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2.
  • Fundin, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Challenges and propositions for research in quality management
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 199, s. 125-137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • From its inception, the field of quality management (QM) has been characterised by practice-driven development. Although QM has reached maturity as a field of research based on empirical enquiry, its practitioners still struggle to adapt QM implementations to reap their benefits. This study aims to identify their challenges to better understand how contemporary QM research addresses them. We propose approaches to bridge the potential relevance gaps between research and practice. A Delphi study of QM practitioners in Swedish private and public organisations, several of which operate globally, generated 49 challenges. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to cluster these challenges into themes, and the literature was reviewed to investigate how each theme has been addressed in QM research. The empirical investigation identified three themes related to future QM challenges—organisations’ adaptability to rapid changes in the business environment, quality as a strategic concern for business owners, and managerial ownership of quality. By analysing these challenges, six propositions for future research were proposed to reduce potential relevance gaps. Future research should focus on how to make QM a strategic concern for owners, and explore how it can contribute to organisational ambidexterity and adaptability. Research should also determine how context influences the way QM is applied, and investigate how it can improve organisational learning and innovation. Finally, research should indicate how top managers can adopt the responsibilities of quality managers, and explore the ways the principal values of QM can be better integrated into organisations.
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3.
  • INNOTRACK: Concluding technical report
  • 2010
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The track structure, rails, switches and crossings account for more than 50% of maintenance and renewal costs for the rail industry. To improve the competitiveness of rail transportation, the cost-efficiency of these areas needs to be addressed.This the background to INNOTRACK, an integrated research project funded by the European Commission’s 6th research framework pro- gramme. Running from September 2006 to December 2009, INN- OTRACK has developed a multitude of innovative solutions in the areas of track substructure, rails & welds, and switches & crossings. The solutions have been assessed from technical, logistics and life cycle cost point of views.This Concluding Technical Report of INNOTRACK includes an overview of the project. It further details implementable results, and clusters them into ”highlight” areas. In addition, the book acts as a ”key” to the vast amount of information from INNOTRACK: All sections refer to project reports where more information can be found.
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4.
  • Elg, Mattias, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • The Future of Work for Quality Management – Challenges in the Digitalized Era
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Purpose Digitalization provides both challenges and opportunities for Quality Management (QM). The purpose of this paper is to identify challenges induced by digitalization on current QM practices, in order to uncover the potential of how QM may support digitalization in organizations. This issue is addressed through an analytical framework that stresses two dimensions: first exploration and exploitation of digitalized QM processes and second value creation, which is performed by the customer or in interaction facilitated by the provider. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a cross-case study design with interview data collected from 33 quality management professionals in four large Swedish organizations. Findings Six different challenges and corresponding roles are proposed for QM: The gardener involved in the design of the many different currently utilized technologies; the bridge-builder - a role that connects implemented digitalized solutions that enable the movement from human-to-human to a human-to-digital interface; the assistant a contributor to better value in the customer sphere for already implemented digitalized solutions; the architect including planning, designs, and reviews together with many different stakeholders; the connector focusing on the continuous management of value-in-use and open up for  opportunities for continuous interaction and value-adding;  and explorer drawing attention towards the challenges of the existing power structures.  Originality/value This paper contributes with empirical evidence on challenges induced by digitalization, an area often discussed but not as often studied empirically.  Further, the study identifies challenges of digitalization affecting both exploitative and explorative practices throughout an organisations value-creation process.
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5.
  • Eriksson, Henrik, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring Quality Challenges and the Validity of Excellence Models
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Operations & Production Management. - 0144-3577 .- 1758-6593. ; 36:10, s. 1201-1221
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose is to identify and explore important quality-related challenges facing organizations, and how current excellence models incorporate these challenges.Methodology: The article is based on a Delphi study in Swedish organizations, 49 challenges were generated and ranked according to importance. The top 10 ranked challenges were compared to the principles of four excellence models.Findings: The excellence models seem to still be relevant since their content matches many of the challenges identified. The MBNQA and the SIQ models were found to have the most comprehensive coverage, while the ISO model had limited coverage.Research Limitations/Implications: Three areas for further research were identified: 1) how QM can evolve in different contexts with varying needs in terms of adaptive and explorative capabilities, 2) the interfaces of QM and sustainability, and ways to understand how customers and stakeholders can be active contributors to improvements and 3) the roles of the owners and board of directors in QM, and how to organize and distribute responsibilities of the QM work.Practical and Social Implications: Three important challenges could be addressed in upcoming revisions of excellence models: 1) making QM a strategic issue for company owners; 2) involving customers in the improvement activities; and 3) developing processes that are robust, while still easily adaptable.Originality/Value: The Delphi study has identified upcoming challenges in the QM area based on input from 188 quality professionals.
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6.
  • Schmidt, Bernard, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Context Awareness in Predictive Maintenance
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety<em></em>. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319235974 - 9783319235967 ; , s. 197-211
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Maintenance of assembly and manufacturing equipment is crucial to ensure productivity, product quality, on-time delivery, and a safe working environment. Predictive Maintenance approach utilizes the condition monitoring (CM) data to predict the future machine conditions and makes decisions upon this prediction. Recent development in CM leads to context aware approach where in parallel with CM measurements also data and information related to the context are gathered. Context could be operational condition, history of machine usage and performed maintenance actions. In general more obtained information gives better accuracy of prediction. It is important to track operational context in dynamically changing environment. Today in manufacturing we can observe shift from mass production to mass customisation. This leads to changes from long series of identical products to short series of different variants. Therefore implies changing operational conditions for manufacturing equipment. Moreover, where asset consist of multiple identical or similar equipment the context aware method can be used to combine in reliable way information. This should allow to increase accuracy of prediction for population as a whole as well as for each equipment instances. Same of those data have been already recorded and stored in industrial IT systems. However, it is distributed over different IT systems that are used by different functional units (e.g. maintenance department, production department, quality department, tooling department etc.). This paper is a conceptual paper based on initial research work and investigation in two manufacturing companies from automotive industry.
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7.
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8.
  • Heshmati, Mohsen, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Dependency of cohesive laws of a structural adhesive in Mode-I and Mode-II loading on moisture, freeze-thaw cycling, and their synergy
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Materials and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 122, s. 433-447
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, adhesive bonding has found its way to construction applications such as bridges. Given the harsh conditions that such structures are usually exposed to, it is necessary to account for environmental factors, particularly moisture and temperature, in the design phase. Cohesive zone modelling has attracted much attention in the last decade as a promising method to design adhesive joints. Despite this interest, the effects of moisture and thermal cycles on cohesive laws have not been investigated to the knowledge of the authors. In this paper, we present a method to directly measure the environmental-dependent cohesive laws of a structural adhesive loaded in pure Mode-I and Mode-II. Special consideration is given to overcome issues such as the time-consuming nature of moisture ingression and specimen dimensions, which could be problematic due to the size-limitations of conditioning equipment. The accuracy of this method was verified through simulation of the experiments using the finite element analysis. The effects of exposure to 95% relative humidity, immersion in saltwater and distilled water, and freeze-thaw cycles in the presence or absence of moisture were investigated. The results indicate the damaging effects of combined saltwater and freeze-thaw cycles which were clearly reflected on the shape of the cohesive laws.
