| 51. |
- Cascone, Claudia
(author)
-
Optical sensors in drinking water production : Towards automated process control in relation to natural organic matter
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Access to safe and clean drinking water is a basic human right (A/RES/64/292). In Sweden, large drinking water treatment plants use mainly surface water as water source. The long-term trend of increasing natural organic matter (NOM) in boreal and north European surface waters negatively affects the overall performance of the treatment processes. To address this issue, sensors are increasingly used as a tool for real-time analysis of water quality providing early warning of potential contamination and decision support for process control.In this thesis, absorbance- and fluorescence-based sensors were used to estimate dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations in two Swedish rivers prior to managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and their accuracy was compared (Paper I and IV). The possibility of coupling a coagulation treatment with MAR was explored at laboratory-scale. Two pilot-scale experiments using granular activated carbon filtration were carried out to optimise DOM removal (Paper II). A recent method for molecular DOM analysis was tested to investigate the effect of ozone on low molecular weight compounds. An open-source Python toolbox called “AbspectroscoPY” was developed to pre-process the large amount of absorbance-based sensor data and compute a range of spectral metrics from the time-series data. This allowed a preliminary identification of variability in the spectrophotometric profiles of treated water as a step forward toward automated early warning systems (Paper III). An algorithm for turbidity compensation of the raw absorbance spectra was added (Paper IV). This thesis contributes to an increased knowledge on NOM removal in water treatment using high frequency sensor data from optical sensors.
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| 52. |
- Chakwizira, Arthur, et al.
(author)
-
Diffusion MRI with pulsed and free gradient waveforms : effects of restricted diffusion and exchange
- 2023
-
In: NMR in Biomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 36:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monitoring time-dependence with diffusion MRI yields observables sensitive to compartment sizes (restricted diffusion) and membrane permeability (water exchange). However, restricted diffusion and exchange have opposite effects on the diffusion-weighted signal, which can lead to errors in parameter estimates. In this work, we propose a signal representation that incorporates the effects of both restricted diffusion and exchange up to second order in b-value and is compatible with gradient waveforms of arbitrary shape. The representation features mappings from a gradient waveform to two scalars that separately control the sensitivity to restriction and exchange. We demonstrate that these scalars span a two-dimensional space that can be used to choose waveforms that selectively probe restricted diffusion or exchange, eliminating the correlation between the two phenomena. We found that waveforms with specific but unconventional shapes provide an advantage over conventional pulsed and oscillating gradient acquisitions. We also show that parametrisation of waveforms into a two-dimensional space can be used to understand protocols from other approaches that probe restricted diffusion and exchange. For example, we found that the variation of mixing time in filter-exchange imaging corresponds to variation of our exchange-weighting scalar at a fixed value of the restriction-weighting scalar. The proposed signal representation was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations in identical parallel cylinders with hexagonal and random packing as well as parallel cylinders with gamma-distributed radii. Results showed that the approach is sensitive to sizes in the interval 4 - 12 μm and exchange rates in the simulated range of 0 to 20 s -1 , but also that there is a sensitivity to the extracellular geometry. The presented theory constitutes a simple and intuitive description of how restricted diffusion and exchange influence the signal as well as a guide to protocol design capable of separating the two effects.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Davoine, Celine, et al.
(author)
-
Functional metabolomics as a tool to analyze Mediator function and structure in plants
- 2017
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mediator is a multiprotein transcriptional co-regulator complex composed of four modules; Head, Middle, Tail, and Kinase. It conveys signals from promoter-bound transcriptional regulators to RNA polymerase II and thus plays an essential role in eukaryotic gene regulation. We describe subunit localization and activities of Mediator in Arabidopsis through metabolome and transcriptome analyses from a set of Mediator mutants. Functional metabolomic analysis based on the metabolite profiles of Mediator mutants using multivariate statistical analysis and heat-map visualization shows that different subunit mutants display distinct metabolite profiles, which cluster according to the reported localization of the corresponding subunits in yeast. Based on these results, we suggest localization of previously unassigned plant Mediator subunits to specific modules. We also describe novel roles for individual subunits in development, and demonstrate changes in gene expression patterns and specific metabolite levels in med18 and med25, which can explain their phenotypes. We find that med18 displays levels of phytoalexins normally found in wild type plants only after exposure to pathogens. Our results indicate that different Mediator subunits are involved in specific signaling pathways that control developmental processes and tolerance to pathogen infections.
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| 56. |
- de Jong, Johnny
(author)
-
Extending the EU Renewable Energy Directive sustainability criteria to solid bioenergy from forests
- 2014
-
In: Natural Resources Forum. - : Wiley. - 0165-0203. ; 38, s. 129-140
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solid bioenergy from forests plays and is expected to continue to play a key role to fulfil the renewable energy targets at the European Union level. When the Renewable Energy Directive was enacted, sustainability criteria were incorporated solely for biofuels and bioliquids. Sustainability criteria for solid bioenergy are also needed in order to prevent wood and primary forest residues from posing additional environmental risks to ecosystems. Acknowledging this, the European Commission has been working on extending the biofuels and bioliquids provisions to solid biomass. An internal draft was circulated in August 2013 which addressed the ways to both balance and mitigate the risks in three main topics: biodiversity; sustainable forest management; and greenhouse gases. This paper presents a set of criteria and indicators, developed during workshops with experts from Governments, scientific institutions, businesses and NGOs, that may be considered by the EU to assure that solid biomass from forests is obtained in an environmentally sustainable way.
