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Sökning: AMNE:(AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Agricultural Biotechnology) > (2020-2024)

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1.
  • Steinhagen, Sophie, et al. (författare)
  • Harvest time can affect the optimal yield and quality of sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata) in a sustainable sea-based cultivation : Seasonal Cultivation of Ulva fenestrata
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seaweed biomass is a renewable resource with multiple applications. Sea-based cultivation of seaweeds can provide high biomass yields, low construction, operation, and maintenance costs and could offer an environmentally and economically sustainable alternative to land-based cultivations. The biochemical profile of sea-grown biomass depends on seasonal variation in environmental factors, and the optimization of harvest time is important for the quality of the produced biomass. To identify optimal harvest times of Swedish sea-based cultivated sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata), this study monitored biomass yield, morphology, chemical composition, fertility, and biofouling at five different harvesting times in April - June 2020. The highest biomass yields (approx. 1.2 kg fw [m rope]-1) were observed in late spring (May). The number and size of holes in the thalli and the amount of fertile and fouled tissue increased with prolonged growth season, which together led to a significant decline in both biomass yield and quality during summer (June). Early spring (April) conditions were optimal for obtaining high fatty acid, protein, biochar, phenolic, and pigment contents in the biomass, whereas carbohydrate and ash content, as well as essential and non-essential elements, increased later in the growth season. Our study results show that the optimal harvest time of sea-based cultivated U. fenestrata depends on the downstream application of the biomass and must be carefully selected to balance yield, quality, and desired biochemical contents to maximize the output of future sea-based algal cultivations in the European Northern Hemisphere.
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2.
  • Sandin, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Technology Neutrality in European Regulation of GMOs
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Ethics, Policy & Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2155-0085 .- 2155-0093. ; 1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objections to the current EU regulatory system on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in terms of high cost and lack of consistency, speed and scientific underpinning have prompted proposals for a more technology-neutral system. We sketch the conceptual background of the notion of ‘technology neutrality’ and propose a refined definition of the term. The proposed definition implies that technology neutrality of a regulatory system is a gradual and multidimensional feature. We use the definition to analyze two regulatory reform proposals: One proposal from the Netherlands for improving the exemption mechanism for GMOs under Directive 2001/18/EC, and one from the Norwegian Biotechnology Advisory Board, outlining a new stratified risk assessment procedure. While both proposals offer some degree of improved technology neutrality in some dimensions compared to current EU regulation, in some extents and dimensions, they do not. We conclude that proposals for more technology-neutral regulation of GMOs need, first, to make explicit to what extent and in what dimensions the proposal improves neutrality and, second, to present arguments supporting that these specific improvements constitute desirable policy change against the background of objections to current policy.
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3.
  • Stedt, Kristoffer, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Post-harvest cultivation with seafood process waters improves protein levels of Ulva fenestrata while retaining important food sensory attributes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seaweed aquaculture can provide the growing human population with a sustainable source of proteins. Sea-based cultivation is an effective method for farming seaweeds on a large scale and can yield high biomass output. However, the quality and biochemical composition of the biomass is seasonally dependent, which limits the harvests to certain periods of the year. Here we show the possibility to extend the sea-based cultivation season of Ulva fenestrata when aiming for high protein levels, by post-harvest treatment in herring production process waters. We harvested U. fenestrata at an optimal period in terms of yield, but suboptimal in terms of protein content. We then cultivated the seaweed in onshore tank systems with the nutrient-rich process waters for 14 days. We monitored biomass yield, crude protein content, amino acid composition, and content of the health concerning metals arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium, as well as the sensory properties of the dried biomass. After cultivation in the process waters, biomass yields were 30 - 40% higher (210 – 230 g fresh weight) compared to in seawater (160 g fresh weight). Also, the crude protein and amino acid content increased three to five times in the process waters, reaching 12 - 17 and 15 – 21% dry weight, respectively. The protein enriched biomass followed food graded standards for heavy metal content, and consumption of the biomass does not exceed health based reference points. Additionally, no sensory attributes regarded as negative were found. This rapid, post-harvest treatment can help extend the cultivation season of sea-based seaweed farms, maximizing their output of sustainable proteins.
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4.
  • Björk, Mats, 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • Methane emissions from macrophyte beach wrack on Baltic seashores
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 52:1, s. 171-181
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Beach wrack of marine macrophytes is a natural component of many beaches. To test if such wrack emits the potent greenhouse gas methane, field measurements were made at different seasons on beach wrack depositions of different ages, exposure, and distance from the water. Methane emissions varied greatly, from 0 to 176 mg CH4-C m−2 day−1, with a clear positive correlation between emission and temperature. Dry wrack had lower emissions than wet. Using temperature data from 2016 to 2020, seasonal changes in fluxes were calculated for a natural wrack accumulation area. Such calculated average emissions were close to zero during winter, but peaked in summer, with very high emissions when daily temperatures exceeded 20 °C. We conclude that waterlogged beach wrack significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and that emissions might drastically increase with increasing global temperatures. When beach wrack is collected into heaps away from the water, the emissions are however close to zero.
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5.
  • Rämö, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Sediment Remediation Using Activated Carbon: Effects of Sorbent Particle Size and Resuspension on Sequestration of Metals and Organic Contaminants.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environmental toxicology and chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1552-8618 .- 0730-7268. ; 41:4, s. 1096-1110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thin-layer capping using activated carbon (AC) has been described as a cost-effective in situ sediment remediation method for organic contaminants. In this study, we compare the capping efficiency of powdered AC (PAC) against granular AC (GAC) using contaminated sediment from Oskarshamn harbor, Sweden. The effects of resuspension on contaminant retention and cap integrity were also studied. Intact sediment cores were collected from the outer harbor and brought to the laboratory. Three thin-layer caps, consisting of PAC or GAC mixed with clay, or clay only, were added to the sediment surface. Resuspension was created using a motor-driven paddle to simulate propeller wash from ship traffic. Passive samplers were placed in the sediment and in the water column to measure the sediment-to-water release of PAHs, PCBs, and metals. Our results show that a thin-layer cap with PAC reduced sediment-to-water fluxes of PCBs by 57 % under static conditions and 91 % under resuspension. Thin-layer capping with GAC was less effective than PAC, but reduced fluxes of high-molecular weight PAHs. Thin-layer capping with AC was less effective in retaining metals, except for Cd, which release was significantly reduced by PAC. Resuspension generally decreased water concentrations of dissolved cationic metals, perhaps due to sorption to suspended sediment particles. Sediment resuspension in treatments without capping increased fluxes of PCBs with log Kow > 7 and PAHs with log Kow 5 6, but resuspension reduced PCB and PAH fluxes through the PAC thin-layer cap. Overall, PAC performed better than GAC, but adverse effects on the benthic community and transport of PAC to non-target areas are drawbacks that favor the use of GAC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.© 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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6.
  • Sims, Cassie, et al. (författare)
  • Feeding the future : developing the skills landscape in the agri-food sector
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. - : Wiley. - 0268-2575 .- 1097-4660. ; 97:3, s. 549-557
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The agri-food sector and supply chain is a foundational component of society and is required for healthy populations across the globe. Feeding the world, not only with enough calories, but with nutritious food that has been sustainably sourced and processed, is a continuous and developing challenge. Despite this, careers in research and development opportunities in the agri-food sector have less visibility in comparison to other sectors, and we argue that agri-food remains under-represented in education and training, from school through to higher education. In this perspective, we explore how diversity in people, skills and education contributes to the agri-food sector, and how fostering this diversity could help to solve some of the big challenges faced in 2021 and beyond. Specific focus is given to education and training schemes, and the lack of agri-food topics in relevant science degrees.
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7.
