| 1. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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The end of the road? : agricultural revolutions in the capitalist World-ecology, 1450-2010
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - : Wiley - Blackwell. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:3, s. 389-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does the present socio-ecological impasse – captured in popular discussions of the ‘end’ of cheap food and cheap oil – represent the latest in a long history of limits and crises that have been transcended by capital, or have we arrived at an epochal turning point in the relation of capital, capitalism and agricultural revolution? For the better part of six centuries, the relation between world capitalism and agriculture has been a remarkable one. Every great wave of capitalist development has been paved with ‘cheap’ food. Beginning in the long sixteenth century, capitalist agencies pioneered successive agricultural revolutions, yielding a series of extraordinary expansions of the food surplus. This paper engages the crisis of neoliberalism today, and asks: Is another agricultural revolution, comparable to those we have known in the history of capitalism, possible? Does the present conjuncture represent a developmental crisis of capitalism that can be resolved by establishing new agro-ecological conditions for another long wave of accumulation, or are we now witnessing an epochal crisis of capitalism? These divergent possibilities are explored from a perspective that views capitalism as ‘world-ecology’, joining together the accumulation of capital and the production of nature in dialectical unity.
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| 2. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
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| 3. |
- Fjæstad, Maja, 1976-
(författare)
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Visionen om outtömlig energi : Bridreaktorn i svensk kärnkraftshistoria 1945–80
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fast breeder is a type of nuclear reactor that aroused much attention in the 1950s and 60s. Its ability to produce more nuclear fuel than it consumes offered promises of cheap and reliable energy, and thereby connected it to utopian ideas about an eternal supply of energy. Furthermore, the ideas of breeder reactors were a vital part of the post-war visions about the nuclear future. This dissertation investigates the plans for breeder reactors in Sweden, connecting them to the contemporary development of nuclear power with heavy or light water and the discussions of nuclear weapons, as well as to the general visions of a prosperous technological future. The history of the Swedish breeder reactor is traced from high hopes in the beginning, via the fiasco of the Swedish heavy water program, partly focusing on the activities at the company AB Atomenergi and investigating how it planned and argued for its breeder program and how this was received by the politicians. The story continues into the intensive environmental movement in the 1970s, ending with the Swedish referendum on nuclear energy in 1980, which can be seen as the final point for the Swedish breeder. The thesis discusses how the nuclear breeder reactor was transformed from an argument for nuclear power to an argument against it. The breeder began as a part of the vision of a society with abundant energy, but was later seen as a threat against the new sustainable world. The nuclear breeder reactor is an example of a technological vision that did not meet its industrial expectations. But that does not prevent the fact that breeder was an influential technology in an age where import decisions about nuclear energy were made. The thesis argues that important decisions about the contemporary reactors were taken with the idea that they in a foreseeable future would be replaced with the efficient breeder. And the last word on the breeder reactor is not said – today, reactor engineers around the world are showing a renewed interest in this elusive reactor type.