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| 57. |
- de Jong, Johnny, et al.
(author)
-
Impact on species of conservation interest of forest harvesting for bioenergy purposes
- 2017
-
In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 383, s. 37-48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood harvested from logging residues, pre-commercial and conservation thinnings is increasingly being used as biofuel as a substitute for fossil fuels. Here, we review the additional impact that wood harvesting for energy purposes has on species of conservation interest (SCI) in Swedish forests compared with the effects of conventional management, a perspective that largely has not been taken into consideration. We compiled data from 122 studies of forest fuel extraction with short- and long-term perspectives at the stand and landscape level to examine whether the effects on SCI are due to an additional loss of bio-diversity as a result of cutting old forest or owing to competition from species that are favoured by the habitats formed by clearcutting. We also consider whether forest bioenergy extractions can be used to favour conservation values. The amount of logging residues has, in parallel to the amount of annually harvested trees, doubled during the past 50 years in Sweden and constitutes the major source of dead wood for biodiversity in managed forests. Common wood-inhabiting species, predominantly fungi, beetles and other insects, and to some extent lichens, are the main species affected by wood harvesting for energy purposes. The main cause for the decline of SCI is the impact already imposed by conventional forest management: clearcutting old forest stands with subsequent soil scarification. Few SCI survive clear-felling because these species typically require other types of conditions and substrates than the new dead-wood substrate created after clear-felling. We conclude that the logging residues of conifers could potentially be harvested with small to negligible impacts on SCI. However, owing to the limited number of landscape level analyses that have been performed and the inherent difficulties of assessing the effects of wood harvesting on rare SCI, we suggest that these findings need to be treated with caution and that further studies should be undertaken. Hardwood conservation thinnings and brushwood harvest may improve conservation values. Developing operational guidelines to help to mitigate ecological damage to biodiversity should be based on cautionary principles and requires further large-scale and long-term research. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(author)
-
Natural Computational Architectures for Cognitive Info-Communication
- 2021
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and Tsotsos 2020), evaluates modelling of the core cognitive abilities in humans, but only marginally addresses biologically plausible approaches based on natural computation. This mini review presents a set of perspectives and approaches which have shaped the development of biologically inspired computational models in the recent past that can lead to the development of biologically more realistic cognitive architectures. For describing continuum of natural cognitive architectures, from basal cellular to human-level cognition, we use evolutionary info-computational framework, where natural/ physical/ morphological computation leads to evolution of increasingly complex cognitive systems. Forty years ago, when the first cognitive architectures have been proposed, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was different. So was the state of the art of information physics, bioinformatics, information chemistry, computational neuroscience, complexity theory, selforganization, theory of evolution, information and computation. Novel developments support a constructive interdisciplinary framework for cognitive architectures in the context of computing nature, where interactions between constituents at different levels of organization lead to complexification of agency and increased cognitive capacities. We identify several important research questions for further investigation that can increase understanding of cognition in nature and inspire new developments of cognitive technologies. Recently, basal cell cognition attracted a lot of interest for its possible applications in medicine, new computing technologies, as well as micro- and nanorobotics. Bio-cognition of cells connected into tissues/organs, and organisms with the group (social) levels of information processing provides insights into cognition mechanisms that can support the development of new AI platforms and cognitive robotics.
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| 61. |
- Dunér, David, et al.
(author)
-
Perseverance
- 2022. - 1
-
In: Pandemic Ponderings. - Uppsala : Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study. - 9789198194838 ; , s. 73-85
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 62. |
- Dunér, David, et al.
(author)
-
Un café con… David Dunér
- 2020
-
In: ¿Estamos solos?. - Barcelona : Critica. - 9788491992394
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 63. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(author)
-
Balancing different forest values: Evaluation of forest management scenarios in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework
- 2019
-
In: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 103, s. 55-69
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Besides traditional timber production, other forest functions, such as biodiversity and recreation, have gained increasing importance during the last few decades. Demands on forests have become more diversified, thus making forest management and planning more complex. To meet these challenges, there is a growing interest in a more diversified silviculture, for which a number of different management options are available. However, it remains unclear how the various management options affect economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. Hence, in this study, we assess the consequences of various management options on different aspects of sustainable forest management through scenario analysis using a forestry decision support system. We evaluate 10 different forest management scenarios for two contrasting municipalities in Sweden, based on expert participation by way of a web-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework. We asked experts in economic, ecological, and social forest values, as well as those in reindeer husbandry, to weigh a number of indicators in their field of expertise against each other, and to create value functions for each indicator. We then determined scenario ranking for different sets of weights for economic, ecological and social forest values. Our results indicate that current management practices are favorable for economic aspects (wood production), while a number of scenarios would be better suited to fulfill the Swedish co-equal forest policy goal of production and consideration of environmental issues, such as scenarios with longer rotation periods, a larger share of set-asides and a higher share of continuous cover forestry. These measures would be beneficial not only for ecological values, but also for social values and for reindeer husbandry. Furthermore, we found that expert participation through the web-tool was a promising alternative to physical meetings that require more commitment in terms of time and resources.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Eskafi, Majid, et al.
