| 1. |
- Gerdtham, Ulf G., et al.
(författare)
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Price and quantity in international comparisons of health care expenditure
- 1991
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 23:9, s. 1519-1528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important omission from earlier cross-national comparisons of health care expenditure has been the failure to distinguish between price and quantity. Using recent data on purchasing power parities, the purpose of this article is to report some preliminary results regarding health care expenditure and quantity across 22 OECD countries. The article concludes that, contrary to what has been suggested in some recent articles, the relative price of health care is not correlated to the aggregate per capita income. The fraction of the national income that is devoted to health care provision increases with the per capita income regardless of whether health care is measured in terms of expenditure or quantity. The relative price of health care has a rationing effect on the quantity of health care that is offered, with a price elasticity close to minus one. The latter finding means that the health care expenditure is not greater in countries with higher prices. Furthermore, the differences in health care expenditure or quantity between countries persist after correction for the relative price and the income level. Part of these differences can be explained by differences in the definition of health care in the various countries.
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Willingness to pay for lipid lowering: a health production function approach
- 1993
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Ingår i: Applied economics. - : Chapman & Hall Ltd. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 25:8, s. 1023-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Paper reports the results of an experiment of measuring willingness to pay (WTP) for lipid lowering. WTP is derived from a theoretical model of health risk reductions, using a health production function approach. A survey of about 700 persons randomized into a lipid lowering trial in Sweden is used to estimate WTP. The willingness to give up time (WTGT) to take part in a lipid lowering programme is also measured in the survey, to assess its relationship to WTP. The response rates on the WTP and WTGT qusetions are 94% and 96%, respectively, and the patients are on average perpared to pay about Skr 350 per month or devote about 5 h of leisure time per week to get normal lipid levels. The Correlation of WTP and WTGT is 0.45 and highly significant. The results of regression of WTP and WTGT are in accordance with the theoretical predictions with a higher valuation for a greater perceived difference in health status with and without treatment. The income elasticity is also positive as expected.
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| 3. |
- Ohlsson, Henry, 1956-
(författare)
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Lags in the effects of labour market policy : An empirical analysis of job creation measures
- 1993
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 25:3, s. 343-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How and when are additional grants to job creation measures in Sweden transformed into actual employment in these measures? The estimations reported suggest that, (i) additional grants affect employment during 18 months, (ii) almost all employment falls on a 12 month period starting one quarter after the additional funds are granted and (iii) the peak in employment occurs after 8 months.
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| 4. |
- Palme, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Gender discrimination and compensating differentials in Sweden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 24:7, s. 751-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The determinants of the unexplained component of the male-female wage difference in Sweden are examined. The hypothesis that there is a compensating wage differential associated with undesirable job characteristics is tested. Hedonic wage equations are estimated using data collected in the 1981 Swedish Level of Living Survey. The estimation takes into consideration possible sample selection bias due to the non-randomness of employment and the potential endogeneity of job choice variables in wage offer equations. Overall, the analysis indicates that compensating wage differentials are not a major determinant of the male-female wage difference in Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Norén, Ronny, 1951-
(författare)
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A Takayama-Judge activity model applied to the analysis of allocation and trade in Sweden
- 1991
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - London : Routledge, Taylor group. - 0003-6846. ; 23:7, s. 1201-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter[1] is to formulate a numerical general equilibrium model of the Swedish economy, and to use the model for a quantitative evaluation of the pattern of comparative advan-tages. The model is essentially a Leontief type of input-output model, extended with linear demand functions for final com-modities, foreign trade activities and capacity and resource constraints. Due to the linearity the model can easily be reformulated and solved as a quadratic programming model. The evaluation of the pattern of comparative advantages of the Swedish economy is carried out as an analysis of the choice between import and domestic production in a temporary equilibrium framework with exogenously given world market prices, exports and domestic production capacities.
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