| 1. |
- Nordenskjöld, Anna M., 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Reinfarction in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) : coronary findings and prognosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 132:3, s. 335-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is common. There are limited data on the mechanisms and prognosis for reinfarction in MINOCA patients.METHODS: In this observational study of MINOCA patients hospitalized in Sweden and registered in the SWEDEHEART registry between July 2003 and June 2013 and followed until December 2013 we identified 9,092 unique patients with MINOCA out of 199,163 MI admissions in total. The 570 (6.3%) MINOCA patients who were hospitalized due to a recurrent MI constituted the study group.RESULTS: The mean age was 69.1 years and 59.1% were women. The median time to readmission was 17 months. A total of 340 patients underwent a new coronary angiography and 180 (53%) had no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and 160 (47%) had obstructive CAD; 123 had one-vessel, 26 had two-vessel, 9 had three-vessel disease and two had left main together with one-vessel disease. Male gender, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, higher levels of creatinine and ST-elevation at presentation were more common in patients with MI with obstructive CAD than in patients with a recurrent MINOCA. Mortality during a median follow-up of 38 months was similar whether the reinfarction event was MINOCA or MI with obstructive CAD 13.9% vs. 11.9% (p=0.54).CONCLUSIONS: About half of patients with reinfarction after MINOCA who underwent coronary angiography had progression of coronary stenosis. Angiography should be strongly considered in patients with MI after MINOCA. Mortality associated with recurrent events was substantial, though there was no difference in mortality between those with or without significant CAD.
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| 2. |
- Akbaraly, Tasmine, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Long-Term Diet Quality with Hippocampal Volume : Longitudinal Cohort Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 131:11, s. 1372-1381.e4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diet quality is associated with brain aging outcomes. However, few studies have explored in humans the brain structures potentially affected by long-term diet quality. We examined whether cumulative average of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) score during adult life (an 11-year exposure period) is associated with hippocampal volume.Methods: Analyses were based on data from 459 participants of the Whitehall II imaging sub-study (mean age [standard deviation] (SD) = 59.6 [5.3] years in 2002-2004, 19.2% women). Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging examination was performed at the end of follow-up (2015-2016). Structural images were acquired using a high-resolution 3-dimensional T1-weighted sequence and processed with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library (FSL) tools. An automated model-based segmentation and registration tool was applied to extract hippocampal volumes.Results: Higher AHEI-2010 cumulative average score (reflecting long-term healthy diet quality) was associated with a larger total hippocampal volume. For each 1 SD (SD = 8.7 points) increment in AHEI-2010 score, an increase of 92.5 mm3 (standard error = 42.0 mm3) in total hippocampal volume was observed. This association was independent of sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, physical activity, cardiometabolic health factors, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms, and was more pronounced in the left hippocampus than in the right hippocampus. Of the AHEI-2010 components, no or light alcohol consumption was independently associated with larger hippocampal volume.Conclusions: Higher long-term AHEI-2010 scores were associated with larger hippocampal volume. Accounting for the importance of hippocampal structures in several neuropsychiatric diseases, our findings reaffirm the need to consider adherence to healthy dietary recommendation in multi-interventional programs to promote healthy brain aging.
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| 3. |
- Baron, Tomasz, et al.
(författare)
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Impact on Long-Term Mortality of Presence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Classification of Myocardial Infarction
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 129:4, s. 398-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In contrast to the associated-with-thromboembolic-event type 1 myocardial infarction, type 2 myocardial infarction is caused by acute imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of myocardium. Type 2 myocardial infarction may be present in patients with or without obstructive coronary artery disease, but knowledge about patient characteristics, treatments, and outcome in relation to coronary artery status is lacking. We aimed to compare background characteristics, triggering mechanisms, treatment, and long-term prognosis in a large real-life cohort of patients with type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease.METHODS: All 41,817 consecutive patients with type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction registered in the Swedish myocardial infarction registry (SWEDEHEART) who underwent coronary angiography between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013, with the last follow-up on December 31, 2014, were studied.RESULTS: In 92.8% of 40,501 patients classified as type 1 and in 52.5% of patients classified as type 2 myocardial infarction, presence of an obstructive coronary artery disease could be shown. Within the patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, those with type 2 myocardial infarction were older, and had more comorbidities and smaller necrosis as compared with type 1 myocardial infarction. In contrast, there was almost no difference in risk profile and extent of myocardial infarction between type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction patients with nonobstructive coronary artery stenosis. The crude long-term mortality was higher in type 2 as compared with type 1 myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary artery disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-2.03), but was lower after adjustment (HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.94). In myocardial infarction patients with nonobstructive coronary artery stenosis, the mortality risk was similar regardless of the clinical myocardial infarction type (crude HR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.84-1.55; adjusted HR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.52-1.29).CONCLUSIONS: The substantial differences in risk factors, treatment, and outcome in patients with type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary artery disease supports the relevance of the division between type 1 and type 2 in this population. On the contrary, in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery stenosis, irrespective of the clinical type, a similar risk profile, extent of necrosis, and longterm prognosis were observed, indicating that distinction between type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction in these patients seems to be inappropriate.