(author)
-
Framework for Dealing with Uncertainty in the Port Planning Process
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. - 0733-950X. ; 147:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Globalization has increased international trade where the contribution of maritime transportation is significant. The projection of future port traffic in terms of vessel call and vessel size provides valuable and fundamental input to capacity planning and management, adjusting the direction of port development. In this research, analysis of port traffic is carried out for the Ports of Isafjordur network. The analysis is conducted based on the prediction of port throughput (ie, containerized and noncontainerized cargo, cruise ship call/passenger) in conjunction with port infrastructure
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| 68. |
- Feckler, Alexander, et al.
(author)
-
Exposure pathway-dependent effects of the fungicide epoxiconazole on a decomposer-detritivore system
- 2016
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 571, s. 992-1000
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shredders play a central role in the breakdown of leaf material in aquatic systems. These organisms and the ecological function they provide may, however, be affected by chemical stressors either as a consequence of direct waterborne exposure or through alterations in food-quality (indirect pathway). To unravel the biological relevance of these effect pathways, we applied a 2 x 2-factorial test design. Leaf material was microbially colonized for 10 days in absence or presence of the fungicide epoxiconazole (15 mu g/L) and subsequently fed to the shredder Asellus aquaticus under exposure to epoxiconazole (15 mu g/L) or in fungicide-free medium over a 28-day period (n = 40). Both effect pathways caused alterations in asselids' food processing, physiological fitness, and growth, although not always statistically significantly: assimilation either increased or remained at a similar level relative to the control suggesting compensatory behavior of A. aquaticus to cope with the enhanced energy demand for detoxification processes and decreased nutritional quality of the food. The latter was driven by lowered microbial biomasses and the altered composition of fatty acids associated with the leaf material. Even with increased assimilation, direct and indirect effects caused decreases in the growth and lipid (fatty acid) content of A. aquaticus with relative effect sizes between 10 and 40%. Moreover, the concentrations of two essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) were non-significantly reduced (up to similar to 15%) in asselids. This effect was, however, independent of the exposure pathway. Although waterborne effects were generally stronger than the diet-related effects, results suggest impaired functioning of A. aquaticus via both effect pathways. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Fetterplace, Lachlan
(author)
-
Temporal stability in a protected and isolated fish community within marine parks surrounding Lord Howe Island
- 2021
-
In: Regional Studies in Marine Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4855. ; 48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Remote oceanic islands often display high levels of biodiversity and endemism, making them important locations for marine parks aimed at conserving biodiversity. To determine whether marine parks are reaching conservation objectives requires consistent assessments of their effectiveness through time. Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid are World Heritage listed remote oceanic islands in the Tasman Sea that support a diverse assemblage of fishes including many endemic and protected species. To conserve the region’s unique marine biodiversity, state and Commonwealth marine parks including no-take zones and partially protected zones open to line fishing were established. After approximately 5, 9 and 13 years of protection of shelf habitat we tested for changes in the marine park’s fish assemblage across management zones through time using baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs). We detected no difference in total fish abundance, diversity, or assemblage composition between management zone types. The relative abundance of targeted carangids, yellowtail kingfish and silver trevally were 2 and 1.6 times greater in no-take zones than partially protected zones respectively, however, the substantial variation in their abundances among locations and sites meant that these differences were not statistically significant. No clear difference in the relative abundance of endemic, near-endemic and protected species were observed between management zone types. Generally, the abundance and diversity of fishes varied most among locations, sites and sampling years. The overall lack of difference in the fish assemblage between management zone types and its stability through time suggests current anthropogenic threats are relatively minor, and the marine park’s condition is reasonably healthy. Future surveys of the marine park’s fish assemblage will be valuable to test for body-size differences between zone types and to monitor trends in condition, particularly in response to possible changes in the number, frequency and intensity of anthropogenic threats.
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| 71. |
- Fredriksson, Alexandra, et al.
(author)
-
Conceptual Blending Monitoring Students’ Use of Metaphorical Concepts to Further the Learning of Science
- 2020
-
In: Research in Science Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0157-244X .- 1573-1898. ; 50:3, s. 917-940
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore how tertiary science students’ use of metaphors in their popular science article writing may influence their understanding of subject matter. For this purpose, six popular articles written by students in physics or geology were analysed by means of a close textual analysis and a metaphor analysis. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the students. The articles showed variation regarding the occurrence of active (non-conventional) metaphors, and metaphorical concepts, i.e. metaphors relating to a common theme. In addition, the interviews indicated that students using active metaphors and metaphorical concepts reflected more actively upon their use of metaphors. These students also discussed the possible relationship between subject understanding and creation of metaphors in terms of conceptual blending. The study suggests that students’ process of creating metaphorical concepts could be described and visualised through integrated networks of conceptual blending. Altogether, the study argues for using conceptual blending as a tool for monitoring and encouraging the use of adequate metaphorical concepts, thereby facilitating students’ opportunities of understanding and influencing the learning of science.
