| 51. |
- Kirchhoff, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
Breast cancer risk and 6q22.33 : combined results from Breast Cancer Association Consortium and Consortium of Investigators on Modifiers of BRCA1/2
- 2012
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, a locus on chromosome 6q22.33 (rs2180341) was reported to be associated with increased breast cancer risk in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population, and this association was also observed in populations of non-AJ European ancestry. In the present study, we performed a large replication analysis of rs2180341 using data from 31,428 invasive breast cancer cases and 34,700 controls collected from 25 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). In addition, we evaluated whether rs2180341 modifies breast cancer risk in 3,361 BRCA1 and 2,020 BRCA2 carriers from 11 centers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Based on the BCAC data from women of European ancestry, we found evidence for a weak association with breast cancer risk for rs2180341 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, p = 0.023). There was evidence for heterogeneity in the ORs among studies (I(2) = 49.3%; p = <0.004). In CIMBA, we observed an inverse association with the minor allele of rs2180341 and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (per-allele OR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.80-1.00, p = 0.048), indicating a potential protective effect of this allele. These data suggest that that 6q22.33 confers a weak effect on breast cancer risk.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Lin, Zhen, et al.
(author)
-
Worse Outcomes After Readmission to a Different Hospital After Sepsis : A Nationwide Cohort Study
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0736-4679 .- 1090-1280. ; 63:4, s. 569-581
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the United States, sepsis accounts for 13% of the total hospital expenses and > 50% of hospital deaths. Moreover, people with sepsis are more likely to be readmitted.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and outcomes of different hospital readmissions (DHRs) in patients with sepsis, and the factors associated with DHR.METHODS: We used data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database of the United States in 2017 to identify patients admitted for sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with DHR; five models were constructed to elucidate the relationship between DHR and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS: In 2017, 85,120 (21.97%) of all patients with sepsis readmitted within 30 days in the United States were readmitted to a different hospital. The most common reason for readmission was infection irrespective of hospital status. Compared with the patients with sepsis who were readmitted to the same hospital, DHR was associated with higher hospitalization costs ($2264; 95% CI $1755-$2772; p < 0.001), longer length of stay (0.58 days; 95% CI 0.44-0.71 days; p < 0.001), and higher risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.55-1.72; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: DHR occurred in one-fifth of patients with sepsis in the United States. Our findings suggest that patients readmitted to a different hospital within 30 days may experience higher in-hospital mortality, longer length of stay, and higher hospitalization costs. Future studies need to examine whether continuity of care can improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
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| 55. |
- Liu, Xiaotong, et al.
(author)
-
Hydroxy Fatty Acids as Novel Markers for Authenticity Identification of the Honey Entomological Origin Based on the GC-MS Method
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 71:18, s. 7163-7173
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authenticity of honey is generally a worldwide concern, and there is a pressing need to establish a suitable entomological method to identify the authenticity of Apis cerana cerana (A. cerana) and Apis mellifera ligustica (A. mellifera) honey. Hydroxy fatty acids as bee-derived components are known to widely exist in honey and other biosamples. Herein, we present an identification strategy for hydroxy fatty acids based on the relative quantification with reference to royal jelly and targeted quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the honey entomological origin. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to further determine differential hydroxy fatty acids between A. cerana honey and A. mellifera honey. Results showed that 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (96.20-253.34 versus 0-32.46 mg kg-1) and 3,10-dihydroxydecanoic acid (1.96-6.56 versus 0-0.35 mg kg-1) could be used as markers for accurate identification of the honey entomological origin, while the three fraud honey samples were recognized using this method. This study provides the novel marker hydroxy fatty acids to identify A. cerana honey and A. mellifera honey from the perspective of bee-derived component differences.
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| 56. |
- Man, JY, et al.
(author)
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Healthy Lifestyle Factors, Cancer Family History, and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in China
- 2021
-
In: Frontiers in nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 8, s. 774530-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyle factors, cancer family history, and gastric cancer risk.Methods: We examined the association between lifestyle factors, cancer family history, and gastric cancer risk based on a population-based case-control study in Taixing, China, with 870 cases and 1928 controls. A lifestyle score was constructed considering body shape, smoking, alcohol drinking, tooth brushing habit, and food storage method. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Compared with participants with a lifestyle score of 0, subjects with a lifestyle score of 1 (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.43–0.83), 2 (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.30–0.59), 3 (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.20–0.41), 4 (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.13–0.32), or 5 (OR 0.10, 95%CI 0.04–0.22) had a lower risk of gastric cancer (P for trend < 0.001). Overall, 34% of gastric cancer cases (95%CI 27–41%) can be attributed to non-compliance with ≥3 healthy lifestyle. Family history of early-onset cancer is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, with an OR ranging from 1.77 to 3.27. Regardless of family history, a good lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer, with an OR value between 0.38 and 0.70.Conclusions: The early-onset cancer family history is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer and a good lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer regardless of family history. Our results provide a basis for identifying and providing behavior guidance of high-risk groups of gastric cancer.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Ni, Ming-jiang, et al.
