| 1. |
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| 2. |
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Degraded and restituted towns in Poland: Origins, development, problems : Miasta zdegradowane i restytuowane w Polsce. Geneza, rozwój, problemy
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the less known problems in settlement geography is the issue of so-called degraded and restituted towns. This lack of reconnaissance, however, is perhaps less the result of the towns’ scarcity than their specificity of being ‘awarded’ or ‘deprived of’ an urban label by means of strictly socio-political actions. Degraded and restituted towns, hence, are spatial units made ‘urban’ or ‘rural’ instantaneously, irrespective of their de facto state along what is widely considered a gradual path of (de)urbanization. Instead, they become compartmentalized into two constructed spatial categories that have survived the onslaught of material transformations and philosophical repositioning through different whims of time. While ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ are conceptual binaries that certainly need to be treated with caution, their cultural salience may cause tangible consequences within national administrative systems that abide by a formalized rural-urban distinction. This issue becomes particularly important for settlements that clearly transcend any imagined rural-urban divide, i.e. those, whose material and immaterial characteristics seem counterfactual to their assigned category. It is also crucial in formal practices designed to avert such counterfactualities, but whose ran-domness of approach more creates confusion than helps straighten out a historical concoction. Both processes, nonetheless, lend ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ a resonance of objectivity, justifying their use as guides for a host of developmental endeavors, despite subverting a much more intricate reality. Degraded and restituted towns are direct derivatives of this. Drawing on the above-mentioned irreconcilabilities, the aim of this book is to present and scrutinize degraded and restituted towns through the example of Poland, where these towns occupy a special niche. For one, Poland, due to its chequered and variegated history, is home to a conspicuously large number of degraded (831) and restituted (236) towns; for another, Poland’s relentlessness of formalizing ‘urbanity’ as a category of statistical, political and cultural guidance has a direct bearing on the lives of the towns’ residents. Realizing the intricacy of degraded and restituted towns in the face of commonplace ru-ral-urban ideations, the editors and the 17 contributing Authors of this book have made an effort to capture the towns’ complexity with special foci on their shrouded origins, developmental specificity and incurred problems. Owing to the involvement of researchers from different scientific disciplines and subdisciplines, the undertaken project has helped elucidate the problem from multiple perspectives: spatial, social, demographic, economic, environmental, historical, architectural, cultural, legal and philosophical. Allocated into 17 chapters, not only have the presented interpretations allowed for a first interdisciplinary synthesis on the topic, but they also helped outline some prospective directions for future research. Moreover, collecting materials of such diversity into an amalgamated whole has helped identify specific discourses that enwrap the concept of “urbanity” when seen through its oscillations within formal contexts, and to which degraded and restituted towns serve as expendable game pieces. By combining knowledge arrived at through ontologically and epistemologically different approaches, the incremental contribution of this book as a whole could be summarized in two attainments: a) extending theoretical frameworks used to study degraded and restituted towns in terms of definition, conceptualization and assessing predispositions for future de-velopment on account of their spatial, legal, socio-economic and historical charac-teristics; b) initiating an anticipated discussion on a number of important and current topics re-lated to the practices of degradation and restitution that have not received adequate attention, e.g., the urbanity-vs.-rurality paradox, the changeability of human settlement forms vs. the consequences of rigid spatial categorizations; the role of various actors in shaping the socio-economic reality under the guise of an ossified binary; or identifying spatio-conceptual conflicts as future challenges for local, regional and national policy.
