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- Björsne, Roland
(författare)
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Populism och ekopolitik : framväxten av en ekopolitisk ideologi i Norge och dess relationer till ett mångtydigt populismbegrepp.
- 1979
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the end of the 1960's the word "populism” began to be used in Norway to designate a policy for preventing the depopulation of the countryside and coastal areas and for stimulating a development in the existing local communities. As time went on, it even included political ideas concerned with structural and environmental questions in a wider perspective. From an ecological perspective, the solution to democratic, resource, allocational and environmental issues is seen in terms of a system structured in local communities. For this reason, and others, the designation was changed to ecopolitics. The purpose of the dissertation is to analyze how Norwegian populism developed into ecopolitics if it can be said to be a special political ideology, and how it compares to other populistic movements within the Nordic region and also to those movements outside of this region. In the first part of the dissertation, the methodological basis is stated and a description of how an ecopolitical ideal model can be constructed on the basis of different theoretical works is given. The ideal model is subsequently related to the political parties and groups which, in varying degrees, embrace populistic/ecopolitical ideas. The conclusion is that the ecopolitical ideology existing in Norway differs from the traditional ideologies in a number of ways. In the second part of the analysis, the application of the populism concept in various contexts i described. The conclusion is that the concept can, to a certain extent, be justifiably defined in several different ways and that general definitions of the concept are not precise enough. In the third part of the dissertation, the populistic ant. ecopolitical movements within the Nordic countries are related to different definitions of populism. Fundamental similarities are found to exist between ecopolitics and the Russian populism especially with regard to the structure of the society in local communities. The objectives are compatible with both socialistic and non-socialistic strategies. The dissertation is written in Swedish with a summary in English.
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- Bäck, Henry
(författare)
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Den utrikespolitiska dagordningen : makt, protest och internationella frågor i svensk politik 1965-1973
- 1979
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Protest activity is studied as a part of the political decision-making process. A theoretical framework which emanates from research into how political issues are placed on the so-called agenda of the political system is developed. Two hypotheses concerning how the protest arena is related to other political arenas are derived from this theoretical framework. According to the first, the "static" hypothesis, the substantive political content in the protest arena can be distinguished from the content in other arenas in a systematic and specified manner. According to the second, the "dynamic" hypothesis, the activities related to a given substantive issue appear first in the protest arena and then in the other arenas in a specific temporal sequence. The empirical testing of the hypotheses is carried out by means of content analysis of the substantive political content in the protest arena as well as in discussions in the press, at political party conventions, and in the Parliament. The study is limited to international issues. For the analysis of the dynamic-oriented hypothesis a further limitation is made to three issue areas: Indochina, Biafra, and conditions within and between the socialist states. The static hypothesis is supported by the data. Results of the analysis of the dynamic hypothesis are more difficult to interpret. One reason for this is the restricted temporal scope. However, the results suggest that protest activity tends to occur early in the decision-making process and that discussions in the press have greater significance for the foreign policy agenda than anticipated by the hypothesis.
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| 8. |
- Lundblad, Harriet
(författare)
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Delegerad beslutanderätt inom kommunal socialvård
- 1979
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local government activities in the provision of social services have increased. The possibility of transferring decision-making powers from local government committees to elected representatives and administrative staff has attracted growing attention. The scope and content of delegation in the area of social services and the variables of population, organizational form of decision making, and political majority have been examined. The scope of delegated decision-making powers in this area is relatively small. Decision-making powers are primarily delegated to the administrative level. They frequently involve matters related to child and youth welfare. Matters of a financial nature are less frequently delegated than other areas. Large municipalities delegate to a greater extent than small ones. Municipalities with only one committee dealing with social services delegate more than municipalities with several committees. The difference, however, is small for municipalities having only a central social welfare committee and those having a central committee with district committees. Municipalities with a non-socialist majority delegate to a somewhat greater extent than those with a socialist majority. The study also reveals a large degree of similarity between the actual delegation by the municipalities and the delegation recommended by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities, the national association of the municipalities.
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| 9. |
- Mellbourn, Anders
(författare)
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Byråkratins ansikten : Rolluppfattningar hos svenska högre statstjänstemän
- 1979
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study is based on interviews in 1971 with 314 top-level civil servants in the central government administration in Sweden. It is the result of a joint project at the universities of Stockholm and Michigan. Similar studies were carried out simultaneously in 5 other Western European nations and in the United States. The analysis consists of 3 parts. In the first there is a theoretical and empirical discussion of administrative role conceptions. The classical neutral executor with his roots in Weber’s writings and historical tradition is confronted with political and economic developments that lead to claims for more expertise and more political commitment in the civil service. In the empirical analysis, however, there are rather weak indications of such new role conceptions. A good third of the civil servants still see themselves as neutral executors. Most prevalent is a general manager role where the bureaucrats stress administrative tasks and sociability qualities in talking about their jobs. In the second analytical chapter the backgrounds and experiences of the civil servants are presented. Swedish top-level administrators constitute a social elite of its own with exclusive social and educational backgrounds. In addition they have very limited, professional experiences from outside of the civil service. The final analytical section gives data on images of the political and social world. Swedish top-level administrators turn out to have a basically positive view of the legitimacy of politics and politicians. They see quite a lot of conflict in society but define it in harmonious terms. The concluding chapter includes a brief discussion of administrative and political developments in the 1970’s and their possible consequences for future role conceptions in the Swedish civil service.
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