(author)
-
Naphthalene decomposition in a DC corona radical shower discharge
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A. - 1673-565X. ; 12:1, s. 71-77
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The naphthalene decomposition in a corona radical shower discharge (CRS) was investigated, with attention paid to the influences of voltage and initial naphthalene density. The OH emission spectra were investigated so as to know the naphthalene decomposing process. The by-products were analyzed and a decomposing theory in discharge was proposed. The results showed that higher voltage and relative humidity were effective on decomposition. The initial concentration affected the decomposing efficiency of naphthalene. When the initial naphthalene density was 17 mg/m(3), the decomposition rate was found to be 70% under 14 kV. The main by-products were carbon dioxide and water. However, a small amount of carbonic oxide, 1,2-ethanediol and acetaldehyde were found due to the incomplete oxidization.
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| 59. |
- Ni, Qiang, et al.
(author)
-
Performance Analysis of Contention Based Bandwidth Request Mechanisms in WiMAX Networks
- 2010
-
In: IEEE Systems Journal. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 1932-8184 .- 1937-9234. ; 4:4, s. 477-486
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- WiMAX networks have received wide attention as they support high data rate access and amazing ubiquitous connectivity with great quality-of-service (QoS) capabilities. In order to support QoS, bandwidth request (BW-REQ) mechanisms are suggested in the WiMAX standard for resource reservation, in which subscriber stations send BW-REQs to a base station which can grant or reject the requests according to the available radio resources. In this paper we propose a new analytical model for the performance analysis of various contention based bandwidth request mechanisms, including grouping and no-grouping schemes, as suggested in the WiMAX standard. Our analytical model covers both unsaturated and saturated traffic load conditions in both error-free and error-prone wireless channels. The accuracy of this model is verified by various simulation results. Our results show that the grouping mechanism outperforms the no-grouping mechanism when the system load is high, but it is not preferable when the system load is light. The channel noise degrades the performance of both throughput and delay. © 2010 IEEE.
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| 60. |
- Ni, Qiang, et al.
(author)
-
Wireless broadband access : WiMax and beyond - Investigation of bandwidth request mechanisms under point-to-multipoint mode of WiMAX networks
- 2007
-
In: IEEE Communications Magazine. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 45:5, s. 132-138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The WiMAX standard specifies a metropolitan area broadband wireless access air interface. In order to support QoS for multimedia applications, various bandwidth request and scheduling mechanisms are suggested in WiMAX, in which a subscriber station can send request messages to a base station, and the base station can grant or reject the request according to the available radio resources. This article first compares two fundamental bandwidth request mechanisms specified in the standard, random access vs. polling under the point-to-multipoint mode, a mandatory transmission mode. Our results demonstrate that random access outperforms polling when the request rate is low. However, its performance degrades significantly when the channel is congested. Adaptive switching between random access and polling according to load can improve system performance. We also investigate the impact of channel noise on the random access request mechanism. © 2007 IEEE.
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| 61. |
- Ni, Xiangyin, et al.
(author)
-
Formation of forest gaps accelerates C, N and P release from foliar litter during 4 years of decomposition in an alpine forest
- 2018
-
In: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 139:3, s. 321-335
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Relative to areas under canopy, the soils in forest gaps receive more irradiance and rainfall (snowfall); this change in microclimate induced by forest gaps may influence the release of carbon (C) and nutrients during litter decomposition. However, great uncertainty remains about the effects of forest gaps on litter decomposition. In this study, we incubated foliar litters from six tree and shrub species in forest gaps and canopy plots and measured the release of C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different snow cover periods in an alpine forest from 2012 to 2016. We found that N was retained by 24–46% but that P was immediately released during an early stage of decomposition. However, forest gaps decreased litter N retention, resulting in more N and P being released from decomposing litters for certain species (i.e., larch, birch and willow litters). Moreover, the release of C and nutrients during litter decomposition stimulated by forest gaps was primarily driven by warmer soil temperature in this high-altitude forest. We conclude that gap formation during forest regeneration may accelerate C turnover and nutrient cycling and that this stimulation might be regulated by the litter species in this seasonally snow-covered forest. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 62. |
- Ni, Yuan Qi, et al.