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| 3. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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| 4. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Visual assessments of establishment success in urban Prunus avium (L.) and Quercus rubra (L.) in relation to water status and crown morphological characteristics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 14:2, s. 218-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the establishment of newly planted urban trees is important to ensure that establishmentmanagement is maintained as long as needed. Such assessment is often based on visual appraisal of the post-transplant vitality two or three years after planting. How visual assessments relate to water status in the trees, or which morphological characteristics that are driving forces in such assessments have received limited attention in past research. In this interdisciplinary study, several leaf characteristics, such as leafshape, size and colour were determined on 50 trees each of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and red oak(Quercus rubra L.), transplanted to two Swedish sites three seasons before the study. In addition, shoot length was measured, and crown density, crownshape and die-back were estimated. Visual establishment assessments were performed by professional evaluators, who also completed a questionnaire on their background knowledge and priorities during assessments. The study investigated which of these leaf and crown characteristics had the greatest impact on the assessments. In addition, it compared the characteristics and evaluator assessments against the tree water status, determined by pre-dawn shoot water potential measurements. Visual assessments proved to be unrelated to shoot water potential for both species but, for red oak the assessments were strongly related to leaf colour and leaf shape. Shootwater potential was related to leaf size but not to leaf colour, indicating that one of the most influential parameters for visual assessments of red oak were not well-suited for determining tree establishment success, if defined by water status. The assessments for sweet cherry were best explained by leaf area. Our findings suggest that leaf size is a good indicator of tree establishment and that leaf shape, the character considered least important by tree evaluators, is influential on tree assessments. These findings are important for the development of more accurate tree expert assessments.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Freitas, Flavio L. M., 1986-
(författare)
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Brazilian land use policies and the development of ecosystem services
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Concerns related to global environmental changes due to land use changes have been driving international communities towards more sustainable land use systems. Brazil is a country of global strategic importance in this matter considering that it is the nation with the largest extension of preserved tropical native vegetation, recognised for its ecosystem services and high and unique biodiversity. Expansion of forestry and agriculture is taking place rapidly in Brazil, partly over degraded pastureland, but also over native vegetation. Regulating policies to govern and limit this expansion is crucial to ensure the preservation of the ecosystems services provided by native vegetation. This thesis aims at improving the understanding of the potential impacts of prevailing public and private policies in the conservation of nature in Brazil. For this end, the Land Use Policy Assessment (LUPA) model was employed to evaluate potential pathways of implementation of the land use policies. Paper 1 evaluated the effects of current private and public command and control regulations in the protection of above-ground carbon stocks, identifying the most relevant stakeholders holding carbon stocks. The findings suggest that about 10% of carbon stocks are unprotected, where other policy instruments based on the market will be mostly required. Paper 2 performed an assessment of the mechanism for offsetting the legal deficit of native vegetation among landholders, evaluating the different offsetting implementation practices and their impacts on nature protection and socio-economic development. The results indicate that the offsetting mechanism may have little or no additional effects on protection of native vegetation and its ecosystem services because most of the offsetting is likely to take place where native vegetation is already protected by current legislations. However, it is viable to maximise environmental and socio-economic returns from the offsetting mechanism.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Östberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Hur grön är din stad?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Landskap. - 2001-1903. ; , s. 36-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Water, Forests, People: The Swedish Experience in Building Resilient Landscapes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 62:1, s. 45-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing world population and rapid expansion of cities increase the pressure on basic resources such as water, food and energy. To safeguard the provision of these resources, restoration and sustainable management of landscapes is pivotal, including sustainable forest and water management. Sustainable forest management includes forest conservation, restoration, forestry and agroforestry practices. Interlinkages between forests and water are fundamental to moderate water budgets, stabilize runoff, reduce erosion and improve biodiversity and water quality. Sweden has gained substantial experience in sustainable forest management in the past century. Through significant restoration efforts, a largely depleted Swedish forest has transformed into a well-managed production forest within a century, leading to sustainable economic growth through the provision of forest products. More recently, ecosystem services are also included in management decisions. Such a transformation depends on broad stakeholder dialog, combined with an enabling institutional and policy environment. Based on seminars and workshops with a wide range of key stakeholders managing Sweden’s forests and waters, this article draws lessons from the history of forest management in Sweden. These lessons are particularly relevant for countries in the Global South that currently experience similar challenges in forest and landscape management. The authors argue that an integrated landscape approach involving a broad array of sectors and stakeholders is needed to achieve sustainable forest and water management. Sustainable landscape management—integrating water, agriculture and forests—is imperative to achieving resilient socio-economic systems and landscapes.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ives, Christopher D., et al.