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| 72. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring Advanced Projects as Meeting Points between Students and Industry
- 2022
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study includes survey of the Swedish companies and other potential employers perspective/view on the computer science students´ projects as well as the opportunities and limitations for the students. This is the first major study we have undertaken within this bachelor programme to, in depth, investigate both the company and the student views of how we should incorporate industry-oriented working methods in the context of CDIO. From the companies´ perspective, for example we are evaluating questions related to the projects´ size and projects´ output; the confidentiality of the projects; the communication aspects, like how early and how often a company need to meet the students; the job opportunities after graduation; or if the company is interested in other ways of being involved in the bachelor program. Two courses in the last semester, in the Bachelor Programme in Computer Science and Engineering, are implemented as work-based projects. Here, the students have an opportunity to work with an advanced project incorporating both prototype building, software development and academic research. The full time twenty-week project is incorporating the Conceive, Design and Implement parts of the CDIO concept. For the last three years, the proportion of work-based projects have varied between 40 % and 80 % and has mainly been done in co-operation with private companies. A few projects have been done in co-operation with none-profit organizations. The students’ perspective is very important and is therefore included in this study. The students from the bachelor programme as well as alumni have participated in the survey. The student survey focuses on expectations, experiences, and reflections from the interaction with the companies. The survey also includes questions related to acquired skills and abilities, limitations and difficulties, as well as job opportunities after the graduation.
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| 73. |
- Gobelius, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Calibration and application of passive sampling for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a drinking water treatment plant
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 362, s. 230-237
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to calibrate and apply polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) to examine 26 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). As a first step, the sampling rates (R-s) of 14 PFASs were determined in a laboratory calibration study for POCIS-WAX (weak-anion exchange) and POCIS-HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) (each with a surface area per mass of sorbent ratio of 227 cm(2) g(-1)). While most PFASs were still in the linear uptake phase during the 28-day calibration study, R-s ranged from 0.003 to 0.10 L d(-1) for POCIS-WAX and 0.00052 to 0.13 for POCIS-HLB. It is important to note that POCIS-WAX had higher R-s, for short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) with a perfluorocarbon chain length of C3-C6 and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) compared with POCIS-HLB. Furthermore, R-s was significantly positively correlated with the sorbent-water partition coefficient (K-pw) for POCIS-WAX and POCIS-HLB (p < 0.0001). Use of POCIS-WAX and POCIS-HLB in the DWTP showed good agreement with composite water sampling. No removal of PFASs was observed in the full-scale DWTP. Overall, this is the first study of PFAS monitoring in a DWTP using two types of POCIS. The results demonstrate high suitability for future applications.
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| 74. |
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| 75. |
- Handirk, Rebekka, 1994
(author)
-
Legacy fostering the twins. Connecting the S/X and VGOS telescope network generations
- 2024
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) being the next step in the development of geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), it is necessary to connect the new VGOS network to existing legacy S/X telescopes. Specially designed short-baseline interferometry sessions aim to obtain local-tie vectors between these telescope generations at observatories that have both legacy S/X and new generation VGOS telescopes. At the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), this is being done by short-baseline interferometry between the VGOS Onsala Twin Telescopes ONSA13SW and ONSA13NE, and the legacy antenna ONSALA60. Similarly, short-baseline interferometry sessions referred to as NYTIE have been performed at Ny-Ålesund, involving the VGOS telescope NYALE13S and the legacy S/X antenna NYALES20. In both cases, these dedicated experiments yielded station coordinates and baselines with mm or even sub-mm accuracy. This thesis focuses on exploring the possibilities of connecting co-located radio telescopes with short-baseline interferometric measurements, specially in the cases of the observatories in Onsala and Ny-Ålesund.
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| 76. |
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| 77. |
- Hedmark, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Test av stängseltråden RubberGuard Wire
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- RubberGuard Wire är en elstängseltråd som består av tunna metalltrådar överdragna med ledande gummi. Enligt distributörer kortsluts inte tråden till följd av kontakt med exempelvis vegetation och vatten. I den här studien undersökte vi hur den elektriska spänningen i stängseltråden RubberGuard Wire påverkas av kontakt med jord, vatten, mark och våt vegetation. Trådens prestanda bedömdes genom mätning av spänningen under olika förhållanden. Som jämförelse genomfördes parallella experiment med den typ av metalltråd (slät galvad High Tensile tråd (HT-tråd)) som rekommenderas till rovdjursavvisande stängsel.Experimenten visade att RubberGuard Wire påverkades på samma sätt som metalltråden vid kontakt med jord, vatten, mark och växtlighet. Vår slutsats är att RubberGuard Wire inte presterar bättre än en stängseltråd av metall när den kommer i kontakt med växande vegetation eller andra element som vanligtvis kortsluter elstängsel.
