| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas R, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Probiotics in prevention of IgE-associated eczema : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 119:5, s. 1174-1180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An altered microbial exposure may underlie the increase of allergic diseases in affluent societies. Probiotics may alleviate and even prevent eczema in infants. OBJECTIVE: To prevent eczema and sensitization in infants with a family history of allergic disease by oral supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. METHODS: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which comprised 232 families with allergic disease, of whom 188 completed the study. The mothers received L reuteri ATCC 55730 (1 x 10(8) colony forming units) daily from gestational week 36 until delivery. Their babies then continued with the same product from birth until 12 months of age and were followed up for another year. Primary outcome was allergic disease, with or without positive skin prick test or circulating IgE to food allergens. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of eczema was similar, 36% in the treated versus 34% in the placebo group. The L reuteri group had less IgE-associated eczema during the second year, 8% versus 20% (P = .02), however. Skin prick test reactivity was also less common in the treated than in the placebo group, significantly so for infants with mothers with allergies, 14% versus 31% (P = .02). Wheeze and other potentially allergic diseases were not affected. CONCLUSION: Although a preventive effect of probiotics on infant eczema was not confirmed, the treated infants had less IgE-associated eczema at 2 years of age and therefore possibly run a reduced risk to develop later respiratory allergic disease. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: Probiotics may reduce the incidence of IgE-associated eczema in infancy.
|
|
| 2. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Gut microbiota and development of atopic eczema in 3 European birth cohorts.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:2, s. 343-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Stimulation of the immune system by gut microbes might prevent allergy development. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the hypothesis that sensitization to food allergens and atopic eczema are influenced by the infantile intestinal colonization pattern. METHODS: Infants were recruited perinatally in Göteborg (n = 116), London (n = 108), and Rome (n = 100). Commensal bacteria were identified to the genus or species level in rectal (3 days) and quantitative stool cultures (7, 14, and 28 days and 2, 6, and 12 months of age). At 18 months of age, atopic eczema and total and food-specific IgE levels were assessed. These outcomes were modeled in relation to time to colonization with 11 bacterial groups and to ratios of strict anaerobic to facultative anaerobic bacteria and gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria at certain time points. Study center, mode of delivery, parity, and infant diet were included as covariates. RESULTS: Neither atopic eczema nor food-specific IgE by 18 months of age were associated with time of acquisition of any particular bacterial group. Cesarean section delayed colonization by Escherichia coli and Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species, giving way to, for example, Clostridium species. Lack of older siblings was associated with earlier colonization by Clostridium species and lower strict anaerobic/facultative anaerobic ratio at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the hypothesis that sensitization to foods or atopic eczema in European infants in early life is associated with lack of any particular culturable intestinal commensal bacteria. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The nature of the microbial stimulus required for protection from allergy remains to be identified.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Behre, Carl Johan, 1968
(författare)
-
Adiponectin: a defense protein in catabolism.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 122:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 7. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
A network-based analysis of the late-phase reaction of the skin.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 118:1, s. 220-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The late-phase reaction (LPR) of the skin is an in vivo model of allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify disease-associated pathways in the LPR using a network-based analysis. METHODS: The LPR was examined by means of DNA microarray analysis of skin biopsy specimens from 10 patients with allergic rhinitis and 10 healthy control subjects. The results were further analyzed in 2 different materials consisting of nasal fluids and allergen-challenged CD4(+) T cells from patients with allergic rhinitis. RESULTS: The DNA microarray analysis revealed several genes of known relevance to allergy. The eosinophil marker Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (CLC) that encodes Charcot-Leyden crystal protein differed most in expression. A network-based analysis showed upregulation of IL-4- and CCL4-dependent pathways and