(författare)
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Human-nature connection : a multidisciplinary review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 26-27, s. 106-113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In sustainability science calls are increasing for humanity to (re-)connect with nature, yet no systematic synthesis of the empirical literature on human-nature connection (HNC) exists. We reviewed 475 publications on HNC and found that most research has concentrated on individuals at local scales, often leaving 'nature' undefined. Cluster analysis identified three subgroups of publications: first, HNC as mind, dominated by the use of psychometric scales, second, HNC as experience, characterised by observation and qualitative analysis; and third, HNC as place, emphasising place attachment and reserve visitation. To address the challenge of connecting humanity with nature, future HNC scholarship must pursue cross-fertilization of methods and approaches, extend research beyond individuals, local scales, and Western societies, and increase guidance for sustainability transformations.
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| 18. |
- Cerwén, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Quiet Areas in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of quiet areas has received increasing attention within the EU in recent years. The EU Environmental Noise Directive (END) of 2002 stipulates that member states should map existing quiet areas and formulate strategies to keep these quiet. Quiet areas could play an important role in balancing densified urban development by ensuring access to relative quietness and associated health benefits. This paper reports on a recent study investigating how the notion of quiet areas has been implemented in Sweden. The study, initiated by the Sound Environment Center in 2017, was carried out in two phases. In phase one, an overview of the current situation was obtained by scrutinizing regional and municipal mapping initiatives, aided by a short digital questionnaire sent out to all 290 municipalities in Sweden. This provided a general understanding and highlighted initiatives for further study in phase two. The results revealed that 41% (n = 118) of Sweden's municipalities include quiet areas in their general plans, but that significantly fewer of these have sophisticated strategies for implementation (n = 16; 6%). Moreover, the interest in quiet areas in municipalities does not seem to be directly related to the END, but is instead inspired by previous regional initiatives in Sweden. The study highlights a number of considerations and examples of how quiet areas are approached in Sweden today. In general, Sweden has come a long way in terms of identifying and mapping quiet areas, but more progress is needed in developing strategies to protect, maintain, and publicize quiet areas.
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| 19. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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How to analyse ecosystem services in landscapes—A systematic review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 73, s. 492-504
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem services (ES) is a significant research topic with diverse modelling and mapping approaches. However, the variety of approaches—along with an inconsistent terminology—cause uncertainties concerning the choice of methods. This paper identifies and qualitatively assesses methods for mapping ES in terrestrial landscapes, based on a systematic review of the scientific literature. It further aims to clarify the associated terminology, in particular the concept of landscape and landscape scale. In total, 347 cases of ES mapping were identified in the reviewed papers. Regulating and maintenance services were most commonly mapped (165), followed by cultural (85), and provisioning services (73). For individual ES, a large variation in number of mapping cases was found. This variation may either reflect the perceived importance of the ES, or that different ES can be more or less easily mapped. Overall, Logical models and Empirical models were most commonly used, followed by Extrapolation, Simulation/Process models, Data integration, and Direct mapping. Only twelve percent of all ES mapping cases were validated with empirical data. The review revealed highly diverging views on the spatial extent of landscapes in studies of ES, and that the term landscape is sometimes used rather arbitrarily.
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| 20. |
- Simelton, Elisabeth, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional land-use systems – a solution for food security in Africa?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Multifunctional Land Uses in Africa: Sustainable Food Security Solutions. - London : Routledge. - 9780429283666 ; , s. 1-21
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What is multifunctional land use? Multifunctional land use is based on systems that are managed with the goal of producing more than one product or service. The products can be, for instance, grains, fodder, timber, firewood, biofuel, fruits or flowers, while the services can be water infiltration, wind breaks, microclimate regulation, carbon storage, erosion control, groundwater recharge or soil conservation, among others. Mander et al. (2007) describe landscapes as multifunctional through their simultaneous support of habitat, productiv- ity, regulatory, social, and economic functions. Heterogeneity (diversity), they noted, is a basic attribute of landscapes, and this heterogeneity implies the capacity of the landscape to support various and sometimes contra- dictory functions simultaneously...