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| 4. |
- Avango, Dag, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift. - 0349-2834. ; :63
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Kenneth, 1971
(författare)
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Världscirkeln sluts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Maria Sjöberg (red.), En samtidig världshistoria. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144074375 ; , s. 588-610
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stillahavsområdets historia 1500–1800: Under stora delar av perioden fungerade Stilla havet i huvudsak fortfarande som sammanbindande på lokal och regional nivå snarare än transocean. De förbindelser som förekom var likväl mycket viktiga och bestod under större delen av perioden främst av de spanska silvergaljonerna mellan Manila i Filippinerna och Acapulco i Mexico. De var en del i den globala handeln och även viktiga för det kulturella och biologiska utbytet i form av människor, grödor och sjukdomar mellan Europa, Amerika, Oceanien, Asien och Afrika.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Egan Sjölander, Annika, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Motorspriten kommer! : en historia om etanol och andra alternativa drivmedel
- 2014
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motorspriten kommer! löd budskapet i början av 1900-talet. Liknande utfästelser om alternativa drivmedel har gång på gång hörts genom historien. Men de oljebaserade bränslena har behållit sitt grepp om transportsystemet, trots att de alltid ansetts problematiska. Varför?Den här boken handlar om olika försök att utveckla och förverkliga alternativ till oljebaserade drivmedel i Sverige. Den spänner över ett drygt sekel, från slutet av 1800-talet och framåt, och behandlar bland annat sulfitsprit, syntetisk bensin, gengas, metanol och den första och andra generationens etanol. I fokus står motiven bakom dessa alternativ varför de har ansetts angelägna och önskvärda liksom de problem och strukturella hinder som de har mött och alltjämt fortsätter att möta. Boken ger historiska och medievetenskapliga perspektiv på de pågående försöken till en omställning på drivmedelsområdet och bidrar till kunskap av värde för såväl beslutsfattare som allmänhet.Boken bygger på forskning som utfördes inom det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Framtidens drivmedel? Biobränslen i historisk och kulturell belysning. Den är skriven av samtliga forskare i projektet Annika Egan Sjölander, Helena Ekerholm, Jenny Eklöf, Erland Mårald, Christer Nordlund och Bosse Sundin i samarbete med Henrik Lång.
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| 8. |
- Kardell, Örjan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Skogsgödslingen i backspegeln : debatten om storskogsbrukets kvävegödsling i Sverige ca 1960-2009
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized on a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article factors that have shaped these fluctuations are explored. A specific task is to investigate to what extent the fluctuations correlate with debates on environmental issues. Furthermore, conflicting “fundamental ideas” within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed. The study thus sheds some light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved, from the 1960s until today.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lindkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive Forestry as Progress or Decay? : An Analysis of the Debate about Forest Fertilization in Sweden, 1960–2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI Publishing. - 1999-4907. ; 2:1, s. 112-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a promising forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized at a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article both the forestry industry’s, and the environmental movement’s, attitudes toward forest fertilization over time are investigated. Furthermore, conflicting persistent ideas about nature and future, i.e., “figures of thought”, within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed in relation to the debate on fertilization. The analysis reveals mainly three figures of thought that have influenced this debate during the period, “the idea of progress”, “the idea of decay” and “the idea of the great chain of being”. The study thus sheds light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved from the 1960s until today and uncovers thought patterns that have stood, and continue to stand, in opposition to one another.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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New natures : joining environmental history with science and technology studies
- 2013
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- New Natures broadens the dialogue between the disciplines of science and technology studies (STS) and environmental history in hopes of deepening and even transforming understandings of human-nature interactions. The volume presents historical studies that engage with key STS theories, offering models for how these theories can help crystallize central lessons from empirical histories, facilitate comparative analysis, and provide a language for complicated historical phenomena. Overall, the collection exemplifies the fruitfulness of cross-disciplinary thinking.