downregulation of a TGF-beta-induced pathway. CCL4 is expressed by CD4(+) T cells and chemotactic for eosinophils. We hypothesized that allergen induces release of CCL4 from T(H)2 cells and that this contributes to influx of eosinophils. Further analysis showed increase of CCL4 protein in nasal fluids from allergic patients during the season. Allergen challenge of PBMCs resulted in proliferation of T(H)2 cells and increased production of CCL4 in CD4(+) T cells from allergic patients. An analysis of the DNA microarray data revealed a significant correlation between CCL4 and the eosinophil marker CLC. CONCLUSION: A network-based analysis of the LPR showed increased activity of IL-4- and CCL4- dependent pathways and downregulation of the TGF-beta-induced pathway. Allergen-induced release of CCL4 from T(H)2 cells might contribute to influx of eosinophils during the LPR. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Involvement of multiple interacting pathways indicates that it might be difficult to identify one single mediator as a biomarker or drug target in allergic inflammation.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bjermer, Leif
(författare)
-
Time for a paradigm shift in asthma treatment: From relieving bronchospasm to controlling systemic inflammation
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 120:6, s. 1269-1275
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation is a key pathology in asthma. In the central airways local inflammation leads to irreversible remodeling and airway dysfunction. Complex inflammatory changes also occur in the nose, sinuses, and small airways. In particular, rhinitis and asthma are linked by a common pathogenic process with common inflammatory cells, mediators, and cytokines. Cross-communication between the airways and bone marrow through inflammatory mediators in the circulation leads to systemic propagation of airway inflammation. Treatment of asthma has traditionally focused on relieving bronchospasm with beta(2)-agonists, which do not affect inflammation. Treatment of eosinophilic inflammation in the central airways with inhaled corticosteroids reduces local inflammation and improves pulmonary function but does not improve the systemic manifestations of asthma. If asthma is a systemic disease, the underlying systemic pathology should be targeted by identifying common disease mediators, mechanisms, or both that are triggered only during active disease. Of currently available therapies, leukotriene receptor antagonists block the action of cysteinyl leukotrienes and thus improve both asthma and rhinitis and other conditions systemically linked with asthma. Other potential treatments include receptor-blocking molecules and synthesis inhibitors related to eicosanoid inflammation. Treatment of asthma as a systemic disease requires clinical trials that evaluate the effects of new treatments on both lung function and the wider systemic pathology.
|
|
| 11. |
- Böttcher, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Reply [6]
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 117:1
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 12. |
- Cazzoletti, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
-
Asthma control in Europe : a real-world evaluation based on an international population-based study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:6, s. 1360-1367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiologic evidence related to asthma control in patients from the general population is scanty. Objectives: We sought to assess asthma control in several European centers according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines and to investigate its determinants. Methods: In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey 11 (1999-2002), 1241 adults with asthma were identified and classified into inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) users and non-ICS users in the last year. Control was assessed in both groups by using the GINA proposal (controlled, partly controlled, and uncontrolled asthma), and it was related to potential determinants. Results: Only 15% (95% CI, 12% to 19%) of subjects who had used ICSs in the last year and 45% (95% CI, 41% to 50%) of non-ICS users had their asthma under control; individuals with uncontrolled asthma accounted for 49% (95% CI, 44% to 53%) and 18% (95% CI, 15% to 21%), respectively. Among ICS users, the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma showed great variability across Europe, ranging from 20% (95% CI, 7% to 41%; Iceland) to 67% (95% CI, 35% to 90%; Italy). Overweight status, chronic cough and phlegm, and sensitization to Cladosporium species were associated with poor control in ICS users. About 65% and 87% of ICS users with uncontrolled and partly controlled asthma, respectively, were on a medication regimen that was less than recommended by the GINA guidelines. Conclusion: Six of 7 European asthmatic adults using ICSs in the last year did not achieve good disease control. The large majority of subjects with poorly controlled asthma were using antiasthma drugs in a suboptimal way. A wide variability in asthma control emerged across Europe. Clinical implications: Greater attention should be paid to asthma management and to the implementation of the GINA guidelines.
|
|
| 13. |
- Dahl, Ronald, et al.
