| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Etiska aspekter på regenerativ medicin : Ethical aspects on regenerative medicine
- 2003
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Ingår i: SNIB-konferensen 2003, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, 16-18 maj 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom den regenerativa medicinen strävar man efter att ersätta skadat eller sjukligt biologiskt mänskligt material (celler, organ, kroppsdelar) med nya biologiska komponenter. Området aktualiserar en rad etiska frågeställningar vad gäller (1) produktionen av ersättningsmaterialet (t.ex. embryonala stamceller eller införskaffande av transplantationsvävnad från donatorer), (2) risker i samband med försök på människa (genmodifierat material, material från djur), samt (3) gränserna för hur långt man bör gå i denna slags försök att förlänga människans livsspann. Föredraget ger en kort översikt över dessa frågeställningar, ståndpunkter och argument i debatten kring dem.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Groglopo, Adrián, 1967
(författare)
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Hälsa, vård och strukturell diskriminering
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antologin behandlar den strukturella diskrimineringens inverkan på hälsotillstånd samt tillgång till en adekvat hälsa- och sjukvård för personer med utländsk bakgrund. Antologins olika bidrag ger viktiga insikter om hur den strukturella diskrimineringen tar sig uttryck och om dess konsekvenser.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955
(författare)
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Homeorhesis and evolutionary properties of living systems: From ordinary differential equations to the active-particle generalized kinetics theory
- 2006
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Ingår i: 10th Evolutionary Biology Meeting at Marseilles, 20-22 September 2006, Marseilles, France.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced generalized-kinetic-theory (GKT) models for biological systems are developed for populations of active (or living) particles [1]-[5]. These particles are described with both the stochastic variables common in kinetic theory (such as time, the particle random location and velocity) and the stochastic variables related to the internal states of an active particle. Evolution of these states represents biological, ecological, or social properties of the particle behavior. Paper [6] analyzes a number of the well-known statistical-mechanics approaches and shows that the active-particle GKT (APGKT) is the only treatment capable of modelling living systems. Work [2] summarizes the significance of the notion of an active particle in kinetic models. This notion draws attention to the features distinguishing living matter from nonliving matter. They are discussed by many authors (e.g., [7]-[15], [1]-[3], [6], [16]-[18]). Work [11] considers a lot of differences between living and nonliving matters, and the limitations of the modelling approaches developed for nonliving matter. Work [6] mainly focuses on the comparison of a few theoretical mechanics treatments in terms of the key living-matter properties formulated in [15]. One of the necessary properties of the evolution of living systems is homeorhesis. It is, loosely speaking, a peculiar qualitative and quantitative insensitivity of a living system to the exogenous signals acting on it. The earlier notion, homeostasis, was introduced by W. B. Cannon in 1926 who discussed the phenomenon in detail later [7]. Homeorhesis introduced by C. H. Waddington [8, p. 32] generalizes homeostasis and is well known in biology [8], [9], [12]. It is an inherent part of mathematical models for oncogeny (e.g., [16]-[18], [6, Appendix]). Homeorhesis is also discussed in [3, Section 4] in connection with APGKT. Homeorhesis is documented in ecology (e.g., [11], [13, the left column on p. 675]) where it is one of the key notions of the strong Gaia theory, a version of the Gaia theory (e.g., [14, Chapter 8]). The strong Gaia theory “states that the planet with its life, a single living system, is regulated in certain aspects by that life” [14, p. 124]. The very origin of the name “Gaia” is related to homeorhesis or homeostasis [14, p. 118]. These notions are also used in psychology and sociology. If evolution of a system is not homeorhetic, the system can not be living. Work [6, Appendix] derives a preliminary mathematical formulation of homeorhesis in terms of the simplest dynamical systems, i.e. ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The present work complements, extended, and further specify the approach of [6, Appendix]. The work comprises the two main parts. The first part develops the sufficient conditions for ODE systems to describe homeorhesis, and suggests a fairly general structure of the ODE model. It regards homeorhesis as piecewise homeostasis. The model can be specified in different ways depending on specific systems and specific purposes of the analysis. An example of the specification is also noted (the PhasTraM nonlinear reaction-diffusion model for hyperplastic oncogeny [16]-[18]). The second part of the work discusses implementation of the above homeorhesis ODE model in terms of a special version [3] of APGKT (see above). The key feature of this version is that the components of a living population need not be discrete: the subdivision into the components is described with a general, continuous-discrete probability distribution (see also [6]). This enables certain properties of living matter noted in [15]. Moreover, the corresponding APGKT model presents a system of, firstly, a generalized kinetic equation for the conditional distribution function conditioned by the internal states of the population and, secondly, Ito's stochastic differential equations for these states. This treatement employs the results on nonstationary invariant diffusion stochastic processes [19]. The second part of the work also stresses that APGKT is substantially more important for the living-matter analysis than in the case of nonliving matter. One