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| 4. |
- Baron, T, et al.
(författare)
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The Reply
- 2017
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 130:9, s. E417-E418
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blanc, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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Prospective Risk of Rheumatologic Disease Associated with Occupational Exposure in a Cohort of Male Construction Workers
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 128:10, s. 1094-1101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The association between occupational exposure and autoimmune disease is well recognized for silica, and suspected for other inhalants. We used a large cohort to estimate the risks of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis associated with silica and other occupational exposures. METHODS: We analyzed data for male Swedish construction industry employees. Exposure was defined by a job-exposure matrix for silica and for other inorganic dusts; those with other job-exposure matrix exposures but not to either of the 2 inorganic dust categories were excluded. National hospital treatment data were linked for International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision-coded diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (seronegative and positive), systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. The 2 occupational exposures were tested as independent predictors of prospective hospital-based treatment for these diagnoses using age-adjusted Poisson multivariable regression analyses to calculate relative risk (RR). RESULTS: We analyzed hospital-based treatment data (1997 through 2010) for 240,983 men aged 30 to 84 years. There were 713 incident cases of rheumatoid arthritis (467 seropositive, 195 seronegative, 51 not classified) and 128 cases combined for systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. Adjusted for smoking and age, the 2 occupational exposures (silica and other inorganic dusts) were each associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis combined: RR 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.64) and RR 1.31 (95% CI, 1.11-1.53), respectively. Among ever smokers, both silica and other inorganic dust exposure were associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RRs 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.68 and 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73, respectively), while among never smokers, neither exposure was associated with statistically significant increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION: This analysis reaffirms the link between occupational silica and a range of autoimmune diseases, while also suggesting that other inorganic dusts may also impart excess risk of such disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Daniel, M., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 131:9, s. 1118-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries is a working diagnosis for several heart disorders. Previous studies on anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. METHODS: We included 99 patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries together with age- and sex-matched control groups who completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) 3 months after the acute event. RESULTS: Using the Beck Depression Inventory, we found that the prevalence of depression in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (35%) was higher than in healthy controls (9%; P = .006) and similar to that of patients with coronary heart disease (30%; P = .954). Using the HADS anxiety subscale, we found that the prevalence of anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (27%) was higher than in healthy controls (9%; P = .002) and similar to that of patients with coronary heart disease (21%; P = .409). Using the HADS depression subscale, we found that the prevalence of depression in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (17%) was higher than in healthy controls (4%; P = .003) and similar to that of patients with coronary heart disease (13%; P = .466). Patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries and takotsubo syndrome scored higher on the HADS anxiety subscale than those without (P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on the mental health of patients with myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries to show that prevalence rates of anxiety and depression are similar to those in patients with coronary heart disease. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Eggers, Kai M., 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries : The Importance of Achieving Secondary Prevention Targets
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 131:5, s. 524-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Around 5-10% of all myocardial infarction patients have non-obstructive coronary arteries. Studies investigating the importance of follow-up and achievement of conventional secondary prevention targets in these patients are lacking.METHODS: In this analysis from the SWEDEHEART registry, we investigated 5830 myocardial infarction patients with non-obstructive coronary arteries (group 1) and 54,637 myocardial infarction patients with significant coronary artery disease (≥50% stenosis; group 2). Multivariable- and propensity score-adjusted statistics were used to assess the reduction in the one-year risk of major adverse events associated with prespecified secondary preventive measures: participation in follow-up at 6-10 weeks after the hospitalization; achievement of secondary prevention targets (blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the target ranges, non-smoking, participation in exercise training).RESULTS: Patients in group 1 were less often followed up compared to patients in group 2 and less often achieved any of the secondary prevention targets. Participation in the 6-10 week follow-up was associated with a 3-20% risk reduction in group 1, similar as for group 2 according to interaction analysis. The improvement in outcome in group 1 was mainly mediated by achieving target range low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (24-32% risk reduction) and, to a smaller extent, by participation in exercise training (10-23% risk reduction).CONCLUSIONS: Selected secondary preventive measures are associated with prognostic benefit in myocardial infarction patients with non-obstructive coronary arteries, in particular achieving target range low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Our results indicate that these patients should receive similar follow-up as myocardial infarction patients with significant coronary stenoses.
