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1.	Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al. (författare) A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing 2022 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
2.	Kõljalg, Urmas, et al. (författare) A price tag on species 2022 Ingår i: Research Ideas and Outcomes_RIO. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-7163. ; 8, s. 1-7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Species have intrinsic value but also partake in a long range of ecosystem services of major economic value to humans. These values have proved hard to quantify precisely, making it all too easy to dismiss them altogether. We outline the concept of the species stock market (SSM), a system to provide a unified basis for valuation of all living species. The SSM amalgamates digitized information from natural history collections, occurrence data, and molecular sequence databases to quantify our knowledge of each species from scientific, societal, and economic points of view. The conceptual trading system will necessarily be very unlike that of the regular stock market, but the looming biodiversity crisis implores us to finally put an open and transparent price tag on symbiosis, deforestation, and pollution
3.	Nijsingh, Niels, 1977, et al. (författare) Justifying Antibiotic Resistance Interventions: Uncertainty, Precaution and Ethics 2020 Ingår i: Jamrozik E., Selgelid M.J. (eds) Ethics and Drug-Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 2211-6680. - 9783030278731 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract This chapter charts and critically analyses the ethical challenge of assessing how much (and what kind of) evidence is required for the justification of interventions in response antibiotic resistance (ABR), as well as other major public health threats. Our ambition here is to identify and briefly discuss main issues, and point to ways in which these need to be further advanced in future research. This will result in a tentative map of complications, underlying problems and possible challenges. This map illustrates that the ethical challenges in this area are much more complex and profound than is usually acknowledged, leaving no tentatively plausible intervention package free of downsides. This creates potentially overwhelming theoretical conundrums when trying to justify what to do. We therefore end by pointing out two general features of the complexity we find to be of particular importance, and a tentative suggestion for how to create a theoretical basis for further analysis.
4.	Berbyuk Lindström, Nataliya, 1978, et al. (författare) Perspectives of Nurses and Doulas on the Use of Information and Communication Technology in Intercultural Pediatric Care: Qualitative Pilot Study. 2020 Ingår i: JMIR pediatrics and parenting. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2561-6722. ; 3:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sweden is rapidly becoming an increasingly multicultural and digitalized society. Encounters between pediatric nurses and migrant mothers, who are often primary caregivers, are impeded by language problems and cultural differences. To support mothers, doulas, who are women having the same linguistic and cultural backgrounds, serve as cultural bridges in interactions with health care professionals. In addition, information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially be used to manage interactions owing to its accessibility.The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ICT in managing communicative challenges related to language problems and cultural differences in encounters with migrant mothers from the perspectives of Swedish pediatric nurses and doulas.Deep semistructured interviews with five pediatric nurses and four doulas from a migrant-dense urban area in western Sweden were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.The results showed that ICT contributes to mitigating communicative challenges in interactions by providing opportunities for nurses and migrant mothers to receive distance interpreting via telephones and to themselves interpret using language translation apps. Using images and films from the internet is especially beneficial while discussing complex and culturally sensitive issues to complement or substitute verbal messages. These findings suggest that ICT helps enable migrant mothers to play a more active role in interactions with health care professionals. This has important implications for their involvement in other areas, such as child care, language learning, and integration in Sweden.The findings of this study suggest that ICT can be a bridging tool between health care professionals and migrants. The advantages and disadvantages of translation tools should be discussed to ensure that quality communication occurs in health care interactions and that health information is accessible. This study also suggests the development of targeted multimodal digital support, including pictorial and video resources, for pediatric care services.
5.	Rube, Tanja, et al. (författare) Development of the Swedish anticholinergic burden scale (Swe-ABS). 2023 Ingår i: BMC geriatrics. - 1471-2318. ; 23:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Drugs with anticholinergic properties are associated with cognitive adverse effects, especially in patients vulnerable to central muscarinic antagonism. A variety of drugs show weak, moderate or strong anticholinergic effects. Therefore, the cumulative anticholinergic burden should be considered in patients with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to develop a Swedish Anticholinergic Burden Scale (Swe-ABS) to be used in health care and research.A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed and Ovid Embase to identify previously published tools quantifying anticholinergic drug burden (i.e., exposure). Drugs and grading scores (0-3, no to high anticholinergic activity) were extracted from identified lists. Enteral and parenteral drugs authorized in Sweden were included. Drugs with conflicting scores in the existing lists were assessed by an expert group. Two drugs that were not previously assessed were also added to the evaluation process.The systematic literature search identified the following nine anticholinergic burden scales: Anticholinergic Activity Scale, Anticholinergic Burden Classification, updated Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale, Anticholinergic Drug Scale, Anticholinergic Load Scale, Anticholinergic Risk Scale, updated Clinician-rated Anticholinergic Scale, German Anticholinergic Burden Scale and Korean Anticholinergic Burden Scale. A list of drugs with significant anticholinergic effects provided by The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare was included in the process. The suggested Swe-ABS consists of 104 drugs scored as having weak, moderate or strong anticholinergic effects. Two hundred and fifty-six drugs were listed as having no anticholinergic effects based on evaluation in previous scales. In total, 62 drugs were assessed by the expert group.Swe-ABS is a simplified method to quantify the anticholinergic burden and is easy to use in clinical practice. Publication of this scale might make clinicians more aware of drugs with anticholinergic properties and patients' total anticholinergic burden. Further research is needed to validate the Swe-ABS and evaluate anticholinergic exposure versus clinically significant outcomes.
6.	Zhang, C., et al. (författare) The acute effect of metabolic cofactor supplementation: a potential therapeutic strategy against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 2020 Ingår i: Molecular Systems Biology. - : EMBO. - 1744-4292. ; 16:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase dramatically, and there is no approved medication for its treatment. Recently, we predicted the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of NAFLD using network analysis and identified metabolic cofactors that might be beneficial as supplements to decrease human liver fat. Here, we first assessed the tolerability of the combined metabolic cofactors including l-serine, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and l-carnitine by performing a 7-day rat toxicology study. Second, we performed a human calibration study by supplementing combined metabolic cofactors and a control study to study the kinetics of these metabolites in the plasma of healthy subjects with and without supplementation. We measured clinical parameters and observed no immediate side effects. Next, we generated plasma metabolomics and inflammatory protein markers data to reveal the acute changes associated with the supplementation of the metabolic cofactors. We also integrated metabolomics data using personalized genome-scale metabolic modeling and observed that such supplementation significantly affects the global human lipid, amino acid, and antioxidant metabolism. Finally, we predicted blood concentrations of these compounds during daily long-term supplementation by generating an ordinary differential equation model and liver concentrations of serine by generating a pharmacokinetic model and finally adjusted the doses of individual metabolic cofactors for future human clinical trials.