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9.
  • Bergquist, Bjarne, et al. (författare)
  • Testing for motivation to engage in improvements : a conceptual framework and an initial empirical test
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-3363 .- 1478-3371. ; 25:11-12, s. 1224-1235
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for testing the motivation to engage in improvement work. The framework is based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB), that we suggest can be used to facilitate the implementation of improvement programmes. By using the model and probing intentions, attitudes, norms and perceived ability related to improvement work, we believe hindrances for implementation of improvement programmes will be exposed. When operationalising the framework we developed a survey instrument based on TPB and then made an initial empirical test by distributing it to 124 employees (response rate 67%) of three manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises. Factor analysis and regression were used to analyse the survey and follow-up interviews with employees and managers were used to validate the results. This initial test of the instrument showed that it has sound measurement properties, indicated by clear factor structure and good internal consistency. Interview data also validated that the instrument was able to capture important aspects related to implementation of improvement work. Based on the result, we conclude that TPB may be useful for guiding management actions. However, since our study only draws on a limited empirical sample, future research is needed to test the contextual validity.
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10.
  • Capaci, Francesca, et al. (författare)
  • Simulating and Analyzing Experiments in the Tennessee Eastman Process Simulator
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: ENBIS-15.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In many of today’s continuous processes, the data collection is usually performed automatically yielding exorbitant amount of data on various quality characteristics and inputs to the system. Moreover, such data are usually collected at high frequency introducing significant serial dependence in time. This violates the independent data assumption of many industrial statistics methods used in process improvement studies. These studies often involve controlled experiments to unearth the causal relationships to be used for robustness and optimization purposes.However real production processes are not suitable for studying new experimental methodologies, partly because unknown disturbances/experimental settings may lead to erroneous conclusions. Moreover large scale experimentation in production processes is frowned upon due to consequent disturbances and production delays. Hence realistic simulation of such processes offers an excellent opportunity for experimentation and methodological development.One commonly used process simulator is the Tennessee Eastman (TE) challenge chemical process simulator (Downs & Vogel, 1993)[1]. The process produces two products from four reactants, containing 41 measured variables and 12 manipulated variables. In addition to the process description, the problem statement defines process constraints, 20 types of process disturbances, and six operating modes corresponding to different production rates and mass ratios in the product stream.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of the TE process with an appropriate feedback control as a test-bed for the methodological developments of new experimental design and analysis techniques.The paper illustrates how two-level experimental designs can be used to identify how the input factors affect the outputs in a chemical process.Simulations using Matlab/Simulink software are used to study the impact of e.g. process disturbances, closed loop control and autocorrelated data on different experimental arrangements.The experiments are analysed using a time series analysis approach to identify input-output relationships in a process operating in closed-loop with multivariate responses. The dynamics of the process are explored and the necessary run lengths for stable effect estimates are discussed.
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11.
  • Liwång, Hans, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative risk analysis – Ship security analysis for effective risk control options
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 58:1, s. 98-112
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study reviews ship security assessment. The objectives are to explore the possibilities for quantifying and performing a more thorough ship security risk analysis than that described in the International Ship and Port Facility Security code and to evaluate to what extent this more detailed analysis increases ship security and facilitate the effective selection of risk control options.The study focuses on Somali-based maritime piracy, using piracy on the Indian Ocean as a case study. Data are collected using questionnaires and interviews with civilian and military security experts who possess firsthand experience of piracy off the coast of Somalia. The data are collected specifically for this study and describe and quantify the threat’s capability, intent and likelihood of exploiting a ship’s vulnerability. Based on the collected description of the threat, the study analyzes and describes: probability of detection by pirates, probability of successful approach, and probability of successful boarding.The performed work shows good agreement between calculated probabilities and frequencies in the cited incident reports. Also, the developed scenarios describe the most important influences on the analysed areas. The research therefore shows that the proposed risk-based approach, which uses structurally collected and documented information on the threat, can increase ship security by assisting in selecting risk control options. The approach also allows for a better understanding of the causal relationship between threat and risk than that provided in today’s security analysis by ship owners, for example. This understanding is crucial to choosing effective and robust risk control options.
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12.
  • Nyström, Monica E., et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the potential of a multi-level approach to improve capability for continuous organizational improvement and learning in a Swedish healthcare region
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BMC Health Serv Res. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Eldercare and care of people with functional impairments is organized by the municipalities in Sweden. Improving care in these areas is complex, with multiple stakeholders and organizations. Appropriate strategies to develop capability for continuing organizational improvement and learning (COIL) are needed. The purpose of our study was to develop and pilot-test a flexible, multilevel approach for COIL capability building and to identify what it takes to achieve changes in key actors' approaches to COIL. The approach, named "Sustainable Improvement and Development through Strategic and Systematic Approaches" (SIDSSA), was applied through an action-research and action-learning intervention. Methods: The SIDSSA approach was tested in a regional research and development (R&D) unit, and in two municipalities handling care of the elderly and people with functional impairments. Our approach included a multilevel strategy, development loops of five flexible phases, and an action-learning loop. The approach was designed to support systems understanding, strategic focus, methodological practices, and change process knowledge-all of which required double-loop learning. Multiple qualitative methods, i.e., repeated interviews, process diaries, and documents, provided data for conventional content analyses. Results: The new approach was successfully tested on all cases and adopted and sustained by the R&D unit. Participants reported new insights and skills. The development loop facilitated a sense of coherence and control during uncertainty, improved planning and problem analysis, enhanced mapping of context and conditions, and supported problem-solving at both the individual and unit levels. The systems-level view and structured approach helped participants to explain, motivate, and implement change initiatives, especially after working more systematically with mapping, analyses, and goal setting. Conclusions: An easily understood and generalizable model internalized by key organizational actors is an important step before more complex development models can be implemented. SIDSSA facilitated individual and group learning through action-learning and supported systems-level views and structured approaches across multiple organizational levels. Active involvement of diverse organizational functions and levels in the learning process was facilitated. However, the time frame was too short to fully test all aspects of the approach, specifically in reaching beyond the involved managers to front-line staff and patients.
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13.
  • Richter Sundberg, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Reaching beyond the review of research evidence : a qualitative study of decision making during the development of clinical practice guidelines for disease prevention in healthcare
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 17:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The judgment and decision making process during guideline development is central for producing high-quality clinical practice guidelines, but the topic is relatively underexplored in the guideline research literature. We have studied the development process of national guidelines with a disease-prevention scope produced by the National board of Health and Welfare (NBHW) in Sweden. The NBHW formal guideline development model states that guideline recommendations should be based on five decision-criteria: research evidence; curative/preventive effect size, severity of the condition; cost-effectiveness; and ethical considerations. A group of health profession representatives (i.e. a prioritization group) was assigned the task of ranking condition-intervention pairs for guideline recommendations, taking into consideration the multiple decision criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the decision making process during the two-year development of national guidelines for methods of preventing disease.METHODS: A qualitative inductive longitudinal case study approach was used to investigate the decision making process. Questionnaires, non-participant observations of nine two-day group meetings, and documents provided data for the analysis. Conventional and summative qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data.RESULTS: The guideline development model was modified ad-hoc as the group encountered three main types of dilemmas: high quality evidence vs. low adoptability of recommendation; insufficient evidence vs. high urgency to act; and incoherence in assessment and prioritization within and between four different lifestyle areas. The formal guideline development model guided the decision-criteria used, but three new or revised criteria were added by the group: 'clinical knowledge and experience', 'potential guideline consequences' and 'needs of vulnerable groups'. The frequency of the use of various criteria in discussions varied over time. Gender, professional status, and interpersonal skills were perceived to affect individuals' relative influence on group discussions.CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that guideline development groups make compromises between rigour and pragmatism. The formal guideline development model incorporated multiple aspects, but offered few details on how the different criteria should be handled. The guideline development model devoted little attention to the role of the decision-model and group-related factors. Guideline development models could benefit from clarifying the role of the group-related factors and non-research evidence, such as clinical experience and ethical considerations, in decision-processes during guideline development.