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| 19. |
- Legnér, Mattias, 1973-
(författare)
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On the Early History Museum Environment Control : Nationalmuseum and Gripsholm Castle in Sweden, c. 1866-1932
- 2011
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 56:2, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that there have been investigations into the historical development of indoor climate recommendations, to date verylittle research has been carried out on how climate control in museums was actually implemented in the past. This article examinesthe development of climate control in two Swedish museum buildings up until the 1930s: Nationalmuseum and GripsholmCastle. Nationalmuseum was erected to make the state collections more accessible to the public and to provide monitoring andcentral heating. At that time knowledge of climatic conditions in museums was tacit and based on personal experience ratherthan on scientific studies. However, in the early twentieth century the problem of managing museum climate increased as curatorsbecame more aware of the dehydrating effects of central heating on panels and polychrome wood. The first successful attemptsto automatically control indoor climate were carried out at Gripsholm in the 1920s. The focus was then on monitoring andcontrolling temperature rather than relative humidity, but these early attempts also showed that extreme levels of humidity couldbe avoided in an environment that had never been designed for permanent heating. This article examines attempts at managingindoor climate between the 1860s and the 1930s.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Elenius, Lars
(författare)
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Identiteter i Tornedalen
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tornionlaakson vuosikirja. - Torneå : Tornedalsrådet - Tornionlaakson maakuntamuseo. ; , s. 329-353
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Elenius, Lars, 1952-
(författare)
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Symbolic charisma and the creation of nations : the case of the Sámi
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1473-8481 .- 1754-9469. ; 10:3, s. 467-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cultural charisma of the Sámi people has served to inscribe them in the nation myths of the Scandinavian states. This charisma was also built into the self-image of the Nordic countries when they established as a political organisation in the 1950s. While this charisma was to some extent created by leaders of the majority population, its symbolic value has also been used by the Sámi movement as a tool for political mobilisation. The global resistance by indigenous people towards colonialism resulted in a shift of the Sámi people's strategy from national to global action, and in the redefinition from a ‘nature people' within the nation state to an ‘indigenous people' in a global legalistic discourse. At the same time, Sámi politicians strive to unite the different Sámi groups through a common homeland, Sápmi, which crosses the nation-state borders. The political territory of Sápmi can culturally be regarded as an imagined nation in the same way as a nation-state, even if it is scattered across four countries. The creation of a Sámi nation also faces the same kind of inter-ethnic problems as the nation-state.
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| 23. |
- Jørgensen, Dolly
(författare)
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Not by human hands : five technological tenets for environmental history in the Anthropocene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 20:4, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technologies in the hands of humans have turned humans into a force of nature. Environmental historians have increasingly recognised the value of history of technology to explain many environmental changes. Scholarship at the environment-technology junction, deploying ideas developed with the framework of Science and Technology Studies (STS), has revealed the usefulness of seeing the whole constellation of science, technology, and environment as simultaneously human-made. Based on recent work at the intersection of history of technology and environment, I propose five technological tenets about human interaction with nonhuman living beings that should be adopted as central elements of environmental history. The tenets demand that historians break down conceptual barriers between artefacts and animals: animals and plants are themselves technologies; technologies provide means of controlling other living beings; technologies mediate our knowledge of animals; technologies affect our valuation of other living creatures; and technology is part of the ecosystem.
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| 24. |
- Jørgensen, Dolly
(författare)