of the reasons is certain limitations in experimental sampling of the living-system modes presented with stochastic processes. A few directions for future research are suggested as well. REFERENCES: [1] Bellomo, N., Bellouquid, A. and Delitala, M., 2004, Mathematical topics on the modelling complex multicellular systems and tumor immune cells competition, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 14, 1683-1733. [2] Bellomo, N., 2006, New hot Paper Comments, Essential Science Indicators, http://www.esi-topics.com/nhp/2006 /may- 06-NicolaBellomo.html. [3] Willander, M., Mamontov, E. and Chiragwandi, Z., 2004, Modelling living fluids with the subdivision into the components in terms of probability distributions, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 14, 1495-1520. [4] Bellomo, N. and Maini, P.K., 2005, Preface and the Special Issue “Multiscale Cancer Modelling-A New Frontier in Applied Mathematics”, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 15, iii-viii. [5] De Angelis, E. and Delitala, M., 2006, Modelling complex systems in applied sciences: Methods and tools of the mathematical kinetic theory for active particles. Mathl Comput. Modelling, 43, 1310-1328. [6] Mamontov, E., Psiuk-Maksymowicz, K. and Koptioug, A., 2006, Stochastic mechanics in the context of the properties of living systems, Mathl Comput. Modelling, Article in Press, 13 pp. [7] Cannon, W.B., 1932, The Wisdom of the Body (New York: Norton). [8] Waddington, C.H., 1957, The Strategy of the Genes. A Discussion of Some Aspects of Theoretical Biology (London, George Allen and Unwin). [9] Waddington, C.H., 1968, Towards a theoretical biology, Nature, 218, 525-527. [10] Cotnoir, P.-A., 1981, La compétence environnementale: Une affaire d’adaptation. Séminaire en écologie behaviorale, Univeristé du Québec, Montralé. Available online at: http://pac.cam.org/culture.doc . [11] O’Neill, R.V., DeAngelis, D.L., Waide, J.B. and Allen, T.F.H., 1986, A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press). [12] Sauvant, D., 1992, La modélisation systémique en nutrition, Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 32, 217-230. [13] Christensen, N.L., Bartuska, A.M., Brown, J.H., Carpenter, S., D'Antonio, C., Francis, R., Franklin, J.F., MacMahon, J.A., Noss, R.F., Parsons, D.J., Peterson, C.H., Turner, M.G. and Woodmansee, R.G., 1996, The Report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management, Ecological Applications, 6, 665-691. Available online at: http://www.esa.org/pao/esaPositions/Papers/ReportOfSBEM.php. [14] Margulis, L., 1998, Symbiotic Planet. A New Look at Evolution (Amherst: Sciencewriters). [15] Hartwell, L.H., Hopfield, J.J., Leibler, S. and Murray, A.W., 1999, From molecular to modular cell biology, Nature, 402, C47-C52. [16] Mamontov, E., Koptioug, A.V. and Psiuk-Maksymowicz, K., 2006, The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell- number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis, Acta Biotheoretica, 54, 44 pp., (no. 2, May-June, accepted). [17] Psiuk-Maksymowicz, K. and Mamontov, E., 2005, The time-slices method for rapid solving the Cauchy problem for nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations in the competition of homeorhesis with genotoxically activated hyperplasia, In: European Conference on Mathematical and Theoretical Biology - ECMTB05 (July 18-22, 2005) Book of Abstracts, Vol.1 (Dresden: Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Dresden Univ. Technol.), p. 429 (http://www.ecmtb05.org/). [18] Psiuk-Maksymowicz, K. and Mamontov, E., 2006, The homeorhesis-based modelling and fast numerical analysis for oncogenic hyperplasia under radiation therapy, submitted. [19] Mamontov, E., 2005, Nonstationary invariant distributions and the hydrodynamic-style generalization of the Kolmogorov-forward/Fokker-Planck equation, Appl. Math. Lett. 18 (9) 976-982.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell-number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Biotheoretica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-5342 .- 1572-8358. ; 54:2, s. 61-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oncogenic hyperplasia is the first and inevitable stage of formation of a (solid) tumor. This stage is also the core of many other proliferative diseases. The present work proposes the first minimal model that combines homeorhesis with oncogenic hyperplasia where the latter is regarded as a genotoxically activated homeorhetic dysfunction. This dysfunction is specified as the transitions of the fluid of cells from a fluid, homeorhetic state to a solid, hyperplastic-tumor state, and back. The key part of the model is a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation (RDE) where the biochemical-reaction rate is generalized to the one in the well-known Schlögl physical theory of the non-equilibrium phase transitions. A rigorous analysis of the stability and qualitative aspects of the model, where possible, are presented in detail. This is related to the spatially homogeneous case, i.e. when the above RDE is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The mentioned genotoxic activation is treated as a prevention of the quiescent G0-stage of the cell cycle implemented with the threshold mechanism that employs the critical concentration of the cellular fluid and the nonquiescent-cell-duplication time. The continuous tumor morphogeny is described by a time-space-dependent cellular-fluid concentration. There are no sharp boundaries (i.e. no concentration jumps exist) between the domains of the homeorhesis- and tumor-cell populations. No presumption on the shape of a tumor is used. To estimate a tumor in specific quantities, the model provides the time-dependent tumor locus, volume, and boundary that also points out the tumor shape and size. The above features are indispensable in the quantitative development of antiproliferative drugs or therapies and strategies to prevent oncogenic hyperplasia in cancer and other proliferative diseases. The work proposes an analytical-numerical method for solving the aforementioned RDE. A few topics for future research are suggested.
