1.
Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(författare)
Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women. A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Orebro County, Sweden
1991
Ingår i: Am J Epidemiol. - 0002-9262. ; 133:4, s. 338-47
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Orebro County, Sweden, from October 1980 to June 1983, 678 nonsmokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intrauterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.38) compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. This could not be explained by age, previous spontaneous abortion, educational level, planning of pregnancy, or alcohol use. The effect was confined to first-trimester fetal loss (adjusted RR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.23-3.81), while active smoking was associated with intrauterine death after the first trimester. Passive exposure in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) but not with low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both of these outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to fetal development and survival.
2.
Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948
(författare)
Working environment and pregnancy
1991
Ingår i: Jordemodern. - 0021-7468. ; 104:11, s. 406-7
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
3.
Petersson, Göran, 1941
(författare)
Avgasfritt år 2000
1991
Ingår i: Barn och trafik inför år 2000; TFB-Rapport 1991:38; Redaktör Pia Björklid. - 9188370003 ; , s. 73-93
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Rapporten beskriver i ett framåtblickande perspektiv hur människor och särskilt barn utsätts för avgaser från trafik i sin närmiljö. Underrubriker - avgasparentesen; gifterna i trafikavgaser; gifterna i barnen; vad tål barnen; avgasrening räcker inte; barnens luftvärn; bilavgaser och passiv rökning; skolgårdar och lekplatser; avgasfria zoner; handla avgasfritt; gångvägar och cykelbanor; avgaser i bilar och bussar; avgaser inomhus; inversioner och haltmätningar; konstruktiv oro
4.
Ulander, A., et al.
(författare)
Assessment of intermittent trichloroethylene exposure in vapor degreasing
1992
Ingår i: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. - 0002-8894. ; 53:11, s. 742-3
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
To validate various sampling strategies in assessment of trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure, urine and air samples were obtained from 29 metal workers involved in vapor degreasing. Urinary trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol were useful metabolites to estimate TCE exposure on a group basis, but the predictive value of a single urine sample was low when related to the air concentration. With intermittent TCE exposure, the best information is obtained by analyzing both metabolites.
5.
Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
Association between urinary symptoms at 7 years old and previous urinary tract infection.
1991
Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 66:2, s. 232-4
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The association between current micturition habits and previous urinary tract infection was analysed among 3553 school entrants aged 7 years by means of a questionnaire. A high incidence of urinary infection, confirmed by urine culture, was found (145 (8.4%) in the 1719 girls and 32 (1.7%) in the 1834 boys). There was a significant association between current symptoms that were suggestive of disturbed bladder function and previous urinary tract infection, but only among girls who were over 3 years of age at the time the first episode was diagnosed.
6.
7.
Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
Micturition habits and incontinence in 7-year-old Swedish school entrants.
1990
Ingår i: European journal of pediatrics. - 0340-6199. ; 149:6, s. 434-7
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The prevalence of incontinence in children has been extensively studied, but knowledge of other bladder symptoms is lacking in a healthy child population. The micturition habits of 3556 7-year-old school entrants were surveyed by a questionnaire supplemented by telephone interviews. One or more symptoms of a disturbed bladder function was reported in 26%, but most of these had moderate urgency as a sign of incomplete voluntary bladder control. Isolated bedwetting occurred in 2.8% of the girls and 7.0% of the boys, whereas nocturnal incontinence combined with daytime wetting was equally common in both sexes, 2.3% and 2.0% respectively. Diurnal incontinence was reported in 6.0% of the girls and 3.8% of the boys and was usually combined with other symptoms. The frequency of micturition in children without symptoms of bladder disturbance and with no previous urinary tract infection was 3-7 times per day.
8.
Augustsson, Olga, et al.
