyzed by means of the concept of possibility structures. This has chiefly involved taking into consideration the degree of repression and actors' differing access to what Bourdieu has termed "institutional authority".
|
|
| 64. |
- Sundin, Anna-Maja, et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of carbon monoxide in blood using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 766:1, s. 115-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to measure changes in physiological CO concentrations in blood with good accuracy, a method was developed using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (250 degrees C). A nickel catalyst system was fitted to convert CO to methane at 375 degrees C after separation with a molecular sieve column at 35 degrees C. Helium was used as carrier at 30 ml/min. Porcine or human blood (400 microl) was sampled in gastight tubes and treated with sulfuric acid and saponin (800 microl). Accuracy was 1.4% and 1.5% (RSD), respectively. Precision was 2.8% (porcine blood). Limit of detection was 0.01 nmol/ml gas and limit of quantification 12 nmol/ml blood. Calibration was made in the interval 12-514 nmol/ml blood (corresponding to 0.1-6% COHb). Samples were stable for at least a month at +4 degrees C. This paper describes a method with high sensitivity and good accuracy, suitable for analysis of low CO concentrations.
|
|
| 65. |
- Sundin, Johanna, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered faecal and mucosal microbial composition in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome patients correlates with mucosal lymphocyte phenotypes and psychological distress
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 41:4, s. 342-351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A subset of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, denoted post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS), develop symptoms after an enteric infection. Bacterial dysbiosis and mucosal inflammation have been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of this entity.Aim: To characterise the mucosal and faecal microbiota in PI-IBS, general IBS and healthy controls, and to investigate associations between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system.Methods: Mucosal biopsies and faeces were collected from 13 PI-IBS patients, 19 general IBS patients and 16 healthy controls. Global bacterial composition was determined by generating 16S rRNA amplicons that were examined by phylogenetic microarray hybridisation, principal component and redundancy analysis. We correlated previously reported lymphocyte proportions with the microbiota.Results: Faecal microbiota composition of PI-IBS patients differed significantly from both general IBS patients and healthy controls (P < 0.02). Both mucosal (P < 0.01) and faecal (P = 0.05) microbial diversity were reduced in PI-IBS compared to healthy controls. In the intraepithelial lymphocytes the previously published proportion of CD8+ CD45RA+ was negatively correlated with mucosal microbial diversity (P < 0.005). The previously published number of lamina propria lymphocytes was negatively correlated with mucosal microbial diversity (P < 0.05). Faecal microbial diversity was significantly negatively correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (P < 0.05).Conclusions: We present data that distinguishes the intestinal microbiota of PI-IBS patients from that of both general IBS patients and HC. The microbial composition is significantly associated with the HADs score and alterations in lymphocyte subsets proportions.
|
|
| 66. |
|
|
| 67. |
- Sundin, Johanna, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cytokine Response after Stimulation with Key Commensal Bacteria Differ in Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) Patients Compared to Healthy Controls
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Microbial dysbiosis and prolonged immune activation resulting in low-grade inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction have been suggested to be underlying causes of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in cytokine response between mucosal specimens of PI-IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) after ex vivo stimulation with key anaerobic bacteria.Methods: Colonic biopsies from 11 PI-IBS patients and 10 HC were stimulated ex vivo with the commensal bacteria Bacteroides ovatus, Ruminococcus gnavus, Akkermansia muciniphila, Subdoligranulum variabile and Eubacterium limosum, respectively. The cytokine release (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) in stimulation supernatants was analyzed using the LUMINEX assay. Comparison of cytokine release between PI-IBS patients and healthy controls was performed taking both unstimulated and bacterially stimulated mucosal specimens into account.Key Results: IL-13 release from mucosal specimens without bacterial stimulation was significantly lower in PI-IBS patients compared to HC (p < 0.05). After stimulation with Subdoligranulum variabile, IL-1 beta release from PI-IBS patients was significantly increased compared to HC (p < 0.05). Stimulation with Eubacterium limosum resulted in a significantly decreased IL-10 release in HC compared to PI-IBS patients (p < 0.05) and a tendency to decreased IL-13 release in HC compared to PI-IBS patients (p = 0.07).Conclusions & Inferences: PI-IBS patients differ from HC with regard to cytokine release ex vivo after stimulation with selected commensal bacteria. Hence, our results support that the pathogenesis of PI-IBS comprises an altered immune response against commensal gut microbes.