7.	Trigo, João Pedro, 1995, et al. (författare) Mild blanching prior to pH-shift processing of Saccharina latissima retains protein extraction yields and amino acid levels of extracts while minimizing iodine content 2023 Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 404 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The seaweed Saccharina latissima is often blanched to lower iodine levels, however, it is not known how blanching affects protein extraction. We assessed the effect of blanching or soaking (80/45/12 °C, 2 min) on protein yield and protein extract characteristics after pH-shift processing of S. latissima. Average protein yields and extract amino acid levels ranked treatments as follows: blanching-45 °C ∼ control > soaking ∼ blanching-80 °C. Although blanching-45 °C decreased protein solubilization yield at pH 12, it increased isoelectric protein precipitation yield at pH 2 (p < 0.05). The former could be explained by a higher ratio of large peptides/proteins in the blanched biomass as shown by HP-SEC, whereas the latter by blanching-induced lowering of ionic strength, as verified by a dialysis model. Moreover, blanching-45 °C yielded a protein extract with 49 % less iodine compared with the control extract. We recommend blanching-45 °C since it is effective at removing iodine and does not compromise total protein extraction yield.
8.	Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al. (författare) Introducing guidelines for publishing DNA-derived occurrence data through biodiversity data platforms 2022 Ingår i: Metabarcoding and Metagenomics. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2534-9708. ; 6, s. 239-244 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract DNA sequencing efforts of environmental and other biological samples disclose unprecedented and largely untapped opportunities for advances in the taxonomy, ecology, and geographical distributions of our living world. To realise this potential, DNA-derived occurrence data (notably sequences with dates and coordinates) – much like traditional specimens and observations – need to be discoverable and interpretable through biodiversity data platforms. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) recently headed a community effort to assemble a set of guidelines for publishing DNA-derived data. These guidelines target the principles and approaches of exposing DNA-derived occurrence data in the context of broader biodiversity data. They cover a choice of terms using a controlled vocabulary, common pitfalls, and good practices, without going into platform-specific details. Our hope is that they will benefit anyone interested in better exposure of DNA-derived occurrence data through general biodiversity data platforms, including national biodiversity portals. This paper provides a brief rationale and an overview of the guidelines, an up-to-date version of which is maintained at https://doi.org/10.35035/doc-vf1a-nr22. User feedback and interaction are encouraged as new techniques and best practices emerge.
9.	Insulander Björk, Klara, 1982, et al. (författare) Experimental determination of concentration factors of Mn, Zn and I in the phytoplankton species Phaeodactylum Tricornutum 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X .- 1879-1700. ; 261 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Anthropogenic radionuclides released into the environment cause a radiation dose to wildlife and humans which must be quantified, both to assess the effect of normal releases, and to predict the consequences of a larger, unplanned release. To estimate the spread of the radioactive elements, the ecosystem around release points is modelled, and element uptake is usually quantified by concentration factors (CF), which relates the concentration of an element in an organism to the concentration of the same element in a medium under equilibrium conditions. In this work, we experimentally determine some phytoplankton CF that are needed for improved modelling of the marine ecosystems around nuclear facilities and release points. CFs that require better determination have been identified through literature search. Sensitivity studies, using the currently used ecosystem modelling software PREDO, show that for most studied groups, the dose committed by the respective radionuclides is almost proportional to the corresponding phytoplankton CFs. In the present work, CFs are determined through laboratory experiments with cultured phytoplankton and radionuclides of the concerned elements, assessing the element uptake by the phytoplankton through detection of the emitted radiation. The three CF assessed in this work were those for manganese, zinc and iodine in phytoplankton. Conservative estimates of these CF based on the present data are 40 000 L/kg for manganese, 50 000 L/kg for zinc and 180 L/kg for iodine with the phytoplankton masses referring to their dry weight.
10.	Deribe, Leul, et al. (författare) Level of Family centered care and associated factors among parents of children with cancer at tertiary level hospital, Ethiopia 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families. - 0882-5963. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective To determining level and factors affecting Family Centered Care (FCC) in pediatric oncology unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital (TASH), Ethiopia. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022. Three hundred ninety-three parents of children with cancer were consecutively interviewed using Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20). Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of FCC. Result The total MPOC 20 means was 3.71(SD = 1.04). The mean score for respectful and supportive care, coordinated and comprehensive care, enabling and partnership, providing specific information and providing general information were found to be 4.8, 4.6, 3.7, 2.3 and 2.6, respectively. Family employment (−0.33(95% CI = −0.63, −0.03; P = .029)), low family education (−0.40 (95% CI = −0.70, −0.11; P = .008)), referral cases (−0.37(95% CI = −0.59, −0.14; P = .001)), shorter time spent in hospital (−0.49(95% CI = −0.85, −0.12; P = .010)) and psychological distress (−0.01(95% CI = −0.026, −0.001; P = .028)) were associated with lower mean score of FCC. Conclusion The total FCC mean score was found to be low. From the five FCC components providing general and specific information scored the lowest mean level. Practice implications Mechanism to improve information delivery that address parents from different background and referred from other health facility should be in place in order to improve FCC level. In addition, the FCC should be designed to address parents of children with different lengths of stay.
11.	Tjondro, Harry C., et al. (författare) Hyper-truncated Asn355- And Asn391-glycans modulate the activity of neutrophil granule myeloperoxidase 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 296 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays essential roles in neutrophil-mediated immunity via the generation of reactive oxidation products. Complex carbohydrates decorate MPO at discrete sites, but their functional relevance remains elusive. To this end, we have characterised the structure–biosynthesis–activity relationship of neutrophil MPO (nMPO). Mass spectrometry demonstrated that nMPO carries both characteristic under-processed and hyper-truncated glycans. Occlusion of the Asn355/Asn391-glycosylation sites and the Asn323-/Asn483-glycans, located in the MPO dimerisation zone, was found to affect the local glycan processing, thereby providing a molecular basis of the site-specific nMPO glycosylation. Native mass spectrometry, mass photometry and glycopeptide profiling revealed significant molecular complexity of diprotomeric nMPO arising from heterogeneous glycosylation, oxidation, chlorination and polypeptide truncation variants and a previously unreported low-abundance monoprotomer. Longitudinal profiling of maturing, mature, granule-separated and pathogen-stimulated neutrophils demonstrated that nMPO is dynamically expressed during granulopoiesis, unevenly distributed across granules and degranulated upon activation. We also show that proMPO-to-MPO maturation occurs during early/mid-stage granulopoiesis. While similar global MPO glycosylation was observed across conditions, the conserved Asn355-/Asn391-sites displayed elevated glycan hyper-truncation, which correlated with higher enzyme activities of MPO in distinct granule populations. Enzymatic trimming of the Asn355-/Asn391-glycans recapitulated the activity gain and showed that nMPO carrying hyper-truncated glycans at these positions exhibits increased thermal stability, polypeptide accessibility and ceruloplasmin-mediated inhibition potential relative to native nMPO. Finally, molecular modelling revealed that hyper-truncated Asn355-glycans positioned in the MPO-ceruloplasmin interface are critical for uninterrupted inhibition. Here, through an innovative and comprehensive approach, we report novel functional roles of MPO glycans, providing new insight into neutrophil-mediated immunity.
12.	Bergman, Penny, et al. (författare) Age-related decline in senses and cognition : A Review 2021 Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - Rom : Eleven Senses Info. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.