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| 9. |
- Hassellöv, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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REACH missar nano!
- 2009
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning. ; 2009:3-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Oncogenic hyperplasia caused by combination of various factors: A decision-support software for radionuclide therapy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Workshop "Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Cancer Invasion of Tissues", Mar 26, 2007 - Mar 30, 2007, Dundee, Scotland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work deals with the software based on the PhasTraM model [1] for oncogenic hyperplasia, the first stage of formation of any solid tumor. The work generalizes the related results of [2]-[6] and discusses application of the software for decision support in radionuclide therapy. The software capabilities to allow for combinations of various causes of oncogeny are emphasized. The causes comprise inflammation, immune dysfunction, and chronic psychological stress. The immune dysfunction is represented with hypogammaglobulenimia expressed in terms of the concentration of the immunoglobulin-G molecules. The level of chronic pychological stress is described with the concentration of the interleukin-6 molecules. The work considers how application of the software can support decisions on the specific radionuclide-therapy setting depending on the tissue-, organ-, and patient-specific data. This is illustrated by a number of numerical-simulation results, also the ones which include the effects of common and fractionation-based radionuclide-therapy modalities. A proper attention is paid to how specifically the input data can be prepared by prospective users of the software, i.e. the specialists who apply radionuclide therapy. The work also formulates a few directions for future research in connection with the features of the everyday work of the prospective users. REFERENCES: [1] E. Mamontov, K. Psiuk-Maksymowicz, A. Koptioug, 2006, Stochastic mechanics in the context of the properties of living systems, Mathl Comput. Modelling, 44(7-8) 595-607. [2] E. Mamontov, A. V. Koptioug, K. Psiuk-Maksymowicz, 2006, The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell-number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis, Acta Biotheoretica, 54(2) 61-101. [3] K. Psiuk-Maksymowicz and E. Mamontov, 2006, The homeorhesis-based modelling and fast numerical analysis for oncogenic hyperplasia under radiotherapy, Mathl Comput. Modelling, Special Issue
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Ethical Aspects
- 2006
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic traits of embryos are detected before the initiation of pregnancy. Although tampering with embryos is morally controversial, this procedure may seem to reduce ethical problems in prenatal diagnosis by offering the possibility of selecting offspring, on the basis of genetic information, more efficiently and without any need to consider abortion. However, counseling of patients becomes more complicated, and the procedure may seem to make the outside influence of their decisions easier to both achieve and justify. As a consequence, preimplantation genetic diagnosis raises concerns about the connection between the preselection of children on genetic grounds and the discrimination of disabled people. Moreover, it introduces the new ethical problem of whether or not the selection of future children on the basis of nonpathological traits should be acceptable practice.
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| 17. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Ethical Aspects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470066515
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic traits of embryos are detected before the initiation of pregnancy. Although tampering with embryos is morally controversial, this procedure may seem to reduce ethical problems in prenatal diagnosis by offering the possibility of selecting offspring, on the basis of genetic information, more efficiently and without any need to consider abortion. However, counseling of patients becomes more complicated, and the procedure may seem to make the outside influence of their decisions easier to both achieve and justify. As a consequence, preimplantation genetic diagnosis raises concerns about the connection between the preselection of children on genetic grounds and the discrimination of disabled people. Moreover, it introduces the new ethical problem of whether or not the selection of future children on the basis of nonpathological traits should be acceptable practice.
