| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Annika
(författare)
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Förståelse av och förhållningssätt till hälsa : några elevers syn på hälsa och skolämnet idrott och hälsa
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concept of health should not be viewed as one-dimensional, but rather a complex interplay between physical, psychological and social factors (WHO, 2014). The Swedish curriculum highlights that the school’s responsibility is to support pupils’ knowledge and promote health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to consider pupils understanding of and attitudes towards health in the context of the subject Physical Education and Health (PEH) at school. Data was collected through the use of focus groups, questionnaires and epistolary dialog. The pupils’ ways of describing health were analysed through Zygmunt Bauman’s (2008) consuming theory and Thomas Ziehe’s (1986, 1999) concepts of cultural liberation, cultural expropriation, the performance principle and authenticity. The result shows that the pupils in the study had a good level of understanding about health. They described health as a complex concept in physical, psychological and social terms. This understanding of health affected the pupils in different ways. For example a feeling of pleasure was described by pupils who appeared well-grounded and spontaneous, while those who experienced pressure in their daily life expressed feelings of higher expectations regarding their own health practices. PEH teachers need to consider not only knowledge content of the subject area, but also variations of self-image among the pupils in their class, and the impact this can have on the way pupils un-derstand the health messages being taught in the classroom.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Jens
(författare)
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Hög standard? En studie om kommunal anläggningspolitik och elitfotbollens standardiserande arenakrav
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan millennieskiftet har den kommunala idrottspolitiken i Sverige och Danmark alltmer kretsat kring elitidrottens krav på anläggningar. Medan företrädare för idrotten krävt ökade investeringar, ofta med hänvisningar till de nationella eller internationella idrottsförbundens standardiserade arenakrav, har kritiker invänt att arenakraven är orimligt stora och inte i överensstämmelse med kommunernas faktiska behov. Trots kritiken har få kommuner i praktiken kunnat stå emot de höjda anläggningskraven, särskilt om motståndet riskerat att utmynna i bestraffningar för kommunens egna elitlag.Denna avhandling handlar om de politiska processer och kom munala erfarenheter som elitfotbollens arenakrav ger upphov till. Från institutionell utgångspunkt analyseras svenska och danska kommuners möjligheter, utmaningar och problem i mötet med elitfotbollens standardiserade arenakrav. Hur kan vi förstå elitfotbollens inflytande över den kommunala idrottspolitiken? Vilka handlingsalternativ har kommunala aktörer? Varför agerar kommunala aktörer som de gör? Detta är frågor som analyseras. Författaren intresserar sig särskilt på de institutionella regleringar som i många fall är styrande för den kommunala anläggningspolitiken – men han konstaterar också att det tas kommunala initiativ för att förändra de strukturer som arenakraven ger upphov till.Jens Alm (f. 1982) är verksam som analytiker vid Idrættens Analyseinstitut i Köpenhamn. Hög standard? En studie om kommunal anläggningspolitik och elitfotbollens standardiserande arenakrav är hans doktorsavhandling i idrottsvetenskap.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bergenfeldt Fabri, Anna
(författare)
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Hälsoarbete i rörelse : ett aktionsforskningsprojekt inom etableringsreformens samhälls- och hälsoinformation
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about the conditions of a group of social and Health Communicators (HC) for changing the form of health information for newly arrived refugees. Focus is 011 how the HC's awamess evolves during their efforts to introduce physical activity as a health promotion strategy. The study also aims at making visible whether the action research process leads to any changes in the longer perspective. By applying Kemmis and Grootenboers' Theory of Practice Architectures the analysis takes its starting point in practice. The theory is based on the assurntion that a practice is constituted by different conditions or arrangements that shape the conversations, actions and activities taking place within a specific practice. The theory includes useful concepts here used as tools to describe and analyse the social context under study. To understand the working conditions for public administrators and the HCs in particulary, Lipsky's concept street-level bureaucrats is used. Using a critical action research approach, the study is based on empirical