(author)
-
Infant-phase reddening by surface Fe-peak elements in a normal type Ia supernova
- 2022
-
In: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 6:5, s. 568-576
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars. They play a central role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and are an important measure of cosmological distances. However, outstanding questions remain about their origins. Despite extensive efforts to obtain natal information from their earliest signals, observations have thus far failed to identify how the majority of them explode. Here, we present infant-phase detections of SN 2018aoz from a very low brightness of −10.5 AB absolute magnitude, revealing a hitherto unseen plateau in the B band that results in a rapid redward colour evolution between 1.0 and 12.4 hours after the estimated epoch of first light. The missing B-band flux is best explained by line-blanket absorption from Fe-peak elements in the outer 1% of the ejected mass. The observed B − V colour evolution of the supernova also matches the prediction from an over-density of Fe-peak elements in the same outer 1% of the ejected mass, whereas bluer colours are expected from a purely monotonic distribution of Fe-peak elements. The presence of excess nucleosynthetic material in the extreme outer layers of the ejecta points to enhanced surface nuclear burning or extended subsonic mixing processes in some normal type Ia SN explosions.
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| 63. |
- Ni, Yuan Qi, et al.
(author)
-
The Origin and Evolution of the Normal Type Ia SN 2018aoz with Infant-phase Reddening and Excess Emission
- 2023
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 946:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SN 2018aoz is a Type Ia SN with a B-band plateau and excess emission in infant-phase light curves ≲1 day after the first light, evidencing an over-density of surface iron-peak elements as shown in our previous study. Here, we advance the constraints on the nature and origin of SN 2018aoz based on its evolution until the nebular phase. Near-peak spectroscopic features show that the SN is intermediate between two subtypes of normal Type Ia: core normal and broad line. The excess emission may be attributable to the radioactive decay of surface iron-peak elements as well as the interaction of ejecta with either the binary companion or a small torus of circumstellar material. Nebular-phase limits on Hα and He i favor a white dwarf companion, consistent with the small companion size constrained by the low early SN luminosity, while the absence of [O I] and He i disfavors a violent merger of the progenitor. Of the two main explosion mechanisms proposed to explain the distribution of surface iron-peak elements in SN 2018aoz, the asymmetric Chandrasekhar-mass explosion is less consistent with the progenitor constraints and the observed blueshifts of nebular-phase [Fe II] and [Ni II]. The helium-shell double-detonation explosion is compatible with the observed lack of C spectral features, but current 1D models are incompatible with the infant-phase excess emission, Bmax–Vmax color, and weak strength of nebular-phase [Ca II]. Although the explosion processes of SN 2018aoz still need to be more precisely understood, the same processes could produce a significant fraction of Type Ia SNe that appear to be normal after ∼1 day.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Qi, Xiaoying, et al.
(author)
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High Throughput, Absolute Determination of the Content of a Selected Protein at Tissue Levels Using Quantitative Dot Blot Analysis (QDB)
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lacking a convenient, quantitative, high throughput immunoblot method for absolute determination of the content of a specific protein at cellular and tissue level significantly hampers the progress in proteomic research. Results derived from currently available immunoblot techniques are also relative, preventing any efforts to combine independent studies with a large-scale analysis of protein samples. In this study, we demonstrate the process of quantitative dot blot analysis (QDB) to achieve absolute quantification in a high throughput format. Using a commercially available protein standard, we are able to determine the absolute content of capping actin protein, gelsolin-like (CAPG) in protein samples prepared from three different mouse tissues (kidney, spleen, and prostate) together with a detailed explanation of the experimental details. We propose the QDB analysis as a convenient, quantitative, high throughput immunoblot method of absolute quantification of individual proteins at the cellular and tissue level. This method will substantially aid biomarker validation and pathway verification in various areas of biological and biomedical research.
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| 68. |
- Qin, Jiajun, et al.