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| 78. |
- Hellervik, Alexander, 1978
(author)
-
Networks of urban interaction - Growth and centrality in the complex geography of urban activity
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How cities and regions grow and decline depend on technological, social and economic factors. Understanding the interplay of these forces is central in research efforts aiming to improve urban and transport planning. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how mathematical modelling and computer simulation can contribute to these efforts and a central aim is to achieve practically useful models with retained conceptual simplicity as well as correspondence to important empirical patterns. The approach combines a spatially fine-grained representation of land, with processes of urban interaction based on the theory of complex networks. Urban activity at a location is modelled as the sum of all economic interactions stemming from that location. The potentials for interactions and activity are deduced mainly from spatial constraints, such as transport networks and land use regulations. Concepts that are studied include urban growth, accessibility and urban agglomeration. For model validation, an extensive data set on Swedish land taxation values is used. These values are based on actual sales prices and rent levels and can thus be considered as reasonable proxies for urban economic activity. Comparisons are made between empirical data and model outcomes, both with regard to probability distributions and geographical distributions. The empirical probability distribution of land values is found to be well approximated by a power law, strengthening the case for modelling the system as a complex network based on a process of multiplicative growth. By combining these principles with spatial interaction mediated by a transport network, the preferential centrality model is formulated. The activity predictions generated by this model reproduces empirical geographical patterns of land values. The presented models provide explanatory links between the structure of transportation networks and the geographical distributions of urban economic activity. This makes them attractive as starting points for the further step of creating practically useful planning applications. For example, the models could be used to assess how specific transport infrastructure improvements influence urban expansion.
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| 79. |
- Hemström, Kerstin, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
Symmetrical leadership and participation for cross-learning
- 2021
-
In: Transdisciplinary Knowledge Co-production: a guid for susianable cities. - : Practical Action Publishing. - 9781788531450 ; , s. 101-103
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Co-producing knowledge for wellbeing in sustainable cities
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| 80. |
- Hertog, Iris, et al.
(author)
-
Barriers to expanding continuous cover forestry in Sweden for delivering multiple ecosystem services
- 2022
-
In: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 53
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has the largest forest cover in the European Union, and for decades, Sweden's forest industry has pursued intensive forest management through tree plantations and clear-cutting in order to maximize wood production. The Swedish forestry sector is increasingly under pressure to transition away from intensive clear-cut forest management, but other forest management models are still a niche in Sweden’s forest management and face barriers in their wider uptake. We use transition theory and the multi-level perspective framework to analyse the dynamics within the Swedish forestry sector, and investigate the barriers that actors practicing and promoting Continuous Cover Forestry in Sweden face. We identify culture, forestry education, industrial networks and timber markets as domains where there is a mismatch between Continuous Cover Forestry and the current clear-cut forest management. Our analysis shows that the limited uptake of Continuous Cover Forestry in Sweden has explanations that go far beyond the lack of knowledge and ecological limitations that it is often associated with. Thus, we conclude that research and policy-making need to account for these diverse explanations and address the power and social dimensions associated with competing forest management models for building multi-functional forest ecosystems in the future.
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| 81. |
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| 82. |
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
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| 85. |
- Holm, Annalena, et al.
(author)
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Mathematics Communication within the Frame of Supplemental Instruction – SOLO & ATD Analysis
- 2015
-
In: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 87-97
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Teaching at Swedish primary and secondary school is often combined with collaborative exercises in a variety of subjects. One such method for learning together is Supplemental instruction (SI). Several studies have been made to evaluate SI in universities throughout the world, while at lower levels, hardly any studies have been made until now. The present study aimed at identifying learning conditions in SI-sessons at two Swedish upper secondary schools. Within this study a combination of ATD (Anthropological Theory of Didactics) and the SOLO-taxonomy (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome) was successfully tried as an analysis strategy.
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| 86. |
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| 87. |
- Holmberg, John, 1963
(author)
-
Backcasting into the future
- 2019
-
In: Anatomy of a 21st-century sustainability project. - 9789198416633 ; , s. 180-183
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 88. |
- Holmström, Kristina, et al.
(author)
-
Merging Small Scattered Pastures into Large Pasture-Forest Mosaics Can Improve Profitability in Swedish Suckler-Based Beef Production
- 2018
-
In: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A scattered structure of small pastures has negative effects on profitability in beef enterprises because small enclosures result in high labor costs per livestock unit. Moreover, larger enterprises distribute the costs across more livestock units and hence achieve lower operating costs. Creating larger coherent pastures makes it easier to increase herd size and yields positive effects due to economies of scale. This study on five Swedish organic cow-calf enterprises examined how profitability is affected by creating larger pastures from small scattered pastures and adjacent forest land. Additional income, additional costs, reduced income and reduced costs were taken into account using a partial budgeting technique. A change to larger coherent pastures was found to be profitable for all enterprises examined. Agri-environmental payments and supports were the most important benefit from creating larger pastures, followed by income increases and cost reductions resulting from economies of scale and improved consolidation. Income reductions due to premature final felling (clearcutting of forest land) and the opportunity cost of forest land did not have a major influence. To conclude, creating large coherent pasture-forest mosaics by merging small scattered enclosures is profitable for Swedish organic cow-calf enterprises.