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| 9. |
- Eggers, Kai M., 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Unstable Angina in the Era of Cardiac Troponin Assays with Improved Sensitivity-A Clinical Dilemma
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 130:12, s. 1423-1430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is an expectation that with the adoption of more sensitive cardiac troponin (cTn) assays, unstable angina would become a rarity. However, recent data from the SWEDEHEART registry demonstrated that 15% of patients admitted with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome still were regarded as having unstable angina. We aimed to further investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of these patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective, registry-based analysis (SWEDEHEART) including 3204 unstable patients, 18,194 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients, and 977 controls without acute cardiovascular disease. All patients had available data on peak cTnT levels (more sensitive assay) and 1-year outcome. RESULTS: The annual proportions of patients with unstable angina (2009-2013) among those with non-STelevation acute coronary syndrome ranged from 9.4% to 15.3%. Only 1239 unstable angina patients (39.7%) had a peak cTnT level = 14 ng/L. Patients with unstable angina tended to be younger than those with NSTEMI but had higher prevalence of most cardiovascular risk factors and more advanced coronary artery disease. Compared with controls, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) regarding major cardiovascular events were 2.97 (1.30-6.78) and 5.44 (2.54-11.65) in unstable angina patients with peak cTnT = 14 ng/L and > 14 ng/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of unstable angina is still commonly used, even in the era of more sensitive cTn assays. Minor cTnT elevation is common, which makes unstable angina difficult to distinguish from NSTEMI. Patients with unstable angina have a nonneglectable cardiovascular risk. We suggest that the clinical management of patients presenting with unstable symptoms should depend on their estimated cardiovascular risk rather than on strictly applied diagnostic criteria. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Eggers, Kai, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Importance of Sex-Specific Cardiac Troponin T 99(th) Percentiles in Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 129:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveCardiac troponin levels differ between the sexes, with higher values commonly seen in men. The use of sex-specific troponin thresholds is, thus, subject of an ongoing debate. We assessed whether sex-specific cardiac troponin T (cTnT) 99th percentiles would improve risk prediction in patients admitted to Swedish coronary care units due to suspected acute coronary syndrome.MethodsIn this retrospective register-based study (48,250 patients), we investigated the prediction of all-cause mortality and the composite of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction within 1 year using the single 99th cTnT percentile (>14 ng/L) or sex-specific cTnT 99th percentiles (>16/9 ng/L).ResultsA total of 1078 men (3.0%) with cTnT 15-16 ng/L and 1854 women (8.4%) with cTnT 10-14 ng/L would have been reclassified regarding their cTnT status by the means of sex-specific 99th percentiles. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and crude event rates increased across higher cTnT strata in both men and women. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models, however, did not demonstrate better risk prediction by sex-specific 99th percentiles. Assessing cTnT as a continuous variable demonstrated an increase in multivariable-adjusted risk starting at levels around 10-12 ng/L in both men and women.ConclusionsWe found no evidence supporting the use of sex-specific cTnT 99th percentiles in men and women admitted because of suspected acute coronary syndrome. This likely depends on sex-specific differences in disease mechanisms associated with small cTnT elevations. From a pragmatic perspective, a single cTnT cutoff slightly below 14 ng/L seems to be preferable as a threshold for medical decision-making.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hooshmand, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Insulin and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults : A Longitudinal Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 132:3, s. 367-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the association of serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance with cognitive functioning 7 years later in a longitudinal population-based study of Finnish older adults.MethodsSerum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline in 269 dementia-free individuals aged 65-79 years, from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study. Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Participants were reexamined 7 years later, and global cognition, episodic memory, executive functioning, verbal expression, and psychomotor speed were assessed, both at baseline and at follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations with cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjusting for several potential confounders, including common vascular risk factors.ResultsIn the multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, no associations of insulin resistance with cognitive functioning were observed. After excluding 19 incident dementia cases, higher baseline HOMA-IR values were related to worse performance in global cognition (beta [standard error (SE)] -.050 [0.02]; P =.043) and psychomotor speed (beta [SE] -.064 [. 03]; P = [.043]) 7 years later. Raised serum insulin levels were associated with lower scores on global cognition (b [SE] -.054 [.03]; P =.045) and tended to relate to poorer performance in psychomotor speed (beta [SE] -.061 [.03]; P =.070).ConclusionsSerum insulin and insulin resistance may be independent predictors of cognitive performance 7 years later in elderly individuals without dementia. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine this issue.
