| 1. |
- Cloetens, Lieselotte, et al.
(författare)
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Role of dietary beta-glucans in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 70:8, s. 444-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present review examines the evidence regarding the effect of β-glucan on variables linked to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including appetite control, glucose control, hypertension, and gut microbiota composition. Appetite control can indirectly influence MetS by inducing a decreased energy intake, and promising results for a β-glucan intake to decrease appetite have been found using gut hormone responses and subjective appetite indicators. Beta-glucan also improves the glycemic index of meals and beneficially influences glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or MetS, as well as in healthy subjects. Furthermore, a blood-pressure-lowering effect of β-glucan in hypertensive subjects seems fairly well substantiated. The gut microbiota composition might be an interesting target to prevent MetS, and preliminary results indicate the prebiotic potential of β-glucan. The evidence that β-glucan influences appetite control and gut microbiota in a positive way is still insufficient or difficult to interpret, and additional studies are needed in this field. Still, much evidence indicates that increased β-glucan intake could prevent MetS. Such evidence should encourage increased efforts toward the development of β-glucan-containing functional foods and promote the intake of β-glucan-rich foods, with the aim of reducing healthcare costs and disease prevalence.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fratiglioni, L, et al.
(författare)
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Brain aging: lessons from community studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 6868 Suppl 2:12, s. S119-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Laanpere, Margit, et al.
(författare)
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Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and its effect on female fertility and pregnancy viability
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 68:2, s. 99-113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review summarizes current knowledge of the effect of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and related genetic variants on female fertility and pregnancy viability. Insufficient folate status disrupts DNA methylation and integrity and increases blood homocysteine levels. Elevated levels of follicular fluid homocysteine correlate with oocyte immaturity and poor early embryo quality, while methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants are associated with lower ovarian reserves, diminished response to follicular stimulation, and reduced chance of live birth after in vitro fertilization. Embryos carrying multiple MTHFR variants appear to have a selective disadvantage; however, the heterozygousMTHFR 677CT genotype in the mother and fetus provides the greatest chance for a viable pregnancy and live birth, possibly due to a favorable balance in folate cofactor distribution between methyl donor and nucleotide synthesis. The results of previous studies clearly emphasize that imbalances in folate metabolism and related gene variants may impair female fecundity as well as compromise implantation and the chance of a live birth.
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| 5. |
- Lannfelt, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Translating research on brain aging into public health : a new type of immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 68:12, s. S128-S134
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of disease-causing mutations in Alzheimer's disease has contributed greatly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. The amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide has come into focus and is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. With only symptomatic treatment available, efforts to develop new therapeutics aimed at lowering the amount of A beta peptides in the affected brain have intensified. In particular, immunotherapy against A beta peptides has attracted considerable interest, as it offers the possibility to generate highly specific molecules targeting highly specific moieties. Due to intense research efforts and massive investments at universities and in the pharmaceutical industry, the outlook for patients and their relatives has never been brighter.
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| 6. |
- Wall, Rebecca, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acids from fish : the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 68:5, s. 280-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are precursors of potent lipid mediators, termed eicosanoids, which play an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFAs (e.g., arachidonic acid) have proinflammatory and immunoactive functions, whereas eicosanoids derived from n-3 PUFAs [e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] have anti-inflammatory properties, traditionally attributed to their ability to inhibit the formation of n-6 PUFA-derived eicosanoids. While the typical Western diet has a much greater ratio of n-6 PUFAs compared with n-3 PUFAs, research has shown that by increasing the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in the diet, and consequently favoring the production of EPA in the body, or by increasing the dietary intake of EPA and DHA through consumption of fatty fish or fish-oil supplements, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of many chronic diseases that involve inflammatory processes; most notably, these include cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, but psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are other examples.
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| 7. |
- Bäckhed, Fredrik, 1973
(författare)
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Host responses to the human microbiome
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643. ; 70:Supplement S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human gut is home to vast numbers of bacteria (gut microbiota), which outnumber the cells in the human body by an order of magnitude. The gut microbiota has coevolved with humans and can be considered an organ of similar size as the liver, containing more than 1,000 cell types (bacterial species) and encoding 150-fold more genes than are present in the human genome. Accordingly, the gut microbiota may have profound effects on various host responses, either directly or indirectly, by modifying food components or endogenously produced molecules into signaling molecules. Recent findings suggest that an altered gut microbial composition is associated with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, indicating that the gut microbiota should be considered a contributing factor in several common diseases.
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