13.	Milne, Richard, et al. (författare) Return of genomic results does not motivate intent to participate in research for all: Perspectives across 22 countries 2022 Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:5, s. 1120-1129 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how attitudes toward the return of genomic research results vary internationally. Methods: We analyzed the “Your DNA, Your Say” online survey of public perspectives on genomic data sharing including responses from 36,268 individuals across 22 low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and these were gathered in 15 languages. We analyzed how participants responded when asked whether return of results (RoR) would motivate their decision to donate DNA or health data. We examined variation across the study countries and compared the responses of participants from other countries with those from the United States, which has been the subject of the majority of research on return of genomic results to date. Results: There was substantial variation in the extent to which respondents reported being influenced by RoR. However, only respondents from Russia were more influenced than those from the United States, and respondents from 20 countries had lower odds of being partially or wholly influenced than those from the United States. Conclusion: There is substantial international variation in the extent to which the RoR may motivate people's intent to donate DNA or health data. The United States may not be a clear indicator of global attitudes. Participants’ preferences for return of genomic results globally should be considered.
14.	Saguti, Fredy, et al. (författare) Surveillance of wastewater revealed peaks of SARS-CoV-2 preceding those of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 2021 Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 189 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract SARS-CoV-2 was discovered among humans in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and then spread rapidly, causing a global pandemic. The virus was found to be transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets from infected persons or by direct contact. It was also shown to be excreted in feces, why we investigated whether the virus could be detected in wastewater and if so, to which extent its levels reflects its spread in society. Samples of wastewater from the city of Gothenburg, and surrounding municipalities in Sweden were collected daily from mid-February until June 2020 at the Rya wastewater treatment plant. Flow proportional samples of wastewater were collected to ensure that comparable amounts were obtained for analysis. Daily samples were pooled into weekly samples. Virus was concentrated on a filter and analyzed by RT-qPCR. The amount of SARS-CoV-2 varied with peaks approximately every four week, preceding variations in number of newly hospitalized patients by 19-21 days. At that time virus testing for COVID-19 was limited to patients with severe symptoms. Local differences in viral spread was shown by analyzing weekly composite samples of wastewater from five sampling sites for four weeks. The highest amount of virus was found from the central, eastern, and northern parts of the city. SARS-CoV-2 was also found in the treated effluent wastewater from the WWTP discharged into the recipient, the Göta River, although with a reduction of 4-log10. The viral peaks with regular temporal intervals indicated that SARS-CoV-2 may have a cluster spread, probably reflecting that the majority of infected persons only spread the disease during a few days. Our results are important for both the planning of hospital care and to rapidly identify and intervene against local spread of the virus.
15.	Berbyuk Lindström, Nataliya, 1978, et al. (författare) “I Want a Real, Swedish Doctor:” Exploring Patient Bias Toward Physicians of Foreign Background in Sweden 2022 Ingår i: The 72nd Annual International communication Association (ICA) Conference, One World, One Network? Paris, 26-30 May 2022.. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Increasing diversity in the healthcare workforce has brought to the foreground the importance of addressing phenomena of racism, discrimination, and bias against healthcare workers of diverse backgrounds. This paper aims to contribute to the growing literature on patient bias by exploring the experiences of physicians of foreign background in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews with 17 foreign physicians practicing in Sweden have been thematically analyzed. Four themes pertaining different forms of patient bias experienced by the respondents emerged from the transcripts such as refusal of care, questioning language competence, questioning medical competence and ethnic jokes/stereotypes. Four additional themes dealing with strategies implemented by the respondents to cope with patient bias were also identified including confrontation avoidance, collaboration with Swedish healthcare staff, self-disclosure and active listening. The findings elucidate the need to encourage inclusion in the workplace and targeted support for foreign physicians.
16.	Altay, Özlem, et al. (författare) Current Status of COVID-19 Therapies and Drug Repositioning Applications 2020 Ingår i: Iscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 23:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is an attractive approach that can facilitate the drug discovery process by repurposing existing pharmaceuticals to treat illnesses other than their primary indications. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. In addition, we describe computational approaches to be used in drug repurposing and highlight examples of in silico studies of drug development efforts against SARS-CoV-2.
17.	Durkin, Louisa, et al. (författare) When mycologists describe new species, not all relevant information is provided (clearly enough). 2020 Ingår i: MycoKeys. - 1314-4049. ; 72, s. 109-128 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Taxonomic mycology struggles with what seems to be a perpetual shortage of resources. Logically, fungal taxonomists should therefore leverage every opportunity to highlight and visualize the importance of taxonomic work, the usefulness of taxonomic data far beyond taxonomy, and the integrative and collaborative nature of modern taxonomy at large. Is mycology really doing that, though? In this study, we went through ten years' worth (2009-2018) of species descriptions of extant fungal taxa - 1,097 studies describing at most ten new species - in five major mycological journals plus one plant journal. We estimated the frequency at which a range of key words, illustrations, and concepts related to ecology, geography, taxonomy, molecular data, and data availability were provided with the descriptions. We also considered a range of science-demographical aspects such as gender bias and the rejuvenation of taxonomy and taxonomists as well as public availability of the results. Our results show that the target audience of fungal species descriptions appears to be other fungal taxonomists, because many aspects of the new species were presented only implicitly, if at all. Although many of the parameters we estimated show a gradual, and in some cases marked, change for the better over time, they still paint a somewhat bleak picture of mycological taxonomy as a male-dominated field where the wants and needs of an extended target audience are often not understood or even considered. This study hopes to leave a mark on the way fungal species are described by putting the focus on ways in which fungal taxonomy can better anticipate the end users of species descriptions - be they mycologists, other researchers, the public at large, or even algorithms. In the end, fungal taxonomy, too, is likely to benefit from such measures.
18.	Pfeiffer, Christoph, 1989, et al. (författare) On-scalp MEG sensor localization using magnetic dipole-like coils: A method for highly accurate co-registration 2020 Ingår i: Neuroimage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 212 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Source modelling in magnetoencephalography (MEG) requires precise co-registration of the sensor array and the anatomical structure of the measured individual's head. In conventional MEG, the positions and orientations of the sensors relative to each other are fixed and known beforehand, requiring only localization of the head relative to the sensor array. Since the sensors in on-scalp MEG are positioned on the scalp, locations of the individual sensors depend on the subject's head shape and size. The positions and orientations of on-scalp sensors must therefore be measured a every recording. This can be achieved by inverting conventional head localization, localizing the sensors relative to the head - rather than the other way around. In this study we present a practical method for localizing sensors using magnetic dipole-like coils attached to the subject's head. We implement and evaluate the method in a set of on-scalp MEG recordings using a 7-channel on-scalp MEG system based on high critical temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (high-T-c SQUIDs). The method allows individually localizing the sensor positions, orientations, and responsivities with high accuracy using only a short averaging time (<= 2 mm, < 3 degrees and < 3%, respectively, with 1-s averaging), enabling continuous sensor localization. Calibrating and jointly localizing the sensor array can further improve the accuracy of position and orientation (< 1 mm and < 1 degrees, respectively, with 1-s coil recordings). We demonstrate source localization of on-scalp recorded somatosensory evoked activity based on coregistration with our method. Equivalent current dipole fits of the evoked responses corresponded well (within 4.2 mm) with those based on a commercial, whole-head MEG system.
