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- Ahrendt, Hans-Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of the combined contraceptive ring, NuvaRing, compared with an oral contraceptive containing 30 mug of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone
- 2006
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824. ; 74:6, s. 451-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This randomized multicenter, open-label, trial compared efficacy, acceptability, tolerability and compliance of NuvaRing with a combined oral contraceptive (COC), containing 30 mug of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 3 mg of drospirenone. METHOD: In this 13-cycle study, 983 women were randomized and treated (intent-to-treat population) with NuvaRing or COC. RESULTS: One in-treatment pregnancy occurred with NuvaRing (Pearl Index=0.25) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.006, 1.363) and four with the COC (Pearl Index=0.99) (95% CI: 0.269, 2.530). For both groups, compliance (89.2% NuvaRing, 85.5% COC) and satisfaction (84% NuvaRing; 87% COC) were high; the vast majority of women found NuvaRing easy to insert (96%) and remove (97%). Tolerability was similar; the most frequent adverse events with NuvaRing were related to ring use, whereas estrogen-related events were more common with the COC. CONCLUSION: NuvaRing has comparable efficacy and tolerability to a COC containing 30 mug of EE and 3 mg drospirenone. User acceptability of both methods was high.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Falk, Gabriella, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Teenage mothers : a high-risk group for new unintended pregnancies
- 2006
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824 .- 1879-0518. ; 74:6, s. 471-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: One of the targets of national health programs is to prevent unintended pregnancies, especially among teenagers. It is well established that these often lead to abortion. Preventive programs aimed at decreasing abortion rates should identify target groups at risk for unintended pregnancies.PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine whether young mothers under 20 years of age constitute a group at risk for new unintended pregnancies.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study comprising teenagers giving birth to their first child from 1996 to 2000 was performed at Orebro University Hospital, Sweden. Data were collected from antenatal and medical records with particular regard to compliance with the postpartum visit and to whether a contraceptive method was prescribed. Information concerning repeat pregnancies during the 12 months after delivery was obtained.RESULTS: A total of 250 deliveries were recorded; 70% of the mothers attended the postpartum visit, and 71% received contraceptive prescriptions. At the 12-month follow-up, 56 (25%) had a new pregnancy, and of those, 20 (36%) had a legal abortion, making the abortion rate fivefold higher than expected in this age group.
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| 6. |
- Häggblom, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Letter to the Editor
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824. ; 78:6, s. 513-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Ildgruben, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Steroid receptor expression in vaginal epithelium of healthy fertile women and influences of hormonal contraceptive usage.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824 .- 1879-0518. ; 72:5, s. 383-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether long-term usage of hormonal contraceptives modifies the steroid receptor expression in the human vaginal epithelium of healthy young women. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, three groups of hormonal contraceptive users [combined oral contraceptives (COCs), levonorgestrel implants (LNG) and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injections (DMPAs)] were compared to controls. Fifteen subjects (20-34 years) were enrolled to each group. Vaginal biopsies were collected at two occasions from each subject, and serum concentrations of E(2) and progesterone were measured. Monoclonal antibodies directed against progesterone receptors (PRs) and estrogen receptors (ERs) were used in immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed tissue sections of vaginal mucosa. A program for immunohistomorphometric quantification was devised to estimate frequency of epithelial steroid receptor-expressing cells. RESULTS: Progesterone receptor expression was markedly down-regulated and significantly reduced in DMPA users compared to controls, COC and LNG users. In DMPA users, the ER expression was significantly elevated in the first compared to the second sample, and significantly elevated compared to LNG users. Estradiol concentration in serum was significantly reduced in hormonal contraceptive users compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Steroid receptor expression in human vaginal epithelium is altered by long-term use of DMPA compared to controls.