  • Olsson, Joakim, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of geographical location on potentially valuable components in Ulva intestinalis sampled along the Swedish coast
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Applied Phycology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2638-8081. ; 1:1, s. 80-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Macroalgal biomass has the potential to become an important source of chemicals and commodities in a future biorefinery. Currently, production of macroalgal biomass is expensive and the content of high-value compounds is often low. Therefore, in this study the biochemical composition of Ulva intestinalis along the Swedish west coast and the east coast up to Stockholm was assessed with the aim of determining how the content of potentially valuable compounds, such as rhamnose, iduronic acid and PUFAs, could be maximized by utilizing natural variation in the choice of marine cultivation site. Along the investigated coastline, the salinity dropped from 19.4‰ at high latitudes along the west coast to 5.4‰ at Stockholm. Nitrogen and phosphorus availability varied, while temperature was similar at all locations. The two major components of biomass, carbohydrates and ash, varied inversely with the highest content of ash in the west and carbohydrates in the east. In addition, total fatty acids were significantly higher in west coast samples at 3.2 g 100 g–1 dw, with a higher proportion of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some health-beneficial fatty acids were found, including EPA and DPA, at 10–50 mg 100 g–1 dw, respectively. The metal content and elemental composition varied widely, probably due to the influence of specific local conditions. The P content was correlated with the phosphorus concentration in waters at the locations. In PCA analysis, the monosaccharides constituting the cell wall polysaccharide ulvan were found to vary by geographical location, with higher levels possibly associated with lower salinities. However, only glucuronic acid differed significantly between sites. These results show the considerable geographical variability in the composition of Swedish U. intestinalis and suggest that different salinities could be used to create a lipid- or carbohydrate-rich biomass.
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8.
  • Amith, Abraham, et al. (författare)
  • Growth promoting activities of antagonistic bacterial endophytes from Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. - India : CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. - 0019-5189 .- 0975-1009. ; 59:12, s. 827-833
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rubber plantations are known to udergo various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the symbiotic bacterial endophytes that inhabit them provide protection. Here, we isolated bacterial endophytes from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. and studied their antagonistic activity against major pathogens such as Phytophthora meadii, Corynespora cassiicola and Corticium salmonicolar. The antifungal metabolites such as HCN, siderophores and salicylic acid were produced by the antagonistic endophytes under in vitro conditions. Bioassay showed the growth promotion by a consortium of selected antagonistic endophytes in H. brasiliensis seedlings. The photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings increased after endophyte inoculation. Endophyte-treated plants showed accumulation of starch granules in root tissues. The selected antagonistic isolates belong to Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The study revealed the biocontrol and growth promoting potential of bacterial endophytes from H. brasiliensis.
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9.
  • Nickel, David, 1990 (författare)
  • Process development for platform chemical production from agricultural and forestry residues
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • As part of a bio-based economy, biorefineries are envisaged to sustainably produce platform chemicals via biochemical conversion of agricultural and forestry residues. However, supply risks, the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, and inhibitor formation during pre­treatment impair the economic feasibility of such biorefineries. In this thesis, process design and assessment were developed with the aim of addressing these hurdles and improving the cost-effectiveness of lignocellulose-derived platform chemicals. To expand the feedstock base and reduce operational costs, logging residues served as underutilised and inexpensive raw material. The major impediment in converting logging residues was their high recalcitrance and low cellulose content, which resulted in low attainable ethanol titres during simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF). Pretreatment optimisation reduced inhibitor formation and recalcitrance, and led to enzymatic hydrolysis yields at par with those obtained for stem wood, despite the less favourable chemical composition. Upgrading logging residues with carbohydrate-rich oat hulls increased ethanol titres to >50 g/L using batch SSCF at 20% WIS loadings, demonstrating the potential to further decrease downstream processing costs. To alleviate the toxicity of inhibitors generated during pretreatment, preadaptation was applied to Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Exposure to the inhibitors in the pretreated liquid fraction improved ethanol production during subsequent fermentation. Transferring the concept of preadaptation to lactic acid production by Bacillus coagulans cut the process times by half and more than doubled the average specific lactic acid productivity, showcasing how preadaptation could decrease operational costs. To assess the performance and robustness of process designs against process input variations, a multi-scale variability analysis framework was developed. The framework included models for bioprocess, flowsheet, techno-economic, and life cycle assessment. In a case study, multi-feed processes, in which solids and cells are fed to the process using model-based predictions, were more robust against variable cellulolytic activities than batch SSCFs in a wheat straw-based ethanol biorefinery. The developed framework can be used to identify robust biorefinery process designs, which simultaneously meet technological, economic, and environmental goals.
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10.
  • Trigo, João Pedro, 1995, et al. (författare)
  • Mild blanching prior to pH-shift processing of Saccharina latissima retains protein extraction yields and amino acid levels of extracts while minimizing iodine content
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 404
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The seaweed Saccharina latissima is often blanched to lower iodine levels, however, it is not known how blanching affects protein extraction. We assessed the effect of blanching or soaking (80/45/12 °C, 2 min) on protein yield and protein extract characteristics after pH-shift processing of S. latissima. Average protein yields and extract amino acid levels ranked treatments as follows: blanching-45 °C ∼ control > soaking ∼ blanching-80 °C. Although blanching-45 °C decreased protein solubilization yield at pH 12, it increased isoelectric protein precipitation yield at pH 2 (p < 0.05). The former could be explained by a higher ratio of large peptides/proteins in the blanched biomass as shown by HP-SEC, whereas the latter by blanching-induced lowering of ionic strength, as verified by a dialysis model. Moreover, blanching-45 °C yielded a protein extract with 49 % less iodine compared with the control extract. We recommend blanching-45 °C since it is effective at removing iodine and does not compromise total protein extraction yield.
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11.
  • Xia, Yihan, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Green Chemistry Production of Codlemone, the Sex Pheromone of the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella), by Metabolic Engineering of the Oilseed Crop Camelina (Camelina sativa)
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1561 .- 0098-0331. ; 47:12, s. 950-967
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Synthetic pheromones have been used for pest control over several decades. The conventional synthesis of di-unsaturated pheromone compounds is usually complex and costly. Camelina (Camelina sativa) has emerged as an ideal, non-food biotech oilseed platform for production of oils with modified fatty acid compositions. We used Camelina as a plant factory to produce mono- and di-unsaturated C12 chain length moth sex pheromone precursors, (E)-9-dodecenoic acid and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienoic acid, by introducing a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase FatB gene UcTE from California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) and a bifunctional ∆9 desaturase gene Cpo_CPRQ from the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Different transgene combinations were investigated for increasing pheromone precursor yield. The most productive Camelina line was engineered with a vector that contained one copy of UcTE and the viral suppressor protein encoding P19 transgenes and three copies of Cpo_CPRQ transgene. The T2 generation of this line produced 9.4% of (E)-9-dodecenoic acid and 5.5% of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienoic acid of the total fatty acids, and seeds were selected to advance top-performing lines to homozygosity. In the T4 generation, production levels of (E)-9-dodecenoic acid and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienoic acid remained stable. The diene acid together with other seed fatty acids were converted into corresponding alcohols, and the bioactivity of the plant-derived codlemone was confirmed by GC-EAD and a flight tunnel assay. Trapping in orchards and home gardens confirmed significant and specific attraction of C. pomonella males to the plant-derived codlemone.
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12.
  • Tartik, Musa, et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing yeast for high-level production of kaempferol and quercetin
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Microbial Cell Factories. - 1475-2859. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Two important flavonoids, kaempferol and quercetin possess remarkably potent biological impacts on human health. However, their structural complexity and low abundance in nature make both bulk chemical synthesis and extraction from native plants difficult. Therefore microbial production via heterologous expression of plant enzymes can be a safe and sustainable route for their production. Despite several attempts reported in microbial hosts, the production levels of kaempferol and quercetin still stay far behind compared to many other microbial-produced flavonoids. RESULTS: In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for high production of kaempferol and quercetin in minimal media from glucose. First, the kaempferol biosynthetic pathway was reconstructed via screening various F3H and FLS enzymes. In addition, we demonstrated that amplification of the rate-limiting enzyme AtFLS could reduce the dihydrokaempferol accumulation and improve kaempferol production. Increasing the availability of precursor malonyl-CoA further improved the production of kaempferol and quercetin. Furthermore, the highest amount of 956 mg L- 1 of kaempferol and 930 mg L- 1 of quercetin in yeast was reached in fed-batch fermentations. CONCLUSIONS: De novo biosynthesis of kaempferol and quercetin in yeast was improved through increasing the upstream naringenin biosynthesis and debugging the flux-limiting enzymes together with fed-batch fermentations, up to gram per liter level. Our work provides a promising platform for sustainable and scalable production of kaempferol, quercetin and compounds derived thereof.