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The Metamorphosis of Ajax, jakes, and early modern urban sanitation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Early English Studies (online). - Arlington, Texas, USA : University of Texas at Arlington. - 2156-0102. ; 3, s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines Sir John Harington’s A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, Called The Metamorphosis of Ajax through the lens of urban environmental history, examining the everyday context of Harington’s discourse. It argues that although Harington may have used the work for the political and social commentary discussed by other scholars, he also puts forward a vision of a new physical urban sanitation system to address concerns about disease transmission from exposure to waste. His proposal includes both individually-owned improved flushed privies and government-sponsored sewage systems, a hitherto overlooked element of his program.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969
(författare)
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Södra Råda projektet. Program för forskning- och utvecklingsarbete : Reconstruction of the Medieval Church Södra Råda. Program for Research and development
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Södra Råda gamla kyrka brann den 11 november 2001 i ett pyromandåd. Kyrkan var världskänd genom de höggotiska kormålningarna och mäster Amunds tak- och väggmålningar i långhuset. Södra Råda var också ett unikt byggnadsverk som en av 11 bevarade medeltida timrade kyrkor. Kort efter branden tog Riksantikvarieämbetet initiativ till ett rekonstruktionsprojekt, ”som ett pedagogiskt exempel för att ge nytt hantverkskunnande och kunskap om vår medeltida historia.” Efter drygt fem år med arkeologiska utgrävningar och byggnadstekniska förundersökningar startade rekonstruktionsarbetet. 2007 lades grund och syllvarv, och vid utgången av 2009 var sju stockvarv upptimrade. Projektet har allt sedan starten försökt nyttiggöra de arkeologiska utgrävningarna och byggnadsrekonstruktionen för turism, lokal kulturutveckling, utbildning och forskning. Bygget av nya Södra Råda kyrka är alltså ett kunskapsprojekt som skall ge kunskaper om hantverk och medeltidshistoria, ett kunskapsprojekt vars genomförande också skall användas för att nå andra mål. Bygget som pedagogik och kunskapsprojekt utgör alltså projektet Södra Rådas grund. FoU-programmet analyserar Södra Råda-projektet ingående ur en mängd perspektiv. Målsättningen med arbetet var att identifiera viktiga åtgärder för att utveckla Södra Råda som vetenskapligt kunskapsprojekt, samt hur detta projekt kan samverka med de pedagogiska och destinationspolitiska ambitionerna.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Skeppsarkeologisk analys
- 2013
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Ingår i: Skeppet Mars (1564). - Huddinge : Arkeologi, Södertörns högskola. - 9789198034622 ; , s. 11-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ekerholm, Helena, 1981-
(författare)
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Bränsle för den moderna nationen : Etanol och gengas i Sverige under mellankrigstiden och andra världskriget
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigate Swedish policy-making concerning promotion of wood gas and ethanol distilled from fermented sulphite lye as domestic fuel alternatives in the Interwar years and World War II. With a departure point in the theories of social constructions of technology (SCOT), the sociology of expectations and Thomas P. Hughe’s socio-technical systems I analyse the measures that were undertaken in these efforts, the arguments put forward for and against the ethanol and wood gas projects and how the efforts turned out. I also investigate how the interpretations of ethanol and wood gas as fuel alternatives changed from the Interwar period on through World War II and what consequences this had for ethanol and wood gas policy immediately after World War II. Source material includes Parliament and Government records, cabinet meeting files, governmental commissions, authority archives, technical evaluations and handbooks and scientific medical publications.Ethanol and wood gas were promoted from a nationalist vantage point. The Interwar debate was imbued with visions of national techno-scientific prowess in a perceived ongoing global contest for technological and scientific advancement, of which achieving autarky, self-sufficiency on important raw materials and industrial products, was an ideal for some. Ethanol and wood gas were also promoted as means for creating a lucrative new market for the forestry industry, which also held a prominent position in nationalist visions of technology. Expectations of a new war also motivated the promotion of ethanol and wood gas as national fuels. Measures for promotion included tax exemptions, sales guarantees and legislation for mandatory ethanol purchase for all petrol importing companies and gasifier loan funds. Political conflicts mainly centred around the principles of free trade as opposed to protectionism, proper use of tax funds and whether the potentials of the fuel alternatives were rhetorically exaggerated. During World War II ethanol and wood gas in particular served as important petrol surrogates. The increased wood gas use led to negative interpretations of wood gas a fuel alternative due to its hazardous, dirty and time-consuming maintenance and the changed driving behaviour it required from its users compared to petrol or ethanol fuelled automobiles. Compared to wood gas, ethanol was appreciated for its socio-technical similarities to petrol, but production was after the war deemed difficult to maintain during wartime. Whereas wood gas remained an important stand-by surrogate during the cold war, Swedish politicians lost interest in ethanol of the kind that was promoted in the Interwar years.