material gathered via work group meetings, focus group discussions, study visits and participation in the field. The tools employed comprise participatory observations, sound recording and documentation in the form of field notes and logg book writing. This study shows that fixed practice architectures govern the civic and heallh information practice. Initially this makes it difficult for the HCs to see how physical activity could be part of the content. The result shows that the arrangements shaping the practice within the project, differ from those that form the workday practice. A joint meeting practice was set up during the project and worked as a communicative space for collegial dialog and the ex.change of experiences. In accordance with action research methods, the HCs' had the authority over the working process which in tum led to forming and testing of new activities with participants from the target group. This paved the way for a more pronounced interest in health issues and physical activities among the newly arrived. Two years after the conclusion of the action research project, a follow-up study was conducted. The outcome illustrates that the current practice architecture constrains the implementation of physical activity as a part of the organisation. The only remains of the changes accomplished during the project, that can be trace, d are the indiviual experiences adopted by the communicators that come to the fore in their sayings The former action research project has raised the group's awareness of what is required to motivate participants to take responsibility for their own !earing , in this case regarding physical activity. Despite the somewhat daunting picture, it is still possible to discern that the action research practice contributed by building up local knowledge and awareness of what is necessary for achieving sustainable results. This is an area over which the Communicatiors currently lack any real influence.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hafen, Niklas, 1980-
(författare)
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En vandring längs välviljans väg : en studie om idrott och internationellt utvecklingsarbete genom de skandinaviska exemplen LdB FC For Life i Sydafrika och Open Fun Football Schools i Moldavien
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyze Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) initiatives from the initiators, sponsors and donor’s perspective through the Scandinavian examples LdB FC For Life in South Africa and Open Fun Football Schools in Moldova. On this basis, it seeks to explore the relationship between rhetoric and practice surrounding both projects. The study is grounded in neo-institutional theory – primarily through the work of John Meyer and Brian Rowan, Nils Brunsson and Mark Suchman. On a general level, neo-institutional theory is suitable when studying the social interaction between organizations and their environments. Given the thesis aim and explicit focus on two SDP organizations it thus becomes appropriate to use. Current study is predominantly based on data constructed through fieldwork in Sweden, Denmark, South Africa and Moldova during a period between 2011 and 2013. The methods used are qualitative ranging from observations to semi-structured interviews. In addition, homepages and documents relating to the two projects have been analyzed. A case study research methodology has been applied and the writing has been inspired by ethnographic fiction. The study shows that there is indeed a discrepancy between theory and practice – that is a gap between intention and implementation meaning initiators, sponsors and donors do not exactly practice what they preach. This inconsistency has been explained by the use of the theoretical concepts of decoupling, moral legitimacy and organizational hypocricy. A common feature of LdB FC For Life and Open Fun Football Schools is that they position themselves as SDP initiatives using sport merely as a means, not an end. This can be illustrated by their objectives, which is to mitigate the spread of HIV/AIDS and create political stability. However, from observations and interviews on site in South Africa and Moldova an opposite picture emerge, namely a strong focus on the development of sport through training and competition. In addition, the empirical findings show that both initiatives serve as a means by which initiators and sponsors can create lucrative advantages on a competitive market. Moreover, the undertaken activities function as a means by which they can be associated with something that the general public considers good, namely social responsibility. Even if both initiatives have good intentions, more research has proven crucial to justify the existence and magnitude of many of today´s SDP programs. This study has aimed to contribute to that discussion, mainly by examining the pros and cons of two specific examples. Consequently, it hopes to fill the parts of a missing gap.