(author)
-
From optical pumping to electrical pumping: the threshold overestimation in metal halide perovskites
- 2023
-
In: Materials Horizons. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2051-6347 .- 2051-6355. ; 10:4, s. 1446-1453
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The threshold carrier density, conventionally evaluated from optical pumping, is a key reference parameter towards electrically pumped lasers with the widely acknowledged assumption that optically excited charge carriers relax to the band edge through an ultrafast process. However, the characteristically slow carrier cooling in perovskites challenges this assumption. Here, we investigate the optical pumping of state-of-the-art bromide- and iodine-based perovskites. We find that the threshold decreases by one order of magnitude with decreasing excitation energy from 3.10 eV to 2.48 eV for methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (MAPbBr(3)), indicating that the low-energy photon excitation facilitates faster cooling and hence enables efficient carrier accumulation for population inversion. Our results are then interpreted due to the coupling of phonon scattering in connection with the band structure of perovskites. This effect is further verified in the two-photon pumping process, where the carriers relax to the band edge with a smaller difference in phonon momentum that speeds up the carrier cooling process. Furthermore, by extrapolating the optical pumping threshold to the band edge excitation as an analog of the electrical carrier injection to the perovskite, we obtain a critical threshold carrier density of similar to 1.9 x 10(17) cm(-3), which is one order of magnitude lower than that estimated from the conventional approach. Our work thus highlights the feasibility of metal halide perovskites for electrically pumped lasers.
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| 69. |
- Ruiz, Héctor A., et al.
(author)
-
Severity factor kinetic model as a strategic parameter of hydrothermal processing (steam explosion and liquid hot water) for biomass fractionation under biorefinery concept
- 2021
-
In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524. ; 342
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrothermal processes are an attractive clean technology and cost-effective engineering platform for biorefineries based in the conversion of biomass to biofuels and high-value bioproducts under the basis of sustainability and circular bioeconomy. The deep and detailed knowledge of the structural changes by the severity of biomasses hydrothermal fractionation is scientifically and technological needed in order to improve processes effectiveness, reactors designs, and industrial application of the multi-scale target compounds obtained by steam explosion and liquid hot water systems. The concept of the severity factor [log10 (Ro)] established>30 years ago, continues to be a useful index that can provide a simple descriptor of the relationship between the operational conditions for biomass fractionation in second generation of biorefineries. This review develops a deep explanation of the hydrothermal severity factor based in lignocellulosic biomass fractionation with emphasis in research advances, pretreatment operations and the applications of severity factor kinetic model.
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| 70. |
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| 71. |
- Shao, Wei, et al.
(author)
-
Reduce uncertainty in soil hydrological modeling : A comparison of soil hydraulic parameters generated by random sampling and pedotransfer function
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Hydrology. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 623
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Numerical simulation of unsaturated soil hydrology relies on calibrated soil hydraulic parameters, which are subject to uncertainty due to imperfect information during the inverse modelling. This study investigates the effectiveness of reducing parameter uncertainty using the recently developed Rosetta 3 pedotransfer function. The GLUE method was employed for numerical modeling using the Darcy-Richards equation under two strategies for sampling Mualem-van Genuchten (MvG) parameters: the first uses conventional random generation of MvG parameters (GLUE-random), while the second adopts Rosetta 3 to transfer soil particle composition to MvG parameter (GLUE-Rosetta). Both approaches were used for inverse modeling of 9 typical soils, each with a recommended parameter set defined as true values and associated soil moisture dynamics as observations. The posterior parameters selected with both GLUE-random and GLUE-Rosetta show an equifinality phenomenon. GLUE-random fails to provide well-constrained posterior parameters to recover the pre-defined true values, and its posterior results of soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and soil hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) are poorly constrained. In contrast, GLUE-Rosetta significantly improves the accuracy of the inversely-estimated soil hydraulic parameters, and the ensemble of posterior SWCC and HCF also encompasses the predefined true curves. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using Rosetta 3 to reduce the dimensionality of the optimization problem, which results in reliable estimation of soil hydraulic parameters and soil particle compositions. Moreover, GLUE-Rosetta outperforms GLUE-random in predicting soil moisture dynamics under different rainfall intensities. Overall, it is recommended to integrate Rosetta 3 with existing optimization tools to reduce the uncertainty of soil parameters and support more reliable modeling of unsaturated soil hydrology.
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| 72. |
- Shao, Wei, et al.