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14.
  • Westerlund, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Managing the initiation and early implementation of health promotion interventions : a study of a parental support programme in primary care
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 31:1, s. 128-138
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are increasing among children and adolescents worldwide, and parental support programmes have been suggested as one preventive intervention. However, the actual impact and low rates of adoption and sustainability of prevention programmes have proven to be a concern, and thus, further studies on their implementation are needed.AIM: This study focused on the initial implementation of the International Child Development Programme (ICDP) in primary care. The aim was to investigate the involved actors' views on factors likely to affect implementation and the strategies used to manage them.DESIGN: A case study design with a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data from questionnaires and interviews was used.METHODS: Eighty-two professionals at different positions in the involved organisations participated. Directed content analysis was used for analyses, focusing on perceived levels of importance and the manifestation of implementation factors.FINDINGS: Interviews and questionnaires provided descriptions of factors influencing the initial ICDP implementation. Uncertainty on how to manage important factors and vague change strategies was reported. Discrepancies in the perceived levels of importance versus manifestation were found regarding several factors, including hands-on support, time and resources, communication and information, a comprehensive plan of action, follow-ups, and external and internal collaborations. Manifested factors were a need for change, motivation and the ICDP's compatibility with existing norms, values and practices.CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a parental support programme in a complex setting will benefit from being preceded by a thorough examination of the intervention and the target context and the development of clear implementation strategies based on the results of that examination. This study provides insights into how and by whom knowledge on implementation is applied during the launch of a health promotion programme, and these insights might help increase the rate of adoption and the use of such programmes and thereby increase their effectiveness.
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15.
  • Yang, Shun-Han, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Parametric study of the dynamic motions and mechanical characteristics of power cables for wave energy converters
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marine Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-4280 .- 1437-8213. ; 23:1, s. 10-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A case study of a point-absorber wave energy converter (WEC) system is presented. The WEC system forms an array, with several WECs located around a central hub to which they are each connected by a short, free-hanging power cable. The objective of the study is to analyse the dynamic characteristics and estimate the fatigue life of the power cable which is not yet in use or available on the commercial market. Hence, a novel approach is adopted in the study considering that the power cable’s length is restricted by several factors (e.g., the clearances between the service vessel and seabed and the cable), and the cable is subject to motion and loading from the WEC and to environmental loads from waves and currents (i.e., dynamic cable). The power cable’s characteristics are assessed using a numerical model subjected to a parametric analysis, in which the environmental parameters and the cable’s design parameters are varied. The results of the numerical simulations are compared and discussed regarding the responses of the power cables, including dynamic motion, curvature, cross-sectional forces, and accumulated fatigue damage. The effects of environmental conditions on the long-term mechanical life spans of the power cables are also investigated. Important cable design parameters that result in a long power cable (fatigue) service life are identified, and the cable service life is predicted. This study contributes a methodology for the first-principle design of WEC cables that enables the prediction of cable fatigue life by considering environmental conditions and variations in cable design parameters.
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16.
  • Högman, Ulf, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Requirements on New Technology and the Technology Implementation Process
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: 8th International NordDesign Conference, NordDesign 2010; Goteborg; Sweden; 25 August 2010 through 27 August 2010. ; 2, s. 289-300
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In literature, many authors have pointed to the importance of technology and technology development for company competitiveness. In this study we aim to study the technology in more detail and attempt to develop an understanding on the requirements and needs on “technology” from the perspective of product development. The research question which we aim to answer in this study is:“What are the requirements on maturity of technology when this technology is about to enter into the product development process?“A qualitative research strategy, based on three study cases involving 17 interviewees, has been chosen. All three cases come from one single company, Volvo Aero Corporation (VAC) in Sweden, in the context of the aero engine industry. The study contributes with a broad mapping of requirements and how they relate to different categories of technologies, showing big differences both regarding content and timing. It is concluded that attention should be payed both to how the organization builds new capabilities and to the capabilities of the technology itself. A surprisingly complicated picture on the requirements relating to the implementation of new technologies has emerged in the study. This contributes to the understanding regarding the difficulties of developing new technology and integrating it into an application.
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17.
  • Nyström, Monica, et al. (författare)
  • Locally based research and development units as knowledge brokers and change facilitators in health and social care of older people in Sweden
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Evidence & Policy. - : Policy Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 11:1, s. 57-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article investigates the role of locally based research and development units (R&Ds) focusing on health and social services. Nearly 300 Local R&Ds are funded by the Swedish government with the intention to facilitate knowledge transfer and development of high quality and effective health and social care organisations. Based on analyses of archival data on aims, activities and outputs of R&Ds focusing on care for older people the authors argue that Local R&Ds have potentials to act as knowledge brokers, change agents and researchers, but these overlapping roles need clarified strategies and enactment of a variety of skills.
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18.
  • Schmidt, Bernard, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Big data in maintenance decision support systems : aggregation of disparate data types
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Euromaintenance 2016 Conference Proceedings. - 9786188260108 ; , s. 503-512
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • There is need to obtain reliable information on current and future asset health status to support maintenance decision making process. Within maintenance two main sources of data can be distinguished: Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) for asset registry and maintenance work records; and Condition Monitoring Systems (CM) for direct asset components health state monitoring. There are also other sources of information like SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) for process and control monitoring that can provide additional contextual information leading to better decision making. However data produced acquired and processed and in those system are of disparate types, nature and granularity. This variety includes: event data about failures or performed maintenance work mostly descriptions in unstructured natural language; process variables obtained from different types of sensors and different physical variables from transducers, acquired with different sampling frequencies. Indeed, condition monitoring data are so disparate in nature that maintainers deal with scalars (temperature) through waveforms (vibration) to 2D thermography images and 3D data from machine geometry measuring. Integration and aggregation of those data is not a trivial task and requires modelling of knowledge about those data types, their mutual dependencies and dependencies with monitored processes. There are some attempts of standardisation that try to enable integration of CBM data from different sources. The conversion of those amount of data in meaningful data sets is required for better machine health assessment and tracking within the specific operational context for the asset. This will also enhance the maintenance decision support system with information on how different operational condition can affect the reliability of the asset for concrete contextual circumstances.
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19.