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| 7. |
- Hellborg, Anna Maria
(författare)
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"Godispengar" eller "överdådig lyx" - om elitidrott, ekonomi och jämställdhet
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to problematize and analyze the conception and construction of elite athletes’ economical terms through a feministic lens. I will specifically try to investigate and illustrate how women and men who want to invest and try out for elite sports, are constructed as economical actors, how economical prerequisites to practice their sport is depicted and if, and in what way, the professionalization of the sport is gender equal. The four sports that are examined in this study are curling, football, golf and equestrian. The study contributes to the illustration of sport management issues from a feministic, gender and equality perspective. I have chosen multiple theories that I believe explain the different parts of my material in relation to feminism, gender equality and gender theories. The concepts used are the connection between material and cultural inequality (Fraser and Ridgeway), dominance and power structures (Young and Halldenius), the connection between the public and the private (Okin) and the gender contract (Hirdman). Mainly two types of material are used. An analysis of the sport associations’ official magazines and interviews with different organizational leaders within the associations. This dissertation shows that the issues regarding financial conditions for elite athletes are depicted differently in the different sports. There are diverse challenges for the sports and their associations in the work towards gender equality. The different conditions are affected by size, status, connections to the market and dependence of funds. Several problematic issues are identified such as distribution of resources by the associations, the distribution by sponsors, the distribution by the SOK, prize money and family life. The struggle for a gender equal distribution of resources in elite sports are ongoing. The magazines depict women as receiving less money than men in their sports. A common argument for this distribution is the greater interest in men’s sports, which refers to that men’s sports generate more money. Women’s sport is economically marginalized. An excessive redistribution of assets and a restructuring of the control over resources are necessary aspects to rectify gender inequality. Professional sports as they appear today, partly controlled by the market, are not gender equal. It appears to be a great gap between gender equality and the market logic. As it appears from this study, a key seems to be adding value to women’s sports on all levels, from associations to spectators. The relationship between the Swedish state and the sports movement (RF) is defined by an implicit contract. The state provides funds to RF and in turn, RF has a responsibility to make sure sport is equal for all. Since the implicit contract also means that the state does not interfere with how the sport confederation distribute the funds this means that the distribution of resources benefits men’s elite sports because it is considered more worthy by the sport organizations. RF do not fulfill their part of the contract and the state approves the inequality by not making demands. The implicit contract becomes gender impregnated.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ingrell, Joakim
(författare)
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What does it take to be successful here? A longitudinal study of achievement motivation in youth sport
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focal aim of this dissertation project centers on understanding the importance of some of the underlying factors responsible for the socialization of achievement motivation in youth sport and its affective outcomes. Furthermore, this dissertation project focuses on the specializing stage of development, more specifically, student-athletes (N = 78) attending a compulsory school with a sports profile.This dissertation project was guided by the theoretical frameworks provided by achievement goal theory (Nicholls, 1984, 1989), implicit theories of ability (Dweck, 2000), Ames’ (1992a, 1992b) motivational climate, Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect (Marsh, 1984; Marsh & Parker, 1984) athletic burnout (Raedeke & Smith, 2001), and gender as a social institution (Lorber, 1994).In the first study, the aim was to analyze and problematize athletic ability longitudinally and with a gender perspective as it is perceived, discussed, and valued by student-athletes. A mixed method approach was used in this study consisting of quantitative analysis (multilevel modeling) of a three-year, six-wave data collection (N = 78). Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 of the student-athletes. The two main results of this study were that entity beliefs increased, and incremental beliefs decreased during the three-year period, and that gender added a further understanding of the beliefs of student-athletes regarding athletic ability.The second study aimed to examine achievement goals in youth sport longitudinally and the within-person effects of perceived motivational climates by coaches, peers, and parents on achievement goal orientations. The student-athletes (N = 78) completed a multi-section questionnaire, six times over a three-year period, assessing the study variables and the multilevel modeling analysis revealed that both the task orientation and the ego orientation decreased for this age group over the threeyear period. Furthermore, the perceived task involving peer climate was significantly and positively related to task orientation, and perceived ego-involving coaching climate was significantly and positively related to ego orientation.In the third study, the aim was to examine the developmental trajectories of student-athlete burnout perceptions and the within-person relationship between achievement goals and burnout perceptions. The participants (N = 78), time frame, and measurement points were the same in this study, as in studies I and II. The results from the multilevel growth models revealed that burnout perceptions increased for this age group over the three-year period. Furthermore, task orientation was significantly and negatively related to a reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation.The findings from this dissertation project highlight some of the complexity of achievement motivation in youth sport; the relationships between this type of motivation and the context, in this case, a school with a sports profile, and organized sports, and significant others such as coaches, peers, and parents. Furthermore, the results from this dissertation project underline the advantage of considering a specific developmental stage when studying achievement motivation in youth sport longitudinally.