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| 13. |
- Kholaif, Naji, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline Q Waves and Time From Symptom Onset to ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction : Insights From PLATO on the Influence of Sex
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 128:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of time from symptom onset to reperfusion may be enhanced by the identification of Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We evaluated whether the relative prognostic utility of these 2 metrics was altered by sex. METHODS: Q waves in the distribution of the ST-segment elevation on the baseline ECG were evaluated by a blinded core laboratory in 2838 STEMI patients (2163 men and 675 women) from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hours of symptom onset. RESULTS: Women were older (median 63 vs 57 years), more likely to be diabetic (24.1% vs 15.5%), hypertensive (69.2% vs 50.9%), and a higher Killip class > I (8.6% vs 5.9%), as compared with men. Whereas the Q waves frequency rose progressively over time to ECG in men, this relationship was attenuated in women (P = .057). Q waves on the baseline ECG were associated with a higher excess hazard of 1-year vascular death in men (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.72), and a similar trend existed in women (HR 1.97; 95% CI, 0.86-4.51). Women with baseline Q waves tended to have higher risk of 1-year vascular death than men as continuous time from symptom onset to PCI increased (P[interaction] = .182). CONCLUSIONS: These differences in the evolution of baseline Q waves and relationship between time from symptom onset and vascular death in women and men deserve recognition in future studies of STEMI.
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| 14. |
- Klingberg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Aortic Regurgitation Is Common in Ankylosing Spondylitis : Time for Routine Echocardiography Evaluation?
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 128:11, s. 1244-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of aortic regurgitation and any relation to disease activity and specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 subtypes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.METHODS: Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 187 patients (105 men), mean age (SD) 50 (13) years, and mean disease duration 24 (13) years, and was related to demographic, clinical, radiographic, electrocardiographic, and laboratory data.RESULTS: Aortic regurgitation was found in 34 patients (18%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12%-24%): mild in 24, moderate in 9, and severe in one. The prevalence was significantly higher than expected from population data. Conduction system abnormalities were documented in 25 patients (13%; 95% CI, 8%-18%), and significantly more likely in the presence of aortic regurgitation (P = .005), which was related to increasing age and longstanding disease, and increased from ∼20% in the 50s to 55% in the 70s. It was also independently associated with disease duration, with higher modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score, and with a history of anterior uveitis. HLA-B27 was present in similar proportions in the presence vs absence of aortic regurgitation. For comparison, clinically significant coronary artery disease was present in 9 patients (5%; 95% CI, 2%-8%).CONCLUSION: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis frequently have cardiac abnormalities, but they more often consist of disease-related aortic regurgitation or conduction system abnormalities than manifestations of atherosclerotic heart disease. Because aortic regurgitation or conduction abnormalities might cause insidious symptoms not easily interpreted as of cardiac origin, we suggest that both electrocardiography and echocardiography evaluation should be part of the routine management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
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| 15. |
- Koshizaka, Masaya, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity, Diabetes, and Acute Coronary Syndrome : Differences Between Asians and Whites
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 130:10, s. 1170-1176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Most diabetes and cardiovascular studies have been conducted in white patients, with data being extrapolated to other population groups.METHODS:For this analysis, patient-level data were extracted from 5 randomized clinical trials in patients with acute coronary syndrome; we compared obesity levels between Asian and white populations, stratified by diabetes status. By using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome were determined.RESULTS:We identified 49,224 patient records from the 5 trials, with 3176 Asians and 46,048 whites. Whites with diabetes had higher body mass index values than those without diabetes (median 29.3 vs 27.2 kg/m(2); P <.0001), whereas Asians with diabetes and without diabetes had similar body mass index (24.7 vs 24.2 kg/m2). Asians with diabetes (HR, 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-2.02), whites with diabetes (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25), and Asians without diabetes (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14-1.64) had higher rates of the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 30 days than whites without diabetes. Asians with diabetes (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.47-2.31), whites with diabetes (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.33-1.62), and Asians without diabetes (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.11-1.73) had higher rates of death at 1 year compared with whites without diabetes. There were no significant interactions between race and diabetes for ischemic outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:Although Asians with diabetes and acute coronary syndrome are less likely to be obese than their white counterparts, their risk for death or recurrent ischemic events was not lower.