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| 21. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of physiological stress by urban green space in a multisensory virtual experiment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although stress is an increasing global health problem in cities, urban green spaces can provide health benefits. There is, however, a lack of understanding of the link between physiological mechanisms and qualities of urban green spaces. Here, we compare the effects of visual stimuli (360 degree virtual photos of an urban environment, forest, and park) to the effects of congruent olfactory stimuli (nature and city odours) and auditory stimuli (bird songs and noise) on physiological stress recovery. Participants (N = 154) were pseudo-randomised into participating in one of the three environments and subsequently exposed to stress (operationalised by skin conductance levels). The park and forest, but not the urban area, provided significant stress reduction. High pleasantness ratings of the environment were linked to low physiological stress responses for olfactory and to some extent for auditory, but not for visual stimuli. This result indicates that olfactory stimuli may be better at facilitating stress reduction than visual stimuli. Currently, urban planners prioritise visual stimuli when planning open green spaces, but urban planners should also consider multisensory qualities.
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| 22. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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“The Flowering Mountain”. Marketing An 18th Century Landscape in a 21st Century World
- 2018
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Ingår i: PECSRL2018 European Landscapes for Quality of Life?. 3-9 september 2018, Clermont-Ferrand–Mende, France. s. 146.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Review on plant species reported from Kinnekulle, Västergötland, by 18th century botanists, interpretations on landscape appearance then and how the landscape is perceived today. How knowledgeable are inhabitants in the Biosphere Reserve Lake Vänern Archipelago and Mount Kinnekulle in current and historical botany as well as historical accounts of botany?
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lundberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Skötsel av historiska trädgårdar : Grusgångar
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En grusgång är i huvudsak uppbyggd av ett bärlager, som skall ge gången hållfasthet och avgöra hur mycket tyngd den klarar av, samt ett ytskikt, eller slitlager, som ger gången dess karaktär och i viss mån avgör dess funktion. I denna skrift uppmärksammas grusytor som element i historiska trädgårdar. Målsättningen är att sprida kunskap om historisk anläggning, historiska materialval och historisk skötsel samt bidra till medvetna val av skötselmetoder. Skriften redogör främst för skötsel och anläggning av grusgångar i historiska trädgårdar i Sverige från 1650 och framåt, men skötselmetoderna är desamma även för vägar, större grusytor och grusplaner. Modern anläggningsteknik för grusgångar och nutida skötselmetoder i andra länder lämnas dock därhän.
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| 25. |
- Nyman-Nilsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Skötsel av historiska trädgårdar : Klippta lövbärande häckar
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skriften handlar om hur man kan tänka vid val av skötselmetod för att tillvarata kulturhistoriska värden i historiska trädgårdar, med fokus på den lövbärande rumsbildande klippta häcken. Här redovisas inte växtval, arter, sorter, planteringsanvisningar eller beskärningstidpunkter. Den som söker sådan information hänvisas till befintlig facklitteratur och kataloger från trädplantskolor.
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| 26. |
- Hassler, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Collective action and agency in Baltic Sea marine spatial planning: Transnational policy coordination in the promotion of regional coherence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 92, s. 138-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the increasing attention given to marine spatial planning and the widely acknowledged need for transnational policy coordination, regional coherence has not yet improved a great deal in the Baltic Sea region. Therefore, the main objectives in this article are: (a) to map existing governance structures at all levels that influence how domestic marine spatial planning policy strategies are formed, (b) to identify specific challenges to improved regional cooperation and coordination, and (c) to discuss possible remedies. Based on data from in-depth case studies carried out in the BONUS BALTSPACE research project, it is shown that, despite the shared goal of sustainability and efficient resource use in relevant EU Directives, action plans and other policy instruments, domestic plans are emerging in diverse ways, mainly reflecting varying domestic administrative structures, sectoral interests, political prioritisations, and handling of potentially conflicting policy objectives. A fruitful distinction can be made between, on the one hand, regulatory institutions and structures above the state level where decision-making mechanisms are typically grounded in consensual regimes and, on the other hand, bilateral, issue-specific collaboration, typically between adjacent countries. It is argued that, to improve overall marine spatial planning governance, these two governance components need to be brought together to improve consistency between regional alignment and to enhance opportunities for countries to collaborate at lower levels. Issue-specific transnational working groups or workshops can be one way to identify and act upon such potential synergies. © 2018 The Authors
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| 27. |
- Ahrland, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Ett nytt trädgårdshistoriskt översiktsverk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bulletin för trädgårdshistorisk forskning. - 1652-2362 .- 2001-1261. ; 29, s. 30-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hooshyar Yousefi, Bahram, Senior Lecturer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of BIM and IoT in the Building Heritage : A KM Conceptual Framework
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape in Transition. - Tehran : IFLA, Middle East. - 9786220005025 ; , s. 11-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current progress in the field of Building Informa on Modeling (BIM) and the new possibili es facilitated by IoT (Internet of Things) pla orms could contribute to the stream of the integra ng improvement of the knowledge-based built heritage management. In this paper, ُthe concept of integra on of BIM and IoT would appear as a process of coordina on of all phases under a proper knowledge-based strategic approach. The op mal provided model would eventually be essen al to integrate common sub-processes grounded on the developed BIM-IoT principles/model. The eventual model has been conceptualized through the correspondence of BIM with WSN (Wireless Sensors Network) as the central management brain of the opera on and maintenance of the buildings referring to the sustainability concept and conducts as a Knowledge Management System (KMS).