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13.
  • Guo, Ying, et al. (författare)
  • Whole-genome selective sweep analyses identifies the region and candidate gene associated with white earlobe color in Mediterranean chickens
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Poultry Science. - : Elsevier. - 0032-5791 .- 1525-3171. ; 103:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We compared the genomes of multiple domestic chicken breeds with red and white earlobes to identify the differentiated regions between groups of breeds differing in earlobe color. This was done using a selective sweep mapping approach based on whole-genome sequence data. The most significant selective sweep was identified on chromosome 11, where the white earlobe chicken breeds originated from Mediterranean share a common haplotype, and where multiple candidate genes are located. The most plausible functional candidate gene is the Melanocor-tin 1 Receptor (MC1R), a receptor known to regulate pigmentation in the skin and hair, and it is also the gene with the strongest positional support from the haplotype-based analyses. It, however, still needs to be explored experimentally to identify effects also on chicken earlobe color variation. Our study is the first exploration of the genetic basis of white earlobe color in Mediterranean chickens using a selective sweep mapping method based on whole-genome sequencing data and shows its value for identifying likely func-tional genes mediating the pigmentation in earlobe. It also indicates a potential novel role of MC1R in birds and exemplifies how selection on fancy traits has influenced the genome during formation of the modern chicken breeds.
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14.
  • Carlsson, Magnus (författare)
  • Production of human heme-binding proteins in plants for potential pharmaceutical and nutritional uses
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Plants have a long history as a source of nutrition and medication. In the last few decades, interest has also emerged in using plants as a production system for protein pharmaceuticals, in part due to possible scale-up- and safety-benefits with this method of production. One class of protein pharmaceuticals for which the use of a plant production system might be particularly interesting is hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC’s), a type of pharmaceutical intended to function as an alternative to donated blood in clinical situations. HBOC’s face many safety and production challenges, that have so far prevented widespread use, and production in plants could perhaps help towards solving these problems. In this thesis, we aimed to express and characterize proteins of interest with the goal of using them in oxygen therapeutics, using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The expressed recombinant proteins were based on human myoglobin (Mb), fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and α1-microglobulin (A1M). The proteins were successfully expressed in tobacco leaves and the purified proteins displayed their respective functional activity. The plant expression system thus showed its efficacy, and was capable of supplying the critical heme for Mb and Hb production, something that may also have implications for using plants as a source of nutritional iron. While more work is needed, the results help to show the feasibility of using heme-binding proteins produced in plants for pharmaceutical uses, something that was also underlined by animal- and cell-tests.
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15.
  • Demski, Kamil, et al. (författare)
  • Manufacturing specialized wax esters in plants
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Metabolic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-7176 .- 1096-7184. ; 72, s. 391-402
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biologically produced wax esters can fulfil different industrial purposes. These functionalities almost drove the sperm whale to extinction from hunting. After the ban on hunting, there is a niche in the global market for biolubricants with properties similar to spermaceti. Wax esters can also serve as a mechanism for producing insect sex pheromone fatty alcohols. Pheromone-based mating disruption strategies are in high demand to replace the toxic pesticides in agriculture and manage insect plagues threatening our food and fiber reserves. In this study we set out to investigate the possibilities of in planta assembly of wax esters, for specific applications, through transient expression of various mix-and-match combinations of genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our synthetic biology designs were outlined in order to pivot plant lipid metabolism into producing wax esters with targeted fatty acyl and fatty alcohols moieties. Through this approach we managed to obtain industrially important spermaceti-like wax esters enriched in medium-chain fatty acyl and/or fatty alcohol moieties of wax esters. Via employment of plant codon-optimized moth acyl-CoA desaturases we also managed to capture unusual, unsaturated fatty alcohol and fatty acyl moieties, structurally similar to moth pheromone compounds, in plant-accumulated wax esters. Comparison between outcomes of different experimental designs identified targets for stable transformation to accumulate specialized wax esters and helped us to recognize possible bottlenecks of such accumulation.
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16.
  • Krska, Daniel, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of a thermostable multi-domain xylanase-glucuronoyl esterase enzyme from Caldicellulosiruptor kristjanssonii incorporating multiple carbohydrate-binding modules
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834 .- 1754-6834. ; 13:1, s. 1-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass has become a major bottleneck in industrial processes which attempt to use biomass as a carbon source for the production of biofuels and materials. To make the most effective use of the source material, both the hemicellulosic as well as cellulosic parts of the biomass should be targeted, and as such both hemicellulases and cellulases are important enzymes in biorefinery processes. Using thermostable versions of these enzymes can also prove beneficial in biomass degradation, as they can be expected to act faster than mesophilic enzymes and the process can also be improved by lower viscosities at higher temperatures, as well as prevent the introduction of microbial contamination. Results This study presents the investigation of the thermostable, dual-function xylanase-glucuronoyl esterase enzyme  Ck Xyn10C-GE15A from the hyperthermophilic bacterium  Caldicellulosiruptor kristjanssonii . Biochemical characterization of the enzyme was performed, including assays for establishing the melting points for the different protein domains, activity assays for the two catalytic domains, as well as binding assays for the multiple carbohydrate-binding domains present in  Ck Xyn10C-GE15A. Although the enzyme domains are naturally linked together, when added separately to biomass, the expected boosting of the xylanase action was not seen. This lack of intramolecular synergy might suggest, together with previous data, that increased xylose release is not the main beneficial trait given by glucuronoyl esterases. Conclusions Due to its thermostability,  Ck Xyn10C-GE15A is a promising candidate for industrial processes, with both catalytic domains exhibiting melting temperatures over 70 °C. Of particular interest is the glucuronoyl esterase domain, as it represents the first studied thermostable enzyme displaying this activity.
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17.
  • Mishra, Laxmi S., 1983- (författare)
  • FtsH metalloproteases and their pseudo-proteases in the chloroplast envelope of Arabidopsis thaliana
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • By cleaving peptide bonds, proteases either activate or degrade proteins and maintain protein quality control in response to various developmental stimuli and environmental factors. My work has focused on elucidating the role of the filamentation temperature sensitive protein H (FtsH) proteases. FtsHs belong to a membrane-embedded class of proteases found in eubacteria, animals and plants, which are located in the organelles of endosymbiosis (mitochondria and chloroplasts). They possess an AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) and a peptidase M41 domain containing the HEXXH consensus sequence in the Zn2+ metalloprotease domain. FtsH proteases are known to form ring-like homo- or hetero-hexameric complexes. Arabidopsis thaliana, the model plant used in this study, contains seventeen AtFtsH proteases, of which twelve are presumably proteolytically active and five presumably proteolytic inactive members, known as AtFtsHi (i for inactive). In AtFtsHi members, the HEXXH motif is either deleted (AtFtsHi3) or mutated (AtFtsHi1, 2, 4, 5). Twelve AtFtsHs (AtFtsH 1, 2, 5–9, 11, 12 and AtFtsHi 1-5) are targeted to the chloroplast, whereas the remaining three (AtFtsH 3, 4 and 10) are mitochondrial. In Paper I, we demonstrate that AtFtsH12 interacts with AtFtsHi1, 2, 4, 5 to form a heteromeric complex. Abundance of these AtFtsH12-AtFtsHi complexes alters the accumulation of TIC (translocon on the inner chloroplast membrane) complexes. Transgenic mi12 (miRNA) knockdown plants that express lower amounts of AtFtsH12 displayed a pale-seedling and an aberrant chloroplast phenotype. mi12 plants displayed lowered total chlorophyll (Chla+Chlb) amount compared to wild type (WT), complementation lines and native AtFtsH12 promoter overexpressor (ox12) lines. Our biochemical studies identified drastic modifications in the total proteome of mi12 seedlings. N-terminome analyses of mi12 seedlings showed undisturbed plastidic protein maturation. In Paper II, we have shown that single mutants depleted in AtFTSHI1, 2, 4 or 5 are embryo-lethal, suggesting the pseudo-proteases to have an indispensable role in seed germination. This study further identified “weak” Atftshi1, Atftshi4, Atftshi3-1(kd) and Atftshi3-2 homozygous mutants, which develop into plants with altered photosynthetic efficiency. Field experiments were performed to determine the Darwinian fitness of these homozygous as well as heterozygous AtFtsHi mutants. The results suggested AtFtsHi enzymes to be critical during early developmental stages. A complete Atftshi3 knockdown mutant (Atftshi3-1(kd)) was identified (described in Paper III), which is not embryo-lethal and tolerates drought better than WT plants. Atftshi3-1(kd) leaves were smaller with fewer and smaller stomatal aperture. Above ground, Atftshi3-1(kd) leaves displayed lowered stomatal conductance and increased WUEi (intrinsic water-use efficiency), while below ground, the root-associated bacterial community showed a typical drought stress response. Upregulated transcripts of the ABA-responsive genes in leaves of Atftshi3-1(kd) compared to WT indicate the drought tolerance to be controlled independently of ABA. To conclude, AtFtsHi pseudo-proteases affect various stages of plant development and abiotic stress management, especially drought.