(författare)
-
Sublingual grass allergen tablet immunotherapy provides sustained clinical benefit with progressive immunologic changes over 2 years.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 121:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This is an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial with 3 years of daily treatment with grass tablet immunotherapy (GRAZAX; ALK-Abell? A/S, H?rsholm, Denmark) or placebo, followed by 2 years of follow-up to assess the persistent efficacy. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with grass allergen tablets compared with placebo after treatment covering 2 consecutive grass pollen seasons. METHODS: The interim analyses included 351 adult participants with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by grass pollen. Participants were treated with active (n = 189) or placebo (n = 162) tablets for an average of 22 months. All participants were allowed to use symptomatic rescue medication. RESULTS: The primary efficacy analysis showed highly significant mean reductions of 36% in rhinoconjunctivitis symptom score (P < .0001; median reduction, 44%) and 46% in rhinoconjunctivitis medication score (P < .0001; median reduction, 73%) in the active group relative to the placebo group. Mean rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life was 33% better (P < .0001; median, 40%). Clinical improvements were paralleled by significant changes in allergen-specific immunoglobulins. The treatment was well tolerated, and adverse events led to withdrawal in less than 1% of participants. There were no serious adverse events related to treatment. CONCLUSION: Grass allergen tablet immunotherapy showed progressive immunologic changes and highly significant efficacy over 2 years of continued treatment.
|
|
| 14. |
- de Marco, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhaled steroids are associated with reduced lung function decline in subjects with asthma with elevated total IgE
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 119:3, s. 611-617
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the long-term association between inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and lung function decline in asthma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether prolonged treatment with ICSs is associated with FEV(1) decline in adults with asthma. METHODS: An international cohort of 667 subjects with asthma (20-44 years old) was identified in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1991-1993) and followed up from 1999 to 2002. Spirometry was performed on both occasions. FEV(1) decline was analyzed according to age, sex, height, body mass index, total IgE, time of ICS use, and smoking, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: As ICS use increased, the decline in FEV(1) was lower (P trend = .025): on average, decline passed from 34 mL/y in nonusers (half of the sample) to 20 mL/y in subjects treated for 48 months or more (18%). When adjusting for all covariates, there was an interaction (P = .02) between ICS use and total IgE: in subjects with high (>100 kU/L) IgE, ICS use for 4 years or more was associated with a lower FEV(1) decline (23 mL/y; 95% CI, 8-38 compared with nonusers). This association was not seen in those with lower IgE. CONCLUSION: Although confirming a beneficial long-term association between ICSs and lung function in asthma, our study suggests that subjects with high IgE could maximally benefit from a prolonged ICS treatment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study adds further evidence to the beneficial effect of inhaled steroids on lung function in asthma; future studies will clarify whether calibrating the corticosteroid dose according to the level of total IgE is a feasible approach in asthma management.
|
|
| 15. |
- Falt, Anette, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure of infants to budesonide through breast milk of asthmatic mothers
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 120:4, s. 798-802
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids is often required for asthmatic nursing women. Data on the transfer of inhaled corticosteroids from plasma to breast milk and the subsequent exposure of the breast-feeding infant has been unavailable. Objective: We sought to assess budesonide concentrations in milk and plasma of asthmatic nursing women receiving maintenance treatment with the Pulmicort Turbuhaler and estimate the exposure of their breast-fed infants. Methods: Milk and plasma samples were collected up to 8 hours after dosing from 8 mothers receiving budesonide maintenance treatment (200 or 400 mu g twice daily). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from budesonide milk and plasma concentrations. Infant exposure was estimated based on average milk budesonide concentrations. A single blood sample was obtained from 5 infants close to expected infant maximum concentration. Results: Budesonide concentrations in milk reflected those in maternal plasma, supporting passive diffusion of budesonide between plasma and milk, and was always lower than that in plasma. The mean milk/plasma ratio was 0.46. The estimated daily infant dose was 0.3% of the daily maternal dose for both dose levels, and the average plasma concentration in infants was estimated to be 1/600th of the concentrations observed in maternal plasma, assuming complete infant oral bioavailability. Budesonide concentrations in infant plasma samples were all less than the limit of quantification. Conclusion: Maintenance treatment with inhaled budesonide (200 or 400 mu g twice daily) in asthmatic nursing women results in negligible systemic exposure to budesonide in breast-fed infants. Clinical implications: These data support continued use of inhaled budesonide during breast-feeding.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Gómez Real, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