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| 32. |
- Kotze, Shelley, 1986
(författare)
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The place of community values within community-based conservation: The case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Geography. - : Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika/Nicolaus Copernicus University. - 1732-4254 .- 2083-8298. ; 40:40, s. 101-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary approaches to biodiversity conservation within South Africa depart from community-based initiatives which seek to combine biodiversity conservation with socio-economic development. This paper employs a grounded theory approach to discuss the values of local communities and the management body (CapeNature), with regards to Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town, by way of exploring the ways in which community-based conservation is being achieved within this case study. The findings conclude that the support and environmental education provided by CapeNature is going some way to addressing the needs of community-based conservation. Although the geographical location and demographics of the area produce a number of challenges for this approach, this research outlines the pathways for these challenges to be turned into benefits through even greater involvement with community-based conservation.
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| 33. |
- Krzysztofik, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Landscapes with different logics: A physicalistic approach to semantic conflicts in spatial planning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quaestiones Geographicae. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-6383 .- 0137-477X .- 2082-2103. ; 36:4, s. 29-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the ways of categorising landscapes as ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ using a physicalist approach, where these terms have special meaning. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the question whether such a division is still meaningful with regard to anthropogenic landscapes, not least in spatial planning. The concerns raised in this paper depart from the increasingly complicated structure of geographical space, including that of anthropogenic landscapes. Our standpoint is illustrated using cases of landscape ambiguities from Poland, Germany, Romania and Greece. Leaning on frameworks of physicalist (mechanicistic) theory, this paper suggests an explanation to the outlined semantic conflicts. This is done by pointing to the relationality between the impact of centripetal and centrifugal forces, the specifics of socio-economic development, as well as the varying landscape forms that emerge from the differences within that development.
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| 34. |
- Folkesson, Anders
(författare)
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Växtbäddar för växter med speciella krav
- 2016
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Ingår i: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Växtbäddarna ses av många som en besvärlig del av markprojekteringen. Anläggnings-AMA tillhandahåller vissa ”standardlösningar”, såsom A-jord och B-jord, vilka ger bra hjälp och en trygghet i sammanhanget. Men hur gör man om man behöver skapa växtbäddar för växter som kräver något annat? I detta Movium Fakta sammanfattas budskap, inspiration och arbetsmetodik från den nyligen utgivna Jordkokboken, där Movium-rådgivaren Anders Folkesson propagerar för mer miljömässigt och ekonomiskt hållbara växtbäddslösningar.
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| 35. |
- Gao, Tian
(författare)
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Biotope and biodiversity mapping in forest and urban green space : methodological review and developments
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forests play an important role in providing ecosystem services that support the ecological integrity of an area and also supply social benefits for humans. Many of the essential ecological and social benefits derived from forest are underpinned by its biodiversity. This thesis explores how biodiversity values of forest in urban and rural settings are expressed and how these values could be implemented in biodiversity-orientated forest management and planning. Theoretical development work focusing on the application of biotope mapping methods resulted in a modified biotope mapping model integrating vegetation structure as a tool for collecting biodiversity values. The model was validated in a process beginning with a literature study on forest biodiversity indicators in order to test the rationality of vegetation structural parameters included in the model. Two case studies, carried out in an urban and a rural setting, respectively, were then used to validate the function of the modified mapping model in covering different aspects of biodiversity values (birds, mammals and vascular plants in the urban setting; bryophytes, lichens and vascular plants in the rural setting). The results showed that the modified biotope mapping model, where temporal and spatial vegetation structural parameters are integrated, can be applied to collect biodiversity-orientated information, which can support decision making on forest landscape planning and policy.