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| 10. |
- Mattsson, Torun
(författare)
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Expressiva dansuppdrag : utmanande läruppgifter i ämnet idrott och hälsa
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande avhandling är att belysa och diskutera lärares och elevers meningsskapande processer när expressiva dansuppdrag iscensätts i skolämnet idrott och hälsa. Avhandlingen tar avstamp i pragmatismen och genom Deweys transaktionella perspektiv studeras lärares undervisning, elevers lärprocesser och expressiv dans som undervisningsinnehåll i en sammanhållen helhet. I en pedagogisk intervention deltog fyra lärare i ämnet idrott och hälsa samt 68 högstadieelever på en skola. Ett sammanhållet danstema med utgångspunkt i Rudolf Labans rörelseramverk skapades för att uppmärksamma rörelseupplevelser och estetiska uttryck. Multipla metoder i form av videoobservationer av undervisningen, intervjuer med lärarna och elevers narrativ i loggböcker användes för att belysa frågeställningarna från olika håll. Transaktionsbegreppet och praktisk epistemologisk analys (PEA) prövades för analyser av rörelsehandlingar och elevers texter. Begreppet risk användes för analyser av pedagogiska konsekvenser i undervisningen. Resultaten visar att lärarna förändrar sin undervisning och blir pedagoger som skapar förutsättningar för att utforska icke-förutbestämda rörelser i stället för instruktörer av danssteg. Lärarna utvecklar nya vanor som möjliggör nyanserade och differentierade samspel med miljön och förmåga att ta och hantera risker i undervisningen. Ett förändrat undervisningsinnehåll i form av expressiva dansuppdrag ger möjligheter att återinföra estetiska aspekter på rörelser och därigenom sätta fokus på rörelsers innebörd och mening. Lärarna upptäcker nya grupper av elever, de som vanligen inte dominerar idrottsundervisningen. Resultaten visar vidare att normer kring flickor och pojkars rörelser i ämnet idrott och hälsa rubbas när de deltar i expressiva dansuppdrag. Avhandlingen pekar på att kroppsliggörande är ett värdefullt kunnande och att Labans rörelseramverk ger lärare och elever verktyg och språk att tydliggöra lärandet i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Därtill är estetiska lärprocesser betydelsefulla i en kroppslig praktik för att bättre lära känna sig själv och andra. En utforskande undervisning i kombination med expressiva dansuppdrag kan utmana logiker av tävling och rangordning i ämnet idrott och hälsa.
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| 11. |
- Melkersson, Mattias
(författare)
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Identities and images in football : a case study of brands and the organisational settings in the development of Scandinavian women’s club football
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women’s football has developed significantly throughout recent years. Not only in regards to the increased amount of participants or on-field achievements, but furthermore in regards to recognition, professionalism and organisation. The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to describe and investigate contextual and organisational conditions, characterized by heterogeneity, for a contemporary football development in Scandinavian women’s football. The Scandinavian setting is particularly interesting to investigate as the Scandinavian countries have been seen as forerunners with early official recognition and development for women’s football. Furthermore, governing football associations in the Scandinavian countries have also implemented club-licensing systems for elevating and developing women’s club football further. The dissertation investigates and analyses four Scandinavian women’s football clubs (Stabæk Football, Fortuna Hjørring, Linköpings FC and LdB FC Malmö) and the contextual conditions that influence their organisations. The study adopts a multi-theoretical approach by using a general theoretical approach (Brand Management) and specific theoretical approaches (gender relations, civic pride and social capital, the creative class, and the presentation of self). This means that each club is analysed and interpreted through both Brand Management theoretical concepts and a specific theoretical approach. The methodological approach for the dissertation take a point of departure in case study research. Each investigated club forms a case that attempts to describe and analyse contextual conditions by studying its participants, stakeholders, and environment. Empirical findings have been obtained through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, document analysis and observations. The results highlight that various conditions have an impact on the investigated clubs. Gender structures within football affect clubs in a negative way by making distinctions between women and men based on traditions and stereotypical gender perceptions. This condition forces clubs to either adopt to, or challenge a male hegemonic norm. The geographical setting is also a significant condition that emphasize local association for clubs. The club cases highlight that implementing and communicating a strong local association assist clubs in gaining recognition and visibility. Here is also networking with local stakeholders seen as an important condition, which results in obtaining and nurturing sponsorships, player employments and local awareness.