(author)
-
Reducing uncertainties in hydromechanical modeling with a recently developed Rosetta 3 podeotransfer function
- 2023
-
In: Engineering Geology. - 0013-7952 .- 1872-6917. ; 324
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stability analysis of unsaturated landslide deposits requires reliable estimates of soil moisture and pore water pressure. However, modeled soil moisture and pore water pressure contain substantial uncertainties due to imperfect information on soil hydraulic properties. Due to the relatively high dimensionality, commonly used parameter optimization strategies can be significantly affected by equifinality problems. This study investigates the effectiveness of reducing parameter estimation dimensionality using soil pedo-transfer functions. Specifically, we first estimated soil hydraulic parameters using the traditional Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method, with parameters randomly drawn from the entire space (refer to as GLUE-random). In a second strategy, we use the Rosetta 3 pedotransfer function to constrain soil hydraulic parameters (refer to as GLUE-Rosetta). The two methods were tested in a typical landslide deposit with in-situ measured soil moisture dynamics for inverse modeling. The GLUE-random estimated soil hydraulic parameters contained substantial uncertainties –resulting in poorly constrained soil water retention curves (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity functions (HCF). As a result, the uncertainty bands of pore water pressure and slope stability can cross values with several orders of magnitudes. In contrast, GLUE-Rosetta provided well-constrained SWCC and HCF, which significantly reduce the uncertainties in pore water pressure and slope stability estimates. These results suggest that the Rosetta 3 pedotransfer function can significantly improve the reliability of soil hydraulic parameters by reducing the dimensionality of the optimization problem and high-quality prior information of soil hydraulic properties. In conclusion, Rosetta 3 can enhance the reliability of soil parameters estimates and the reliability of subsurface hydrology, which may benefit the development of landslide early-warning systems.
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| 73. |
- Stevens, Kristen N, et al.
(author)
-
19p13.1 is a triple negative-specific breast cancer susceptibility locus
- 2012
-
In: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 72, s. 1795-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 19p13.1 breast cancer susceptibility locus is a modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers and is also associated with risk of ovarian cancer. Here we investigated 19p13.1 variation and risk of breast cancer subtypes, defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, using 48,869 breast cancer cases and 49,787 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Variants from 19p13.1 were not associated with breast cancer overall or with ER-positive breast cancer but were significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk [rs8170 Odds Ratio (OR)=1.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05 - 1.15, p=3.49 x 10-5] and triple negative (TN) (ER, PR and HER2 negative) breast cancer [rs8170 OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.13 - 1.31, p=2.22 x 10-7]. However, rs8170 was no longer associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk when TN cases were excluded [OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.89 - 1.07, p=0.62]. In addition, a combined analysis of TN cases from BCAC and the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC) (n=3,566) identified a genome-wide significant association between rs8170 and TN breast cancer risk [OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.18 - 1.33, p=3.31 x 10-13]. Thus, 19p13.1 is the first triple negative-specific breast cancer risk locus and the first locus specific to a histological subtype defined by ER, PR, and HER2 to be identified. These findings provide convincing evidence that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer varies by tumor subtype and that triple negative tumors and other subtypes likely arise through distinct etiologic pathways.
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| 74. |
- Taddei, C, et al.
(author)
-
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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| 75. |
- Tang, Ting-Ting, et al.
(author)
-
Impaired thymic export and apoptosis contribute to regulatory T-cell defects in patients with chronic heart failure.
- 2011
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 6:9, s. e24272-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Animal studies suggest that regulatory T (T(reg)) cells play a beneficial role in ventricular remodeling and our previous data have demonstrated defects of T(reg) cells in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the mechanisms behind T(reg-)cell defects remained unknown. We here sought to elucidate the mechanism of T(reg-)cell defects in CHF patients.
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| 76. |
- Wang, Chuan Fei, et al.
(author)
-
Thermal-annealing effects on energy level alignment at organic heterojunctions and corresponding voltage losses in all-polymer solar cells
- 2020
-
In: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 72
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Matched energy level alignment is a key requirement for efficient organic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and field-effect transistors. The effect of thermal stress/annealing on energy level alignment and related properties of the devices are less discussed compared to the extensively explored effect on morphology and corresponding device performance. Here all polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are employed to study thermal annealing effects on energy level alignment and the corresponding effect on the device properties of the all-PSCs. It is found that optimized energy level alignment can be achieved by thermal annealing. An interface dipole layer at the donor/acceptor interface is introduced by energy level realignment that assists charge generation by reducing geminate recombination so that the voltage loss is dramatically reduced, improving the performance of the all-PSCs.