  • Schmidt, Bernard, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Next Generation Condition Based Predictive Maintenance
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of The 6<sup>th</sup> International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - 9789198097412
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Maintenance of assembly and manufacturing equipment is crucial to ensure productivity, product quality, on-time delivery, and a safe working environment. Predictive Maintenance is an approach that utilises the condition monitoring data to predict the future machine conditions and make decisions upon this prediction. The main aim of the presented research is to achieve an improvement in condition based Predictive Maintenance through the Cloud-based approach with usage of the largest information content possible. The objective of this paper is to outline the first steps of a framework to handle and process maintenance, production and factory related data from the first life-cycle phase to the operation and maintenance phase.
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20.
  • Isaksson, Raine, et al. (författare)
  • Towards a Model for Measuring University Sustainability
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Intellectual Capital 2013. - Reading, UK : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 9781909507159 - 9781909507135 ; , s. 213-221
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The multitude of challenges related to sustainable development require, not only a shift in mind-set but also high competence in most sectors of employment. But how could we know if a university education is going to provide necessary competence in sustainable development? A model being developed to measure university sustainability is the Assessment Instrument of Sustainability in Higher Education (AISHE). Using the logic of self-assessment and based on the Triple Bottom Line this model deals with operations, education, research, interaction with society and core values with a so called identity module. The model makes an operationalization of sustainable development and its structure should be usable for constructing a quick assessment system similar to those of many business excellence models. Finding out the level of university sustainability is clearly not very easy for presumptive students. Furthermore, we can assume that since being sustainable is politically correct there is a risk of “sustainability washing” of information provided. Current university ranking systems do not seem to correspond well with how universities are working with sustainable development. The research question is if the AISHE-model could be converted into a credible quick assessment tool by relying on information provided by the university web-site. For this to work the university needs to have a culture that promotes transparency. With the rapid development of information technology it could be expected that more and more countries will have the conditions for using web-sites for providing the necessary information. Swedish university web-sites are used for testing the model. Sweden has a high level of transparency and is therefore thought to form a suitable example. This paper deals with conceptual development of the assessment model. Further studies will be carried out to validate the model. Results indicate that a structured web-site analysis can be used to quantify information that is organised according to chosen parts of the AISHE-model. The first results indicate that Swedish universities still have a long way to go in becoming sustainable. 
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21.
  • Hellman, Pasi, et al. (författare)
  • Development of Quality Management Systems : How Have Disruptive Technological Innovations in Quality Management Affected Organizations?
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Quality Innovation Prosperity. - : Quality Innovation Prosperity. - 1335-1745 .- 1338-984X. ; 17:1, s. 104-119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This research investigates the history of quality and development of quality management systems. History of quality is investigated from Hammurabi’s law all the way to today’s reigning quality initiatives including ISO, Six Sigma and Lean manufacturing. In the last chapters the current state of quality management is being examined. The foresight method is also opened up and examined. The Innovator’s dilemma concept, originally presented by Clayton Christensen, is used to analyse how quality management systems have been evolved in the last 100 years. Special emphasis is placed on the US manufacturing in the 1970s and 1980s. Based on the literature, the concept of Innovator’s dilemma and the fall of US manufacturing are merged. The result is a prime example that the Innovator’s Dilemma is a universal phenomenon. The industry leader is trying to maintain its position and do everything right but still it is destined to fail. The causes and effects are being discussed in later chapters.
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22.
  • Si, Shubin, et al. (författare)
  • Benchmarking and developing the operational competitiveness of Chinese state-owned manufacturing enterprises in a global context
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation and Learning. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1471-8197 .- 1741-8089. ; 7:2, s. 202-222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to study the operational competitiveness of Chinese State-Owned Manufacturing Enterprises (CSOMEs) by analysing the case CSOME and comparing it with other global manufacturing companies in a Global Manufacturing Strategies (GMSS) database for developing innovation and learning. Analytical models are used to analyse the operational competitiveness of the case CSOME and its subsidiaries based on the weights of the multicriteria manufacturing strategies. The operational competitiveness development of its subsidiaries are applied to predict the future operational competitiveness of the case CSOME in a global context. The results show that quality is the most important competitive priority of the case CSOME and the case CSOME have some advantages when competing in a prospector group. The ranking and stability of the operational competitiveness of the case CSOME imply that: (1) the top CSOMEs have a strong operational competitiveness in the global context; however, they have some gaps compared to the top manufacturing enterprises in the world and (2) it will take a long time for the top CSOMEs to improve their operational competitiveness because of a huge organisational structure. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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23.
  • Steins, Krisjanis (författare)
  • Towards Increased Use of Discrete-Event Simulation for Hospital Resource Planning
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Health care systems in many countries are experiencing a growing demand while their resources remain limited. The discrepancy between demand and capacity creates many problems – long waiting times for treatment, overcrowding in hospital wards, high workload, etc. More efficient delivery of health care services can be achieved by better planning of its resources so that the mismatch between demand and capacity is minimized. Planning health care resources, including hospital resources, is difficult due to system complexity and variability in both resource availability and demand. Discrete-event simulation and other operational research methods can be used for solving planning problems in health care, and have been gaining increased attention from researchers during recent decades. Despite the growing number of academic publications, simulation appears to be less used in health care than in other application areas and only a small proportion of simulation studies is actually implemented.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to increased use of discrete-event simulation in hospital resource planning. The separate studies regarding intensive care unit capacity planning, operating room allocation strategies and the management of emergency patient flow in a radiology department highlight both the possibilities and the requirements for practical application of discrete-event simulation in hospital resource planning. The studies are described in five papers.In the first paper, the relationship between intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy and patient outcomes was investigated and the results showed that risk adjusted mortality was higher in the group of patients who were treated during high levels of occupancy. This indicates that appropriate planning of ICU resources is necessary to avoid adverse effects on patient outcomes.In the second paper, analysis of a relatively simple care chain consisting of two hospital departments – emergency and radiology – revealed a process that was not very well defined and measured. Investigation into data availability uncovered disparate information systems storing incompatible and fragmented data. It suggests that the current degree of process orientation and the current IT infrastructure does not enable efficient use of quantitative process analysis and management tools such as simulation.In the third paper, the value and possibilities of using simulation modelling in hospital resource planning were examined through the development and use of a simulation model for improved operating room time allocation and patient flow in a hospital operating department. The model was initially used for studying overcrowding in a post-anaesthesia care unit. Advanced planning logic implemented in the model enabled evaluation of several different scenarios aiming to improve the utilization of operating room resources. The results showed that it is possible to achieve slightly better and more even resource utilization, as well as provide greater flexibility in scheduling operations.In the fourth paper, a generic ICU model was developed and validated using data from four different hospital ICUs. The model was adapted and calibrated stepwise in order to identify important parameters and their values to obtain a match between model predictions and actual data. The study showed that in presence of high quality data and well defined process logic it is possible to develop a generic ICU simulation model that could provide accurate decision support for planning critical care resources.In the fifth paper, a number of factors that can contribute to successful implementation of simulation results in health care were identified. The timing of the simulation study must be right to support a critical decision, the benefit from implementation should clearly outweigh the cost of making the necessary changes and the model should be thoroughly validated to increase the credibility of the results. Staff involvement in simulation modelling activities, availability of good quality data, as well as proper incentives to improve the system contribute to implementation as well. These findings can help in establishing the conditions for successful implementation in future applications of simulation modelling in health care.