(författare)
The Johanneberg Study: a Social Survey in an Urban Elderly Population. I. General presentation of the study including an analysis of non-response and identification of risk groups
1993
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicin. ; 22:4, s. 283-92
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This study is the Swedish part of a world-wide transcultural and interdisciplinary study in elderly populations which addresses food habits, health and life-style. The aim of this paper is to present the general design including an analysis of non-response, and to identify risk-groups for intervention programmes. The study comprised 217 noninstitutionalized males (n = 73) and females (n = 144), aged 70 and over (mean age 78 years) in a small urban area. Home visits and clinical examinations with standard methods were used. The participation rate was 76%. Significant differences between non-respondents and respondents could be seen, which may be important when planning health promotion. On the basis of experience during the examinations, a risk-group was identified for prospective and intervention study purpose, based on a multiple variable model and a clinical model.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Ternström, Sten, 1956-
(författare)
Perceptual evaluations of voice scatter in unison choir sounds.
1993
Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 7:2, s. 129-135
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The preferences of experiences listerners for pitch and formant frequency dispersion in unison choir sounds were explored using synthesized stimuli. Two types of dispersion were investigated: (a) pitch scatter, which arises when voices in an ensemble exhibit small differences in mean fundamental frequency, and (b) spectral smear, defined as such dispersion of formants 3 to 5 as arises from differences in vocal tract length. Each stimulus represented a choir section of five bass, tenor, alto, or soprano voices, producing the vowel [u], [a], or [ae]. Subjects chose one dispersion level out of six available, selecting the "maximum tolerable" in a first run and the "preferred" in a second run. The listeners were very different in their tolerance for dispersion. Typical scatter choices were 14 cent standard deviation for "tolerable" and 0 or 5 cent for "preferred." The smear choices were less consistent; the standard deviations were 12 and 7%, respectively. In all modes of assessment, the largest dispersion was chosen for the vowel [u] on a bass tone. There was a vowel effect on the smear choices. The effects of voice category were not significant.
13.
14.
Hansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
The Verbal Interaction Of Swedish Language-Disordered Preschool-Children
1990
Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5076 .- 0269-9206. ; 4:1, s. 39-48
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Results are presented from an ongoing project on Swedish pre-school children with language disorders. The aim of the project is to develop clinically applicable methods for the analysis of grammatical and interactional abilities in children. The methods have been tested in a pilot study of ten dialogues between speech therapists and language disordered children. Results indicate that the grammatical analysis can pinpoint important aspects of development. The interactional analysis describes not only the child's but also the clinician's participation in the dialogue. This provides therapeutic indications as to how the clinician and other adults, e.g. parents and pre-school teachers, can develop their role as a conversational partner in order to promote the child's linguistic and interactional abilities.
15.
Håkansson, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
Developmental sequences in L1 (normal and impaired) and L2 acquisition of Swedish
1993
Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Linguistics. - : Wiley. - 0802-6106 .- 1473-4192. ; 3:2, s. 131-157
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This article presents data from an on-going project comparing L1 and L2 acquisition of Swedish syntax. Within the L1 group, normal as well as specifically language impaired (SLI) children are included; the L2 group consists of pre-school immigrant children. The analyses of the data are made within a second language acquisition perspective with a focus on word order. One basic issue within second language acquisition research is the question of natural developmental sequences, i.e. do all learners follow the same development? Another important issue is whether the development in L2 acquisition is the same as or different from L1 acquisition. Both issues are addressed in the study. The results show interesting similarities between the SLI group and the L2 group. The L1 group differed from the other two groups in important ways. The findings suggest that there is no fundamental difference between L1 and L2 acquisition of syntax, as has been claimed.
16.
Nettelbladt, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
Samtalspartnerns inverkan på barns språk
1990
Ingår i: Samtal och språkundervisning: Studier till Lennart Gustavssons minne. - 917870734X ; , s. 87-103
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
17.
18.
19.