|
|
| 68. |
|
|
| 69. |
|
|
| 70. |
|
|
| 71. |
|
|
| 72. |
- Sundin, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved Efficiency of Intraventricular Blood Flow Transit Under Cardiac Stress: A 4D Flow Dobutamine CMR Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-055X. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The effects of heart rate, inotropy, and lusitropy on multidimensional flow patterns and energetics within the human heart remain undefined. Recently, reduced volume and end-diastolic kinetic energy (KE) of the portion of left ventricular (LV) inflow passing directly to outflow, Direct flow (DF), have been shown to reflect inefficient LV pumping and to be a marker of LV dysfunction in heart failure patients. In this study, we hypothesized that increasing heart rate, inotropy, and lusitropy would result in an increased efficiency of intraventricular blood flow transit. Therefore, we sought to investigate LV 4D blood flow patterns and energetics with dobutamine infusion. Methods: 4D flow and morphological cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data were acquired in twelve healthy subjects: at rest and with dobutamine infusion to achieve a target heart rate similar to 60% higher than the resting heart rate. A previously validated method was used for flow analysis: pathlines were emitted from the end-diastolic (ED) LV blood volume and traced forward and backward in time to separate four functional LV flow components. For each flow component, KE/mL blood volume at ED was calculated. Results: With dobutamine infusion there was an increase in heart rate (64%, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.02) and stroke volume (p = 0.01). Of the 4D flow parameters, the most efficient flow component (DF), increased its proportion of EDV (p < 0.001). The EDV proportion of Residual volume, the blood residing in the ventricle over at least two cardiac cycles, decreased (p < 0.001). The KE/mL at ED for all flow components increased (p < 0.001). DF had the largest absolute and relative increase while Residual volume had the smallest absolute and relative increase. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that it is feasible to compare 4D flow patterns within the normal human heart at rest and with stress. At higher heart rate, inotropy and lusitropy, elicited by dobutamine infusion, the efficiency of intraventricular blood flow transit improves, as quantified by an increased relative volume and pre-systolic KE of the most efficient DF component of the LV volume. The change in these markers may allow a novel assessment of LV function and LV dysfunction over a range of stress.
|
|
| 73. |
|
|
| 74. |
|
|
| 75. |
- Sundin, Jan, 1941-
(författare)
-
Not just one countryside : Life chances in pre-industrial Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Health Care and Government Policy. - : Publicações do Cidehus. - 9791036534553
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ‘urban penalty’, i.e. higher urban mortality compared with the countryside, existed at a national level in Sweden until the twentieth century. However, at a regional and local level, the urban-rural dichotomy was less true. In three countryside parishes in 1750-1859, three different patterns emerge. Socioeconomic and geographical factors defined life chances from cradle to grave. In a suburban parish, in a cohort born in the 1790s, about half of the females died before they were 30 years old and half of the males died before they were 20! This example is at the worse end of the scale with survival rates below the Swedish average – but it is not unique. In contrast, among those born during the same decade in a forest parish, about half of the females lived until they were 60 years old and half of the males were still alive at the age of 50! This second example is at the positive end with survival rates much better than the Swedish average. A third example, an iron foundry, had low infant mortality but high adult mortality, resulting in survival rates close to the Swedish average.