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24.
  • Aldenlöv, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • Public procurement of railway infrastructuremaintenance : a literature review
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization. - Lyngby : Polyteknisk Boghandel og Forlag. - 9788750211259 ; , s. 10-21
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The maintenance of railway infrastructure has in several instances been changed from government-based to being based on public procurement, with varying degrees of flexibility for the contractor to design their maintenance work. The purpose of-giving contractors a larger freedom of choice of how to perform maintenance is to stimulate them to innovate and develop their maintenance processes. Since the contracts differ in between and there are changes in government policies over time that affects both existing and new contracts, a comparison between different contracts becomes challenging. A literature review has been conducted to understand the change in procurement strategy and how to encourage contractors to innovate. The research questions include: What procurement strategies are there? How is maintenance evaluated? How does procurement affect the innovation opportunities for entrepreneurs?The literature review focuses on railway maintenance and contract design between client and contractor. In total, 17 articles matched the search criteria and were selected for the review. To have successful maintenance service, five articles suggested partnering as a strategy with common goals in combination with good communication during the entirety of the contract. When selecting incentive plan, four articles mentions that a focus on performance-based incentives in combination with riskmanagement is better rather than actual payment schemes. The reason being that payment is often themain cause of conflicts between client and contractor. The scientific literature suggests that improvement in incentives improves quality of maintenance, decreases delays and technical failures. The conclusion from the literature review is that partnering in railway maintenance is considered successful. With accurate knowledge about railway assets the incentive plan becomes accurate which reduces costs.The literature review is a part of a research project with an overall goal to develop a model to guide the selection of appropriate type of procurement strategy, contract and control of maintenance for a moresustainable railway system.
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25.
  • Bergquist, Bjarne, et al. (författare)
  • Alive and kicking–but will Quality Management be around tomorrow? A Swedish academia perspective
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Quality Innovation Prosperity. - : Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling. - 1335-1745 .- 1338-984X. ; 16:2, s. 1-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this article is to describe how Quality Management (QM) is perceived today by scholars at three Swedish universities, and into what QM is expected to develop into in twenty years. Data were collected through structured workshops using affinity diagrams with scholars teaching and performing research in the QM field. The results show that QM currently is perceived as consisting of a set of core of principles, methods and tools. The future outlook includes three possible development directions for QM are seen: [1] searching for a “discipline X” where QM can contribute while keeping its toolbox, [2] focus on a core based on the traditional quality technology toolbox with methods and tools, and [3] a risk that QM, as it is today, may seize to exist and be diffused into other disciplines.
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26.
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27.
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28.
  • Forslund, Anders, 1982 (författare)
  • Uncertainty and Robustness in Aerospace Structures
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Engineering is not an exact science. In fact, all engineering activity contain some degree of assumption, simplification, idealization, and abstraction. When engineered creations meet reality, every manufactured product behaves differently. This variation can be detrimental to product quality and functionality. In an aerospace context, this variation may even result in serious threats to the safety and reliability of aircraft. However, it is not the variation in and of itself that is harmful, but the effects it imposes on functionality—an important distinction to make. Reducing sources of variation is often associated with tightening tolerances and increasing cost. Instead, it is preferable to eliminate the effects of this variation by making designs more robust. This idea is at the core of robust design methodology. Aerospace is an industry characterized by the complexity of its products and the multidisciplinary nature of its product development. In such contexts, there are significant barriers against implementing uncertainty-based design practices. The research presented in this thesis aims at identifying the role of robust design in general, and geometry assurance in particular, in the early phases of aerospace component design. Further, this thesis proposes a methodology by which geometry assurance practices may be implemented in this setting. The methodology consists of a modelling approach linked to a multidisciplinary simulation environment. In a series of case studies, the methodology is tested in an industrial setting. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated through several applications, in which the effects of geometric variation on the aerodynamic, thermal, and structural performance of a load-bearing turbofan component are analysed. Investigated effects include part variation, fixture variation, part configuration and welding. The proposed methodology overcomes many of the current barriers, making it more feasible to assess geometric variation in the early design phases. Despite some limitations, the methodology contributes to an academic understanding of how to evaluate geometric variation in multidisciplinary simulations and provides a tool for industry. Geometric variation is only one source of uncertainty amongst many others. By evaluating geometric variation against the framework of uncertainty quantification, this thesis addresses the relative importance of geometry assurance against other product development activities.
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29.
  • Nyström, Monica, et al. (författare)
  • Concurrent implementation of quality improvement programs. Coordination or conflict?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0952-6862 .- 1758-6542. ; 27:3, s. 190-208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose– Competing activities and projects can interfere with implementing new knowledge and approaches. The purpose, therefore, was to investigate processes and impact related to implementing two concurrent quality initiatives in a Swedish hospital. These were a regionally initiated, system-wide organizational learning programme called the Dynamic and Viable Organization (DVO) and a national initiative on stopping healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired infections (SHAI). Both undertakings aspired to increase staff competence in systematic improvement approaches.Design/methodology/approach– Multiple methods were applied including surveys, observations, interviews, process diaries, documents and organizational measurements. Respondents were unit managers, change facilitators and improvement team members.Findings– Even though both initiatives shared the same improvement approach, there was no strong indication that they were strategically combined to benefit each other. The initiatives existed side by side with some coordination and some conflict. Despite absent management strategies to utilize the national SHAI initiative, positive developments in QI culture and communication were reported. The current study illustrates the inherent difficulties coordinating change initiatives, even in favourable circumstances.Orginality/value– This article addresses the lesser studied but common situation of coinciding and competing projects in organizations.
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30.
  • Nyström, Monica Elisabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Change and learning strategies in large scale change programs : describing the variation of strategies used in a health promotion program
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Organizational Change Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0953-4814 .- 1758-7816. ; 26:6, s. 1020-1044
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose The study identifies the variation of change strategies used in a complex large scale change program in health and social services in Sweden, aimed at changing professionals' health promoting practices. The purpose is to investigate the change strategies used over time and describe the potential variation in key change agent views, using a framework inspired by De Caluwe and Vermaak's multi paradigm change typology.Design/methodology/approach The first six years of the regional multi-sector program are examined. Results are based on content analyses of interviews with key change actors, and archival data describing program activities. Respondents belonged to either the strategic or the operational program management team, representing different sectors of health and social services in a region.Findings Multiple strategy paradigms showed varying influence over the program's different phases, partly due to program progress, change agent influence and/or varying contextual demands. Respondents' views on strategies and program focus varied depending on their program roles. Respondents expressed insights about the varying conditions for change and on the conflicting expectations within and between program management teams.Originality/value This study introduces the application of a new framework on a large scale, complex change program. The framework sheds light on a number of basic assumptions and change strategies that can be further compared with content and context factors, barriers, facilitators, outcomes, and in turn with other programs.