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| 89. |
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| 90. |
- Hu, Leland S, et al.
(author)
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Advanced Imaging in the Diagnosis and Response Assessment of High-Grade Glioma : AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.
-
In: American Journal of Roentgenology: diagnostic imaging and related sciences. - 1546-3141.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This AJR Expert Panel Narrative explores the current status of advanced MRI and PET techniques for the post-therapeutic response assessment of high-grade adult-type gliomas, focusing on ongoing clinical controversies in current practice. Discussed techniques that complement conventional MRI and aid the differentiation of recurrent tumor from post-treatment effects include DWI and diffusion tensor imaging; perfusion MRI techniques including dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and arterial spin labeling; MR spectroscopy including assessment of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) concentration; glucose- and amino acid (AA)-based PET; and amide proton transfer imaging. Updated criteria for Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology are presented. Given the abundant supporting clinical evidence, the panel supports a recommendation that routine response assessment after HGG treatment should include perfusion MRI, particularly given the development of a consensus recommended DSC-MRI protocol. Although published studies support 2HG MRS and AA PET, these techniques' widespread adoption will likely require increased availability (for 2HG MRS) or increased insurance funding in the United States (for AA PET). The article concludes with a series of consensus opinions from the author panel, centered on the clinical integration of the advanced imaging techniques into posttreatment surveillance protocols.
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| 91. |
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| 92. |
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| 93. |
- Jones, Michael
(author)
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Resilience Assessment : International Best Practice Principles
- 2021
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In: Special Publication Series.
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Other publication (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSEThis document sets out international best-practice principles for resilience assessment being undertaken within an impact assessment (IA) of some project, plan, programme, or policy (in this context, its function may be different to that of a self-standing resilience assessment). Resilience assessment can contribute to impact assessment by defining specific disturbances that can lead to failure of natural, social, and engineered systems. The disturbance can be caused either by the proposed action, factors beyond the influence of proposed action, or combination of both. The impact assessment can consider all these factors within one coherent framework. It can identify synergies and knock-on effects that can cause potential system failures, and advise on interventions that avoid failures in the critical functions of the systemBACKGROUNDResilience assessment evaluates the structure and function of a system of focus (hereafter ‘focal system’) and, in the context of an impact assessment, focuses on the effects of the proposed action on the resilience of that focal system. The focal system can include: socio-ecological, biophysical, engineering,technological, or other components. Resilience assessment should ideally examine the consequences of the proposed action in combination with internal or external factors that may collectively influence the resilience of the focal system (e.g., biophysical system change caused by global warming on engineeredstructures).
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| 94. |
- Kahlert, Maria
(author)
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Benthic diatoms in streams and lakes
- 2016
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In: Ecological Assessment of Swedish Water Bodies; development, harmonisation and integration of biological indicators. Final report of the research programme WATERS. Deliverable 1.1-4. - 9789163920981 ; 2016:10:2016:10, s. 44-50
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive was incorporated into Swedish legislation in 2004. Its aim is to develop sustainable management of European surface- and groundwater and with the implementation of the directive there was a need for development of monitoring programmes and tools for assessing water quality. In response to these needs the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency opened a call for research on "Biological assessment criteria in aquatic environments". As a result of this call, a consortium of 11 partners, was granted a total budget of 47 million SEK funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Research Grant, to pursue the research programme WATERS during 5 years. WATERS has developed better indicators and methods for classification and references in Swedish lakes, streams and coastal waters. This provides a valuable basis for a new generation of biological assessment criteria to be defined by the authorities. WATERS has also developed general methods for assessing and reducing uncertainty in classification of ecological status, as well as harmonised and transparent methods for integrated assessment. In combination, these results are expected to improve and simplify future status assessments according to the Water Framework Directive. Several teams of ecologists specialised in limnic and marine waters have contributed, led by Jacob Carstensen, Aarhus university, Richard Johnson, Swedish university of agricultural sciences, Leif Pihl, University of Gothenburg and Sofia A Wikström, Stockholm university. The programme has been coordinated by Mats Lindegarth at the Swedish institute for the marine environment. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to everyone that has contributed to the success of the programme. WATERS steering group has consisted of the coordinator, team leaders and responsible contacts at the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. These have been represented by Mats Svensson and Cecilia Lindblad respectively. The authors alone are responsible for the content of this report.