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| 18. |
- Dahlin, Andreas, 1980
(författare)
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Nanoplasmonic Biosensors compatible with Artificial Cell Membranes
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within life science, there is currently an intense search for novel techniques that enable efficient and reliable analysis of biomolecular interactions. Such methods have future applications within medical diagnostics and drug development, as well as within proteomic research in general. Lately, several concepts have emerged that are based on monitoring molecular binding to surfaces via optical, mechanical or electrical signal transduction. In particular, the plasmons associated with metallic nanoparticles are of interest since they offer a convenient way to monitor biomolecular interactions, also in a miniaturized format, by optical spectroscopy.This thesis describes the development of a biosensor based on the optical properties of nanoscale apertures in continuous metal films. The fabrication and characterization of the nanostructure is described, as well as surface modification protocols based on thiol chemistry for material-specific functionalization. In addition, an experimental setup for spectroscopy is presented together with data analysis algorithms for minimizing noise.It is emphasized that, from an experimental sensing perspective, nanoholes and nanoparticles have essentially the same plasmonic properties. However, the nanoholes offer several advantages because of the fact that the structure is physically different. In particular, it is shown how various artificial cell membranes can be spontaneously formed inside nanoholes. This makes the sensor compatible with studies of processes related to biological membranes. In this context, membrane-bound proteins are of special interest since they constitute a third of our genome and represent the target of half of the most common medical drugs. Potential future applications of the artificial membranes on the plasmonic nanostructures are discussed, with focus on probing transport across the membrane.
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Blood supply and oxidative metabolism in muscle biopsies of female cleaners with and without myalgia
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 20:6, s. 440-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Pathomechanisms of work-related myalgia are poorly understood. Myalgia is thought to be caused by excitation of nociceptors present in the muscular tissue but not in the muscle fiber itself. Muscle contraction in combination with hypoxia is known to excite nociceptors. Morphologic analysis can contribute to the knowledge of the excitation of nociceptors. This study thoroughly examines the morphology of the trapezius muscle's capillary supply and signs of disturbed oxidative metabolism to understand their role in work-related myalgia. METHODS: Surgical trapezius muscle biopsies were obtained from 25 female cleaners with long-standing work-related myalgia, 25 female cleaners without trapezius myalgia, and 21 healthy teachers. Enzyme and immunohistochemical stainings were performed to highlight fibers with aberrant intermyofibrillar patterns, indicating a disturbed oxidative metabolism (also known as moth-eaten fibers) and a disturbed capillary supply of different fibers. RESULTS: A significantly lower number of capillaries per fiber area in cleaners suffering from myalgia compared with cleaners without trapezius myalgia was found. Moth-eaten fibers were found in the 3 groups, but these fibers were significantly more prevalent in the groups of cleaners than in the healthy teacher group. CONCLUSION: This work indicates that the capillary supply of trapezius is affected in work-related trapezius myalgia. More studies are needed to understand possible mechanisms that would explain the occurrence of moth-eaten fibers.
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| 20. |
- Ponsot, Elodie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle telomere length is not impaired in healthy physically active old women and men
- 2008
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Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 37:4, s. 467-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that the number of satellite cells is lower in old than young men and women. The aim of this study was to further explore the effects of aging on the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle in 16 young and 26 old men and women with comparable physical activity level (young, 25 +/- 4 years; old, 75 +/- 4 years). Mean and minimum telomere lengths were determined using Southern blot analyses on biopsies obtained from the tibialis anterior muscle. There were no significant age or gender effects on mean and minimal telomeric lengths, suggesting that the replicative potential in the remaining satellite cells in the tibialis anterior muscle is not impaired with increasing age and the existence of in vivo regulatory mechanisms allowing the maintenance of telomere length. These results imply that moderate physical activity regularly performed by old subjects is not associated with accelerated telomere loss.
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| 21. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
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Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men
- 2004
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Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 29:1, s. 120-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.
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| 22. |
- Follér, Maj-Lis, 1946
(författare)
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Interactions between global processes and local health problems. A human ecology approach to health among indigenous groups in the Amazon
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cadernos de Saúde Pública (Reports in public health). - 0102-311X. ; 17:supplement, s. 116-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with methodological issues and how to link global processes - social and ecological - with environmental changes and human health in local communities. The discussion concerns how interdisciplinary approaches can help us find tools to develop new knowledge. Scientific knowledge and local knowledge are not seen as opposite epistemological forms, but as socially and culturally constructed. Power and social legitimacy have to be included when analyzing how to deal with the interaction between global processes and local environmental change and the health/disease interface.