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| 36. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of natural sounds in urban greenery: potential impact for urban nature preservation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Royal Society open science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most humans now live in cities and their main experience of nature is through urban greenery. An increasing number of studies show the importance of urban green spaces for wellbeing, although most of them are based on visual perception. A questionnaire examining people's evaluations of natural sounds was answered by 1326 individuals living near one of six urban green areas of varying naturalness in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Women and the elderly reported greater calmness when hearing bird song and rustling leaves (and placed a higher importance on the richness of bird species) than did men, younger and middle-aged individuals. Independent of age and gender, urban woodlands (high naturalness) had higher evaluations than parks (low naturalness). Our results suggest that to increase positive experiences of urban green areas, demographic variables of gender and age should be taken into account, and settings that mimic nature should be prioritized in planning.
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| 37. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Vilka förlorar på att stadsskogarna minskar?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Den öppna skogen : kön, genus och jämställdhet i skogssektorn. - 9789157696144 ; , s. 151-160
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skog som skog. Är det något särskilt med den i staden jämfört med den utanför? Ja det är det faktiskt, ur flera aspekter. Inte minst ur ett genusperspektiv.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Michanek, Gabriel, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape Planning - Paving the Way for Effective Conservation of Forest Biodiversity and a Diverse Forestry?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907 .- 1999-4907. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, intensive forestry has led to habitat degradation and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Taking Sweden as an example, this development is contradictory to international commitments, EU obligations, and to the fulfillment of the Parliament’s environmental quality objective “Living Forests[CD1] ”, which according to Naturvårdsverket (The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency) will not be achieved in 2020 as stipulated. One important reason for the implementation deficit is the fragmented forestry management. In a forest landscape, felling and other measures are conducted at different times on separate forest stands (often relatively small units) by different operators. Consequently, the authorities take case by case decisions on felling restrictions for conservation purposes. In contrast, conservation biology research indicates a need for a broad geographical and strategical approach in order to, in good time, select the most appropriate habitats for conservation and to provide for a functioning connectivity between different habitats. In line with the EU Commission, we argue that landscape forestry planning could be a useful instrument to achieve ecological functionality in a large area. Landscape planning may also contribute to the fulfilment of Sweden’s climate and energy policy, by indicating forest areas with insignificant conservation values, where intensive forestry may be performed for biomass production etc. Forest owners should be involved in the planning and would, under certain circumstances, be entitled to compensation. As state resources for providing compensation are scarce, an alternative could be to introduce a tax-fund system within the forestry sector. Such a system may open for voluntary agreements between forest owners for the protection of habitats within a large area.
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| 40. |
- Ramezani, Habib, et al.
(författare)
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Sample-based estimation of "contagion metric" using line intersect sampling method (LIS)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Landscape and Ecological Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1860-1871 .- 1860-188X. ; 11, s. 239-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantification of landscape pattern is of primary interest in landscape ecological studies. For quantification purposes, a large number of landscape metrics have been developed, with definitions based on measurable patch attributes. Calculation of these metrics is commonly conducted on wall-to-wall maps, whereas a new interest is to use sample data. It is argued that a sample survey takes less time and results are more reliable. The overall objective in this paper was to present the potential of the line interest sampling method for estimating a special contagion metric. The specific objective was to assess statistical properties in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and bias of the contagion metric estimator. This study was conducted on 50.1 km(2) already manually delineated land cover maps from the National Inventory of Landscape in Sweden. Monte-Carlo sampling simulation was employed to assess the statistical properties of the estimator. The simulation was conducted for different combinations of two sampling designs, four sample sizes, five lines transect configurations, three lines transect lengths, and two classification systems. The systematic sampling design resulted in lower RMSE and bias compared to a simple random one. Both RMSE and bias of the contagion estimator tended to decrease with increasing sample size and line transect length. We recommend using a combination of systematic sampling design, straight line configuration and long line transect. We conclude that there is no need to use mapped data and thus polygon delineation errors can considerably be reduced or eliminated.