|
|
| 76. |
- Sundin, Jan, 1941-
(författare)
-
Public Health is Politics
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Interchange. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0826-4805 .- 1573-1790. ; 50, s. 129-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Public health’ investigates the determinants of health, born during the Enlightenment in the seventeenth/eighteenth century. But ‘public health’ is also policies, aiming at the improvement of a population’s health. There is a mutual interchange between public health as science and as politics. A brief historical background is followed by an analysis of the impacts of political changes during the first two decades of the twenty first century in Sweden. In 2005, a policy document accepted by all political parties except for the Moderate Party highlighted socio-economic factors and structural reforms to decrease the health gaps in the population. The general election in September 2006 resulted in a new majority in the parliament and a center-right coalition government, including the Moderates and three parties that had approved of the 2005 document. In 2007 a “new public health policy” was introduced. Its priority lists stressed individual behavior and the new policy should be incentives to work instead of “allowances”. The Public Health Institute got instructions in accordance with the new policy. The ten years following this policy change has seen public health policies and attitudes to research shifting almost year by year. The new policy met a counter-stream from the very beginning. Influenced by Michael Marmot’s WHO Commission on health inequalities, regional commissions started in Sweden, Recommendations how to decrease social health gaps was adopted with almost no opposition by regional health boards in 2012–2013. But new problems were now occupying politicians and media—how to finance the growth of the old, multi-sick part of the population and increasing costs for new medical technologies and drugs. Public health as an academic discipline was in the middle of this fluctuating political landscape with direct effects on what has been considered worth listening to or support by public money.
|
|
| 77. |
- Sundin, Jan, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social Change and Health in Sweden : 250 Years of Politics and Practice
- 2007
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The impressive improvements in health for the Swedish population during the last two and a half centuries can be ascribed to many reasons. There has been a multifold of important public health measures including the regular collection of vital statistics from 1749 on a national level through the state church, which also played an important role in the early and widespread vaccination coverage against smallpox. Preventive mother and child care, access to health care free of charge, restrictive alcohol policy, accident prevention in several sectors and anti-tobacco campaigns have also been important. However, the increased living standard due to universal welfare policy strategies including social security, high educational standard, high degree of employment for women and men, regional and housing subsidies, appears to be equally or even more important.The Swedish National Institute of Public Health, SNIPH, has been responsible for supporting the implementation of the Swedish public health policy adopted by the Swedish Parliament, the Riksdag, in 2003, and for reporting on the implementation process as well as the results. The policy has been made available in English in a supplement to the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (volume 32, supplement 64; eds. Hogstedt C, Lundgren B, Moberg H, Pettersson B and Ågren G) as well as in a summary of the first Public Health Policy Report published in 2005. SNIPH has also contributed to the evaluation of Swedish public health research in another supplement (no. 65) to the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2005.Today’s public health policies and results can to a large extent be explained by history and experiences from earlier decades and even centuries. Therefore, we were very pleased to publish a book in 2005 on the health of the Swedish people in a historical perspective (eds. Sundin J, Hogstedt C, Lindberg J and Moberg H) in Swedish in cooperation with Professor Jan Sundin and Associate Professor Sam Willner from Linköping University and others. We are now equally pleased to be able to publish a summarised and modified version in English by Professor Jan Sundin and Associate Professor Sam Willner focusing on the health development in relation to social changes over the last 250 years. Bernt Lundgren, Christer Hogstedt and Henrik Moberg from SNIPH were responsible for the discussions with the authors and the processing of the book.The new Swedish public health policy from 2003 has attracted much attention internationally due to its focus on structural determinants as well as lifestyle factors. The policy has been mentioned in the WHO Bangkok Charter on Health Promotion in a Globalized World and the WHO strategy for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the European Region, as well as by the Independent WHO Commission on Social Determinants. It is our hope that this publication shall contribute to the understanding of the background and context for this policy.Historical lessons from one country can not be transferred uncritically to another country or be used as a basis for future decisions. However, the likelihood of the effects of different policies could be indicated by comparing differences and similarities in the contexts. We hope that this book will prove useful for policy comparisons and in the training of public health policy-makers, researchers, administrators and field workers.Östersund, December 2007Gunnar ÅgrenDirector General
|
|
| 78. |
|
|
| 79. |
|
|
| 80. |
- Sundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
A longitudinal examination of generic and occupational specific job demands, and work-related social support associated with burnout among nurses in Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 38:4, s. 389-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Burnout is a familiar problem within nursing. This longitudinal study was designed to examine the roles that generic and occupational specific job demands (i.e. "pain and death", "patient and relative needs", "threats and violence", "professional worries"), and various work-related sources of support play in association with burnout in a sample of registered nurses in Sweden. Methods and Participants: A questionnaire was completed on two different occasions, by the same group of nurses from three hospitals and two primary health care centers. Nurses with initial low and moderate scores on emotional exhaustion (n=585) and depersonalization (n=631) were included in the logistic regression analyses. Initial scores, as well as four categories examining change over time in the predictors (unchanged low, improved, impaired, unchanged high), were associated with burnout approximately one year later. Results: In the multivariate analyses, quantitative job demands and professional worries were associated with emotional exhaustion. Poor co-worker support was associated with depersonalization over time. Conclusion: This study suggests an association between generic as well as occupational specific job demands and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, an association between poor co-worker support and depersonalization was suggested. Implications of these findings and recommended directions for future research are discussed.