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18.
  • Bi, Huijuan, et al. (författare)
  • A frame-shift mutation in COMTD1 is associated with impaired pheomelanin pigmentation in chicken
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 19:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The biochemical pathway regulating the synthesis of yellow/red pheomelanin is less well characterized than the synthesis of black/brown eumelanin. Inhibitor of gold (IG phenotype) is a plumage colour variant in chicken that provides an opportunity to further explore this pathway since the recessive allele (IG) at this locus is associated with a defect in the production of pheomelanin. IG/IG homozygotes display a marked dilution of red pheomelanin pigmentation, whilst black pigmentation (eumelanin) is only slightly affected. Here we show that a 2-base pair insertion (frame-shift mutation) in the 5th exon of the Catechol-O-methyltransferase containing domain 1 gene (COMTD1), expected to cause a complete or partial loss-of-function of the COMTD1 enzyme, shows complete concordance with the IG phenotype within and across breeds. We show that the COMTD1 protein is localized to mitochondria in pigment cells. Knockout of Comtd1 in a mouse melanocytic cell line results in a reduction in pheomelanin metabolites and significant alterations in metabolites of glutamate/glutathione, riboflavin, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, COMTD1 overexpression enhanced cellular proliferation following chemical-induced transfection, a potential inducer of oxidative stress. These observations suggest that COMTD1 plays a protective role for melanocytes against oxidative stress and that this supports their ability to produce pheomelanin.
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19.
  • Wang, Eu Sheng, et al. (författare)
  • Tissue Culture and Refreshment Techniques for Improvement of Transformation in Local Tetraploid and Diploid Potato with Late Blight Resistance as an Example
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Plants. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is among the best producers of edible biomass in terms of yield per hectare and a variety of different regional cultivars are used as a staple commodity in many countries. However, this crop is attacked by several diseases, with the worst being the late blight disease caused byPhytophthora infestans. Stacking of resistance (R) genes from wildSolanumrelatives are interesting prospects for the sustainable control of late blight. Therefore, we optimized methods for the efficient generation and screening of R-gene-containing transformants in tetraploid and diploid hybrid potato genotypes. Using these methods, a high transformation efficiency was achieved for the transformation of tetraploid and diploid potato lines with a triple resistance (3R) gene construct. Transformation efficiencies were improved by optimizing several factors affecting regeneration, including the quality of the starting plant material, and the composition of the plant growth regulators used during selective regeneration. A refreshment protocol was designed to alleviate in vitro related stress in stock plants, which significantly improved the growth vigor and resulted in a 4- to 10-fold increase in transformation efficiency. Furthermore, long-term exposure to exogenous Indole-3-butyric acid that is usually used for the initiation of roots in vitro, was found to cause aberrant morphological phenotypes in potato.
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20.
  • Björdal, Charlotte, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Bacterial degradation of nine wooden foundation piles from Gothenburg historic city center and correlation to wood quality, environment, and time in service
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-8305. ; 164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nine wooden foundation piles of spruce and pine supporting historic buildings in the old town of Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined for fungal and bacterial degradation. The aim was to assess the type and degree of decay of the pile heads and correlate variations to the local environment, time in service and the wood quality. Soil and water samples were measured in the field for basic hydrogeological analyses, and pH, redox, O2 and groundwater level. The piles showed strong similarities in decay. Detailed light microscopy examination revealed that solely erosion bacteria caused degradation; both in outermost soft layers of the sapwood and further inwards. Most severe decay was present in the outermost layers, 1-3 cm, thereafter decay generally decreased and stopped at varying depths. Most piles had sound interior wood tissue, but a few were superficially to moderately degraded throughout. Some piles showed pronounced variation in degree of decay at the north respectively south side of the stem. This might be related to local water flow directions in the soil. In two piles, minor decay by white rot and soft rot were observed. Soft rot attacks were concluded to be of older date, most likely related to the time of construction, whereas white rot either infected the wood during an aerobic period; e.g. extreme drainage of unknown date, or alternatively the attack developed already in the living tree before felling. Despite that all pile heads (except one) were exposed below groundwater level and mainly in compact clay soil with low redox values, it was not possible to correlate any specific environmental parameter from soil and pore water analyses to the observed decay rates. Diameter of the pile and time in ground were the only two factors clearly correlated to the long-term performance of the piles in this specific urban environment.
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21.
  • Sigmund, G., et al. (författare)
  • Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 29:12, s. 3240-3255
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary-scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these "triple crises" are deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution as a global change factor contributing to worldwide biodiversity loss has received much less attention in biodiversity research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment are posing a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, failure to account for pollution effects may significantly undermine the success of biodiversity protection efforts. We argue that progress in understanding and counteracting the negative impact of chemical pollution on biodiversity requires collective efforts of scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited to ecology, ecotoxicology, and environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments in these fields have now enabled comprehensive studies that could efficiently address the manifold interactions between chemicals and ecosystems. Based on their experience with intricate studies of biodiversity, ecologists are well equipped to embrace the additional challenge of chemical complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers a unique opportunity to jointly advance a seminal frontier in pollution ecology and facilitate the development of innovative solutions for environmental protection.
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22.
  • Kianersi, Farzad, et al. (författare)
  • Biosynthesis of rutin changes in Capparis spinosa due to altered expression of its pathway genes under elicitors' supplementation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture. - : Springer Nature. - 0167-6857 .- 1573-5044. ; 141:3, s. 619-631
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Caper plant is (Capparis spinosa L.) a good source of rutin which plays a key role in the human diet. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the weight of anther-derived calli and their rutin contents were assessed in caper plants. Also, we investigated the rutin content and expression pattern of some rutin related genes in leaves of caper plants at vegetative and fresh fruiting growth stages under SA and MeJA treatments. In the first experiment, the highest rutin contents were observed in anther-derived calli treated with 10 mu M MeJA and 100 mg L-1 SA after 2 weeks from initial treatments, which were 2.44 and 2.22-fold higher than control. Also, the treatment of caper plants with150 mu M MeJA and 100 mg L-1 SA resulted in a higher increase in the rutin content of leaves at the fresh fruiting stage (61.46 and 9.99 mg g(-1) DW, respectively), in the second experiment. Among the studied genes, the FLS gene showed the highest expression in the leaves of the MeJA- and SA-treated plants at vegetative growth stage, while in the fresh fruiting stage the highest expression was related to the RT gene. Use of 150 mu M MeJA and 100 mg L-1 SA enhanced the expression levels of the RT gene up to 7.36 and 2.89 times of the control, respectively. These results suggest that rutin content and the expression patterns of rutin biosynthesis genes in caper can be significantly enhanced by the SA and MeJA treatments in a growth stage-dependent manner. Key message Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid treatments enhance the rutin contents of Capparis spinosa in vitro and in vivo and up-regulate the rutin biosynthetic related genes at two different growth stages.
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23.