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| 95. |
- Kikuchi, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil from Swedish background sites
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants with bioaccumulative and toxic potential. This study investigated the levels, composition profiles and geographical distribution of 28 PFASs in 31 soil samples from Swedish background areas. In total, 15 of the 28 analysed PFASs were detected, with an average concentration of 2.4 ng g-1 dw (median of 1.9 ng g-1 dw, n = 31). The dominant PFASs in the soil samples were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (20 % of the ∑28PFASs), perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (FOSAA, 15 %), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA, 14 %) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS, 13 %). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) had also the highest detection frequency of the studied PFASs (77 %) in the soil samples with a median concentration of 0.30 ng g-1 dw. However, the guideline value for PFOS in soil for sensitive land use from the Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) (3 ng g-1 dw) was not exceeded in any sample. However, assuming the same toxicity for all PFASs, the ∑28PFAS concentrations exceeded the guideline value (3 ng g-1 dw) in 9 out of 31 samples (29 %). PFOS and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) concentrations showed higher concentrations towards the south (significant negative correlation with latitude; p < 0.05), while FOSAA showed an opposite trend (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PFBS showed higher concentrations towards the west (significant negative correlation with longitude; p < 0.05). The proportion of PFOS (%) decreased significantly with latitude (i.e. towards the south), while the proportion of FOSAA (%) increased with latitude (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentrations of FOSAA, PFBS and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriDA) showed a significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) (p < 0.05). The concentrations of FOSAA correlated significantly positive with both PFTriDA and PFBS (p < 0.05). Overall, PFASs were ubiquitously detected in Swedish background soil samples and showed distinguish geographical distribution. However, more data are needed regarding the pathways and sources of PFASs in soil and identifying potential hot spots.
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| 96. |
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| 97. |
- Lennartsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Defining the reference situation for biodiversity in Life Cycle Assessments: Review and recommendations
- 2016
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biodiversity – crucial for ecosystem health and its products and services – is being lost at an alarming rate. Several models that aim to assess biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessments have been proposed, but there are still some obstacles before these models become biologically realistic and feasible. One of the major challenges to be addressed is the identification of an appropriate reference situation for biodiversity, to serve as a point of comparison for assessing changes over time. However, this reference could be a point in the past, present, or future, and its choice will imply different interpretations of land use and land transformation impacts. Here we provide a short introduction to this topic and outline the main challenges as well as possible solutions to properly incorporate biodiversity reference situations in Life Cycle Assessments.
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| 98. |
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| 99. |
- Lundin, Lars
(author)
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Quantifying Carbon and Nutrient Input From Litterfall in European Forests Using Field Observations and Modeling
- 2018
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In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 32, s. 784-798
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Litterfall is a major, yet poorly studied, process within forest ecosystems globally. It is important for carbon dynamics, edaphic communities, and maintaining site fertility. Reliable information on the carbon and nutrient input from litterfall, provided by litter traps, is relevant to a wide audience including policy makers and soil scientists. We used litterfall observations of 320 plots from the pan-European forest monitoring network of the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests to quantify litterfall fluxes. Eight litterfall models were evaluated (four using climate information and four using biomass abundance). We scaled up our results to the total European forest area and quantified the contribution of litterfall to the forest carbon cycle using net primary production aggregated by bioregions (north, central, and south) and by forest types (conifers and broadleaves). The 1,604 analyzed annual litterfall observations indicated an average carbon input of 224gCm(-2)year(-1) (annual nutrient inputs 4.49gN, 0.32gP, and 1.05gKm(-2)), representing a substantial percentage of net primary production from 36% in north Europe to 32% in central Europe. The annual turnover of carbon and nutrient in broadleaf canopies was larger than for conifers. The evaluated models provide large-scale litterfall predictions with a bias less than 10%. Each year litterfall in European forests transfers 351TgC, 8.2TgN, 0.6TgP, and 1.9TgK to the forest floor. The performance of litterfall models may be improved by including foliage biomass and proxies for forest management.Plain Language Summary All plants shed parts of their biomass periodically. This litterfall is important for transferring carbon and nutrients from the canopy back to the soil. Every year in European forests about one third of carbon produced via photosynthesis falls to the forest floor as litterfall. Broadleaved trees shed more carbon and nutrients than conifers. Models can be used to quantify the average flux across Europe, but need improvement to be applicable at fine scales.