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| 77. |
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| 78. |
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| 79. |
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| 80. |
- Yang, X. C., et al.
(author)
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The bromination mechanism of 1-aminoanthraquinone-2,4-disulfonic acid in sulfuric acid
- 2006
-
In: Dyes and pigments. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7208 .- 1873-3743. ; 71:3, s. 231-235
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I-Amino-4-bromoanthraquinotie-2-sulfoiiic acid (bromoamine acid) is an important intermediate for dyes. 1-Aminoanthraquinone2,4-disulfonic acid is the major impurity when 1-aminoanthraquinone is sulfonated in oleum to synthesize bromoamine acid. The mechanism of bromination of 1-aminoanthraquinone-2,4-disulfonic acid in sulfuric acid has been studied. It is proved that I-aminoanthraquinone-2,4-disulfonic acid undergoes de-sulfonation first to form 1-aminoanthraquinoine-2-sulfonic acid, and then bromination to form bromoamine acid. Based on this mechanism, a new optimal process for the synthesis of bromoamine acid is developed. In this way, bromoamine acid is afforded in high yield and good quality.
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| 81. |
- Yang, Xun, et al.
(author)
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Diamond Based Optical Metasurfaces for Broadband Wavefront Shaping in Harsh Environment
- 2024
-
In: Laser and Photonics Reviews. - 1863-8899 .- 1863-8880. ; In Press
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metasurface enables a new class of “meta-optics” that can manipulate light at subwavelength scale. Despite that versatile metasurfaces have been demonstrated based on a wide range of materials, the vulnerability of conventional materials to harsh environments, i.e., low resistance to corrosion, low transparency at short wavelength, and lack of thermal/mechanical stability, greatly limit their applications in extreme conditions. Diamond is well-known for exceptional properties, including the highest thermal conductivity, high damage resistance, extraordinary hardness, and chemical inertness. Therefore, diamond based metasurface is generally expected to benefit from its material merits for extreme use. However, the performance of diamond metasurface in harsh environments remains unexplored up to date. To address this question, this work is designed to study the suitability of single-crystal diamond based metasurface for broadband applications under harsh environments. As an example, diamond metasurfaces with representative functionalities, including holographic wavefront-shaping, DUV-focusing, are investigated under high-temperature, acid/alkali, and abrasive conditions, respectively. The findings prove the capability of diamond metasurfaces for applications in broadband and harsh conditions, which not only provides a practical and scalable scheme to encode on-demand functionalities into diamond, but also unlocks a capable candidate to develop robust, large bandwidth, and durable meta-optics for advanced wavefront shaping under extreme conditions.
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| 82. |
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| 83. |
- Zhang, Chi, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Cross or Wait? Predicting Pedestrian Interaction Outcomes at Unsignalized Crossings
- 2023
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In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings. - Anchorage, Alaska, Canada, : IEEE. - 9798350346916 - 9798350346923
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Predicting pedestrian behavior when interacting with vehicles is one of the most critical challenges in the field of automated driving. Pedestrian crossing behavior is influenced by various interaction factors, including time to arrival, pedestrian waiting time, the presence of zebra crossing, and the properties and personality traits of both pedestrians and drivers. However, these factors have not been fully explored for use in predicting interaction outcomes. In this paper, we use machine learning to predict pedestrian crossing behavior including pedestrian crossing decision, crossing initiation time (CIT), and crossing duration (CD) when interacting with vehicles at unsignalized crossings. Distributed simulator data are utilized for predicting and analyzing the interaction factors. Compared with the logistic regression baseline model, our proposed neural network model improves the prediction accuracy and F1 score by 4.46% and 3.23%, respectively. Our model also reduces the root mean squared error (RMSE) for CIT and CD by 21.56% and 30.14% compared with the linear regression model. Additionally, we have analyzed the importance of interaction factors, and present the results of models using fewer factors. This provides information for model selection in different scenarios with limited input features.
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| 84. |
- Zhang, H., et al.