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31.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Facilitating system-wide organizational change in health care
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1756-669X .- 1756-6703. ; 7:1, s. 72-89
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the role of an intra-organizational change facilitating function (CFF) in relation to a multi-level development initiative in a health care organization. Involved actors’ views on factors in need of attention and how the CFF related to these factors were studied.Design/methodology/approach: A longitudinal case study design was used, combining data from questionnaires, process diaries and interviews with employees at the CFF, managers and clinic staff.Findings: Factors on micro, meso and macro levels, crucial to attend to, were highlighted by respondents at staff and managerial levels. The CFF related to some of these factors by acting upon them, or by developing plans to handle them, while other factors were unattended to. The CFF activities also had indirect influence on other factors. The CFF role and responsibilities were not clearly defined beforehand, and a need to clarify a division of roles and responsibilities is highlighted.Research limitations/implications: Our study contributes to current knowledge on facilitation of change by relating it to an organizational dimension of implementation.Practical implications: The description of important factors to handle during a large organizational change process and issues a CFF can encounter may aid others involved in designing and managing large organizational development initiatives.Originality/value:The study elaborates on less studied functions and roles of an intra-organizational CFF in relation to factors of vital importance for organizational change and development in health-care organizations.
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32.
  • Blecken, Godecke-Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Stormwater impact on urban waterways in a cold climate: variations in sediment metal concentrations due to untreated snowmelt discharge
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 12:5, s. 758-773
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Stormwater discharges include contaminated sediments that accumulate in the receiving water body. It is thus important to investigate sediment and pollutant processes and pathways from the catchment to, and within, the receiving water. These processes may be influenced by seasonal changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the stormwater impact on receiving waters in the Luleå area, Northern Sweden; seasonal changes in contamination loads in the receiving waters due to snowmelt; and factors influencing the pollutant pathways in the receiving waters.Materials and methods: In front of three storm sewer outlets in Luleå, samples of bottom sediment (surface layer 0-2 cm) were collected from the connecting ditches and the downstream water body in autumn and spring (before and after the snow season 2009/2010). The characteristics of the receiving waters differed in geomorphology and vegetation. The sediment was analyzed for loss-on-ignition (LOI), grain size, and bulk concentrations of SiO 2, Al 2O 3, CaO, Fe 2O 3, MnO, Na 2O, P 2O 5, TiO 2, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, S, V, and Zn. The sediment contamination was compared to concentrations at a reference point in Luleå where the bottom sediment was not affected by stormwater discharges and with Swedish environmental quality guidelines. Pearson's correlation and a principal component analysis were used to further evaluate the results.Results and discussion: Relative to the reference point, elevated trace metal concentrations were detected in sediments at all three sampling stations. At two of the stations, seasonal variations in ditch sediment grain size, LOI, and contaminant concentrations were observed, originating from stormwater sediment. Snowmelt runoff caused an increased proportion of fine-grained sediment fractions (<0.063 mm) in spring, mainly due to changes in runoff intensity and high sediment loads in the snowmelt runoff. The retention of metals appeared to be due to low turbulence in the water and the presence of organic material.Conclusions: Stormwater discharge affected the contaminant concentrations in the bottom sediments. The observed seasonal variation of contaminants indicated that relatively high amounts of contaminants are discharged during snowmelt and then reallocated within the receiving water body, either directly or after some temporal retention, depending on the characteristics of the receiving water. A calm water column and the presence of organic material in the receiving water body were crucial for the retention of metals.
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33.
  • Brown, Terrence, et al. (författare)
  • Twenty-five years and counting : an analysis of the Journal of Strategic Marketing
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Strategic Marketing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-254X .- 1466-4488. ; 26:2, s. 125-139
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article presents a content analysis of the Journal of Strategic Marketing (JSM) over 24 years from the journal's inception in 1993 to 2017. No similar attempt on an analysis of JSM has been found. Analyses were completed to examine how the journal has developed and to uncover relevant information for editors, reviewers, researchers and future authors of JSM by analysing research themes, author and manuscript characteristics, and citation metrics. The findings reveal an increase in multi-authored articles, an increase in empirical research and in the internationalization of researchers. These and other factors illuminate sources and implications of the journal's current state. The relevance of these findings is discussed as it pertains to the future success and publishing opportunities in the Journal of Strategic Marketing.
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34.
  • Isaksson, Raine, et al. (författare)
  • A Preliminary Model for Assessing University Sustainability from the Student Perspective
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 5:9, s. 3690-3701
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper assesses university sustainability from the perspective of the interested student. A set of questions for a university website analysis is proposed and preliminary results for Swedish universities are presented. The university website analysis intends to emulate a student looking for a university working with sustainable development. University ranking is compared with the results from the sustainability assessment. Results from the study are based on university website analysis of 18 Swedish universities out of a total of 30. Universities are grouped in high ranked, low ranked and benchmark universities. For the majority of the studied universities it was possible to extract the information needed for a sustainability assessment from the website, which indicates that further development of the method is of interest. The average level of performance in the assessment was found to be less than 50% of the maximum of the proposed scale. With Sweden generally being a leading nation in sustainable development the results are below of what could be expected. Ranking, based on the Swedish ranking system does not seem to predict university sustainability performance. The indication is that Gothenburg University, while having further improvement potential, could be considered a benchmark in the Swedish context.
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35.
  • Rentz, Ralf, et al. (författare)
  • Stormwater impact on urban water bodies : seasonal variations in sediment metal concentrations in a cold climate - preliminary results
  • 2011
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this paper, preliminary results of a study investigating the impact of stormwater discharges on the bottom sediment of stormwater recipients in Luleå, northern Sweden are presented. The aim was to evaluate sediment metal concentrations taken in front of stormwater sewer discharge points from two ditches/recipients, their seasonal variation and the influence of geomorphology and vegetation on the metal distribution. Compared with northern Sweden background values, the Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the sediment samples were elevated. However, besides stormwater discharges, local sulphide soils in the catchment areas can affect the metal concentrations. Partly, seasonal variations in the metal concentrations were noticed; higher metal concentrations were observed in spring associated with a high LOI content and large fractions of fine grain size particles (<0.125 mm). Low/no runoff in winter and metal accumulation in snow followed by continuous snow melt runoff transports mostly fine grain sizes and therewith associated metals, which then settle and accumulate in the ditches/recipients. Dense reed vegetation can retain coarse grain sizes and supplies the sediment with decomposing organic material. Decomposition processes affect the redox conditions in the sediment through oxygen consumption. In the reduced sediment metals can be trapped in combination with sulphide formation.
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36.
  • Evertsson, Magnus, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Control systems for improvement of cone crusher yield and operation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Comminution '14.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Gyratory and cone crushers are regaining interest and are becoming more frequently used in order to create more energy efficient comminution circuits. A typical example is found in coarse comminution circuits were HPGRs are used as a first milling stage. In this case the preparation of a suitable feed with a well-defined width of the particle size distribution and a controlled top size are of high importance. In turn, this emphasizes the importance of a stable and controlled operation of the preceding crushing stages. Control systems for cone and gyratory crushers were first introduced during the early 60ths. The common opinion is that if these systems are able to compensate for the wear of the crushing liners the production yield can be increased with 20-25%. Over the years these types of systems have been widely used but the theory behind the principles have not been thoroughly scientifically scrutinized and presented. Of special interest is the capability to protect the crushers from long term overloading commonly defined as fatigue.With developments in electronics and plant control the crusher control systems have become more refined over the years. Though, there are sometimes conflicting interests in the control strategies between process requirements and crusher protection. In the paper an overview of the challenges, opportunities and existing control systems for cone and gyratory crushers is presented. A requirement specification for a system that is possible to fully integrate into modern plant control systems is outlined.