19.	Gard, Anna, et al. (författare) Quality of life of ice hockey players after retirement due to concussions 2020 Ingår i: Concussion. - : Future Medicine. - 2056-3299. ; 5:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) is increasingly recognized as a potential health problem in ice hockey. Quality of life (QoL) in players retiring due to SRC has not been thoroughly addressed. Materials & methods: QoL using the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Short Form Health Survey was measured in Swedish ice hockey players who retired due to persistence of postconcussion symptoms or fear of attaining additional SRC. Results: A total of 76 players were assessed, on average of 5 years after their most recent SRC. Overall, retired players had a high burden of postconcussion symptoms and reduced QoL. Conclusion: Retired concussed ice hockey players have a reduced QoL, particularly those retiring due to postconcussion symptoms. Symptom burden should be continuously evaluated and guide the decision to retire.
20.	Galozy, Alexander, 1991-, et al. (författare) Pitfalls of medication adherence approximation through EHR and pharmacy records: Definitions, data and computation 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - Shannon : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 136 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and purpose: Patients' adherence to medication is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Dispensation data and electronic health records are used to approximate medication-taking through refill adherence. In-depth discussions on the adverse effects of data quality and computational differences are rare. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of common pitfalls when computing medication adherence using electronic health records. Procedures: We point out common pitfalls associated with the data and operationalization of adherence measures. We provide operational definitions of refill adherence and conduct experiments to determine the effect of the pitfalls on adherence estimations. We performed statistical significance testing on the impact of common pitfalls using a baseline scenario as reference. Findings: Slight changes in definition can significantly skew refill adherence estimates. Pickup patterns cause significant disagreement between measures and the commonly used proportion of days covered. Common data related issues had a small but statistically significant (p < 0.05) impact on population-level and significant effect on individual cases. Conclusion: Data-related issues encountered in real-world administrative databases, which affect various operational definitions of refill adherence differently, can significantly skew refill adherence values, leading to false conclusions about adherence, particularly when estimating adherence for individuals.
21.	Engström, Åsa, et al. (författare) Losing the identity of a hockey player : the long-term effects of concussions 2020 Ingår i: Concussion. - : Future Medicine. - 2056-3299. ; 5:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: To describe what suffering multiple concussions meant for former semi-professional or professional hockey players who were forced to end their career. Results: Nine former Swedish hockey players, who once played on national or professional teams were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed with reference to hermeneutic phenomenology to interpret and explain their experiences. The theme of losing one’s identity as a hockey player was constructed from five subthemes: being limited in everyday life, returning to the hockey stadium as soon as possible, forming a post career identity, lacking understanding and support, and preventing injuries by respecting other players. Conclusion: The former hockey players struggled with developing their off-the-ice identities and with finding other sources of meaning for their lives.Lay abstractDespite considerable attention to improving the initial management of concussions suffered by hockey players, few studies have examined their long-term effects. In response, the study reported here aimed to describe what suffering multiple concussions meant for former semi-professional or professional hockey players who were forced to end their career. Nine former Swedish hockey players, who once played on national or professional teams were interviewed and the interviews were analyzed in order to interpret and explain their experiences. The overall theme was formulated as losing one’s identity as a hockey player. In conclusion, the former hockey players seem to struggle with developing their off-the-ice identities and with finding other sources of meaning for their lives.
22.	Vaga, S., et al. (författare) Compositional and functional differences of the mucosal microbiota along the intestine of healthy individuals 2020 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Gut mucosal microbes evolved closest to the host, developing specialized local communities. There is, however, insufficient knowledge of these communities as most studies have employed sequencing technologies to investigate faecal microbiota only. This work used shotgun metagenomics of mucosal biopsies to explore the microbial communities' compositions of terminal ileum and large intestine in 5 healthy individuals. Functional annotations and genome-scale metabolic modelling of selected species were then employed to identify local functional enrichments. While faecal metagenomics provided a good approximation of the average gut mucosal microbiome composition, mucosal biopsies allowed detecting the subtle variations of local microbial communities. Given their significant enrichment in the mucosal microbiota, we highlight the roles of Bacteroides species and describe the antimicrobial resistance biogeography along the intestine. We also detail which species, at which locations, are involved with the tryptophan/indole pathway, whose malfunctioning has been linked to pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease. Our study thus provides invaluable resources for investigating mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and host pathophysiology.
23.	Ahluwalia, Bani, et al. (författare) Differences in Metabolite Composition of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Extracts Lead to Differential Effects on Human Blood T Cell Activity In Vitro 2022 Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1420-3049 .- 1420-3049. ; 27:19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) is used for diverse therapeutic properties including immunomodulation. However, owing to the compositionally complex nature of Aloe, bioactive component(s) responsible for its beneficial properties, though thought to be attributed to polysaccharides (acemannan), remain unknown. We therefore aimed to determine the metabolite composition of various commercial Aloe extracts and assess their effects on human blood T cell activity in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were stimulated polyclonally in presence or absence of various Aloe extracts. T cell phenotype and proliferation were investigated by flow cytometry. Aloe extracts were analyzed using targeted 1H-NMR spectroscopy for standard phytochemical quality characterization and untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for metabolite profiling. Aloe extracts differing in their standard phytochemical composition had varying effects on T cell activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell-death in vitro, although this was not related to the acemannan content. Furthermore, each Aloe extract had its own distinct metabolite profile, where extracts rich in diverse sugar and sugar-derivatives were associated with reduced T cell activity. Our results demonstrate that all commercial Aloe extracts are unique with distinct metabolite profiles, which lead to differential effects on T cell activity in vitro, independent of the acemannan content.
24.	Robinson, Jonathan, 1986, et al. (författare) An atlas of human metabolism 2020 Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 13:624 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are valuable tools to study metabolism and provide a scaffold for the integrative analysis of omics data. Researchers have developed increasingly comprehensive human GEMs, but the disconnect among different model sources and versions impedes further progress. We therefore integrated and extensively curated the most recent human metabolic models to construct a consensus GEM, Human1. We demonstrated the versatility of Human1 through the generation and analysis of cell- and tissue-specific models using transcriptomic, proteomic, and kinetic data. We also present an accompanying web portal, Metabolic Atlas (https://www.metabolicatlas.org/), which facilitates further exploration and visualization of Human1 content. Human1 was created using a version-controlled, open-source model development framework to enable community-driven curation and refinement. This framework allows Human1 to be an evolving shared resource for future studies of human health and disease.
25.	Johansson, Martin L, et al. (författare) Non-invasive sampling procedure revealing the molecular events at different abutments of bone-anchored hearing systems–A prospective clinical pilot study 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: To investigate the molecular activities in different compartments around the bone-anchored hearing system (BAHS) with either electropolished or machined abutments and to correlate these activities with clinical and microbiological findings. Materials and methods: Twelve patients received machined or electropolished abutments after implant installation of BAHS. Peri-abutment fluid and tissue were collected from baseline to 12 months. Gene expression of cytokines and factors related to tissue healing and inflammation, regeneration and remodelling, as well as bacterial recognition were determined using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The clinical status was evaluated using the Holgers scoring system, and bacterial colonisation was investigated by culturing. Results: The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-10) and bacteria-related Toll-like receptors (2 and 4) was higher in the peri-abutment fluid than at baseline and in the peri-abutment tissue at 3 and 12 months. Conversely, the expression of genes related to tissue regeneration (Coll1a1 and FOXO1) was higher in the tissue samples than in the peri-abutment fluid at 3 and 12 months. Electropolished abutments triggered higher expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-1β) (in peri-abutment fluid) and regeneration factor FOXO1 (in peri-abutment tissue) than machined abutments. Several cytokine genes in the peri-abutment fluid correlated positively with the detection of aerobes, anaerobes and Staphylococcus species, as well as with high Holger scores. Conclusion: This study provides unprecedented molecular information on the biological processes of BAHS. Despite being apparently healed, the peri-abutment fluid harbours prolonged inflammatory activity in conjunction with the presence of different bacterial species. An electropolished abutment surface appears to be associated with stronger proinflammatory activity than that with a machined surface. The analysis of the peri-abutment fluid deserves further verification as a non-invasive sampling and diagnostic procedure of BAHS.