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| 32. |
- Avango, Dag, 1965-
(författare)
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Constructing Svalbard and its natural resources : industrial futures in a contested Arctic space
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic is often envisioned as a future supply area for fossil energy and shipping, a development bound to occur because of the decreasing Arctic Ocean sea ice. In the Assessing Arctic Futures project we have challenged this deterministic future vision, arguing that natural resources are social constructions, constructed within networks of actors who ascribe value to them.Based on a theoretical model developed in this project, I will present cases on the construction of resources in the Svalbard coal mining industry (1898-present). How and why have actors envisioned Svalbard as a place for settlement and extraction? How did they build influence for their visions and why were some of those visions realized? The paper will suggest that explanations of why resource utilization in the Arctic occur (or not) is far more complex than the relative amount of sea ice on the Arctic Ocean.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Avango, Dag, 1965-
(författare)
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Heritage in Action : Industrial heritage in sovereignty conflicts
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of cultural heritage in international disputes over polar areas, through the lens of heritage sites in the Arctic and Antarctic.Over the last centuries, entrepreneurs and states have competed for control over territories and resources in the Arctic and Antarctic. Previous research has analyzed this struggle on different arenas – in diplomacy and in the Polar landscapes, where scientific research and resource utilization has served as bases for claims to political influence or exclusive extraction rights. Less is known about the role of the historical remains of these activities, in current sovereignty controversies in the Arctic and Antarctic. What is the role of heritage sites in the competition for influence and resources in the Polar Regions?The paper analyzes industrial heritage sites in two contested areas in the Polar Regions – the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia in the Antarctic, and Svalbard in the Arctic – sites remaining from large scale whaling and mining in the 20th century. The analysis is based on extensive industrial archaeological field research conducted in the Arctic and Antarctic within the framework of the International Polar Year project LASHIPA (Large Scale Historical Exploitation of Polar Areas).The cases analyzed shows that industry heritage sites have been used in the struggle between the main competitors for sovereignty in those regions, through practical re-use, by narration and through heritage management. The results show that industrial heritage sites in the Polar Regions can play a significant role in competitions for political influence and resources there. By enrolling the heritage sites into actor networks, competing stakeholders populate sparsely populated places with allied actors and actants. In these networks, the heritage sites can play different roles, defending national prestige, attracting tourists, creating a sense connectedness to distant polar places, as well as legitimizing claims for influence over territories and natural resources.
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| 36. |
- Ekerholm, Helena, 1981-
(författare)
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Ett nationellt drivmedel: etanol i svensk politik 1924-1934 : [Fuelling the nation: Ethanol in Swedish politics, 1924-1934]
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandia. - Lund : Scandia. - 0036-5483. ; 79:1, s. 63-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the political efforts to establish ethanol as a national fuel in Sweden in 1924 - 1934. Drawing on official records - the transcripts of parliamentary debates, governmental commission reports, and government bills and legislation - ethanol is considered as a technological and political artefact, with a particular focus on a strongly ideological fuel policy intended to bring about technological change.At the time, considerable political effort went into finding and establishing a national fuel, efficient and abundant enough to support the nation's requirements for essential products. This was by no means a uniquely Swedish undertaking. Nation-states all over the industrialized world sought domestic fuel alternatives, prompted by the expected depletion of oil reserves and the fear of renewed international conflict. In that period, Swedish ethanol was distilled from fermented sulphite lye, a waste product from paper and pulp production. It was therefore presented as a lucrative solution for a waste problem, and, as it was produced within the nation-state's borders, a promising wartime surrogate. However, ethanol was more expensive than petrol, which made it less marketable during peacetime. To cover losses, the ethanol industry requested state support in the form of tax exemptions and legislation to force petrol importers to blend ethanol into all marketed petrol.Those who argued in favour of the ethanol industry's requests were mainly right-wing politicians, who based their arguments on a nationalist ideology that national collective benefit justified state intervention in the free market. Opposition was mainly mounted by a faction in the Social Democrat party. For them, any measure that made products more expensive for consumers was unthinkable. They also argued that the ethanol industry had reached the end of the line; any production without the means and capacity to support itself should make way for its competitors. Concerns about the anticipated international conflict, however, led the Social Democrat minister for finance, Ernst Wigforss, to concede to the demands of the ethanol industry. In 1934, he thus proposed legislation that largely corresponded to claims made by right-wing politicians and the influential forestry industry, of which ethanol production was a part.