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| 23. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
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The behaviour of satellite cells in response to exercise : what have we learned from human studies?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Pflügers Archiv. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6768 .- 1432-2013. ; 451:2, s. 319-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding the complex role played by satellite cells in the adaptive response to exercise in human skeletal muscle has just begun. The development of reliable markers for the identification of satellite cell status (quiescence/activation/proliferation) is an important step towards the understanding of satellite cell behaviour in exercised human muscles. It is hypothesised currently that exercise in humans can induce (1) the activation of satellite cells without proliferation, (2) proliferation and withdrawal from differentiation, (3) proliferation and differentiation to provide myonuclei and (4) proliferation and differentiation to generate new muscle fibres or to repair segmental fibre injuries. In humans, the satellite cell pool can increase as early as 4 days following a single bout of exercise and is maintained at higher level following several weeks of training. Cessation of training is associated with a gradual reduction of the previously enhanced satellite cell pool. In the elderly, training counteracts the normal decline in satellite cell number seen with ageing. When the transcriptional activity of existing myonuclei reaches its maximum, daughter cells generated by satellite cell proliferation are involved in protein synthesis by enhancing the number of nuclear domains. Clearly, delineating the events and the mechanisms behind the activation of satellite cells both under physiological and pathological conditions in human skeletal muscles remains an important challenge.
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| 24. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966
(författare)
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Knallepulver, sockerbitar och mjältbrand. Mystiska budskap från knallar, baroner och misstänkta terrorister
- 2002
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Ingår i: Svensk etnologisk tidskrift (Kulturella Perspektiv). - 1102-7908. ; 11:2, s. 2-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Concepts such as horror, threat and anxiety have become important in media history and in the risk society. This study deals with arsenic poisoning, anthrax attacks and trading with poision in the old and the modern society. Terrorism has developed in society and affects indivuals´life and welfare. Terrorism has also become a part of the media coverage and crisis journalism. The horror of poisoning is a part of history and will continue to be constructed as leading prime time news in the future.
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| 25. |
- Ambrosio, Fabrisia, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of muscle loading on skeletal muscle regenerative potential : an update of current research findings relating to aging and neuromuscular pathology
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 88:2, s. 145-155
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue with a remarkable ability to continuously respond to environmental stimuli. Among its adaptive responses is the widely investigated ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate after loading or injury or both. Although significant basic science efforts have been dedicated to better understand the underlying mechanism controlling skeletal muscle regeneration, there has been relatively little impact in the clinical approaches used to treat skeletal muscle injuries and wasting. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the basic biology of satellite cell function in response to muscle loading and to relate these findings in the context of aging and neuromuscular pathology for the rehabilitation medicine specialist.
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| 26. |
- Pontén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Higher amount of MyHC IIX in a wrist flexor in tetraplegic compared to hemiplegic cerebral palsy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 266:1-2, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spastic cerebral palsy can be divided into diagnostic groups by the relative severity of the arm impairment. This study investigates if hemiplegic, tetraplegic or diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) results in different patterns of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle from 17 young patients with CP. Using enzyme-immunohistochemistry and gel electrophoresis techniques we found a higher percentage of fibers expressing fast MyHC IIx (52%) in tetraplegic CP compared to hemiplegic patients (32%), (p < 0.05). Tetraplegic CP also resulted in a lower amount of fibers expressing slow MyHC I (18%) compared to hemiplegic CP (40%), (p < 0.005). The proportion of muscle fibers containing fetal MyHC was higher in tetraplegic CP compared to other groups, (p < 0.005). Taken together theses results indicate that tetraplegic CP is associated with a shift from slow to fast myosins and that regenerative events are more prominent in tetraplegic CP compared with milder brain damage.
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| 27. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study of coeliac disease, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 25:11, s. 1317-1327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIt has been suggested that coeliac disease (CD) is associated with several neurological diseases. However, the evidence of such an association is inconclusive as earlier research has often been based on small numbers with retrospective data collection.AimTo use Cox regression to examine the risk of neurological disease in individuals with CD.MethodsThrough Swedish national registers we identified some 14 000 individuals with a diagnosis of CD (1964–2003) and 70 000 reference individuals matched for age, sex, calendar year and county.ResultsCoeliac disease was associated with later polyneuropathy [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.4; 95% CI = 2.3–5.1]. We found no statistically significant association between CD and subsequent multiple sclerosis (HR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.3–2.3), Parkinson’s disease (HR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.8–1.9), Alzheimer’s disease (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.9–2.6), hereditary ataxia (HR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.5–3.6), the symptom ataxia (HR = 1.9; 95% CI = 0.6–6.2), Huntington’s disease (HR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.3–8.6), myasthenia gravis (HR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.2–3.8) or spinal muscular atrophy (HR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.1–3.8). Prior polyneuropathy was associated with subsequent CD (odds ratio = 5.4; 95% CI = 3.6–8.2).ConclusionsThe association between CD and polyneuropathy indicates shared risks. We suggest that individuals with polyneuropathy routinely undergo screening for CD. There is no notable association between CD and other neurological outcomes investigated in this study.