  • Nilsson, Anders K., 1982, et al. (författare)
  • PSB33 protein sustains photosystem II in plant chloroplasts under UV-A light
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Botany. - OXFORD ENGLAND : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 71:22, s. 7210-7223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plants can quickly and dynamically respond to spectral and intensity variations of the incident light. These responses include activation of developmental processes, morphological changes, and photosynthetic acclimation that ensure optimal energy conversion and minimal photoinhibition. Plant adaptation and acclimation to environmental changes have been extensively studied, but many details surrounding these processes remain elusive. The photosystem II (PSII)-associated protein PSB33 plays a fundamental role in sustaining PSII as well as in the regulation of the light antenna in fluctuating light. We investigated how PSB33 knock-out Arabidopsis plants perform under different light qualities. psb33 plants displayed a reduction of 88% of total fresh weight compared to wild type plants when cultivated at the boundary of UV-A and blue light. The sensitivity towards UV-A light was associated with a lower abundance of PSII proteins, which reduces psb33 plants' capacity for photosynthesis. The UV-A phenotype was found to be linked to altered phytohormone status and changed thylakoid ultrastructure. Our results collectively show that PSB33 is involved in a UV-A light-mediated mechanism to maintain a functional PSII pool in the chloroplast.
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24.
  • Stevens, Bo Maxwell, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of biased language in peer-reviewed scientific literature on genetically modified crops
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9318 .- 1748-9326. ; 16:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Social, political, and economic forces may inadvertently influence the stance of scientific literature. Scientists strive for neutral language, but this may be challenging for controversial topics like genetically modified (GM) crops. We classified peer-reviewed journal articles and found that 40% had a positive or negative stance towards GM crops. Proportion of positive and negative stance varied with publication date, authors' country of origin, funding source, and type of genetic modification. Articles with a negative stance were more common at the beginning of the millennium. Authors from China had the highest positive:negative ratio (8:1), followed by authors from the USA (12:5) and the EU (5:7). Positive stance articles were six times more likely to be funded by private sources compared to those with a neutral or negative stance. Articles about glyphosate were more likely to be negative compared to articles about Bacillus thuringiensis. Linguistic features of articles with positive and negative stances were used to train a random forest classifier that predicts stance significantly better than random chance. This suggests the possibility of an automated tool to screen manuscripts for unintended biased language prior to publication.
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25.
  • Xia, Yihan, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Release of moth pheromone compounds from Nicotiana benthamiana upon transient expression of heterologous biosynthetic genes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Using genetically modified plants as natural dispensers of insect pheromones may eventually become part of a novel strategy for integrated pest management. Results: In the present study, we first characterized essential functional genes for sex pheromone biosynthesis in the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, including two desaturase genes CsupYPAQ and CsupKPSE and a reductase gene CsupFAR2. Subsequently, we co-expressed CsupYPAQ and CsupFAR2 together with the previously characterized moth desaturase Atr∆11 in N. benthamiana. This resulted in the production of (Z)-11-hexadecenol together with (Z)-11-hexadecenal, the major pheromone component of C. suppressalis. Both compounds were collected from the transformed N. benthamiana headspace volatiles using solid-phase microextraction. We finally added the expression of a yeast acetyltransferase gene ATF1 and could then confirm also (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate release from the plant. Conclusions: Our results pave the way for stable transformation of plants to be used as biological pheromone sources in different pest control strategies.
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26.
  • Almeida, Pedro, et al. (författare)
  • Genome assembly of the basket willow, Salix viminalis, reveals earliest stages of sex chromosome expansion
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundSex chromosomes have evolved independently multiple times in eukaryotes and are therefore considered a prime example of convergent genome evolution. Sex chromosomes are known to emerge after recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes, and this leads to a range of non-adaptive modifications causing gradual degeneration and gene loss on the sex-limited chromosome. However, the proximal causes of recombination suppression and the pace at which degeneration subsequently occurs remain unclear.ResultsHere, we use long- and short-read single-molecule sequencing approaches to assemble and annotate a draft genome of the basket willow, Salix viminalis, a species with a female heterogametic system at the earliest stages of sex chromosome emergence. Our single-molecule approach allowed us to phase the emerging Z and W haplotypes in a female, and we detected very low levels of Z/W single-nucleotide divergence in the non-recombining region. Linked-read sequencing of the same female and an additional male (ZZ) revealed the presence of two evolutionary strata supported by both divergence between the Z and W haplotypes and by haplotype phylogenetic trees. Gene order is still largely conserved between the Z and W homologs, although the W-linked region contains genes involved in cytokinin signaling regulation that are not syntenic with the Z homolog. Furthermore, we find no support across multiple lines of evidence for inversions, which have long been assumed to halt recombination between the sex chromosomes.ConclusionsOur data suggest that selection against recombination is a more gradual process at the earliest stages of sex chromosome formation than would be expected from an inversion and may result instead from the accumulation of transposable elements. Our results present a cohesive understanding of the earliest genomic consequences of recombination suppression as well as valuable insights into the initial stages of sex chromosome formation and regulation of sex differentiation.
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27.
  • Gardner, Eugene J., et al. (författare)
  • Reduced reproductive success is associated with selective constraint on human genes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 603:7903, s. 858-863
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide sequencing of human populations has revealed substantial variation among genes in the intensity of purifying selection acting on damaging genetic variants1. Although genes under the strongest selective constraint are highly enriched for associations with Mendelian disorders, most of these genes are not associated with disease and therefore the nature of the selection acting on them is not known2. Here we show that genetic variants that damage these genes are associated with markedly reduced reproductive success, primarily owing to increased childlessness, with a stronger effect in males than in females. We present evidence that increased childlessness is probably mediated by genetically associated cognitive and behavioural traits, which may mean that male carriers are less likely to find reproductive partners. This reduction in reproductive success may account for 20% of purifying selection against heterozygous variants that ablate protein-coding genes. Although this genetic association may only account for a very minor fraction of the overall likelihood of being childless (less than 1%), especially when compared to more influential sociodemographic factors, it may influence how genes evolve over time.
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28.
  • Steinhagen, Sophie, et al. (författare)
  • Closed life-cycle aquaculture of sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata): performance and biochemical profile differ in early developmental stages
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sea lettuce (Ulva) aquaculture has increased the last decade due to high productivity, wide environmental tolerance, and interesting functional and nutritional properties of the crop. Research focus has mainly been on adult biomass production, but knowledge of performance and biochemical content of early developmental stages – which are the basis to any large-scale production - is still limited. The life-history of Ulva alternates between a diploid sporophytic life-stage and a haplontic gametophytic life-stage. Whereas the sporophyte gives raise to recombinant gametophytes through zoids, gametophytes can give raise to parthenogenetically developing, clonal gametes in absence of a mating partner. This study shows that recombinant gametophytes have a faster ontogenetic development, higher growth rate, as well as higher protein, fatty acid, and pigment contents compared to clonal gametophytes of the crop Ulva fenestrata. Nutrient addition is required for a normal development, but temperature and swarmer density have relatively small effects on the hatchery success, relative growth rate and biochemical profile of the juvenile biomass. Our study reveals that the selection of the life-history-phase in novel sea lettuce crop strains could largely contribute to the emerging seaweed aquaculture sector.
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29.
  • Forghani Targhi, Bita, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Protein and Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Recovered from Herring Brines upon Flocculation and Flotation─A Case Study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society. - 2168-0485. ; 11:17, s. 6523-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel integrated process for recovery of protein-enriched biomasses from 5% presalting brines and spice brines of herring (Clupea harengus) was investigated by combining carrageenan- and/or acid-driven flocculation (F) plus dissolved air flotation (DAF). The F-DAF technique with carrageenan resulted in protein and lipid recoveries from 5% presalting brine of 78 and 38%, respectively. Without flocculation or with only acidification, protein and lipid recoveries in DAF were only 13 and 10%, respectively. Low protein and lipid recoveries, 8-12 and 1.8-8.2%, respectively, were also obtained when spice brine was subjected to only acidification and DAF. The protein content in dry biomasses from 5% presalting brine and spice brine was 36-43 and 13-16%, respectively. The corresponding lipid levels were 23-31 and 9-18%, respectively, with ash levels of 11-20 and 38-45%, respectively. Biomass proteins contained ≤45% essential amino acids, and the lipids had ≤16% long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Freeze-dried spice brine biomasses were characterized by anchovy- and spice-related sensory attributes. 5% presalting brine biomasses were connected to fish and seafood attributes and showed gel forming capacity. The outlined F-DAF recovery system can thus recover both nutrients and interesting flavors from the herring process waters, which are currently lost from the food chain. © 2023 The Authors.