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| 100. |
- Lunneryd, Sven-Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Hur löser vi konflikten mellan säl och kustfiske. Program Sälar och Fiskes verksamhet från 1994 till 2017
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- De ökande sälpopulationerna längs Sveriges kust skapar en växande konflikt med det kustnära fisket. Sedan 1980talet är skador orsakade av säl på fångst och redskap av sådan omfattning att de medför betydande ekonomiska förluster för fiskerinäringen. Program Sälar och Fiske (PSF) är ett råd bestående av representanter från Havs och vattenmyndigheten (HaV), Naturvårdsverket, Jordbruksverket, Länsstyrelser och yrkesfiskar e. Sedan 1994 har PSF utvecklat sälsäkra redskap och forskar kring konflikten mellan däggdjur och det kustnära fisket. Programmets mål är ett livskraftigt kustfiske parallellt med ett starkt sälbestånd. PSF har fokuserat på följande fyra områden: konflikte n mellan säl och fiske, metoder för att hålla sälar borta från fiskeredskap, redskapsutveckling som hindrar sälarna från att ta och skada fångst och redskap samt rådgivning och information till myndigheter, intressenter och allmänheten. Syftet med denna rapport är att beskriva den forskning och det arbete som har bedrivits från 1994 fram till 2016 inom PSF. För att få begrepp om konfliktens direkta påverkan på kustfisket studeras skadornas omfattning. Detta görs med hjälp av bland annat yrkesfiskares obliga toriska rapportering om daglig eller månatlig fångst och ansträngning till EUs fiskeloggbok men också med hjälp av frivillig journalföring av fiskares landade och sälskadade fångst samt ansträngning . Även mer detaljerade studier av fångst och skadeprocessen har utförts i flera kustfisken. PSF var de första att beräkna den så kallade dolda skadan i flera svenska kustfisken. Den dolda skadan är den del av fångsten som sälen tar utan att den lämnar några spår efter sig. Även den fisk som sälen skrämmer bort fr ån fiskeplatsen är en dold skada men den är svår att beräkna. I laxfisket med äldre traditionella laxfällor underskattades den obse rverade sälskadan med minst 46 procent. I torskfisket beräknades att för varje skadad torsk som kom upp med garnen var det 4 torskar som tagits hela av sälen vid det aktuella studietillfället. I sikfisket i norra Östersjön försvann mer än 20 fiskar för varje skadad fisk som kom upp i garnet. Studier av strömmingsfiske med skötar visade att sälen plockar bort stora mängder strömming ur garnen men det största problemet är att sälen skrämmer bort strömmingen från fiskeplatserna. Analyser av sälskador i fiske loggboken har används för att beräkna fördelning av sälskadeersättningen mellan länen men också för att göra ekonomiska analyser av den totala skadan sälen orsakar kustfisket. PSF har prövat många olika sätt för att hålla sälarna borta från redskapen. Det har gjorts studier där redskap har varit gömd a för sälen genom att gömma bojarna som märker ut dem under ytan i och med att sä larna bland annat använder synen som ett hjälpmedel för att upptäcka redskap. Vi har prövat sälskrämmor för att med ett starkt ljud hålla sälarna borta från redskap och fiskeområden. Vi har till och med matat sälar med strömming i hopp om att de inte skulle attackera utsatta redskap i närheten. Ingen av de metoderna har fungerat tillfredställande och är inte i kommersiellt bruk. PSF har även utvecklat sälfällor och bedrivit skyddsjakt vid redskap. Att fånga säl i fällor är svårt och tidskrävande. År 2007 ut vecklades en sälfångande pushupfälla som blev godkänd . Redskapet har dessvärre inte kommit i allmänt bruk vilket har försvåra t utvärderingen om skadorna minskar när skadegörarande sälar tas bort. Resultat från ett fångstförsök 2007, då 20 sälar fångades, visar dock en minskning av skador i de områden där sälarna sköts, men materialet är litet. Den mest hållbara och långsiktiga lösningen på konflikten, om jakt inte inkluderas, är att utveckla sälsäkra redskap. Redskapen behöver fiska effektivt, vara enkla för fiskaren att hantera samt vara skonsamma för miljön. Utvecklingen av sälsäkra redskap kan ske genom att sälsäkra traditionella redskap, som exempelvis laxfällor, men också genom utveckling av nya redskap som aldrig tidigare provats i något fiske. Vid utvecklingen av nya redskap måste många faktorer tas i beaktande. Det krävs bland annat ökad kunskap om både fiskens och sälens beteende i förhållande till redskapet. Därför är en viktig del i redskapsutvecklingen att studera fiskars och sälars beteende i o ch runt redskapen. Andra viktiga aspekter är att redskapen skall vara selektiva när det gäller undermålig fångst och inte orsaka bifångster av marina däggdjur, fåglar och oönskade fiskarter. PSF driver utvecklingen av pushupfällan vilket är ett sälsäkert redskap som idag används av i stort sett alla laxfiskare. Det sker fortfarande en utveckling av pushup fällan delvis för att göra redskapet mer selektivt men också för att utveckla det för andra arter som strömming och siklöja. De senaste åren prövar vi pushupfällan i södra Östersjön för torsk där den placeras på lokaler där torsktillgången för att ersätta torskfiske med garn och krok . De senaste åren har sälproblemen i garnfisket efter torsk i södra Östersjön ökat dramatiskt med den ökande sälpopulationen. PSF har de senaste åren fokuserat på att utveckla torskburar, ett sälsäkert alternativ till garnfiske. Det är en utmaning att ta fram fångsteffektiva, hanterbara, selektiva och sälsäkra burar för ett ekonomiskt hållbart fis ke samtidigt som torsktillgången minskar och är av sämre kondition. Även andra fiskemetoder utvecklas , som exempelvis notfiske anpassade för mindre fartyg och för ett småskaligt kustnära fiske. Notfiske är definitivt ett mer skonsamt fiske än trålfiske, vilket har begränsad sälpåverkan
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