|
|
| 81. |
- Sundin, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Organisational factors, individual characteristics and social support : What determines the level of social support?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 27:1, s. 45-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of research has linked social support to health, but there are fewer studies that have focused on factors that influence the level of social support available and/or perceived by employees in different organisations. This cross-sectional study therefore investigated the relationship between on the one hand, organisational, individual and socio-demographic factors and on the other, the level of social support at the workplace, i.e., the degree of supervisor support and a supportive work atmosphere. Organisational variables (job demands, job control, job content), individual (self-esteem, mistrust) and socio-demographic variables (type of employer, occupational position, age, gender and educational level) were used as independent variables in the analyses. The sample consisted of 16,144 individuals at a variety of different organisations in Sweden, who had responded to a questionnaire covering different psychosocial and psychological stress factors (“the Stress Profile”). Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed separately for each of the two dependent variables, which yielded almost identical results, and indicated that organisational determinants, particularly perceived job control, had the largest impact on the degree of social support.
|
|
| 82. |
- Sundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between different work-related sources of social support and burnout among registered and assistant nurses in Sweden : A questionnaire survey
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 44:5, s. 758-769
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This cross-sectional study addresses the relationship between organisational and social factors and burnout in a group of registered and assistant nurses in Sweden. Objective: The main objective of the study was to analyse the relationship (and the specific relationship patterns) between three different work-related sources of social support and Maslach's three burnout dimensions, while taking the dimensions in the Karasek job-demand-control model, emotional demands, workload outside the work situation and demographic factors into account. Data and method: Data was collected using a questionnaire which was based on validated instruments, in accordance with the job-demand-control model and Maslach's Burnout Inventory. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and three hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using a sample of 1561 registered and assistant nurses in Sweden. Results: The results showed statistically significant correlations between the three support indicators and all three burnout dimensions. In the regression analyses, co-worker and patient support were statistically significantly related to all three burnout dimensions, whereas supervisor support was only statistically significantly related to emotional exhaustion. In accordance with prior findings, high levels of psychological demands were most strongly related to high emotional exhaustion. Further, high levels of emotional demands showed the strongest correlations with high personal accomplishment.
|
|
| 83. |
- Sundin, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Where is search in Information Literacy : A Theoretical Note on Infrastructure and Community of Practice
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Digital Communities : 15th International Conference, iConference 2020, Boras, Sweden, March 23–26, 2020, Proceedings - 15th International Conference, iConference 2020, Boras, Sweden, March 23–26, 2020, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783030436865 - 9783030436872 ; 12051, s. 373-379
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this conceptual paper theory of infrastructure is combined with one of situated learning, with a focus on search and search engines. The aim of the paper is to make a theoretical contribution to the information literacy research field by discussing theoretical contradictions as well as strengths when combining the two theoretical perspectives. Search engines and their use are part of the contemporary information infrastructure and are a such often not thought of when being used. It is argued that a critical perspective on information literacy in relation to search seems to demand that they are treated as situated and general at the same time. The paper concludes that sociomaterial perspectives on information literacy research offers both infrastructures and practices a place.