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| 16. |
- Melloni, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and a History of Cancer : Insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial.
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 130:12, s. 1440-1448.e1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cancer is associated with a prothrombotic state and increases the risk of thrombotic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. We described the clinical characteristics and outcomes and assessed the safety and efficacy of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial.METHODS: The association between cancer and clinical outcomes was assessed using Cox regression models. At baseline, 1236 patients (6.8%) had a history of cancer; 12.7% had active cancer, and 87.3% had remote cancer.RESULTS: There were no significant associations between history of cancer and stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, or death. The effect of apixaban versus warfarin for the prevention of stroke/systemic embolism was consistent among patients with a history of cancer (event/100 patient-years = 1.4 vs 1.2; hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-2.26) and no cancer (1.3 vs 1.6; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.93) (P interaction = .37). The safety and efficacy of apixaban versus warfarin were preserved among patients with and without active cancer. Apixaban was associated with a greater benefit for the composite of stroke/systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and death in active cancer (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11-0.83) versus without cancer (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95), but not in remote cancer (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.10) (interaction P = .0028).CONCLUSIONS: Cancer was not associated with a higher risk of stroke. The superior efficacy and safety of apixaban versus warfarin were consistent in patients with and without cancer. Our positive findings regarding apixaban use in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer are exploratory and promising, but warrant further evaluation.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Morin, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Choosing Wisely? Measuring the Burden of Medications in Older Adults near the End of Life : Nationwide, Longitudinal Cohort Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 130:8, s. 927-936.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The burden of medications near the end of life has recently come under scrutiny, because several studies suggested that people with life-limiting illness receive potentially futile treatments. METHODS: We identified 511,843 older adults (>65 years) who died in Sweden between 2007 and 2013 and reconstructed their drug prescription history for each of the last 12 months of life through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Decedents' characteristics at time of death were assessed through record linkage with the National Patient Register, the Social Services Register, and the Swedish Education Register. RESULTS: Over the course of the final year before death, the proportion of individuals exposed to >= 10 different drugs rose from 30.3% to 47.2% (P <.001 for trend). Although older adults who died from cancer had the largest increase in the number of drugs (mean difference, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 3.35 to 3.40), living in an institution was independently associated with a slower escalation (beta = -0.90, 95% confidence interval, -0.92 to -0.87). During the final month before death, analgesics (60.8%), anti-throm-botic agents (53.8%), diuretics (53.1%), psycholeptics (51.2%), and beta-blocking agents (41.1%) were the 5 most commonly used drug classes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins were used by, respectively, 21.4% and 15.8% of all individuals during their final month of life. CONCLUSION: Polypharmacy increases throughout the last year of life of older adults, fueled not only by symptomatic medications but also by long-term preventive treatments of questionable benefit. Clinical guidelines are needed to support physicians in their decision to continue or discontinue medications near the end of life.
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| 19. |
- Morin, L
(författare)
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Reply
- 2018
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 131:2, s. 65-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Nero, Daniella, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Traits in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 132:3, s. 374-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe type A behavior pattern and trait anger in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and compare them with patients with coronary heart disease and healthy controls. Type A behavior pattern and anger have been linked to coronary heart disease in previous studies. This is the first study to assess type A behavior pattern and trait anger in MINOCA patients.One hundred MINOCA patients, consecutively recruited during 2007-2011 at 5 coronary care units in Stockholm, were matched for sex and age to 100 coronary heart disease patients and 100 healthy controls. All participants completed the Bortner Rating Scale to quantify type A behavior pattern and the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale to quantify anger 3 months after the acute event.MINOCA patients' Bortner Rating Scale score was 70.9 ± 10.8 (mean ± SD) and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 14 (12-17) (median; interquartile range). Coronary heart disease patients' Bortner Rating Scale score was 70.5 ± 10.2 and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 14 (12-17). Healthy controls' Bortner Rating Scale score was 71.9 ± 9.1 and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score was 13 (11-16).We found no significant differences in Bortner Rating Scale score and Spielberger Trait Anger Scale score among MINOCA, coronary heart disease patients, and healthy controls, regardless of whether total scores, subscales, or cutoffs were used to classify type A behavior pattern and trait anger. However, we cannot exclude the existence of an occasional episode of anger or mental stress in relation to the coronary event. This is the first study to assess type A behavior pattern and trait anger in patients with MINOCA, and future studies need to confirm the current findings before any firm conclusions can be made.