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| 41. |
- Rasmusson, Anders
(författare)
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Checklistor för väl fungerande stadsbruk
- 2017
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Ingår i: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Intresset för odling i staden är stort. Många projekt pågår runt om i landet, oftast som hobbyaktiviteter i liten skala. Projektet Stadsbruk, finansierat av Vinnova, försöker hitta modeller för stadsodling på en mera kommersiell nivå och där vinster kan skapas för såväl odlare, samordnare och samhället i stort. I detta Movium Fakta presenteras checklistor med råd för en lyckosam etablering av stadsbruk.
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| 42. |
- Richnau, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Planting clonal shade-tolerant herbs in young urban woodlands-Effects of compost on plant growth, flowering and survival
- 2016
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 17, s. 158-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rich herbaceous layers supply important ecosystem functions and amenity values in urban woodlands. However, due to poor dispersal and recruitment, typical woodland herbs often remain absent in woodlands established on post-agricultural and post-industrial sites, especially in fragmented urban landscapes. Efficient methods for active restoration of the herbaceous layer are therefore needed. In a plantation experiment in an 11-year-old oak stand established on post-agricultural land just outside Malmo City, southern Sweden, this study investigated the effects of compost addition and weed control on post-planting survival, growth and flowering of three typical shade-tolerant woodland herb species: Galium odoratum, Lamiastrum galeobdolon and Stellaria holostea. Removal of competing weed vegetation did not affect plant performance, but compost addition dramatically increased growth and flowering of all three species during the first two growing seasons, and also increased survival in S. holostea. This positive treatment effect probably derived from a more suitable top soil structure and a higher soil moisture in the compost treatment. We conclude that combined use of planting and composting is an effective method for rapid achievement of profusely flowering carpets of summer-green woodland herbs, which can provide important amenity values in the many woodlands established in and around cities in north-west Europe in recent decades. The method may also be applicable in other woodland restoration projects, where it can promote colonisation by typical shade-tolerant woodland herb species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Sjöman, Henrik
(författare)
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Improving confidence in tree species selection for challenging urban sites: a role for leaf turgor loss
- 2018
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Ingår i: Urban Ecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 21, s. 1171-1188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High species diversity is argued to be the most important requisite for a resilient urban forest. In spite of this, there are many cities in the northern hemisphere that have very limited species diversity within their tree population. Consequently, there is an immense risk to urban canopy cover, if these over-used species succumb to serious pests or pathogens. Recognition of this should motivate the use of less commonly used species. Analysis of plant traits, such as the leaf water potential at turgor loss ((P0)), can provide useful insights into a species' capacity to grow in warm and dry urban environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate (P0) of 45 tree species, the majority of which are rare in urban environments. To help evaluate the potential for using (P0) data to support future decision-making, a survey of professionals engaged with establishing trees in urban environments was also used to assess the relationship between the measured (P0) and the perceived drought tolerance of selected species. This study demonstrates that (P0) gives strong evidence for a species' capacity to tolerate dry growing conditions and is a trait that varies substantially across species. Furthermore, (P0) was shown to closely relate to the experience of professionals involved in establishing trees in urban environments, thus providing evidence of its practical significance. Use of plant traits, such as (P0), should, therefore, give those specifying trees confidence to recommend non-traditional species for challenging urban environments.
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| 44. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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BATAG – en skötselmodell för skogsbryn i infrastrukturmiljöer
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvidgade skötselgator som skapas vid trädsäkring av järnvägar kan röjas selektivt för att utveckla trädsäkra skogsbryn som även kan bidra till naturvården och landskapsbilden. För detta krävs robusta skötselmodeller för skogsbryn anpassade till infrastrukturmiljöer. Baserat på inventering och analys av 78 lokaler stratifierat slumpade längs med hela södra stambanan mellan Malmö och Stockholm, redovisar denna rapport en överblick över artsammansättningen och dess grupperingar längs sträckan. Utifrån detta konceptualiseras och diskuteras BATAG (Röjning av endast Björk, Asp, Tall, Al och Gran) som en skötselmodell för skogsbryn i infrastrukturmiljöer, som inte kräver en stor artkunskap av utföraren men samtidigt gynnar en stor mängd av olika småträd och buskar.