|
|
| 84. |
- Sundin, Rikard
(författare)
-
Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies within Arthonia Ach. (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales)
- 1999
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Arthonia was analysed. As a first step, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of some of the infrageneric groups suggested by earlier authors. The results strongly support that Arthonia, Arthothelium and Arthoniaceae are paraphyletic. Five monophyletic clades were revealed within Arthonia. The best supported clade , Arthonia sect. Arthonia, consisted of non-lichenized or poorly lichenized pioneer species, including the type species of Arthonia, A. radiata.A taxonomic revision of this clade in Europe, northern Africa and North America is presented. Descriptions, distribution maps and photographs are given for the 27 recognised species. The systematic history of Arthonia and Arthothelium is reviewed. The morphology, anatomy, chemistry, ecology and distribution patterns of Arthonia sect. Arthonia are described. Keys are given to the genera within Arthoniaceae, to infrageneric groups within Arthonia and to the treated species. A phylogenetic analysis of the 27 recognized species is presented, based on 57 morphological, anatomical, chemical and ecological characters. The analysis resulted in 311 most parsimonious trees. In the strict consensus tree section Arthonia is monophyletic receiving a Bremer support value of two. Arthonia reniformis and A. ruana constitute the sister group of section Arthonia. Relationships within section Arthonia are not fully resolved. A new species, Arthonia tehleri, is described. The following species of Arthothelium are transferred to Arthonia sect. Arthonia: Arthothelium beccarianum (syn. A. sardoum), A. lirellans, A. orbilliferum, A. phlyctiformis (syn. A. taediosoides), and A. subastroideum. The following names have to be changed due to priority reasons: Arthonia crozalsiana (to Arthonia albopulverea), A. epipastoides (to A. glaucella), A. sardoa (to A. beccariana), Arthothelium taediosoides (to Arthonia phlyctiformis).
|
|
| 85. |
- Sundin, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing Multifactorial Lifestyle Interventions and Stress Management in Coronary Risk Reduction.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 10:3, s. 191-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the effects of residential multifactorial cardiac rehabilitation, outpatient multifactorial rehabilitation, stress management, and standard coronary rehabilitation, on cardiac risk reduction. Out of 144 eligible male patients recently treated with percantaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 132 were randomized into this study. All interventions covered a 12-month active intervention, intense during the first months and subsequently leveled out. Main assessments were performed before randomization and after the intervention. Patients offered behavioral rehabilitation showed improved selfreported healthy diet habits and exercise frequency, and higher internal locus of control. Although blood lipids, exercise capacity, body mass, anxiety, depression, and Type A scores were changed in the expected direction, no significant difference emerged between active intervention and the standard care condition. Standard care of today appears to have great potential in particular if supplemented with some kind of stress management.
|
|
| 86. |
- Sundqvist, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying residual stresses in laser welds by fatigue crack growth acceleration measurement
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 27:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During laser welding, residual stresses are thermally induced. They can have strong impact on the fatigue behavior and fatigue life. A standardized measurement method for the fatigue crack growth rate was expanded to identify residual stress along the cracking path. The second derivative of the measured crack opening and in turn the crack acceleration corresponded well with distinct acceleration maxima and minima and accordingly with tensile and compressive stress, as was basically proven by numerical simulation. The method is simple and extendable. It provides valuable information, as was demonstrated for various situations.
|
|
| 87. |
|
|
| 88. |
- Söderman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Depression as a predictor of return to work in patients with coronary artery disease.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Social Science & Medicine. - 0277-9536. ; 56:1, s. 193-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of depression in coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes is being increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate the power of depression as a predictor of return to work, both at full time and at reduced working hours, within 12 months of participation in a behaviorally oriented rehabilitation program in Sweden. The sample comprised 198 employed patients who had recently experienced an acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=85), or had been treated with coronary by-pass surgery (CABG, n=73) or coronary angioplasty (PTCA, n=40). The results showed that clinical depression before intervention (16 as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory) exerted a great influence on work resumption both at full-time (odds ratio 9.43, CI=3.15–28.21) and at reduced working-hours (odds ratio 5.44, CI=1.60–18.53), while mild depression (BDI 10–15) influenced only work resumption at full-time (odds ratio 2.89, CI=1.08–7.70). Education and, at full-time hours, age also predicted work resumption. This highlights the importance of depressive symptoms in relation to return to work after a CAD event. More research is needed in order to elaborate the degree to which treatment of depression enhances work resumption rates.