(author)
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Registration of Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Based on Deep Fully Convolutional Neural Network
- 2019
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In: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1939-1404 .- 2151-1535. ; 12:8, s. 3028-3042
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multimodal image registration is the fundamental technique for scene analysis with series remote sensing images of different spectrum region. Due to the highly nonlinear radiometric relationship, it is quite challenging to find common features between images of different modal types. This paper resorts to the deep neural network, and tries to learn descriptors for multimodal image patch matching, which is the key issue of image registration. A Siamese fully convolutional network is set up and trained with a novel loss function, which adopts the strategy of maximizing the feature distance between positive and hard negative samples. The two branches of the Siamese network are connected by the convolutional operation, resulting in the similarity score between the two input image patches. The similarity score value is used, not only for correspondence point location, but also for outlier identification. A generalized workflow for deep feature based multimodal RS image registration is constructed, including the training data curation, candidate feature point generation, and outlier removal. The proposed network is tested on a variety of optical, near infrared, thermal infrared, SAR, and map images. Experiment results verify the superiority over other state-of-the-art approaches.
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| 85. |
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| 86. |
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| 87. |
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
- Zhou, Guang-Quan, et al.
(author)
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A Single-Shot Region-Adaptive Network for Myotendinous Junction Segmentation in Muscular Ultrasound Images
- 2020
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In: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0885-3010 .- 1525-8955. ; 67:12, s. 2531-2542
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tracking the myotendinous junction (MTJ) in consecutive ultrasound images is crucial for understanding the mechanics and pathological conditions of the muscletendon unit. However, the lack of reliable and efficient identification of MTJ due to poor image quality and boundary ambiguity restricts its application in motion analysis. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning, the region-based convolution neural network (RCNN) has shown great potential in the field of simultaneous objection detection and instance segmentation in medical images. This article proposes a region-adaptive network (RAN) to localize MTJ region and to segment it in a single shot. Our model learns about the salient information of MTJ with the help of a composite architecture. Herein, a region-based multitask learning network explores the region containing MTJ, while a parallel end-to-end U-shaped path extracts the MTJ structure from the adaptively selected region for combating data imbalance and boundary ambiguity. By demonstrating the ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius, we showed that the RAN achieves superior segmentation performance when compared with the state-of-the-art Mask RCNN method with an average Dice score of 80.1. Our proposed method is robust and reliable for advanced muscle and tendon function examinations obtained by ultrasound imaging.
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| 90. |
- Zhou, Yang, et al.
(author)
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Benzylamine-Treated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite with High Thermal-Photostability and Photovoltaic Performance
- 2017
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In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 7:22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mixed iodide-bromide organolead perovskites with a bandgap of 1.70-1.80 eV have great potential to boost the efficiency of current silicon solar cells by forming a perovskite-silicon tandem structure. Yet, the stability of the perovskites under various application conditions, and in particular combined light and heat stress, is not well studied. Here, FA(0.15)Cs(0.85)Pb(I0.73Br0.27)(3), with an optical bandgap of approximate to 1.72 eV, is used as a model system to investigate the thermal-photostability of wide-bandgap mixed halide perovskites. It is found that the concerted effect of heat and light can induce both phase segregation and decomposition in a pristine perovskite film. On the other hand, through a postdeposition film treatment with benzylamine (BA) molecules, the highly defective regions (e.g., film surface and grain boundaries) of the film can be well passivated, thus preventing the progression of decomposition or phase segregation in the film. Besides the stability improvement, the BA-modified perovskite solar cells also exhibit excellent photovoltaic performance, with the champion device reaching a power conversion efficiency of 18.1%, a stabilized power output efficiency of 17.1% and an open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 1.24 V.
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| 91. |
- Zhou, Yang, et al.
(author)
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How Photogenerated I2 Induces I-Rich Phase Formation in Lead Mixed Halide Perovskites
- 2023
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In: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bandgap tunability of lead mixed halide perovskites (LMHPs) is a crucial characteristic for versatile optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, LMHPs show the formation of iodide-rich (I-rich) phase under illumination, which destabilizes the semiconductor bandgap and impedes their exploitation. Here, it is shown that how I-2, photogenerated upon charge carrier trapping at iodine interstitials in LMHPs, can promote the formation of I-rich phase. I-2 can react with bromide (Br-) in the perovskite to form a trihalide ion I2Br- (I delta--I delta+-Br delta-), whose negatively charged iodide (I delta-) can further exchange with another lattice Br- to form the I-rich phase. Importantly, it is observed that the effectiveness of the process is dependent on the overall stability of the crystalline perovskite structure. Therefore, the bandgap instability in LMHPs is governed by two factors, i.e., the density of native defects leading to I-2 production and the Br- binding strength within the crystalline unit. Eventually, this study provides rules for the design of chemical composition in LMHPs to reach their full potential for optoelectronic devices.
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| 92. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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