Sahlén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
Context And Comprehension - A Neurolinguistic And Interactional Approach To The Understanding Of Semantic Pragmatic Disorder
1993
Ingår i: European Journal of Disorders of Communication. - : Wiley. - 0963-7273. ; 28:2, s. 117-140
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
In the present study we provide thorough descriptions of two children with a semantic-pragmatic disorder, a subgroup within the group of specific and severe developmental language disorders, from a neurolinguistic and interactional perspective. We argue that the pragmatic problems, at least in these two girls, are most probably secondary to their semantic'conceptual deficit. If sufficient contextual cues are provided comprehension is improved and, as a consequence, the pragmatic problems are reduced.
20.
Sahlén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
On language production in severe developmental language disorders and the concept of linguistic levels. A longitudinal study of ten children with severe development language disorders
1993
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Logopedics & Phoniatrics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-5032. ; 18:1, s. 15-28
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
On the basis of a neurolinguistic assessment procedure (Holmberg and Sahlen, 1986) ten children with severe and specific developmental language disorders (DLD) were studied over a four-year period. Initially they all showed global language problems which, in the course of development, became more specific. Although there were considerable differences in the neurolinguistic profiles, some general patterns were hypothesized. The linguistic analysis revealed some speech production correlates to these patterns. The results of the segmental phonological analysis and the grammatical analysis, however, did not reflect the differences between the neurolinguistic patterns. We argue that other, more dynamic aspects of language production, i.e. sentence prosody and speech rate, may better discriminate between children with different neurolinguistic patterns. A process-oriented approach to grammatical error analysis and the concept of linguistic levels are discussed.
21.
Sahlén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
Patterns of vulnerability of language in children with severe developmental language disorders
1992
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Logopedics & Phoniatrics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-5032. ; 17:2, s. 77-85
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Language disordered children with receptive language problems have worse outcome and also more severe problems in other areas of language than children with isolated expressive problems according to “the hypothesis of hierarchical vulnerability” formulated by Bishop and Edmundson (1987). We studied ten children with specific and severe developmental language disorders (DLD) longitudinally and found that the hypothesis was tenable with regard to the predictions about outcome. We also found that among children in the phonologic-syntactic subgroup (Rapin and Allen, 1983), children with poor comprehension and poor lexical-semantic ability had the most severe problems of syntax. Phonological production at ages 5 or 6 was not correlated to phonological production at age 8. Oral motor function, however, turned out to be an important prognostic factor for phonological outcome. The present findings call for revised methodological routines and therapeutical priorities regarding children with severe DLD.
22.
Sahlén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
Severe Developmental Language Disorder - Reading And Spelling - A Longitudinal-Study Of 2 Nonidentical Twins
1990
Ingår i: Reading and Writing. - 0922-4777. ; 2:4, s. 269-295
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Linguistic awareness i.e. the ability to identify phonemes, to segment words into syllables and to rhyme is highly correlated with reading/spelling proficiency. Children with severe developmental language disorders DLD (syntagmatic type) have been shown to specifically lack linguistic awareness. Two non-identical twin boys with severe, specific DLD were studied longitudinally with respect to their linguistic, neurolinguistic and pragmatic development. In spite of poor linguistic awareness, the boys acquired normal reading/spelling skills. This might be due to the early and massive language training they were given. However, the boys differ considerably in some aspects of reading and spelling performance. These findings are discussed with reference to their different neurolinguistic and pragmatic profiles.
23.
24.
Wood, Sidney A J, et al.
(författare)
A video-based system for recording speech movements in three dimensions.
1993
Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - 1464-5076. ; 7:4, s. 269-273
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
An examination of speech articulator movement used a video-based system for tracking & recording movement in three dimensions - the MacReflex(R). The system is noninvasive with no hazardous radiation or electromagnetic field, & no wires to impede movement. The facility is currently used at the Depts of Clinical Neurophysiology & Clinical Oral Physiology, U of Umea, to study strategies for motor control of precise movement in the hand, neck, & mandible, & in various neurological disabilities.