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| 21. |
- Potpara, Tatjana S., et al.
(författare)
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Viewpoint: Stroke Prevention in Recent Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation : An Appraisal
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 130:7, s. 773-779
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal guidelines play an important role in disseminating the best available evidence knowledge and are expected to provide simple and practical recommendations for the most optimal management of patients with various conditions. Such guidelines have important implications for many disease states, which thereby could be more professionally managed in everyday clinical practice by clinicians with divergent educational backgrounds, and also more easily implemented in wards or outpatient clinics, eliminating inequalities in health care management. In this brief Viewpoint we provide an appraisal on the recommendations pertinent to the prevention of atrial fibrillation-related stroke or systemic thromboembolism, as provided in recently published guidelines for the management of this arrhythmia.
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| 22. |
- Rao, Meena P, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Outcomes and History of Fall in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Oral Anticoagulation : Insights From the ARISTOTLE Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 131:3, s. 269-275.e2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We assessed outcomes among anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of falling, and whether the benefits of apixaban vs warfarin are consistent in this population.METHODS: Of the 18,201 patients in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) study, 16,491 had information about history of falling-753 with history of falling and 15,738 without history of falling. The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism; the primary safety outcome was major bleeding.RESULTS: -VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, prior Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism, Vascular disease, Age 65-74 years, Sex category female) and HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly, Drugs or alcohol) scores. Patients with a history of falling had higher rates of major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.84; P = .020), including intracranial bleeding (adjusted HR 1.87; 95% CI, 1.02-3.43; P = .044) and death (adjusted HR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.36-2.14; P < .0001), but similar rates of stroke or systemic embolism and hemorrhagic stroke. There was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban compared with warfarin on any outcome, regardless of history of falling. Among those with a history of falling, subdural bleeding occurred in 5 of 367 patients treated with warfarin and 0 of 386 treated with apixaban.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of falling receiving anticoagulation have a higher risk of major bleeding, including intracranial, and death. The efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin were consistent, irrespective of history of falling.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Simons, Malorie, et al.
(författare)
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Celiac Disease and Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Infection : a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 131:1, s. 83-89
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Celiac disease has been associated with hyposplenism and multiple case reports link Celiac disease and pneumococcal infections; however, increased risk of pneumococcal infection in celiac disease has not been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the risk of pneumococcal infections in celiac disease.METHODS: Relevant studies were identified using electronic bibliographic searches of PubMed, OVID Medline and EMBASE (1980 to February 2017) and reviewing abstracts from major conferences in gastroenterology. Using number of events in celiac patients and referent patients we calculated a summary relative risk of pneumococcal infections. All analyses were conducted in Comprehensive Meta-analysis software using random-effects assumptions.RESULTS: Of a total of 156 manuscripts, 3, representing three large databases including the Swedish National Inpatient Register; the Oxford Record Linkage Study; and the English National Hospital Episode Statistics, were included. Each compared patients with celiac disease and confirmed pneumococcal infection to a specific reference group: inpatients and/or the general population. Overall, the odds of pneumococcal infection were higher among hospitalized celiac patients compared to controls (odds ratio= 1.66; CI 95% 1.43, 1.92). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (Q[1] = 1.17, p = .56, I(2) = 0%).CONCLUSIONS: Celiac disease is associated with an increased risk of pneumococcal infection. Preventive pneumococcal vaccination should be considered for those with celiac disease, with special attention to those ages 15 to 64 who have not received the scheduled pneumococcal vaccination series as a child.
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| 27. |
- Simons, M, et al.
(författare)
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The Reply
- 2018
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 131:5, s. E207-E208
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Verbalis, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosing and Treating the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The American journal of medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1555-7162 .- 0002-9343. ; 129:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of hyponatremia in clinical practice, but current management of hyponatremia and outcomes in patients with SIADH are not well understood. The objective of the Hyponatremia Registry was to assess the current state of management of hyponatremia due to SIADH in diverse hospital settings, specifically: which diagnostic and treatment modalities are currently employed and how rapidly and reliably they result in an increase in serum [Na(+)]. A secondary objective was to determine whether treatment choices and outcomes differ across the United States (US) and the European Union (EU).