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| 28. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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What stochastic mechanics are relevant to the study of living systems?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B: Natural, Exact and Applied Sciences. - Riga, Latvia : Latvian Academy of Sciences. - 1407-009X. ; 59:6, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologists have identified many features of living systems which cannot be studied by application of fundamental statistical mechanics (FSM). The present work focuses on some of these features. By discussing all the basic approaches of FSM, the work formulates the extension of the kinetic-theory paradigm (based on the reduced one-particle distribution function) that possesses all the considered properties of the living systems. This extension appears to be a model within the generalized-kinetic theory developed by N. Bellomo and his co-authors. In connection with this model, the work also stresses some other features necessary for making the model relevant to living systems. An example is discussed, which is a generalized kinetic equation coupled with the probability-density equation which represents the varying component content of a living system. The work also suggests directions for future research.
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Community-Level Analysis of psbA Gene Sequences and Irgarol Tolerance in Marine Periphyton
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 75:4, s. 897-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes psbA gene sequences, predicted D1 protein sequences, species relative abundance, and pollution-induced community tolerance in marine periphyton communities exposed to the antifouling compound Irgarol 1051. The mechanism of action of Irgarol is the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport at photosystem II by binding to the D1 protein. The metagenome of the communities was used to produce clone libraries containing fragments of the psbA gene encoding the D1 protein. Community tolerance was quantified with a short-term test for the inhibition of photosynthesis. The communities were established in a continuous flow of natural seawater through microcosms with or without added Irgarol. The selection pressure from Irgarol resulted in an altered species composition and an inducted community tolerance to Irgarol. Moreover, there was a very high diversity in the psbA gene sequences in the periphyton, and the composition of psbA and D1 fragments within the communities was dramatically altered by increased Irgarol exposure. Even though tolerance to this type of compound in land plants often depends on a single amino acid substitution (Ser(264)-> Gly) in the D1 protein, this was not the case for marine periphyton species. Instead, the tolerance mechanism likely involves increased degradation of D1. When we compared sequences from low and high Irgarol exposure, differences in nonconserved amino acids were found only in the so-called PEST region of D1, which is involved in regulating its degradation. Our results suggest that environmental contamination with Irgarol has led to selection for high-turnover D1 proteins in marine periphyton communities at the west coast of Sweden.
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| 30. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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GenEtica Reproducerii : The GenEthics of Reproduction
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book comprises three parts: (1) a general presentation and analysis of the main relevant concepts: bioethics, human genetic engineering, eugenics, disability and, particularly, of the relations between these; (2) the analysis of two documents of the Council of Europe (the so called “Bioethics Convention” and its first protocol), and the reconstruction of the debates surrounding their primary concerns: human dignity and rights in relation to the prospect of human genetic engineering; and (3) the analysis of a Romanian draft law on human assisted reproduction and of the Romanian legislative endeavours and debates regarding human genetic engineering.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Pasupuleti, Mukesh, et al.
(författare)
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Preservation of Antimicrobial Properties of Complement Peptide C3a, from Invertebrates to Humans
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 282:4, s. 2520-2528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human anaphylatoxin peptide C3a, generated during complement activation, exerts antimicrobial effects. Phylogenetic analysis, sequence analyses, and structural modeling studies paired with antimicrobial assays of peptides from known C3a sequences showed that, in particular in vertebrate C3a, crucial structural determinants governing antimicrobial activity have been conserved during the evolution of C3a. Thus, regions of the ancient C3a from Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda as well as corresponding parts of human C3a exhibited helical structures upon binding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide permeabilized liposomes and were antimicrobial against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Human C3a and C4a (but not C5a) were antimicrobial, in concert with the separate evolutionary development of the chemotactic C5a. Thus, the results demonstrate that, notwithstanding a significant sequence variation, functional and structural constraints imposed on C3a during evolution have preserved critical properties governing antimicrobial activity.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Selected Champions: Making Winners in the Age of Genetic Technology
- 2000
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Ingår i: Tamburrini, C M & Tännsjö, T (eds.), Values in Sport: Elitism, Nationalism, Gender Equality and the Scientific Manufacture of Winners. - London & New York : E & FN SPON. - 0419253602 ; , s. 217-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most lively current controversies within sports concerns those interventions with the human body (and mind) that are acceptable in a 'fair competition' and those that are not so acceptable. On the philosophical level, this issue actualises the more basic query regarding the underlying criteria for demarcation between acceptable and unacceptable interventions. Traditionally, the controversies in this field have regarded intake of achievement-enhancing substances (some, like water, are allowed; others, like steroids, are prohibited and yet others, like transfusion of one's own blood from a period of 'top shape', are controversial), but also peculiar forms of 'designed environment' in training (such as the 'low oxygen, low airpressure' house made so famous by the Norwegian cross-country skier Björn Dählie). In this paper I will take the discussion at least one step beyond these issues and consider the prospect of using various forms of gene technology in the making of winners in elite sports. The second section of the chapter describes various oportunities to use gene technology in sports. As will be evident, genetic interventions may proceed in very different ways, and it is not obvious that they can all be treated alike in the context of sports. In the third section, I discuss to what extent ideals and values within sports used to back up reasons for prohibiting doping may also be a basis for rejecting genetic interventions. My conclusion, summed up the last section, is that this may be plausible regarding some interventions, but not by a long way is it plausible regarding them all. In fact, genetic interventions in order to enhance athletic achievement in many ways seem to promote important values within sports! Moreover, even for those interventions which in theory may be classified as analogous to doping, in practice it will often be impossible to check whether or not an athlete has made use of them.