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| 37. |
- Jørgensen, Finn Arne, 1975-
(författare)
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Making a green machine : the infrastructure of beverage container recycling
- 2011
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consider an empty bottle or can, one of the hundreds of billions of beverage containers that are discarded worldwide every year. Empty containers have been at the center of intense political controversies, technological innovation processes, and the modern environmental movement. Making a Green Machine examines the development of the Scandinavian beverage container deposit-refund system, which has the highest return rates in the world, from 1970 to present. Finn Arne Jørgensen investigates the challenges the system faced when exported internationally and explores the critical role of technological infrastructures and consumer convenience in modern recycling. His comparative framework charts the complex network of business and political actors involved in the development of the reverse vending machine (RVM) and bottle deposit legislation to better understand the different historical trajectories empty beverage containers have taken across markets, including the U.S. The RVM has served as more than a hole in the wall - it began simply as a tool for grocers who had to handle empty refillable glass bottles, but has become a green machine to redeem the empty beverage container, helping both business and consumers participate in environmental actions.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Jørgensen, Dolly
(författare)
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Pigs and pollards : medieval insights for UK wood pasture restoration
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 5:2, s. 387-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- English wood pastures have become a target for ecological restoration, including the restoration of pollarded trees and grazing animals, although pigs have not been frequently incorporated into wood pasture restoration schemes. Because wood pastures are cultural landscapes, created through the interaction of natural processes and human practices, a historical perspective on wood pasture management practices has the potential to provide insights for modern restoration projects. Using a wide range of both written and artistic sources form the Middle Ages, this article argues that pigs were fed in wood pastures both during the mast season when acorns were available and at other times as grazing fields. Pollarded pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) likely dominated these sustainable cultural landscapes during the medieval period.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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R&D collaboration and environmental adaptation: A pilot study of the Swedish pulp- and paper industry 1900-1990
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with the importance of inter-firm and state-firm cooperation for environmental adaptation in the Swedish pulp and paper industry during the period 1900-1990. By sharing similar pollution problems, the industry pooled resources to collective R&D activities and could thereby share cost and the economic risks related to environmental adaptation. We conclude that the environmental issue has been a strong driver for industrial renewing in the Swedish pulp and paper industry since the 1960s. The long tradition of collective environmental R&D activities, which stared already at the beginning of the 20th century, facilitated the development and adaptation of cleaner technologies in the sector from the 1960s and onwards. Our findings suggest that environmental policies that support collaborative R&D activities might facilitate innovation processes of cleaner technologies and the speed of their diffusion.
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| 43. |
- Fridlund, Mats, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Terrorens ingeniørkunst: Teknik og videnskab efter 11. september : Terrorns ingenjörskonst: Teknik och vetenskap efter 11 september
- 2011
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Ingår i: 11. september: Verdens tilstand ti år efter. Malene Fenger-Grøndal (red.). - Aarhus : Aarhus Universitetsforlag. - 978 87 7934 731 1 ; , s. 263-279
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nyheden om terroranslaget i Oslo indløb via Facebook under skrivningen af denne tekst. Selvom detaljerne af det dødeligste terroranslag i Norden siden Anden Verdenskrig endnu ikke er helt klarlagt, viser de tydeligt, at teknikkens betydning for terrorvolden på en måde har og på en måde ikke har gennemgået en radikal forandring siden terrorangrebet den 11. september 2001. Ser man bort fra den stærkt stigende brug af selvmordsbomber"– det radikalt nye masseødelæggelsesvåben, som terror-eksperten Bruce Hoffman kalder det ‘menneskelige krydsermissil’"– er tekknikkens betydning uforandret i den forstand, at terroristerne stadigvæk fortrinsvist benytter langt mindre dødbringende bomber og håndvåben. Men selvom de traditionelle teknikker er mindre dødbringende, er de meget effektive i forhold til at sprede frygt og sprede terroristernes budskab. Det fremgår ikke bare af terrorangrebet den 22. juli i Norge, men også en række andre terrorhandlinger i Moskva, Madrid og Mumbai. Samtidig har terrorvolden"– selvom den ikke har været lige så dødelig"– ændret sig radikalt siden 11. september i kraft af teknikken: Den er blevet mere direkte, traumatisk, påtrængende og nærværende, således at den i dag er svær at ignorere i det medialiserede kommunikationssamfund, der er blevet udviklet og intensiveret siden 2001. Såvel den 22. juli 2011 som den 11. september 2001 betød terrorens formidling via globaliserede og globaliserende tekniske kommunikationssystemer som tv, internet, mobiltelefoni og sociale medier, at ofrenes psykologiske terror for mange af os straks blev multipliceret og intimiseret.