|
|
| 89. |
- Söderman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Depression och livsstilsförändring vid rehabilitering av kranskärlspatienter
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Svensk Rehabilitering. - 1403-4468. ; :3, s. 48-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mellan 17 och 45% av kranskärlspatienter kan sägas vara deprimerade. Cirka hälften av de deprimerade kranskärlspatienterna har tidigare haft depressiva episoder och var tredje anses utveckla depression någon gång under året närmast efter en hjärtinfarkt. Förutom vid hjärtinfarkt är depression också mycket vanligt hos patienter med angina pectoris.
|
|
| 90. |
- Söderman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Depressive Mood on Lifestyle Changes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081 .- 0001-5555. ; 39:5, s. 412-417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the time-course of depressive mood in patients with coronary artery disease during a secondary prevention rehabilitation program, and to analyse how different pre-treatment levels of depressive mood during a treatment phase were related to the degree of lifestyle change at 36 months follow-up. SUBJECTS: The study group comprised 109 of the original 183 consecutive coronary artery disease patients (91 male and 18 female) of whom 48 recently had experienced an acute myocardial infarction, 36 had been treated with coronary bypass surgery, 13 with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and 12 had angina pectoris that had not been invasively treated. The subjects were divided into 3 subgroups based on their pre-treatment level of depressive mood. METHODS: Depressive mood was assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks and 12 months, using the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Lifestyle changes analysed included diet, smoking, relaxation (stress management) and exercise. RESULTS: Overall depressive mood ratings were significantly lower, both at the 4-week and 12-month assessments, compared with baseline, with the greatest improvements in patients with higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression measured depression. Original levels of depressive mood were not found to influence change of lifestyle habits during a 36-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Depressive mood might not be an obstacle to lifestyle changes when participating in a behaviourally oriented rehabilitation program including exercise-training, which might be a component important for improved depressive mood.
|
|
| 91. |
|
|
| 92. |
- Wall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
A one step prediction error approach to the identification of viscoplastic material models
- 2003
-
Ingår i: IUTAM Symposium on Field Analyses for Determination of Material Parameters - Experimental and Numerical Aspects. - 0925-0042. - 9781402012839 ; 109, s. 101-112
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach to the problem of estimating parameter in material models is presented. The approach is based on a state space representation of the constitutive equations and one step predictions. The differences between one-step predictions and the corresponding measurements are used to design generic one-step prediction error estimators, and in particular, the maximum likelihood method is presented. The one-step predictions are computed through extended Kalman filtering. Consequences of using a time dependent model with least squares regression are analysed. It is shown that if the residuals are a sequence of stochastic variables, correlated with the regressors, the parameter estimates may be biased. A Monte Carlo study shows that the model parameters of a Norton viscoplastic model are estimated with up to 40% higher precision with the new approach as compared to standard least squares regression. An analysis of the residuals clearly shows that the residuals of the new estimators form an independent sequence of random variables.
|
|
| 93. |
- Wall, Rebecca, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered expression of membrane transporters in colonic mucosa of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Post-infectious (PI)-IBS compared to healthy subjects
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 29:Suppl. 2, s. 107-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 5%- 15% of adults in the general population, and is characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort and associated with altered bowel habits. The pathophysiology of IBS is complex and not fully under-stood. Hence, treatment is often based on symptomatology rather than underlying physiological aberrancies.Objective: To compare the expression of membrane transporters in mucosal biopsies of healthy subjects, IBS patients and post- infectious (PI)- IBS patients.Methods: Mucosal biopsies were obtained from the unprepared sigmoid colon in 18 IBS patients, 9 PI- IBS patients and 10 healthy subjects. Total RNA was isolated and prepared for gene expression analyses using quantitative reverse- transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR). We compared the expression of genes encoding membrane- spanning transporters, using GAPDH as a reference gene, and by using the comparative 2- ΔΔCt method.Results: Colonic expression of SCL7A5 and SLC3A2 (together com-prising the amino acid transporter LAT1+4F2hc) was significantly lower in IBS patients, but not in PI- IBS patients, compared to healthy controls (P<.001). The expression of SLC7A8 (LAT2) tended to be lower in IBS patients compared to controls (P=.06). Mucosal gene ex-pression of the short chain fatty acid transporter SMCT1 (SLC5A8) was lower in both IBS- patients and PI- IBS patients compared to healthy subjects (P<.01).Conclusions: The amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2 appeared to be affected in IBS patients, but not in PI- IBS patients, compared to healthy subjects, suggesting a possible alteration in amino acids transport in this patient group. Furthermore, our results suggest a lower uptake of short chain fatty acids in both IBS- and PI- IBS pa-tients. Altered expression of these transporters may be involved in the pathophysiology of IBS as well as being a potential biomarker of this aberration, and therefore deserves further study in IBS.