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30.
  • Liu, Chen, et al. (författare)
  • SEC14-like condensate phase transitions at plasma membranes regulate root growth in Arabidopsis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 21:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Protein function can be modulated by phase transitions in their material properties, which can range from liquid- to solid-like; yet, the mechanisms that drive these transitions and whether they are important for physiology are still unknown. In the model plant Arabidopsis, we show that developmental robustness is reinforced by phase transitions of the plasma membrane-bound lipid-binding protein SEC14-like. Using imaging, genetics, and in vitro reconstitution experiments, we show that SEC14-like undergoes liquid-like phase separation in the root stem cells. Outside the stem cell niche, SEC14-like associates with the caspase-like protease separase and conserved microtubule motors at unique polar plasma membrane interfaces. In these interfaces, SEC14-like undergoes processing by separase, which promotes its liquid-to-solid transition. This transition is important for root development, as lines expressing an uncleavable SEC14-like variant or mutants of separase and associated microtubule motors show similar developmental phenotypes. Furthermore, the processed and solidified but not the liquid form of SEC14-like interacts with and regulates the polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PINFORMED2. This work demonstrates that robust development can involve liquid-to-solid transitions mediated by proteolysis at unique plasma membrane interfaces.
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31.
  • Marine Bioprospecting, Biodiversity and Novel Uses of Ocean Resources : New Approaches in International Law
  • 2024
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human use of marine resources is changing, as is the marine environment itself, and our understanding of marine ecosystems and biodiversity is developing. This open access book explores the challenges this raises for legal regimes pertaining to the oceans and their domestic implementation. It engages with developments in areas such as bioprospecting, fisheries, deep-sea mining and shipping.Several case studies discuss genetic resources and the implications of the new UN Agreement on marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. A team of experts suggest new approaches to questions of interpretation, established management principles, and institutional relationships. Not limiting their scope to the international law of the sea, they also examine international environmental law, intellectual property rights, and domestic law.The book broadens the scholarly debate and provides a timely reflection on the dramatic policy developments currently happening in the field of marine resource governance. It will be welcomed by lawyers, NGOs and policymakers.
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32.
  • Leso, Martina (författare)
  • Phytochelatin synthase de-regulation in Marchantia polymorpha indicates cadmium detoxification as its primary ancestral function in land plants and provides a novel visual bioindicator for detection of this metal
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 440
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bryophytes are a large group of plants commonly used as bioindicators of metal and metalloid pollution. However, very little is known about the bryophyte genes responsible for metal(loid) detoxification, a knowledge that could provide novel tools for environmental monitoring applications.By genetic transformation and genome editing, in this study we obtained lines of the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha with de-regulated activity of the phytochelatin synthase (MpPCS) enzyme, responsible for the biosynthesis of metal(loid) chelators phytochelatins (PCn). Lack of PCn causes hypersensitivity to cadmium but has only subtle effects on sensitivity to excess of other highly toxic metals and the metalloid arsenic in M. polymorpha. Besides, our results indicate that MpPCS has a minor role in the maintenance of essential metals like zinc.As liverworts are sister to tracheophytes, these results suggest that the primary ancestral function of PCS genes in the common ancestor of all land plants may have been the detoxification of the non-essential cadmium ion. Hypersensitivity to cadmium further suggests that the Mppcs mutants could become useful bioindicators to specifically detect environmental contaminations of cadmium through direct visual assessment of plant growth and pigmentation.
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33.
  • Shin, Jae Ho, 1987 (författare)
  • Engineering synthetic pathways for adipic acid biosynthesis
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Utilization of petroleum in consumer product manufacturing is causing irreversible environmental damage. Its impact on land, sea, and air calls for the development of more sustainable technologies based on the use of renewable materials such as lignocellulosic biomass and its conversion into platform chemicals. Engineering microorganisms to produce chemicals is an important undertaking to address such issues and bio-based production of adipic acid especially has gained recent attention. In the present thesis I assess the in vivo and in silico action of enzymes involved in microbial production of adipic acid from simple sugar molecules. The aim of this work was to comprehensively map out the metabolic pathways leading to adipic acid biosynthesis and to investigate the enzymatic components of the L-lysine pathway, the reverse β-oxidation pathway, and cis,cis -muconic acid reduction. Investigation of theoretical and in silico aspects in the deamination step in the L-lysine pathway revealed deamination of L-lysine was determined to be chemically difficult to occur. Removal of the β-amino group from β-D-lysine was deemed more feasible than the α-amino group from L-lysine, and an alternative route via β-D-lysine deamination was suggested. Homology modeling and molecular docking studies shed light on the substrate binding mechanisms of enzymes responsible for the reduction of the intermediates in the L-lysine pathway. Potential mechanism and feasibility of α,β-reduction were explained in terms of substrate interaction in the enzyme-binding pockets. Corynebacterium glutamicum was chosen as the host chassis for achieving adipic acid synthesis via reverse β-oxidation. Stepwise construction of a five-step synthetic pathway demonstrated functionality of each step in C. glutamicum. Biosynthesized and secreted 3-hydroxyadipate was detected in the cultivation broth using GC/MS. Weak trans-2-hexenedioic acid and adipic acid signals was observed using LC/MS after concentrating the cultivation broth. Dehydration of 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA was identified as a potential bottleneck hindering this pathway. While implementing the reverse β-oxidation pathway, a new pathway involving cis,cis -muconic acid and 3-oxoadipic acid was observed and experimented on. The modified strategy for bio-conversion of benzoic acid to cis,cis -muconic acid was successful and molecular docking studies were carried out to better understand how oxidoreductases might reduce cis,cis -muconic acid. Taking multiple approaches to generate adipic acid revealed different challenges in each pathway. One approach led to biosynthesis of adipic acid. Further investigation will allow multiple options for bio-based adipic acid production for better sustainability.
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34.
  • Kmezik, Cathleen, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of a novel multidomain CE15-GH8 enzyme encoded by a polysaccharide utilization locus in the human gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bacteroidetes are efficient degraders of complex carbohydrates, much thanks to their use of polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). An integral part of PULs are highly specialized carbohydrate-active enzymes, sometimes composed of multiple linked domains with discrete functions—multicatalytic enzymes. We present the biochemical characterization of a multicatalytic enzyme from a large PUL encoded by the gut bacterium  Bacteroides eggerthii . The enzyme,  Be CE15A-Rex8A, has a rare and novel architecture, with an N-terminal carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) domain and a C-terminal glycoside hydrolase family 8 (GH8) domain. The CE15 domain was identified as a glucuronoyl esterase (GE), though with relatively poor activity on GE model substrates, attributed to key amino acid substitutions in the active site compared to previously studied GEs. The GH8 domain was shown to be a reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase (Rex), based on having activity on xylooligosaccharides but not on longer xylan chains. The full-length  Be CE15A-Rex8A enzyme and the Rex domain were capable of boosting the activity of a commercially available GH11 xylanase on corn cob biomass. Our research adds to the understanding of multicatalytic enzyme architectures and showcases the potential of discovering novel and atypical carbohydrate-active enzymes from mining PULs.
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35.
  • Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Geospatial supply-demand modeling of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and biofuels in the European Union
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 144
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bioenergy can contribute to achieving European Union (EU) climate targets while mitigating impacts from current agricultural land use. A GIS-based modeling framework (1000 m resolution) is employed to match biomass supply (forest and agricultural residues, complemented by lignocellulosic energy crops where needed) with biomass demand for either electricity or bio-oil production on sites currently used for coal power in the EU-28, Norway, and Switzerland. The framework matches supply and demand based on minimizing the field-to-gate costs and is used to provide geographically explicit information on (i) plant-gate supply cost; (ii) CO2 savings; and (iii) potential mitigation opportunities for soil erosion, flooding, and eutrophication resulting from the introduction of energy crops on cropland. Converting all suitable coal power plants to biomass and assuming that biomass is sourced within a transport distance of 300 km, would produce an estimated 150 TW h biomass-derived electricity, using 1365 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 6 Mha. Using all existing coal power sites for bio-oil production in 100-MW pyrolysis units could produce 820 PJ of bio-oil, using 1260 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 1.8 Mha. Using biomass to generate electricity would correspond to an emissions reduction of 135 MtCO2, while using biomass to produce bio-oil to substitute for crude oil would correspond to a reduction of 59 MtCO2. In addition, energy crops can have a positive effect on soil organic carbon in most of the analyzed countries. The mitigation opportunities investigated range from marginal to high depending on location.