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Midlöv, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Medication report reduces number of medication errors when elderly patients are discharged from hospital
- 2008
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Ingår i: PHARMACY WORLD & SCIENCE. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 30:1, s. 92-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether a Medication Report can reduce the number of medication errors when elderly patients are discharged from hospital. Method We conducted a prospective intervention with retrospective controls on patients at three departments at Lund University Hospital, Sweden that where transferred to primary care. The intervention group, where patients received a Medication Report at discharge, was compared with a control group with patients of the same age, who were not given a Medication Report when discharged from the same ward one year earlier. Main outcome measures The main outcome measure was the number of medication errors when elderly patients were discharged from hospital. Results Among 248 patients in the intervention group 79 (32%) had at least one medication error as compared with 118 (66%) among the 179 patients in the control group. In the intervention group 15% of the patients had errors that were considered to have moderate or high risk of clinical consequences compared with 32% in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion Medication errors are common when elderly patients are discharged from hospital. The Medication Report is a simple tool that reduces the number of medication errors.
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| 41. |
- Karlsson, Isabella, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Photodegradation of Dibenzoylmethanes: Potential Cause of Photocontact Allergy to Sunscreens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 22:11, s. 1881-1892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most frequently observed photoallergens today is the sunscreen agent 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane (1a). The structurally similar compound, 4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane (1b), was a common cause of sunscreen allergy in the eighties and early nineties but was removed from the market in 1993 and replaced with dibenzoylmethane 1a. We have studied the photodegradation of the dibenzoylmethane 1a, to better understand how these substances cause an immune reaction. Several expected degradation products were formed and identified. Of these, arylglyoxals and benzils were of particular interest because they were unexplored as potential contact allergens. The allergenic potential of photodegraded 1a was evaluated by screening the formed arylglyoxals and benzils for their sensitizing capacity in the murine local lymph node assay. The arylglyoxals were found to be strong sensitizers. They were also found to be highly reactive toward the nucleophile arginine, which indicates that the immunogenic hapten-protein complex could be formed via an electrophilic-nucleophilic pathway. By varying the electron-withdrawing or -donating capacity of the substituent in the para position of the arylglyoxal, the electronic effects were shown to have no significant impact on either the sensitizing or the electrophilic power of arylglyoxals. Thus, a change in the substitution pattern of the parent dibenzoylmethane will not influence the sensitizing capacity of the products formed from them upon photodegradation. Furthermore, the combined studies of benzils, using the local lymph node assay and a cell proliferation assay, indicate that the benzils are cytotoxic rather than allergenic. Taken together, this study presents strong indication that photocontact allergy to dibenzoylmethanes is caused by the arylglyoxals that are formed upon photodegradation.
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| 42. |
- Olsen, Steen, et al.
(författare)
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Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 573:Pt 2, s. 525-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the influence of creatine and protein supplementation on satellite cell frequency and number of myonuclei in human skeletal muscle during 16 weeks of heavy-resistance training. In a double-blinded design 32 healthy, male subjects (19-26 years) were assigned to strength training (STR) while receiving a timed intake of creatine (STR-CRE) (n=9), protein (STR-PRO) (n=8) or placebo (STR-CON) (n=8), or serving as a non-training control group (CON) (n=7). Supplementation was given daily (STR-CRE: 6-24 g creatine monohydrate, STR-PRO: 20 g protein, STR-CON: placebo). Furthermore, timed protein/placebo intake were administered at all training sessions. Muscle biopsies were obtained at week 0, 4, 8 (week 8 not CON) and 16 of resistance training (3 days per week). Satellite cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. Muscle mean fibre (MFA) area was determined after histochemical analysis. All training regimes were found to increase the proportion of satellite cells, but significantly greater enhancements were observed with creatine supplementation at week 4 (compared to STR-CON) and at week 8 (compared to STR-PRO and STR-CON) (P<0.01-0.05). At week 16, satellite cell number was no longer elevated in STR-CRE, while it remained elevated in STR-PRO and STR-CON. Furthermore, creatine supplementation resulted in an increased number of myonuclei per fibre and increases of 14-17% in MFA at week 4, 8 and 16 (P<0.01). In contrast, STR-PRO showed increase in MFA only in the later (16 week, +8%) and STR-CON only in the early (week 4, +14%) phases of training, respectively (P<0.05). In STR-CRE a positive relationship was found between the percentage increases in MFA and myonuclei from baseline to week 16, respectively (r=0.67, P<0.05). No changes were observed in the control group (CON). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates for the first time that creatine supplementation in combination with strength training amplifies the training-induced increase in satellite cell number and myonuclei concentration in human skeletal muscle fibres, thereby allowing an enhanced muscle fibre growth in response to strength training.