|
|
| 94. |
- Wei, Shuoguo, 1986-
(författare)
-
Core Acquisition Management in Remanufacturing : Current Status and Modeling Techniques
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Remanufacturing is an important product recovery option that benefits our sustainable development. Cores, i.e. the used products/parts, are essential resources for remanufacturing. Without cores, there will not be any remanufactured products. Challenges in the core acquisition process are mainly caused by the uncertainties of: return volume, timing and core quality. Core Acquisition Management actively attempts to reduce these uncertainties and achieve a better balance of demand and return for the remanufacturers. The aim of this dissertation is to extend the knowledge of Core Acquisition Management in remanufacturing, by investigating the current status of research and industrial practice, and developing quantitative models that assist the decision making in the core acquisition process.In the dissertation, a literature review is firstly conducted to provide an overview about the current research in Core Acquisition Management. Possible further research interests, for example, more studies based on non-hybrid remanufacturing systems and imperfect substitution assumption are suggested. Through an industrial survey carried out in a fast developing remanufacturing market - China, environmental responsibility and ethical concerns, customer orientation and strategic advantage are identified as the most important motives for the remanufacturers, while customer recognition is their most serious barrier at present. Suggestions for further improving the Chinese remanufacturing industry from the policy-makers’ perspective are provided. After the above investigation, mathematical models are then developed to assist the acquisition decisions in two aspects: to deal with the uncertainties of return volume and timing, and to deal with the uncertainties of core quality.Acquisition decision about volume and timing is firstly studied from a product life cycle perspective, where the demands for remanufactured products and the core availability change over time. According to industrial observations, the remanufacturing cost decreases with respect to its core inventory. Using optimal control theory, core acquisition and remanufacturing decisions are derived to maximize the remanufacturer's profit. It is found that besides a simple bang-bang type control policy (either collecting as much as possible, or nothing), a special form of synchronizing policy (adjusting the core collection rate with demand rate) also exists. Furthermore, the acquisition decision depends greatly on the valuation of cores, and Real Option Valuation approaches are later used to capture the value of flexibility provided by owning cores when different aspects of remanufacturing environment are random. More specifically, the value of disposing a core earlier is investigated when the price of remanufactured product is uncertain, and the impact of the correlation between stochastic demand and return is also studied.To deal with the uncertainties of core quality, refund policies with different numbers of quality classes are studied. Under the assumption of uniformly distributed quality, analytical solutions for these refund policies are derived. Numerical examples indicate that the customers’ valuation of cores is an important factor influencing the return rates and the remanufacturer’s profit. Refund policies with a small number of quality classes could already bring major advantages. Credit refund policies (without deposits) are included for comparisons. In addition, within a game theory framework, the trade-off of two types of errors of the quality inspection in a deposit-refund policy is studied. The salvage values of different cores show great influences on the remanufacturer’s policy choices. The value of information transparency about the inspection errors are studied under different conditions. Interestingly, the customer may actually return more low quality cores when the inspection accuracy is improved.
|
|
| 95. |
|
|
| 96. |
- Willner, Sam, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Samhällskriser och ohälsa
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Framtider / Institutet för framtidsstudier. - 0281-0492.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 97. |
|
|
| 98. |
|
|
| 99. |
|
|