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| 12. |
- Rönnbäck, Julia
(författare)
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Det är väl typiskt tjejer : om basket, kropp och femininitet
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to analyse how a group of female basketball players – aged 15 to 18 and located in one of Sweden’s largest cities – construct and negotiate gender and femininity through bodily and verbal practices. The study is grounded in poststructuralist theories – primarily using the theoretical work of the philosophers Judith Butler and Michel Foucault. The methods used are qualitative: participant observations, interviews and written dialogues via Facebook. The writing method used is ethnographic fiction.The first part of the analysis shows how the female basketball players frequently talk about appearance and also how they repeatedly talk about the fleshier matters of the body – such as muscles and fat. These recurrent verbal practices are parts of the processes through which the girls construct gender and femininity, and a way of exercising relational power. The girls themselves explain their frequent talk about body and appearance as something “typical” for girls and thus they use a discourse that circles them (as young women) in order to make themselves understandable.The second part of the analysis depicts how the female basketball players – in the locker room – before every game construct similar and socially recognizable female bodies. These recurrent bodily practices are further parts of the processes through which the girls construct gender and femininity. Additionally, in the second part, the analysis show how the female basketball players – through verbal and bodily practices – transform gender and convert femininity within sport and also how they, in game situations, embody two different discourses: “Girl Power” and “the insecure (sporting) girl” that encompass young (sporting) women.One conclusion in the thesis is that discourses that surround young (sporting) females appear to be central in their creation of gender identity. Furthermore, the (sporting) girls are active participants in the ongoing debate regarding what (sporting) girls are, can be and should be.
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| 13. |
- Sebelius, Sofia
(författare)
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Att vara idrottslärare : om de själva får berätta
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En stor del av den forskning som görs på idrottslärare utgår ifrån styrdokumenten (t ex Ekberg, 2009; Londos, 2010; Svennberg m fl, 2017). Idrottslärarnas utsagor och praktik sätts i jämförelse med de tolkningar som forskarna gör av styrdokumenten och visar ofta att idrottslärarna gör ”fel”. Forskarnas tolkningar av styrdokumenten kan ses som ett facit och eventuella avsteg från dem anses vara problematiskt. I denna uppsats undersöks idrottslärarnas yrkesutövande från ett annat perspektiv än det som till stor del finns i tidigare forskning. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att skapa en förståelse för idrottslärarens yrkesroll byggd på deras egna berättelser om sin vardag och hur de hanterar den. Empiriinsamling har skett genom djupintervjuer med idrottslärare, där intervjuguiden skapats med hjälp av Michael Lipskys (2010) teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater och Yeheskel Hasenfelds (2010) teori om service-organisationer. Idrottslärarnas utsagor har sedan analyserats utifrån dessa teorier. Resultatet visar att idrottslärarna tar sig tre olika roller; problemlösaren, trygghetsskaparen samt organisatören. I rollen som problemlösare arbetar idrottslärarna dels med problem som uppstår här och nu, t ex oväntade situationer som uppstår i mötet med elever och som måste lösas, och dels med mer långsiktiga problem. Rollen som trygghetsskapare behövs då idrottsämnets synlighet enligt idrottslärarna kräver trygghet hos eleverna för att de ska kunna prestera inför varandra. För att skapa trygghet arbetar idrottslärarna bland annat med att försöka se varje elev, anpassa aktiviteter så att det passar den specifika gruppen och skapa rörelseglädje. För att klara av att anpassa undervisningen i enlighet med rollerna som problemlösare och trygghetsskapare krävs att idrottslärarna är organisatörer. Detta då de måste planera lektionerna för att nå alternativa mål (t ex trygghet, ha roligt och att hitta en aktivitet att utöva på fritiden) och organisera undervisningen med utgångspunkt i för få resurser, men också för att se varje elev. Bilden av idrottsläraren som problemlösare, trygghetsskapare och organisatör stämmer troligtvis inte med bilden av hur en idrottslärare bör vara. Men om idrottslärarrollen ser ut såhär, hur ska den framtida idrottsundervisningen i Sverige se ut? Kanske måste kraven och förväntningarna på ämnet idrott och hälsa och på dess lärare förändras i grunden för att på så sätt mötas halvvägs med denna studies tre rollbeskrivningar av idrottsläraren.
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