26.	Einarsdottir, Sigrun, et al. (författare) Deficiency of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses after vaccination in long-term allo-HSCT survivors translates into abated humoral immunity. 2022 Ingår i: Blood advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9537 .- 2473-9529. ; 6:9, s. 2723-2730 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hematological diseases are at risk of severe disease and death from COVID-19. To determine the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines, samples from 50 infection-naive allo-HSCT recipients (median, 92 months from transplantation, range, 7-340 months) and 39 healthy controls were analyzed for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) within spike 1 (S1) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; anti-RBD-S1 IgG) and for SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity, reflected by induction of T-cell-derived interferon-γ in whole blood stimulated ex vivo with 15-mer SI-spanning peptides with 11 amino acid overlapS1-spanning peptides. The rate of seroconversion was not significantly lower in allo-transplanted patients than in controls with 24% (12/50) and 6% (3/50) of patients remaining seronegative after the first and second vaccination, respectively. However, 58% of transplanted patients lacked T-cell responses against S1 peptides after 1 vaccination compared with 19% of controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.17; P = .009, Fisher's exact test) with a similar trend after the second vaccination where 28% of patients were devoid of detectable specific T-cell immunity, compared with 6% of controls (OR 0.18; P = .02, Fisher's exact test). Importantly, lack of T-cell reactivity to S1 peptides after vaccination heralded substandard levels (<100 BAU/mL) of anti-RBD-S1 IgG 5 to 6 months after the second vaccine dose (OR 8.2; P = .007, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that although allo-HSCT recipients achieve serum anti-RBD-S1 IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after 2 vaccinations, a deficiency of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity may subsequently translate into insufficient humoral responses.
27.	Abdellah, Tebani, et al. (författare) Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort. 2020 Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
28.	Muncke, Jane, et al. (författare) Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health : a consensus statement 2020 Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 19:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Food packaging is of high societal value because it conserves and protects food, makes food transportable and conveys information to consumers. It is also relevant for marketing, which is of economic significance. Other types of food contact articles, such as storage containers, processing equipment and filling lines, are also important for food production and food supply. Food contact articles are made up of one or multiple different food contact materials and consist of food contact chemicals. However, food contact chemicals transfer from all types of food contact materials and articles into food and, consequently, are taken up by humans. Here we highlight topics of concern based on scientific findings showing that food contact materials and articles are a relevant exposure pathway for known hazardous substances as well as for a plethora of toxicologically uncharacterized chemicals, both intentionally and non-intentionally added. We describe areas of certainty, like the fact that chemicals migrate from food contact articles into food, and uncertainty, for example unidentified chemicals migrating into food. Current safety assessment of food contact chemicals is ineffective at protecting human health. In addition, society is striving for waste reduction with a focus on food packaging. As a result, solutions are being developed toward reuse, recycling or alternative (non-plastic) materials. However, the critical aspect of chemical safety is often ignored. Developing solutions for improving the safety of food contact chemicals and for tackling the circular economy must include current scientific knowledge. This cannot be done in isolation but must include all relevant experts and stakeholders. Therefore, we provide an overview of areas of concern and related activities that will improve the safety of food contact articles and support a circular economy. Our aim is to initiate a broader discussion involving scientists with relevant expertise but not currently working on food contact materials, and decision makers and influencers addressing single-use food packaging due to environmental concerns. Ultimately, we aim to support science-based decision making in the interest of improving public health. Notably, reducing exposure to hazardous food contact chemicals contributes to the prevention of associated chronic diseases in the human population.
29.	Paolini, Lucia, et al. (författare) Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: Report on the “massivEVs” ISEV workshop 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Extracellular Biology. - : Wiley. - 2768-2811. ; 1:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, “The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry” (evFOUNDRY) and “Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials” (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled “massivEVs” to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during “massivEVs”, the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field.
30.	Ahlner, Felicia, 1987, et al. (författare) Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Associated Factors in a Population-Based Sample of 70-Year-Olds: Data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study 2014-16 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 19:14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Older adults of today consume more alcohol, yet knowledge about the factors associated with different consumption levels is limited in this age group. Based on the data from a population-based sample (n = 1156, 539 men and 617 women) in The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study 2014-16, we examined sociodemographic, social, and health-related factors associated with alcohol consumption levels in 70-year-olds, using logistic regression. Total weekly alcohol intake was calculated based on the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed. Alcohol consumption was categorized as lifetime abstention, former drinking, moderate consumption (<= 98 g/week), and at-risk consumption (>98 g/week). At-risk consumption was further categorized into lower at-risk (98-196 g/week), medium at-risk (196-350 g/week), and higher at-risk (>= 350 g/week). We found that among the 1156 participants, 3% were lifetime abstainers, 3% were former drinkers, 64% were moderate drinkers, and 30% were at-risk drinkers (20% lower, 8% medium, 2% higher). Among several factors, former drinking was associated with worse general self-rated health (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.08-2.51) and lower health-related quality of life (measured by physical component score) (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97), higher illness burden (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.27), and weaker grip strength (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98). Higher at-risk drinkers more often had liver disease (OR 11.41, 95% CI 3.48-37.37) and minor depression (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.40-14.95), but less contacts with health care (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11-0.92). Our findings demonstrate the importance of classifications beyond abstinence and at-risk consumption, with implications for both the prevention and clinical management of unhealthy consumption patterns in older adults.
31.	Morsing, Eva, et al. (författare) Neurodevelopmental disorders and somatic diagnoses in a national cohort of children born before 24 weeks of gestation 2022 Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 111:6, s. 1167-1175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: This study investigated childhood diagnoses in children born extremely preterm before 24 weeks of gestation. Methods: Diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders and selected somatic diagnoses were retrospectively retrieved from national Swedish registries for children born before 24 weeks from 2007 to 2018. Their individual medical files were also examined. Results: We studied 383 children born at a median of 23.3 (range 21.9–23.9) weeks, with a median birthweight of 565 (range 340–874) grams. Three-quarters (75%) had neurodevelopmental disorders, including speech disorders (52%), intellectual disabilities (40%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (30%), autism spectrum disorders (24%), visual impairment (22%), cerebral palsy (17%), epilepsy (10%) and hearing impairment (5%). More boys than girls born at 23 weeks had intellectual disabilities (45% vs. 27%, p < 0.01) and visual impairment (25% vs. 14%, p < 0.01). Just over half of the cohort (55%) received habilitation care. The majority (88%) had somatic diagnoses, including asthma (63%) and failure to thrive/short stature (39%). Conclusion: Most children born before 24 weeks had neurodevelopmental disorders and/or additional somatic diagnoses in childhood and were referred to habilitation services. Clinicians should be aware of the multiple health and developmental problems affecting these children. Resources are needed to identify their long-term support needs at an early stage.