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| 45. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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ForEDGE – en plattform för forskning och demonstration kring utveckling av skogsbryn i infrastrukturmiljöer
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvidgade skötselgator som skapas vid trädsäkring av järnvägar kan röjas selektivt för att utveckla skogsbryn som kan bidra till naturvården och landskapsbilden. För detta krävs robusta skötselmodeller för skogsbryn anpassade till infrastrukturmiljöer. Trafikverket har därför finansierat forskning och utveckling av nya skötselmodeller för skogsbryn. Denna rapport redovisar etableringen av ett fullskaligt skötselförsök - ForEDGE (Forest Edge Development Gradient Experiment) där dessa skötselmodeller har lagts ut på 25 olika lokaler längs Södra stambanan och ger en första preliminär bedömning av dessa modeler.
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| 46. |
- Wiström, Björn
(författare)
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Forest edge development : management and design of forest edges in infrastructure and urban environments
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates design guidelines and management systems for the development of stationary forest edges with a graded profile in infrastructure and urban environments. The spatial restriction for the edge to move forward caused by human land use counteracts the natural dynamics and development patterns of graded forest edges. However graded forest edges with successively increasing height from the periphery to the interior of the forest edge are often seen as ideal as they supports important multiple functions while at the same time keeping hazardous trees away from tracks, roads, power lines and houses. This calls for suitable management systems and design guidelines. This thesis focuses on the woody species assemblies and vegetation structures. Two starting points of forest edge development was investigated in Southern Sweden; 1) Planted designed forest edges in the Landscape Laboratory of Alnarp, and 2) Natural regenerated forest edges, after clearing along a 610 km railway line between Malmö and Stockholm. Based on the studies it is proposed that the planning of active forest edge development should depart from basic abiotic gradients and it is important to incorporate vegetation structure at site and landscape level into the long-term planning. The management and design actions taken in relation to this should acknowledge the importance of controlling tree dominance. Traits and species strategies relating to tolerance of shade, drought, waterlogging, browsing as well as dispersal mode and growth form can be used as interpretive framework for forest edges assembly and to guide management actions. When assembling species in relation to these traits, placement along the cross section of the forest edge should be a central aspect of the planting design. Based on the findings two management systems were conceptualized; Zoned Selective Coppice that departs from threshold heights and spatial zonation, respectively Functional Species Control that focus on control of dominating tree species. Further a guideline for planting principle was conceptualized. Three long term experimental trials have been developed and established to enable controlled evaluation of these management systems and design guidelines.
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| 47. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Forest Edge Regrowth Typologies in Southern Sweden-Relationship to Environmental Characteristics and Implications for Management
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 60, s. 69-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After two major storms, the Swedish Transport Administration was granted permission in 2008 to expand the railroad corridor from 10 to 20 m from the rail banks, and to clear the forest edges in the expanded area. In order to evaluate the possibilities for managers to promote and control the species composition of the woody regrowth so that a forest edge with a graded profile develops over time, this study mapped the woody regrowth and environmental variables at 78 random sites along the 610-km railroad between Stockholm and Malm four growing seasons after the clearing was implemented. Through different clustering approaches, dominant tree species to be controlled and future building block species for management were identified. Using multivariate regression trees, the most decisive environmental variables were identified and used to develop a regrowth typology and to calculate species indicator values. Five regrowth types and ten indicator species were identified along the environmental gradients of soil moisture, soil fertility, and altitude. Six tree species dominated the regrowth across the regrowth types, but clustering showed that if these were controlled by selective thinning, lower tree and shrub species were generally present so they could form the "building blocks" for development of a graded edge. We concluded that selective thinning targeted at controlling a few dominant tree species, here named Functional Species Control, is a simple and easily implemented management concept to promote a wide range of suitable species, because it does not require field staff with specialist taxonomic knowledge.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Snogeholm – the wood in the wood
- 2016
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Ingår i: 'Scape. - 1661-7371. ; 15, s. 98-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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