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| 30. |
- Vetrano, Davide L., et al.
(författare)
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Walking Speed Drives the Prognosis of Older Adults with Cardiovascular and Neuropsychiatric Multimorbidity
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 132:10, s. 1207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated the impact of multiple cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults, considering their functional status. METHODS: This cohort study included 3241 participants (aged >= 60 years) in the Swedish National study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Number of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases was categorized as 0, 1, or >= 2. Functional impairment was defined as walking speed of < 0.8m/s. Death certificates provided information on 3- and 5-year mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) were derived from Cox models (all-cause mortality) and Fine-Gray competing risk models (cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality). RESULTS: After 3 years, compared with participants with preserved walking speed and without either cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric diseases, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) of allcause mortality for people with functional impairment in combination with 0, 1, and >= 2 cardiovascular diseases were 1.88 (1.29-2.74), 3.85 (2.60-5.70), and 5.18 (3.45-7.78), respectively. The corresponding figures for people with 0, 1, and >= 2 neuropsychiatric diseases were, respectively, 2.88 (2.03-4.08), 3.36 (2.314.89), and 3.68 (2.43-5.59). Among people with >= 2 cardiovascular or >= 2 neuropsychiatric diseases, those with functional impairment had an excess risk for 3-year all-cause mortality of 18/100 person-years and 17/100 person-years, respectively, than those without functional impairment. At 5 years, the association between the number of cardiovascular diseases and mortality resulted independent of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Functional impairment magnifies the effect of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric multimorbidity on mortality among older adults. Walking speed appears to be a simple clinical marker for the prognosis of these two patterns of multimorbidity.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Bhatia, V., et al.
(författare)
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Beta-blocker Use and 30-day All-cause Readmission in Medicare Beneficiaries with Systolic Heart Failure
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343. ; 128:7, s. 715-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Beta-blockers improve outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure. However, it is unknown whether their initial negative inotropic effect may increase 30-day all-cause readmission, a target outcome for Medicare cost reduction and financial penalty for hospitals under the Affordable Care Act. METHODS: Of the 3067 Medicare beneficiaries discharged alive from 106 Alabama hospitals (1998-2001) with a primary discharge diagnosis of heart failure and ejection fraction <45%, 2202 were not previously on beta-blocker therapy, of which 383 received new discharge prescriptions for beta-blockers. Propensity scores for beta-blocker use, estimated for each of the 2202 patients, were used to assemble a matched cohort of 380 pairs of patients receiving and not receiving beta-blockers who were balanced on 36 baseline characteristics (mean age 73 years, mean ejection fraction 27%, 45% women, 33% African American). RESULTS: Beta-blocker use was not associated with 30-day all-cause readmission (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.18) or heart failure readmission (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.57-1.58), but was significantly associated with lower 30-day all-cause mortality (HR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.73). During 4-year postdischarge, those in the beta-blocker group had lower mortality (HR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98) and combined outcome of all-cause mortality or all-cause readmission (HR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97), but not with all-cause readmission (HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04). CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitalized older patients with systolic heart failure, discharge prescription of beta-blockers was associated with lower 30-day all-cause mortality and 4-year combined death or readmission outcomes without higher 30-day readmission. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 33. |
- Hamill, V., et al.