32.	Nawaz, Muhammad, et al. (författare) Lipid Nanoparticles Deliver the Therapeutic VEGFA mRNA In Vitro and In Vivo and Transform Extracellular Vesicles for Their Functional Extensions 2023 Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2198-3844. ; 10:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently used to transport functional mRNAs, such as COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The delivery of angiogenic molecules, such as therapeutic VEGF-A mRNA, to ischemic tissues for producing new blood vessels is an emerging strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors deliver VEGF-A mRNA via LNPs and study stoichiometric quantification of their uptake kinetics and how the transport of exogenous LNP-mRNAs between cells is functionally extended by cells’ own vehicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). The results show that cellular uptake of LNPs and their mRNA molecules occurs quickly, and that the translation of exogenously delivered mRNA begins immediately. Following the VEGF-A mRNA delivery to cells via LNPs, a fraction of internalized VEGF-A mRNA is secreted via EVs. The overexpressed VEGF-A mRNA is detected in EVs secreted from three different cell types. Additionally, RNA-Seq analysis reveals that as cells’ response to LNP-VEGF-A mRNA treatment, several overexpressed proangiogenic transcripts are packaged into EVs. EVs are further deployed to deliver VEGF-A mRNA in vitro and in vivo. Upon equal amount of VEGF-A mRNA delivery via three EV types or LNPs in vitro, EVs from cardiac progenitor cells are the most efficient in promoting angiogenesis per amount of VEGF-A protein produced. Intravenous administration of luciferase mRNA shows that EVs could distribute translatable mRNA to different organs with the highest amounts of luciferase detected in the liver. Direct injections of VEGF-A mRNA (via EVs or LNPs) into mice heart result in locally produced VEGF-A protein without spillover to liver and circulation. In addition, EVs from cardiac progenitor cells cause minimal production of inflammatory cytokines in cardiac tissue compared with all other treatment types. Collectively, the data demonstrate that LNPs transform EVs as functional extensions to distribute therapeutic mRNA between cells, where EVs deliver this mRNA differently than LNPs.
33.	Cedergren Weber, Gustav, et al. (författare) The Impact of COVID-19 on Parkinson's Disease : A Case-Controlled Registry and Questionnaire Study on Clinical Markers and Patients' Perceptions 2023 Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 2023 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Objectives: To explore how COVID-19 affects motor, nonmotor, and general health aspects of PD and to map how PD patients perceive their change in symptoms since falling ill with COVID-19.Method: The study was descriptive, case-controlled, and based on both registry and questionnaire data. At baseline, the controls were matched on age, sex, and disease severity. Information on the severity of the disease, nonmotor symptoms, motor symptoms, and general health was retrieved from the Swedish Registry for PD. Registry data from a COVID-19 group (n=45) and a control group (n=73), as well as questionnaires from a COVID-19 group (n=24) and a control group (n=42), were compared.Results: We did not find that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects any major aspect of nonmotor symptoms, motor symptoms, general health, and perception of change in PD patients' post-COVID-19. Compared to controls, the COVID-19 group reported a more positive subjective experience of pain and quality of life and a perception of change post-COVID-19 regarding general motor function, sleep quality, and mood (all p<0.05).Conclusion: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection does not seem to affect PD symptoms in any major respect, the subjective experience of several aspects of life in PD patients might be slightly improved post-COVID-19 compared to a control group. The findings warrant further investigations due to the small sample size and possible survivorship bias.
34.	Ullgren, A, et al. (författare) Altered plasma protein profiles in genetic FTD - a GENFI study 2023 Ingår i: Molecular neurodegeneration. - : Springer Nature. - 1750-1326. ; 18:1, s. 85- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
35.	Vilken metod är bäst? Tvärvetenskapliga dialoger om metod. 2023 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna antologi är ett försök att illustrera graden av förståelse över disciplingräns för olika metoder. Företrädare för olika vetenskapliga inriktningar beskriver sin favoritmetod eller sin syn på vetenskaplig metod utifrån egna preferenser, eventuellt formade av deras disciplinära tillhörigheter. Varje författares bidrag har sedan lästs av de övriga som kommenterar och skriver kritiska frågor vilka besvaras av bidragsförfattaren. Som helhet visar bidragen, frågorna och författarnas svar på många av de olikheter som finns mellan vetenskaper och många av de utmaningar som finns i vetenskaplig samverkan. Förhoppningsvis kan boken bli ett bidrag till att hitta lösningar när tvärvetenskapliga fnurror på tråden uppstår.
36.	Ghirmai, Semhar, 1993, et al. (författare) Improving the Stability of Red Blood Cells in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Herring (Clupea harengus): Potential Solutions for Post-mortem Fish Handling to Minimize Lipid Oxidation 2020 Ingår i: Food and Bioprocess Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1935-5130 .- 1935-5149. ; 13, s. 1344-1355 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study aimed at limiting hemolysis of fish red blood cells (RBCs) as a strategy to limit hemoglobin (Hb)-induced lipid oxidation duringpost-mortemhandling and processing. Effects of varying temperature, salinity, and mechanical impact were studied using washed resuspended RBCs (wr-RBCs) and whole blood (WB) from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and herring (Clupea harengus). The wr-RBCs were most stable avoiding mechanical stress, keeping isotonic conditions (0.9-1.3% NaCl) and low temperature 0-6 degrees C, with predicted minimum at 2.5 degrees C. When compared at the same salinity, it was found that hemolysis was more pronounced in herring than trout wr-RBCs. Furthermore, WB was more stable than wr-RBCs, showing protecting the effects of blood plasma. Studying individual plasma components, stabilizing effects were found from glucose, proteins, and ascorbic acid. This study indicates that small adjustments in the early handling and processing of fish such as changing salinity of storage and rinsing solutions could minimize Hb contamination of the fish muscle and thereby improve quality.
37.	Tahergorabi, Reza, et al. (författare) Marine Bioactives 2021 Ingår i: Food Bioactives and Health. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Marine organisms are a rich source of bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds are compounds with health-promoting effects. Consumption of these compounds may lower the risk of diseases such as heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and other complications. Recently, marine bioactives have attracted much attention due to their enormous health benefits. This book chapter provides a succinct review of the recent studies about marine bioactives including proteins, peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, sterols, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, phenolic compounds, photosynthetic pigments, vitamins, and minerals. It also discusses the bioactives derived from marine bacteria as well as different techniques used for marine bioactives recovery.