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| 43. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Coeliac disease and the risk of fractures : a general population-based cohort study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - Oxford : Blackwell Scientific. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 25:3, s. 273-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Earlier studies have suggested that untreated coeliac disease may be associated with osteoporosis, but results are contradictory for the risk of long-term fractures.Aim: To study the association between coeliac disease and fractures.Methods: We used Cox regresson to examine the future risk of hip fracture and fracture of any type in more than 13 000 individuals with coeliac disease and 65 000 age- and sex-matched reference individuals in a general population-based cohort.Results: During follow-up, 1365 first hip fractures and 4847 fractures of any type occurred. Coeliac disease was positively associated with subsequent hip fracture (hazard ratio = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.8-2.4) (in children: hazard ratio = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.1-6.2) and fractures of any type (hazard ratio = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.3-1.5) (in children: hazard ratio = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0-1.2). The absolute excess risk of hip fractures in children with coeliac disease was 4/100 000 person-years. Incidence ratios for hip fracture in individuals with CD were around two both prior to diagnosis of coeliac disease and afterwards; this risk increase remained 20 years after diagnosis of coeliac disease.Conclusions: Individuals with coeliac disease, including children with coeliac disease, may be at increased risk of hip fracture and fracture of any type. Coeliac disease may be positively associated with long-term hip fracture risk.
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| 44. |
- Verney, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Combined lower body endurance and upper body resistance training improves performance and health parameters in healthy active elderly
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 97:3, s. 288-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigated the effects of combined lower body (LB) endurance and upper body (UB) resistance training on endurance, strength, blood lipid profile and body composition in active older men. Ten healthy still active men (73+/-4 years, V(O2) peak: 36 (31-41) ml min-1 kg-1) were tested before and after 14 weeks of combined training (3 times week-1). Training consisted of 3x12 min of high intensity interval training on a bicycle for endurance interspersed by 3x12 min of UB resistance exercises. V(O2) peak during leg cycling and arm cranking, isokinetic torque of knee extensor and shoulder abductor and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of several muscles from UB and LB were measured. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and abdominal fat area were measured on MRI scans. Total body composition was assessed by hydrostatic weighing (HW) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Blood lipid profile was assessed before and after training. By the end of the training period, V(O2) peak (l min-1) increased significantly by 9 and 16% in leg cycling and arm cranking tests, respectively. Maximal isokinetic torque increased both for the knee extensor and shoulder abductor muscle groups. CSA increased significantly in deltoid muscle. Percentage of body fat decreased by 1.3% (P<0.05) and abdominal fat and SAD decreased by 12 and 6%, respectively (P<0.01). There was also a significant decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Thus, combined LB endurance and UB resistance training can improve endurance, strength, body composition and blood lipid profile even in healthy active elderly.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Sandström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated fish monitoring in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Utredningsrapport till Naturvårdsverket. ; , s. 1-32
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Abu-Youssef, Morsy A.M., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Structure of Silver Complexes with Nicotinate-Type Ligands Having Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 46:15, s. 5893-5903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and low-temperature X-ray crystal structures of five new silver complexes, [Ag2-μ-O,O'(2-aminonicotinium)2(NO3)2]n (7), [Ag(isonicotinamide)2-μ-O,O'(NO3)]2 (8), [Ag(ethyl nicotinate)2](NO3) (9), [Ag(ethyl isonicotinate)2(NO3)] (10), and [Ag(methyl isonicotinate)2(H2O)](NO3) (11), are presented and fully characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activities of these complexes were screened using 12 different clinical isolates belonging to four pathogenic bacteria, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. mirabilis, and Ps. Aeruginosa, all obtained from diabetic foot ulcers. These tested bacteria were resistant for at least 10 antibiotics commonly used for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Compounds 7 and 8 had considerable activity against Ps. Aeruginosa (MIC values 2-8 µg/mL), compound 9 against S. aureus (MIC 4-16 µg/mL) and S. pyogenes (MIC 2-4 µg/mL), and also 9 and 11 against P. mirabilis (MIC 1-16 µg/mL). All complexes were non-toxic for daphnia at concentrations above 512 µg/mL overnight.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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