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36.
  • Englund, Oskar, et al. (författare)
  • Multifunctional perennial production systems for bioenergy: performance and progress
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. - : Wiley. - 2041-8396 .- 2041-840X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As the global population increases and becomes more affluent, biomass demands for food and biomaterials will increase. Demand growth is further accelerated by the implementation of climate policies and strategies to replace fossil resources with biomass. There are, however, concerns about the size of the prospective biomass demand and the environmental and social consequences of the corresponding resource mobilization, especially concerning impacts from the associated land-use change. Strategically integrating perennials into landscapes dominated by intensive agriculture can, for example, improve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion and nutrient emissions to water, increase soil carbon, enhance pollination, and avoid or mitigate flooding events. Such ?multifunctional perennial production systems? can thus contribute to improving overall land-use sustainability, while maintaining or increasing overall biomass productivity in the landscape. Seven different cases in different world regions are here reviewed to exemplify and evaluate (a) multifunctional production systems that have been established to meet emerging bioenergy demands, and (b) efforts to identify locations where the establishment of perennial crops will be particularly beneficial. An important barrier towards wider implementation of multifunctional systems is the lack of markets, or policies, compensating producers for enhanced ecosystem services and other environmental benefits. This deficiency is particularly important since prices for fossil-based fuels are low relative to bioenergy production costs. Without such compensation, multifunctional perennial production systems will be unlikely to contribute to the development of a sustainable bioeconomy.
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37.
  • Ramirez Camargo, Luis, et al. (författare)
  • Pathway to a land-neutral expansion of Brazilian renewable fuel production
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biofuels are currently the only available bulk renewable fuel. They have, however, limited expansion potential due to high land requirements and associated risks for biodiversity, food security, and land conflicts. We therefore propose to increase output from ethanol refineries in a land-neutral methanol pathway: surplus CO2-streams from fermentation are combined with H2 from renewably powered electrolysis to synthesize methanol. We illustrate this pathway with the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol industry using a spatio-temporal model. The fuel output of existing ethanol generation facilities can be increased by 43%–49% or ~100 TWh without using additional land. This amount is sufficient to cover projected growth in Brazilian biofuel demand in 2030. We identify a trade-off between renewable energy generation technologies: wind power requires the least amount of land whereas a mix of wind and solar costs the least. In the cheapest scenario, green methanol is competitive to fossil methanol at an average carbon price of 95€ tCO2−1.
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38.
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39.
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40.
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41.
  • Fataftah, Nazeer, et al. (författare)
  • GIGANTEA influences leaf senescence in trees in two different ways
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 187:4, s. 2435-2450
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • GIGANTEA (GI) genes have a central role in plant development and influence several processes. Hybrid aspen T89 (Populus tremula x tremuloides) trees with low GI expression engineered through RNAi show severely compromised growth. To study the effect of reduced GI expression on leaf traits with special emphasis on leaf senescence, we grafted GI-RNAi scions onto wild-type rootstocks and successfully restored growth of the scions. The RNAi line had a distorted leaf shape and reduced photosynthesis, probably caused by modulation of phloem or stomatal function, increased starch accumulation, a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and reduced capacity to withstand moderate light stress. GI-RNAi also induced senescence under long day (LD) and moderate light conditions. Furthermore, the GI-RNAi lines were affected in their capacity to respond to “autumn environmental cues” inducing senescence, a type of leaf senescence that has physiological and biochemical characteristics that differ from those of senescence induced directly by stress under LD conditions. Overexpression of GI delayed senescence under simulated autumn conditions. The two different effects on leaf senescence under LD or simulated autumn conditions were not affected by the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T. GI expression regulated leaf senescence locally-the phenotype followed the genotype of the branch, independent of its position on the tree-and trees with modified gene expression were affected in a similar way when grown in the field as under controlled conditions. Taken together, GI plays a central role in sensing environmental changes during autumn and determining the appropriate timing for leaf senescence in Populus.
  •  
42.
  • Jayasree, Kumari, et al. (författare)
  • Sequence analysis of a partial HbSERK gene expressed during somatic embryo initiation in Hevea brasiliensis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Rubber Science. - India : Rubber Research Institute of India. - 2454-4841 .- 2454-485X. ; 34:2, s. 145-154
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase (SERK) genes are known to express during the transition of somatic cells to embryogenic cells, which have the capability to differentiate into somatic embryos at a later stage of development. In the past 20 years, SERK have drawn much research interest due to its crucial role in somatic embryogenesis. The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize HbSERK gene through cDNA cloning and to perform comparative genomic analysis. The partial cDNA sequence of HbSERK was 408 bp in length and comparison with genomic sequence revealed the presence of two exons separated by one intron. In silico analysis of HbSERK predicted a protein of 136 amino acids that revealed high similarity (99%) to amino acid of AtSERK1. Multiple sequence alignment showed that HbSERK possessed partial sequences from the characteristic intracellular kinase domain containing the subdomains from V-X of the SERK family. Molecular phylogeny of HbSERK with SERK from other plant species showed that HbSERK was clustered most closely with AtSERK1 and MtSERK1. 
  •  
43.
  • Kieu Phuong, Nam, et al. (författare)
  • Strategies for Efficient Gene Editing in Protoplasts of Solanum tuberosum Theme: Determining gRNA Efficiency Design by Utilizing Protoplast
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Genome Editing. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3439. ; 3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a highly diverse tetraploid crop. Elite cultivars are extremely heterozygous with a high prevalence of small length polymorphisms (indels) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within and between cultivars, which must be considered in CRISPR/Cas gene editing strategies and designs to obtain successful gene editing. In the present study, in-depth sequencing of the glucan water dikinase (GWD)1 and the downy mildew resistant 6 (DMR6-1) genes in the potato cultivars Saturna and Wotan, respectively, revealed both indels and a 1.3–2.8 higher SNP prevalence when compared to the heterozygous diploid RH genome sequence as expected for a tetraploid compared to a diploid. This complicates guide RNA (gRNA) and diagnostic PCR designs. High editing efficiencies at the cell pool (protoplast) level are pivotal for achieving full allelic knock-out in tetraploids and for reducing the downstream cumbersome and delicate ex-plant regeneration. Here, CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP) were delivered transiently to protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated transformation. For each of GWD1 and DMR6-1, 6–10 gRNAs were designed to target regions comprising the 5′ and the 3′ end of the two genes. Similar to other studies including several organisms, editing efficiency of the individual RNPs/gRNAs varied significantly, and some generated specific indel patterns. While RNPs targeting the 5′ end of GWD1 yielded significantly higher editing when compared to targeting the 3′ end, editing efficiencies in the 5′ and 3′ end of DMR6-1 appeared to be somewhat similar. Simultaneous targeting of either the 5′ or the 3′ end with two RNPs (multiplexing) yielded a clear positive synergistic effect on the total editing when targeting the 3′ end of the GWD1 gene only. Multiplexing of the two genes, residing on different chromosomes, yielded no or slightly negative effects on the individual RNP/gRNA editing efficiencies when compared to editing efficiencies obtained in the single RNP/gRNA transformations. These initial findings may instigate larger studies needed for facilitating and optimizing precision breeding in plants.
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44.