38.	Juul, Louise, et al. (författare) Ulva fenestrata protein – comparison of three extraction methods with respect to protein yield and protein quality 2021 Ingår i: Algal Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-9264. ; 60 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Seaweed is gaining attention as a possible alternative and sustainable source of proteins. This study investigates three protein extraction methods and their effect on protein yield and quality when applied to Ulva fenestrata . Two of the methods included alkaline extractions (pH-shifts); one version solubilizing the proteins at pH 8.5 and one solubilizing them at pH 8.5 followed by pH 12 (pH 8.5+12). The third method was a mechanical pressing, using a double screw press. All extraction methods were followed by isoelectric precipitation to concentrate the proteins. Extraction at pH 8.5 gave the significantly highest total protein yield after the isoelectric precipitation, followed by extraction at pH 8.5+12 and lastly mechanical extraction gave the lowest yield. Proteins extracted with both alkaline methods had a significantly higher solubility at pH 7 and pH 9, compared to proteins from the mechanical pressing. There were no significant differences between the three methods in total D/L-amino acid ratio. Amino acid cross-links measured as lysinoalanine (LAL) and lanthionine (LAN) where found in significantly higher amounts in alkali-extracted proteins compared to mechanically extracted, however not to a degree that expect to compromise functional or nutritional quality. Further, no significant difference in protein in vitro digestibility was found between extraction methods. In conclusion, results indicated that protein extraction at pH 8.5 can be recommended, especially regarding total protein yield and solubility of the final protein extract.
39.	Bally, Marta, 1981, et al. (författare) Physicochemical tools for studying virus interactions with targeted cell membranes in a molecular and spatiotemporally resolved context 2021 Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 413, s. 7157-7178 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this critical review is to provide an overview of how emerging bioanalytical techniques are expanding our understanding of the complex physicochemical nature of virus interactions with host cell surfaces. Herein, selected model viruses representing both non-enveloped (simian virus 40 and human norovirus) and enveloped (influenza A virus, human herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1) viruses are highlighted. The technologies covered utilize a wide range of cell membrane mimics, from supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing a single purified host membrane component to SLBs derived from the plasma membrane of a target cell, which can be compared with live-cell experiments to better understand the role of individual interaction pairs in virus attachment and entry. These platforms are used to quantify binding strengths, residence times, diffusion characteristics, and binding kinetics down to the single virus particle and single receptor, and even to provide assessments of multivalent interactions. The technologies covered herein are surface plasmon resonance (SPR), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS), total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy combined with equilibrium fluctuation analysis (EFA) and single particle tracking (SPT), and finally confocal microscopy using multi-labeling techniques to visualize entry of individual virus particles in live cells. Considering the growing scientific and societal needs for untangling, and interfering with, the complex mechanisms of virus binding and entry, we hope that this review will stimulate the community to implement these emerging tools and strategies in conjunction with more traditional methods. The gained knowledge will not only contribute to a better understanding of the virus biology, but may also facilitate the design of effective inhibitors to block virus entry.
40.	Westin, Karin, et al. (författare) Detection of interictal epileptiform discharges: A comparison of on-scalp MEG and conventional MEG measurements 2020 Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8952 .- 1388-2457. ; 131:8, s. 1711-1720 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Conventional MEG provides an unsurpassed ability to, non-invasively, detect epileptic activity. However, highly resolved information on small neuronal populations required in epilepsy diagnostics is lost and can be detected only intracranially. Next-generation on-scalp magnetencephalography (MEG) sensors aim to retrieve information unavailable to conventional non-invasive brain imaging techniques. To evaluate the benefits of on-scalp MEG in epilepsy, we performed the first-ever such measurement on an epilepsy patient. Methods: Conducted as a benchmarking study focusing on interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) detectability, an on-scalp high-temperature superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (high-Tc SQUID) system was compared to a conventional, low-temperature SQUID system. Coregistration of electroencephalopraphy (EEG) was performed. A novel machine learning-based IED-detection algorithm was developed to aid identification of on-scalp MEG unique IEDs. Results: Conventional MEG contained 24 IEDs. On-scalp MEG revealed 47 IEDs (16 co-registered by EEG, 31 unique to the on-scalp MEG recording). Conclusion: Our results indicate that on-scalp MEG might capture IEDs not seen by other non-invasive modalities. Significance: On-scalp MEG has the potential of improving non-invasive epilepsy evaluation.
41.	Larsson, Julia, et al. (författare) Optimizing study design in LPS challenge studies for quantifying drug induced inhibition of TNF? response: Did we miss the prime time? 2022 Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 176 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this work we evaluate the study design of LPS challenge experiments used for quantification of drug induced inhibition of TNF alpha response and provide general guidelines of how to improve the study design. Analysis of model simulated data, using a recently published TNF alpha turnover model, as well as the optimal design tool PopED have been used to find the optimal values of three key study design variables - time delay between drug and LPS administration, LPS dose, and sampling time points - that in turn could make the resulting TNF alpha response data more informative. Our findings suggest that the current rule of thumb for choosing the time delay should be reconsidered, and that the placement of the measurements after maximal TNF alpha response are crucial for the quality of the experiment. Furthermore, a literature study summarizing a wide range of published LPS challenge studies is provided, giving a broader perspective of how LPS challenge studies are usually conducted both in a preclinical and clinical setting.
42.	Landberg, Rikard, 1981, et al. (författare) Avenanthramides as lipoxygenase inhibitors 2020 Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 6:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Avenanthramides (AVAs) present in oats are amides of anthranilic and cinnamic acids. AVAs are potent antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties. There are various potential mechanisms for their anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOX), which catalyse oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into potent signal molecules involved in inflammatory processes. In this study, AVAs were screened for LOX inhibition in vitro and structure-activity relationships were examined. Twelve different AVAs at 0.6 mM were tested as LOX inhibitors. The corresponding free cinnamic acids, the AVA analogue Tranilast® and the known LOX inhibitor trans-resveratrol were included for comparison. It was found that AVAs comprising caffeic or sinapic acid exhibited significant lipoxygenase inhibition (60–90%) (P < 0.05), whereas low or no inhibition was observed with AVAs containing p-coumaric or ferulic acid. No difference in inhibition was seen on comparing AVAs with their free corresponding cinnamic acids, which implies that the anthranilic acid part of the avenanthramide molecule does not affect inhibition. Trans-resveratrol showed inhibition, whereas no inhibition was seen for Tranilast® at the concentrations used in this study. This study suggests that aventahtramides comprising caffeic acid or sinapic acid partly exert their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via lipoxygenase inhibition.
43.	Lindberg, Frida A., et al. (författare) SLC38A10 knockout mice display a decreased body weight and an increased risk-taking behavior in the open field test 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5153. ; 16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The solute carrier 38 family (SLC38) is a family of 11 members. The most commonsubstrate among these are alanine and glutamine, and members are present in a widerange of tissues with important functions for several biological processes, such as liverand brain function. Some of these transporters are better characterized than others and,in this paper, a behavioral characterization of SLC38A10−/− mice was carried out. Abattery of tests for general activity, emotionality, motor function, and spatial memorywere used. Among these tests, the elevated plus maze, Y-maze, marble burying, andchallenging beamwalk have not been tested on the SLC38A10−/− mice previously, whilethe open field and the rotarod tests have been performed by the International MousePhenotyping Consortium (IMPC). Unlike the results from IMPC, the results from this studyshowed that SLC38A10−/− mice spend less time in the wall zone in the open field testthan WT mice, implying that SLC38A10-deficient mice have an increased explorativebehavior, which suggests an important function of SLC38A10 in brain. The present studyalso confirmed IMPC’s data regarding rotarod performance and weight, showing thatSLC38A10−/− mice do not have an affected motor coordination impairment and havea lower body weight than both SLC38A10+/− and SLC38A10+/+ mice. These resultsimply that a complete deficiency of the SLC38A10 protein might affect body weighthomeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms needs to be studied further.