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| 44. |
- Harvard, Jonas, 1971-
(författare)
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Northern Experiences of Global Telegraphy : Materiality and Technology in the Scandinavian Periphery
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Communication Electric. - Frankfurt, New York : Campus Verlag.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Book abstract:As catalysts of our present global condition, telegraphs are emblems of modernity. The establishment of a worldwide network of landline and submarine cable connections in the mid-nineteenth century fostered the emergence of new structures and patterns of interaction on a global scale. World politics and a global economy only became possible with the creation of “global communication electric.” This book examines the emergence of this global media system between 1860 and 1930 in four sections—"Inter|Nationalisms," "Agents|Actors," "Use|News," and "Space|Time"—that aim to broaden and challenge popular conceptions of telegraphy. In exploring the varied uses of telegraphy, real or imagined, Global Communication Electric expands the notion of the telegraph as a globalizing medium: of connection as well as friction; of political, social, and economic entanglement as well as disentanglement; and of crossing as well as creating distance in space and time.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Jørgensen, Finn Arne, 1975-
(författare)
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Night at the cabin : electricity and the experience of darkness in Norwegian leisure cabins, 1950 – 2000
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The leisure cabin is a deeply entrenched structure in Norwegian nature and culture. Close to half a million cabins dot the countryside in a nation of less than five million inhabitants. The cabin lifestyle is also rooted in history and tradition, in an idea of escaping from the stress of urban life to relax and “recharge one’s batteries” in nature. While this sounds anti-modern, cabin owners have eagerly adopted modern comfort technologies in order to make cabin living more convenient. This paper will explore the historical changes in the experience of night at the cabin, particularly focusing on the tensions between “artificial” electric light and “natural” darkness. Pitch-black nights, natural sounds, and starry night skies are important elements in the national mythology of authentic cabin living, yet these natural experiences has all but disappeared for a majority of cabin owners today. In many cabin developments, the light and noise pollution from electrical devices have more in common with suburbia than with the mythical isolated cabin in the remote wilderness. The question of electrical light thus leads us to consider Norwegians’ attitude toward nature and how it has changed since the early 1950s. This development reminds us how cabins and urban homes, and nature and culture are tightly connected.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Jørgensen, Finn Arne, 1975-
(författare)
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The Infrastructure of Nature : leisure cabins and the built environment in Norway, 1850-2000
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Environmental Humanities. ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scandinavians like to think of themselves as being particularly close to nature. Identifying exactly what this nature is, however, is tricky. This paper historicizes the making of Norwegian nature by following the leisure cabin from 1850 until present. Cabins serve as gateways to nature for Norwegians, but have also permanently altered and influenced what we think of as natural. This paper examines how the infrastructures connecting people to cabins and to scenic landscapes have now become an integrated part of the Norwegian landscape. Large parts of Norway’s nature cannot be experienced outside of this infrastructure; at the same time, it is precisely through using this infrastructure Norwegians have come to know and appreciate nature. In conclusion, the paper will argue that sustainable environmental management should consider the history of how we have come to use and experience nature, but not look back to an idea of pristine, untouched nature for solutions.
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| 50. |
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