  • Kreisz, Philipp, et al. (författare)
  • S1 basic leucine zipper transcription factors shape plant architecture by controlling C/N partitioning to apical and lateral organs
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 121:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plants tightly control growth of their lateral organs, which led to the concept of apical dominance. However, outgrowth of the dormant lateral primordia is sensitive to the plant's nutritional status, resulting in an immense plasticity in plant architecture. While the impact of hormonal regulation on apical dominance is well characterized, the prime importance of sugar signaling to unleash lateral organ formation has just recently emerged. Here, we aimed to identify transcriptional regulators, which control the trade-off between growth of apical versus lateral organs. Making use of locally inducible gain-of-function as well as single and higher-order loss-of-function approaches of the sugar-responsive S1-basic-leucine-zipper (S1-bZIP) transcription factors, we disclosed their largely redundant function in establishing apical growth dominance. Consistently, comprehensive phenotypical and analytical studies of S1-bZIP mutants show a clear shift of sugar and organic nitrogen (N) allocation from apical to lateral organs, coinciding with strong lateral organ outgrowth. Tissue-specific transcriptomics reveal specific clade III SWEET sugar transporters, crucial for long-distance sugar transport to apical sinks and the glutaminase GLUTAMINE AMIDO-TRANSFERASE 1_2.1, involved in N homeostasis, as direct S1-bZIP targets, linking the architectural and metabolic mutant phenotypes to downstream gene regulation. Based on these results, we propose that S1-bZIPs control carbohydrate (C) partitioning from source leaves to apical organs and tune systemic N supply to restrict lateral organ formation by C/N depletion. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms controlling plant C/N partitioning is of pivotal importance for breeding strategies to generate plants with desired architectural and nutritional characteristics.
  •  
45.
  • Lethin, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • Development and characterization of an EMS-mutagenized wheat population and identification of salt-tolerant wheat lines
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Bmc Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Triticum aestivum (wheat) is one of the world's oldest crops and has been used for >8000 years as a food crop in North Africa, West Asia and Europe. Today, wheat is one of the most important sources of grain for humans, and is cultivated on greater areas of land than any other crop. As the human population increases and soil salinity becomes more prevalent, there is increased pressure on wheat breeders to develop salt-tolerant varieties in order to meet growing demands for yield and grain quality. Here we developed a mutant wheat population using the moderately salt-tolerant Bangladeshi variety BARI Gom-25, with the primary goal of further increasing salt tolerance. Results After titrating the optimal ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) concentration, ca 30,000 seeds were treated with 1% EMS, and 1676 lines, all originating from single seeds, survived through the first four generations. Most mutagenized lines showed a similar phenotype to BARI Gom-25, although visual differences such as dwarfing, giant plants, early and late flowering and altered leaf morphology were seen in some lines. By developing an assay for salt tolerance, and by screening the mutagenized population, we identified 70 lines exhibiting increased salt tolerance. The selected lines typically showed a 70% germination rate on filter paper soaked in 200 mM NaCl, compared to 0-30% for BARI Gom-25. From two of the salt-tolerant OlsAro lines (OA42 and OA70), genomic DNA was sequenced to 15x times coverage. A comparative analysis against the BARI Gom-25 genomic sequence identified a total of 683,201 (OA42), and 768,954 (OA70) SNPs distributed throughout the three sub-genomes (A, B and D). The mutation frequency was determined to be approximately one per 20,000 bp. All the 70 selected salt-tolerant lines were tested for root growth in the laboratory, and under saline field conditions in Bangladesh. The results showed that all the lines selected for tolerance showed a better salt tolerance phenotype than both BARI Gom-25 and other local wheat varieties tested. Conclusion The mutant wheat population developed here will be a valuable resource in the development of novel salt-tolerant varieties for the benefit of saline farming.
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46.
  • Lindberg, A., et al. (författare)
  • Cold stress stimulates algae to produce value-added compounds
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Bioresource Technology Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2589-014X. ; 19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two cold-tolerant microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp., were grown at 22 and 5 °C. At the lower temperature, the microalgae showed substantial biochemical and morphological changes. The soluble sugar profile in response to low-temperature cultivation was very different in the two strains. C. vulgaris increased both the sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) content at 5 °C while Scenedesmus sp. drastically reduced the sucrose content. Both strains increased the total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content when grown at 5 °C. However, the FAME profiles were very different: C. vulgaris mainly increased C18:1 and less so C18:3, while Scenedesmus sp. decreased C18:1 but greatly increased C18:3. The morphology of C. vulgaris changed slightly at the lower temperature, while Scenedesmus sp. showed substantial changes in the size and shape. Low temperature triggered the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids that are essential for human nutrition.
  •  
47.
  • Löfstedt, Christer, et al. (författare)
  • METHODS OF PRODUCING INSECT PHEROMONES
  • 2021
  • Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The present disclosure relates to methods of producing insect pheromone precursors and genetically modified plants capable of producing insect pheromone precursors. The genetically modified plants include a heterologous gene encoding at least one silencing suppressor protein and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of a fatty acyl desaturase, a fatty acyl elongase, a fatty acyl reductase, and an acyl-CoA oxidase.
  •  
48.
  • Miller, Kirsten, et al. (författare)
  • DNA traces the origin of honey by identifying plants, bacteria and fungi
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The regional origin of a food product commonly afects its value. To this, DNA-based identifcation of tissue remains could ofer fne resolution. For honey, this would allow the usage of not only pollen but all plant tissue, and also that of microbes in the product, for discerning the origin. Here we examined how plant, bacterial and fungal taxa identifed by DNA metabarcoding and metagenomics diferentiate between honey samples from three neighbouring countries. To establish how the taxonomic contents of honey refect the country of origin, we used joint species distribution modelling. At the lowest taxonomic level by metabarcoding, with operational taxonomic units, the country of origin explained the majority of variation in the data (70–79%), with plant and fungal gene regions providing the clearest distinction between countries. At the taxonomic level of genera, plants provided the most separation between countries with both metabarcoding and metagenomics. The DNA-based methods distinguish the countries more than the morphological pollen identifcation and the removal of pollen has only a minor efect on taxonomic recovery by DNA. As we fnd good resolution among honeys from regions with similar biota, DNA-based methods hold great promise for resolving honey origins among more diferent regions.
  •  
49.
  • Oakley, Christopher G., et al. (författare)
  • Ecological genetics of local adaptation in Arabidopsis : An 8‐year field experiment
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 32:16, s. 4570-4583
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is considerable evidence for local adaptation in nature, yet important questions remain regarding its genetic basis. How many loci are involved? What are their effect sizes? What is the relative importance of conditional neutrality versus genetic trade-offs? Here we address these questions in the self-pollinating, annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We used 400 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two locally adapted populations in Italy and Sweden, grew the RILs and parents at the parental locations, and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for mean fitness (fruits/seedling planted). We previously published results from the first 3 years of the study, and here add five additional years, providing a unique opportunity to assess how temporal variation in selection might affect QTL detection and classification. We found 10 adaptive and one maladaptive QTL in Italy, and six adaptive and four maladaptive QTL in Sweden. The discovery of maladaptive QTL at both sites suggests that even locally adapted populations are not always at their genotypic optimum. Mean effect sizes for adaptive QTL, 0.97 and 0.55 fruits in Italy and Sweden, respectively, were large relative to the mean fitness of the RILs (approximately 8 fruits/seedling planted at both sites). Both genetic trade-offs (four cases) and conditional neutrality (seven cases) contribute to local adaptation in this system. The 8-year dataset provided greater power to detect QTL and to estimate their locations compared to our previous 3-year study, identifying one new genetic trade-off and resolving one genetic trade-off into two conditionally adaptive QTL.
  •  
50.
  • Zacharaki, Vasiliki, et al. (författare)
  • The non-coding RNA SVALKA locus produces a cis-natural antisense transcript that negatively regulates the expression of CBF1 and biomass production at normal temperatures
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Plant Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3462. ; 4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Non-coding transcription is present in all eukaryotic genomes, but we lack fundamental knowledge about its importance for an organism's ability to develop properly. In plants, emerging evidence highlights the essential biological role of non-coding transcription in the regulation of coding transcription. However, we have few molecular insights into this regulation. Here, we show that a long isoform of the long non coding RNA SVALKA-L (SVK-L) forms a natural antisense transcript to the host gene CBF1 and negatively regulates CBF1 mRNA levels at normal temperatures in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, we show detailed evidence for the specific mode of action of SVK-L. This pathway includes the formation of double-stranded RNA that is recognized by the DICER proteins and subsequent downregulation of CBF1 mRNA levels. Thus, the CBF1-SVK regulatory circuit is not only important for its previously known role in cold temperature acclimation but also for biomass production at normal temperatures. Our study characterizes the developmental role of SVK-L and offers mechanistic insight into how biologically important overlapping natural antisense transcripts can act on and fine-tune the steady-state levels of their host gene's mRNA.
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