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37.
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38.
  • Linnéusson, Gary, et al. (författare)
  • Towards strategic development of maintenance and its effects on production performance by using system dynamics in the automotive industry
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 200, s. 151-169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Managing maintenance within an economical short-termism framework, without considering the consequential long-term cost effect, is very common in industry. This research presents a novel conceptual system dynamics model for the study of the dynamic behaviors of maintenance performance and costs, which aims to illuminate insights for the support of the long-term, strategic development of manufacturing maintenance. By novel, we claim the model promotes a system's view of maintenance costs that include its dynamic consequential costs as the combined result of several interacting maintenance levels throughout the constituent feedback structures. These range from the applied combination of maintenance methodologies to the resulting proactiveness in production, which is based on the rate of continuous improvements arising from the root cause analyses of breakdowns. The purpose of using system dynamics is to support the investigations of the causal relationships between strategic initiatives and performance results, and to enable analyses that take into consideration the time delays between different actions, in order to support the sound formulation of policies to develop maintenance and production performances. The model construction and validation process has been supported by two large maintenance organizations operating in the Swedish automotive industry. Experimental results show that intended changes can have both short and long-term consequences, and that obvious and hidden dynamic behavioral effects, which have not been reported in the literature previously, may be in the system. We believe the model can help to illuminate the holistic value of maintenance on the one hand and support its strategic development as well as the organizational transformation into proactiveness on the other.
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39.
  • Reed, Sean, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Quantified economic and environmental values through Functional Productization : A simulation approach
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 70, s. 71-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial companies rely on hardware and services from external providers to deliver functions that are critical to their operations, increasingly demanding solutions that not only meet technical and availability requirements but are sustainable too. Traditionally, industrial companies choose and purchase hardware and maintenance support to fulfil their functional requirements. An alternative arrangement, known as Functional Product (FP), involves external providers supplying customers with the functionality they require through contracts that specify guaranteed functional availability whilst giving providers freedom to choose and retain ownership of the supplied hardware and services. This paper describes an innovative simulation modelling and optimization approach to quantitatively compare economic and environmental values resulting from transition from traditional to FP arrangements. The approach is demonstrated through the analysis of a scenario involving a hydraulic drive system provider and set of customers in Sweden, with the results exhibiting simultaneous improvement in economic and environmental values at each stage of the transition.
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40.
  • Holmbom, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Performance-based logistics – an illusive panacea or a concept for the future?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 25:7, s. 958-979
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to summarize previously reported benefits, drawbacks and important aspects for implementation of performance-based logistics (PBL), and to identify knowledge gaps.Design/methodology/approach– This is a literature review based on 101 articles. The reviewed articles are relevant to PBL in particular, but also to performance contracting, product-service systems (PSS) and servitization in general. The research method involved database searches, filtering results and reviewing publications.Findings– PBL is a business concept that aims to reduce the customer's total costs for capital-intensive products and increase the supplier's profit. The design of the contract, performance measurements and payment models are important aspects for successful implementation. However, the authors find a reason for concern to be the lack of empirical evidence of the profitability of PBL for the customer and the supplier.Originality/value– This literature review of PBL also includes publications from the related research areas: performance contracting, PSS and servitization. Developing PBL can benefit from results in these research areas.
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41.
  • Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al. (författare)
  • Quality and legal aspects in public care procurement
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: TQM Journal. - 1754-2731 .- 1754-274X. ; 28:4, s. 648-663
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the applicability of care quality concepts as contractaward criteria for public procurement of health and social care, using the case of Sweden.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, European and Swedish legal texts,government regulations as well as 26 Swedish court review cases concerning care procurement havebeen analysed.Findings – Methods used for assessing care quality are seldom useful for predicting the quality to bedelivered by a potential contractor. Legal principles of transparency and equal treatment of tenderersmake it necessary to apply strict requirements for verification.Research limitations/implications – Results refer primarily to a Swedish context but could beapplicable throughout the EU. Further studies of relations between award criteria and public/privatecollaborative practices for improving care quality during contractual periods are desirable.Practical implications – Local and regional procurement officials should benefit from a betterunderstanding of how quality criteria should be designed and applied to the award procedures for carecontracts. Care providers in the private sector would also be able to develop their quality strategies andpresent their abilities more efficiently when tendering for public contracts.Social implications – Issues of quality of health and social care are of obvious importance for socialsustainability. Public awareness of care quality problems is evident and often a cause of media concern.Originality/value – This investigation pinpoints the difference between traditional care qualitythinking and the legal principles underlying contract award in public procurement of care services.
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42.
  • Ranängen, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • From global goals and planetary boundaries to public governance : A framework for prioritizing organizational sustainability activities
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: A particular challenge in the work to realize the global goals for sustainable development is to find ways for organizations to identify and prioritize organizational activities that address these goals. There are also several sustainability initiatives, guidelines and tools to consider when planning, working with and reporting on sustainable development. Although progress has been made, little has been written about how organizations rise to and manage the challenge. The paper explores how organizations address sustainable development, which sustainability aspects they prioritize and whether previous research can improve the priority process by using materiality analysis approach. Methods: A case study approach was chosen. Data was collected by interactive workshops and documentation. The participating organizations were two Swedish municipalities; Results: The municipalities have introduced a number of sustainability aspects into their organizational governance, especially in terms of society, human rights and the environment. A materiality analysis was conducted to determine the relevance and significance of sustainability aspects. The result shows that climate action, biodiversity and freshwater use are aspects that should be prioritized; Conclusion: The materiality analysis methodology chosen for prioritizing of sustainability aspects was useful and easy to work with. However, the sustainability aspect matrix and the risk assessment have to be updated regularly in order to form an effective base for the materiality analysis.
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43.
  • Schmidt, Bernard, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Asset management evolution : from taxonomies toward ontologies
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Maintenance, Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics, Maintenance Performance Measurement and Management. - Oulu, Finland : POHTO. - 9789519811376
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper addresses the evolution that can be observed in Asset Management in modelling approach. Most traditional Condition Monitoring systems use hierarchical representations of monitored the integration of data from disparate source toward context awareness and Big Data utilization there is a need to include and model more complicated dependencies than hierarchical. Ontology based modelling is gaining recently on popularity in the domain of Condition Monitoring and Asset Management.
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44.
  • Sundqvist, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the complexity surrounding barriers of learning
  • 2015
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Learning is seen as important both within and between projects so that the whole organization can benefits from the lessons learned, and achieve competitive success. Also, projects are seen as suitable organizational units for stimulating learning and creating knowledge. However, organizations have difficulties in dissemination, and applications of lessons learned fail to deliver the intended results. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to explore the complexity surrounding barriers of learning in a project environment, and to present suggestions of how to overcome them in practice. That is, to give examples of means that can support learning in a project environment. Findings are based on a literature review, and findings from a longitudinal case study within a project@based organization. We argue, in accordance with Duffield and Whitty (2015) that there is a need of a new paradigm for organizational learning in the project management field that conceptualises and articulates how projects are interlinked and generate value to a higher order learning purpose. Especially in project@based organizations (PBOs) where the main part of business is conducted in project form. This paper aims to explore the complexity surrounding barriers of learning, which exist between different levels of learning in organizations, but also in relation to different approaches to learning, e.g. hard focusing on control and quantitative measurement or soft focusing on social processes and qualitative aspects. The tentative results, based on a case study, show that even though learning is brought up on the agenda and discussed as important in the PBO, learning is often marginalized, and treated as a separate activity. Also, results from a literature review reveals that the view of learning can be described from different perspectives and approaches, either scientific/hard with a focus on capturing and storing learning, or social/soft with a focus on disseminating and unleashing learning. The first could be regarded as rigid, while the latter could be seen as vague. We adopt a push/pull analogy of learning in project environments, suggesting the increased need to foster a pull approach, in which a demand for learning is facilitated, and hence supporting value creation.