44.	Lindberg, Frida A. (författare) The Biological Importance of the Amino Acid Transporter SLC38A10 : Characterization of a Knockout Mouse 2022 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The biggest group of transporters, the solute carriers (SLCs), has more than 400 members, and about 30% of these are still orphan. In order to decipher their biological function and possible role in disease, there is a need for characterization of these. Around 25% of SLCs are estimated to have amino acids as substrates, including transporters belonging to the SLC38 family. The SLC38 members are sometimes referred to their alternative name: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs). One of these transporters, SNAT10 (or SLC38A10), has been characterized as a bidirectional transporter of glutamate, glutamine, alanine and aspartate, as well as having an efflux of serine, and is ubiquitously expressed in the body. However, its biological importance is not yet understood. The aim with this thesis was to characterize a mouse model deficient in SNAT10 protein in order to find the biological importance of this transporter. In paper I, this is done by using a series of behavioral tests, including the open field test, elevated plus maze, rotarod and Y-maze, among others. The SNAT10 knockout mouse was found to have an increased risk-taking behavior, but no motor or spatial working memory impairments. Furthermore, the knockout mouse was found to have a decreased body weight. In paper II, an additional behavioral characterization was performed by using the multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) test. The MCSF test is an arena with different zones associated to different behavioral traits, which generates a behavioral profile depending on where the mouse spends its time. The result from this test implies that the SNAT10 deficient mouse has a lower explorative behavior than its wild type littermates. In paper III, gene expression was studied in whole brain and some genes related to cell cycle regulation and p53 expression were found to be differentially expressed in the knockout brain. Additional gene expression was studied in kidney, liver, lung and muscle, but no changes were found. Plasma levels of histidine and threonine were altered in males, but no altered amino acid levels were found in knockout females, suggesting a possible sex-specific effect. These studies together imply that SNAT10 might be involved in processes related to risk-taking and explorative behavior in the open field and MCSF tests. SNAT10 deficiency also affected amino acid levels in plasma, indicating a disrupted amino acid homeostasis.
45.	Obi, Ikenna, et al. (författare) Stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA structures in Schizosaccharomyces pombe causes single-strand DNA lesions and impedes DNA replication 2020 Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 48:19, s. 10998-11015 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract G-quadruplex (G4) structures are stable noncanonical DNA structures that are implicated in the regulation of many cellular pathways. We show here that the G4-stabilizing compound PhenDC3 causes growth defects in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells, especially during S-phase in synchronized cultures. By visualizing individual DNA molecules, we observed shorter DNA fragments of newly replicated DNA in the PhenDC3-treated cells, suggesting that PhenDC3 impedes replication fork progression. Furthermore, a novel single DNA molecule damage assay revealed increased single-strand DNA lesions in the PhenDC3-treated cells. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed enrichment of the leading-strand DNA polymerase at sites of predicted G4 structures, suggesting that these structures impede DNA replication. We tested a subset of these sites and showed that they form G4 structures, that they stall DNA synthesis in vitro and that they can be resolved by the breast cancerassociated Pif1 family helicases. Our results thus suggest that G4 structures occur in S. pombe and that stabilized/unresolved G4 structures are obstacles for the replication machinery. The increased levels of DNA damage might further highlight the association of the human Pif1 helicase with familial breast cancer and the onset of other human diseases connected to unresolved G4 structures.
46.	Björnsson, Bergthor, et al. (författare) Digital twins to personalize medicine 2020 Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 12:1 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Personalized medicine requires the integration and processing of vast amounts of data. Here, we propose a solution to this challenge that is based on constructing Digital Twins. These are high-resolution models of individual patients that are computationally treated with thousands of drugs to find the drug that is optimal for the patient.
47.	Maertens, Jeroen, 1990, et al. (författare) Molecular-dynamics-simulation-guided membrane engineering allows the increase of membrane fatty acid chain length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2021 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The use of lignocellulosic-based fermentation media will be a necessary part of the transition to a circular bio-economy. These media contain many inhibitors to microbial growth, including acetic acid. Under industrially relevant conditions, acetic acid enters the cell predominantly through passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. The lipid composition of the membrane determines the rate of uptake of acetic acid, and thicker, more rigid membranes impede passive diffusion. We hypothesized that the elongation of glycerophospholipid fatty acids would lead to thicker and more rigid membranes, reducing the influx of acetic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to predict the changes in membrane properties. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis thaliana genes fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5 (GPAT5) increased the average fatty acid chain length. However, this did not lead to a reduction in the net uptake rate of acetic acid. Despite successful strain engineering, the net uptake rate of acetic acid did not decrease. We suggest that changes in the relative abundance of certain membrane lipid headgroups could mitigate the effect of longer fatty acid chains, resulting in a higher net uptake rate of acetic acid.
48.	Wanrooij, Paulina H., et al. (författare) Elimination of rNMPs from mitochondrial DNA has no effect on its stability 2020 Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:25, s. 14306-14313 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ribonucleotides (rNMPs) incorporated in the nuclear genome are a well-established threat to genome stability and can result in DNA strand breaks when not removed in a timely manner. However, the presence of a certain level of rNMPs is tolerated in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) although aberrant mtDNA rNMP content has been identified in disease models. We investigated the effect of incorporated rNMPs on mtDNA stability over the mouse life span and found that the mtDNA rNMP content increased during early life. The rNMP content of mtDNA varied greatly across different tissues and was defined by the rNTP/dNTP ratio of the tissue. Accordingly, mtDNA rNMPs were nearly absent in SAMHD1(-/-) mice that have increased dNTP pools. The near absence of rNMPs did not, however, appreciably affect mtDNA copy number or the levels of mtDNA molecules with deletions or strand breaks in aged animals near the end of their life span. The physiological rNMP load therefore does not contribute to the progressive loss of mtDNA quality that occurs as mice age.
49.	Mostad, Petter, 1964, et al. (författare) Mathematically optimal decisions in forensic age assessment 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Legal Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 136:3, s. 765-776 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Forensic age estimation generally involves considerable amounts of uncertainty. Forensic age indicators such as teeth or skeleton images predict age only approximately, and this is likely to remain true even for future forensic age indicators. Thus, forensic age assessment should aim to make the best possible decisions under uncertainty. In this paper, we apply mathematical theory to make statistically optimal decisions to age assessment. Such an application is fairly straightforward assuming there is a standardized procedure for obtaining age indicator information from individuals, assuming we have data from the application of this procedure to a group of persons with known ages, and assuming the starting point for each individual is a probability distribution describing prior knowledge about the persons age. The main problem is then to obtain such a prior. Our analysis indicates that individual priors rather than a common prior for all persons may be necessary. We suggest that caseworkers, based on individual case information, may select a prior from a menu of priors. We show how information may then be collected over time to gradually increase the robustness of the decision procedure. We also show how replacing individual prior distributions for age with individual prior odds for being above an age limit cannot be recommended as a general method. Our theoretical framework is applied to data where the maturity of the distal femur and the third molar is observed using MRI. As part of this analysis we observe a weak positive conditional correlation between maturity of the two body parts.
50.	Bergman, Penny, et al. (författare) Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review 2021 Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.

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