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lindh, Ingela, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Contraceptive use and pregnancy outcome in three generations of Swedish female teenagers from the same urban population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824. ; 80:2, s. 163-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The primary objective of the study was to describe contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation of contraception and pregnancy outcome in three generations of female teenagers over a period of 20 years. The secondary objective was to describe the relationship between contraception, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparison of 19-year-old women born in 1962, 1972 and 1982 and living in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1981, 1991 and 2001 was conducted. Contraceptive use, pregnancy outcome, smoking and weight/height were assessed by a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: Current contraceptive use was unchanged between the 62 (60%) and 72 cohorts (62%) but had increased (p<.01) in the 82 cohort (78%); there was no difference in contraceptive use between SES groups at any time. Condom use alone increased over time (p<.01), and the use of oral contraception and a condom together had increased in the 72 and 82 cohorts compared to the 62 cohort (p<.01). Reasons given for using and discontinuing oral contraceptives in three generations of teenagers were studied over 20 years. In addition to contraception, oral contraception was used to reduce dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding. Discontinuation due to bleeding disturbances decreased (p<.01) over time, whereas discontinuation due to mental side effects increased (p<.01). The percentage of women who had been pregnant at < or =19 years of age in the 82 cohort (7%) was lower (p<.01) than in the 1962 (11%) and 1972 (13%) cohorts. However, there was a successive increase (p<.001) in the percentage of women who had been pregnant more than once at < or =19 years of age (1962/1972/1982: pregnant more than once, 8%/21%/31%). Smoking decreased over time (p<.01) and was no longer related to SES in the 82 cohort. BMI increased (p<.01) over time. There was no difference in BMI between SES groups in the 62 and 72 cohorts but was higher in the low-SES group in the 82 cohort compared to the middle (p<.01) and high (p<.05) SES groups. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive use was higher in the 82 cohort where there was a corresponding reduction in the percentage of women who had been pregnant at < or =19 years of age compared with the 62 and 72 cohorts. Discontinuation of oral contraception due to mental side effects increased over time. The prevalence of smoking decreased and BMI increased, and there were changes in smoking prevalence and BMI in the different SES groups over time.
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| 13. |
- Rönnerdag, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Late bleeding problems with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system : evaluation of the endometrial cavity
- 2007
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824 .- 1879-0518. ; 75:4, s. 268-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study was conducted to determine causes of abnormal bleeding patterns occurring after at least 6 months of successful use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). Study Design: Matched-pair, case-control study. Fifteen users of the device with unacceptable bleeding problems (cases) and 15 controls using the device but without such problems were recruited. All women had vaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy performed to evaluate the endometrial cavity. Results: An abnormality demonstrated by ultrasonography or hysteroscopy (either device displacement or leiomyomas) was more common among cases than controls. The McNemar's test for discordant case-control pairs yielded a p value of .046. After removal of the device and reinsertion of another levonorgestrel-releasing device, all cases reported improvement of the bleeding pattern. Conclusions: Displacement of the device and intracavitary leiomyomas are commonly associated with unacceptable bleeding in women after prolonged use of the LNG-IUS. Ultrasonography and hysteroscopy may be useful in evaluating bleeding complaints in long-term users of this device.
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| 14. |
- Segebladh, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and premenstrual dysphoric symptoms in patients with experience of adverse mood during treatment with combined oral contraceptives
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-7824 .- 1879-0518. ; 79:1, s. 50-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Negative mood symptoms remain one of the major reasons for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs). The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in women with different experience of COCs. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty women currently on COCs with no report of adverse mood symptoms, 28 women currently on COCs and experiencing mood-related side effects, 33 women who had discontinued COC use due to adverse mood effects and 27 women who had discontinued COC use for reasons other than adverse mood symptoms were included. Ongoing psychiatric disorders were evaluated by a structured psychiatric interview and prevalence rates of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) were assessed by daily prospective ratings on the Cyclicity Diagnoser scale. RESULTS: Women with ongoing or past experience of COC-induced adverse mood, more often suffered from mood disorders than women with no reports of adverse mood while on COC. The prevalence of prospectively defined PMS or PMDD did not differ between prior users with positive or negative experience. Women who had discontinued COC use due to adverse mood symptoms more often had had a legal abortion in the past. CONCLUSION: Women with ongoing or past self-reported adverse mood effects from COCs had a significantly increased prevalence of mood disorders.
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