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45.
  • Hermans, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • Quality management in the new product development : A PPAP approach
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Quality Innovation Prosperity. - : Quality Innovation Prosperity. - 1335-1745 .- 1338-984X. ; 17:2, s. 37-51
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to test Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) as a tool to build quality into the new product and processes and ensure that it meets the customer expectations. Research method is qualitative method using so called case-study to study the suitability of PPAP as a tool for quality management by building quality right into the new product and process. The case studies have been made with three different kinds of companies. PPAP is suitable tool for quality management in NPD processes when taking into account many requirements about personnel, processes, documentation etc. The paper has some limitations such as limited sample size. The results are encouraging managers to use PPAP as a tool for managing their company’s product development processes, quality work and supply chain partnerships. The manner in which the stakeholders could use to facilitate a sense of partnerships or co-workers aiming the same goals rather than have a traditional customer-seller relationship was valued in this study.
  •  
46.
  • Hoffenson, Steven, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Tolerance Optimization of a Mobile Phone Considering Consumer Demand for Quality and Sustainability in China, Sweden, and the United States
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Conference on Engineering Design. - : Design Research Society. ; 7 DS75-07, s. 467-476, s. 467-476
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dimensional tolerances are chosen during the product development process to balance quality requirements against manufacturing costs. Designers typically judge how much variance should be allowed while still maintaining the perception of a high quality product or brand, but this is rarely based on an understanding of how consumers perceive that variance. Additionally, ecological sustainability priorities are often chosen without knowing how they will be received by consumers. This paper presents a survey-based technique for understanding how tolerance and pricing decisions influence a product developing firm’s profits, accounting for consumer perceptions of quality and environmental friendliness. A case study of a mobile phone design is explored, including variance propagation modeling, the design and administration of an online choice-based conjoint (CBC) survey, construction of consumer demand models, and profit maximization for the markets in three different countries. The results show a slight preference for high quality products compared with stronger preferences for other product attributes like low price, and the differences among the three markets are highlighted.
  •  
47.
  • Svenman, Edvard, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Model based compensation of systematic errors in an inductive gap measurement method
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Measurement : Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. - : Elsevier. - 0263-2241 .- 1873-412X. ; 105, s. 17-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents an improvement to a recently presented inductive gap measurement method, using a model to reduce systematic errors. Gap measurement is important in laser keyhole welding, where the laser beam and the resulting weld seam are very narrow, requiring high precision in alignment and gap preparation. The previously reported method for gap measurement uses one inductive coil on each side of the gap, each measuring distance to the gap and lift off above a plate, to estimate the position, width and alignment of the gap in a square butt joint. The method can detect zero width gap and shows position error less than 0.1 mm, but gap width and alignment measurement suffer from systematic errors. The improvement is based on a model that is designed to describe these systematic errors as functions of the gap dimensions. The model relies on observations of experimental data, and is calibrated to a small set of measurements. Using the model with the initial estimate of the gap dimensions to compensate the coil measurements, an improved estimate of the gap dimensions can be calculated. The errors in the compensated results are within 0.1 mm except for gap width, which still suffers from the effect of combined gap width and misalignment.
  •  
48.
  • Galar, Diego, et al. (författare)
  • Big Data in Asset Management : Knowledge Discovery in Asset Data by the Means of Data Mining
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM 2015). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319270623 - 9783319270647 - 3319270648 ; , s. 161-171
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Assets are complex mixes of complex systems, built from components which, over time, may fail. The ability to quickly and efficiently determine the cause of failures and propose optimum maintenance decisions, while minimizing the need for human intervention is necessary. Thus, for complex assets, much information needs to be captured and mined to assess the overall condition of the whole system. Therefore the integration of asset information is required to get an accurate health assessment of the whole system, and determine the probability of a shutdown or slowdown. Moreover, the data collected are not only huge but often dispersed across independent systems that are difficult to access, fuse and mine due to disparate nature and granularity. If the data from these independent systems are combined into a common correlated data source, this new set of information could add value to the individual data sources by the means of data mining. This paper proposes a knowledge discovery process based on CRISP-DM for failure diagnosis using big data sets. The process is exemplified by applying it on railway infrastructure assets. The proposed framework implies a progress beyond the state of the art in the development of Big Data technologies in the fields of Knowledge Discovery algorithms from heterogeneous data sources, scalable data structures, real-time communications and visualizations techniques.
  •  
49.
  • Karrbom Gustavsson, Tina, et al. (författare)
  • Procurement of Railway Maintenance : Collaboration for Innovation
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Thirty-Fourth Annual Conference 2018 September 3-5 Belfast. - : Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM). ; , s. 184-193
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Railway maintenance is highly important for a sustainable transport system. A popular choice in Europe is to outsource the railway maintenance obligation through a public procurement process. Public procurement of railway maintenance has gained relatively little attention in research despite that the competitive tendering approach implies several challenges, especially related to collaboration and innovation. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore public procurement of railway maintenance, with a particular focus on how various factors support or hinder collaboration and innovation. A multiple case study approach is used, including interviews with client and contractor representatives and a multidimensional framework on partnering as supply chain integration guides the analysis. Tentative findings indicate that there is potential in strengthening the supply chain integration in the studied context. Findings provide theoretical contribution to supply chain integration, for example by pinpointing the importance of addressing informal relationships at the individual level in maintenance contracts. Furthermore, a practical implication for managing transport infrastructure maintenance contracts is the importance of addressing collaboration depth by allocating sufficient human resources to the client organisation.
  •  
50.
  • Morant, Amparo, et al. (författare)
  • Safety and availability evaluation of railway operation based on the state of signalling systems
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : Sage Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 231:2, s. 226-238
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A framework is presented to evaluate the safety and availability of the railway operation, and quantifying the probability of the signalling system not to supervise the railway traffic. Since a failure of the signalling systems still allows operation of the railway, it is not sufficient to study their effect on the railway operation by considering only the failures and delays. The safety and availability are evaluated, handling both repairs and replacements by using a Markov model. The model is verified with a case study of Swedish railway signalling systems with different scenarios. The results show that the probability of being in a state where operation is possible in a degraded mode is greater than the probability of not being operative at all, which reduces delays but requires other risk mitigation measures to ensure safe operation. The effects that different improvements can have on the safety and availability of the railway operation are simulated. The results show that combining maintenance improvements to reduce the failure rate and increase the repair rate is more efficient at increasing the probability of being in an operative state and reducing the probability of operating in a degraded state.
  •  
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