(författare)
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Repeated Heart Rate Measurement and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343. ; 128:10, s. 1102-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Elevated resting heart rate is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, particularly in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Heart rate is not monitored routinely in these patients. We hypothesized that routine monitoring of heart rate would increase its prognostic value in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between heart rate measurements and a range of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including hospitalization for worsening heart failure, in the pooled placebo-treated patients from the morBidity-mortality EvAlUaTion of the I-f inhibitor ivabradine in patients with coronary disease and left ventricULar dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL) trial and Systolic Heart failure treatment with the I-f inhibitor ivabradine (SHIFT) Trial, using standard and time-varying covariate Cox proportional hazards models. By adjusting for other prognostic factors, models were fitted for baseline heart rate alone or for time-updated heart rate (latest heart rate) alone or corrected for baseline heart rate or for immediate previous time-updated heart rate. RESULTS: Baseline heart rate was strongly associated with all outcomes apart from hospitalization for myocardial infarction. Time-updated heart rate increased the strengths of associations for all outcomes. Adjustment for baseline heart rate or immediate previous time-updated heart rate modestly reduced the prognostic importance of time-updated heart rate. For hospitalization for worsening heart failure, each 5 beats/min increase in baseline heart rate and time-updated heart rate was associated with a 15% (95% confidence interval, 12-18) and 22% (confidence interval, 19-40) increase in risk, respectively. Even after correction, the prognostic value of time-updated heart rate remained greater. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, time-updated heart rate is more strongly related with adverse cardiovascular outcomes than baseline heart rate. Heart rate should be measured to assess cardiovascular risk at all assessments of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 34. |
- Mattsson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Impact of Mild Hypokalemia in Terms of Death and Stroke in the General Population - a Prospective Population Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343. ; 131:3, s. 9-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Potassium supplementation reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality and stroke in population studies; however, the prognostic impact of mild hypokalemia in the general population has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to investigate associations between mild hypokalemia and endpoints in the general population.METHODS: participants (48-76 year old) from the general population study "Copenhagen City Heart Study" (n=5916) were studied. Participants were divided into groups according to baseline-values of plasma-potassium (potassium); Hypokalemia (<3.7 mmol/L,n=758), normokalemia (3.7-4.5 mmol/L] n=4973, and high-potassium (>4.5 mmol/L,n=185). Hypokalemia was further divided in potassium<3.4 and 3.4-3.6 mmol/L. The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and non-fatal validated ischemic stroke. Secondary endpoint was AMI. We adjusted for conventional risk factors, diuretics and atrial fibrillation (AF) at baseline.RESULTS: Mean potassium in the hypokalemic group was 3.5 mmol/L (range 2.6-3.6) and was associated (P<0.05) with increased systolic blood pressure, higher CHA2DS2-VASc-score, and increased use of diuretics as compared with normokalemia. Baseline AF was equally frequent across groups. Median follow-up-time was 11.9 years (Q1-Q3: 11.4-12.5 years). Hypokalemia was borderline associated with increased stroke-risk in a multivariable Cox model (including adjustment for competing risk) as compared with normokalemia (HR:1.40;95%CI:1.00-1.98). The subgroup with potassium<3.4 mmol/L had higher stroke- (HR:2.10;95%CI:1.19-3.73) and mortality-risk (HR:1.32;95%CI:1.01-1.74) as compared with normokalemia. Hypokalemia was not associated with AMI and no increased risk of mortality was seen with concomitant AMI and hypokalemia. No associations were seen with high-potassium.CONCLUSIONS: In a general population mild hypokalemia is associated with increased stroke-risk and to a lesser degree increased mortality-risk.
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| 35. |
- Mattsson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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The Reply
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343. ; 131:4, s. 169-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 36. |
- Patti, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Net Clinical Benefit of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist vs Vitamin K Antagonist Anticoagulants in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9343. ; 132:6, s. 5-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The risks of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events in patients with atrial fibrillation both increase with age; therefore, net clinical benefit analyses of anticoagulant treatments in the elderly population are crucial to guide treatment. We evaluated the 1-year clinical outcomes with non-vitamin-K antagonist and vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs vs VKAs) in elderly (≥75 years) patients with atrial fibrillation in a prospective registry setting. Methods: Data on 3825 elderly patients were pooled from the PREFER in AF and PREFER in AF PROLONGATION registries. The primary outcome was the incidence of the net composite endpoint, including major bleeding and ischemic cardiovascular events on NOACs (n = 1556) compared with VKAs (n = 2269). Results: The rates of the net composite endpoint were 6.6%/year with NOACs vs 9.1%/year with VKAs (odds ratio [OR] 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.99; P =.042). NOAC therapy was associated with a lower rate of major bleeding compared with VKA use (OR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.90; P =.013). Ischemic events were nominally reduced too (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-1.00; P =.050). Major bleeding with NOACs was numerically lower in higher-risk patients with low body mass index (BMI; OR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22-1.12; P =.07) or with age ≥85 years (OR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.13-1.49; P =.17). Conclusions: Our real-world data indicate that, compared with VKAs, NOAC use is associated with a better net clinical benefit in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, primarily due to lower rates of major bleeding. Major bleeding with NOACs was numerically lower also in higher-risk patients with low BMI or age ≥85 years.
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