-
Menstrual irregularity and asthma and lung function
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:3, s. 557-564
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oligomenorrhea was associated with more asthma (Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study), but a possible association with lung function has not been investigated previously. Objective: To investigate whether oligomenorrhea was related to lung function and asthma, and whether body mass index and physical activity modified associations. Methods: Women age 28 to 44 years (n = 1631) participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey were included. Women who were taking exogenous sex hormones, were pregnant, or had recently given birth were excluded. Results: Long or irregular menstrual cycles were reported by 313 women (19%). Oligomenorrhea was significantly associated with more asthma symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.29-2.40), allergic asthma (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.43-4.23), and lower forced vital capacity (FVC; adjusted difference, 63 mL; 95% CI, -124 to -1). When excluding women using asthma medication, very lean women, or women exercising daily, these associations remained significant. Effects of oligomenorrhea were additive to those of body mass index (BMI) on asthma and FVC. Asthma symptoms increased significantly with BMI. FVC and FEV1 increased with BMI until 25 kg/m2 and thereafter decreased with increasing BMI. Excluding women exercising daily, asthma symptoms increased significantly with decreasing physical activity (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.001-1.19) per category of physical activity) independently of oligomenorrhea. Among women exercising daily, oligomenorrhea predicted very high risk for asthma symptoms (OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 3.7-43). Conclusion: Women with oligomenorrhea have reduced lung function and more asthma, particularly allergic asthma, independent of BMI and physical activity. Airways pathology may have not only a hormonal but also a metabolic component. Clinical implications: Women with oligomenorrhea should be investigated with regard to asthma and lung function. Underlying metabolic disturbance should be considered in asthma.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Gyllfors, Pär, et al.
(författare)
-
Bronchial responsiveness to leukotriene D4 is resistant to inhaled fluticasone propionate
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 118:1, s. 78-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids are highly effective in asthma, reducing inflammatory markers and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes are major mediators of airway obstruction and display proinflammatory effects. Although the synthesis of leukotrienes is not affected by corticosteroid treatment, the influence of corticosteroids on the leukotriene pathway remains unresolved. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether or not bronchial responsiveness to leukotriene (LT) D(4) is reduced by fluticasone propionate in subjects with asthma. METHODS: In 13 subjects with mild asthma, inhalation challenges with methacholine and LTD(4) were performed on consecutive days before and after 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled fluticasone 500 mug, twice daily, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with crossover design and 3 weeks of washout between periods. Exhaled nitric oxide was measured as a marker of corticosteroid responsiveness, and baseline urinary LTE(4) concentrations as an index of cysteinyl-leukotriene biosynthesis. RESULTS: Fluticasone produced a significant decrease in methacholine responsiveness, corresponding to 2.6-fold shift in the PD(20) FEV(1), and a significant reduction in the levels of exhaled nitric oxide. By contrast, bronchial responsiveness to LTD(4) in the same subjects was unaffected by fluticasone, as were urinary LTE(4) concentrations. CONCLUSION: These new data indicate that neither the biosynthesis nor the actions of leukotrienes appear to be sensitive to inhaled corticosteroids. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study provides mechanistic support for the additive therapeutic efficacy of antileukotrienes and inhaled corticosteroids in asthma.
|
|
| 22. |
- Heinrich, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
-
Cat allergen level : its determinants and relationship to specific IgE to cat across European centers
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 118:3, s. 674-681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cat allergen level in settled house dust and its determinants in Europe are unknown. Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the level of cat allergens in mattress dust, to study its determinants, and to analyze the relationship with cat specific IgE on community level across European centers. Methods: Trained field workers collected dust from approximately 3000 mattresses during home visits in 22 European Community Respiratory Health Survey II centers. Sieved dust extracts were assayed for cat allergen using a mAb ELISA assay. Results: The overall geometric mean cat allergen was 0.94 mu g/g, ranging from 0.12 mu g/g in Huelva, Spain, to 3.76 mu g/g in Antwerp, Belgium. Current cat owners' homes showed substantially higher levels than past cat owners' and never cat owners' homes (geometric mean and 95% CI, 61.4 mu g/g [48.4-77.9] vs 1.37 mu g/g [0.97-1.9] vs 0.29 mu g/g [0.27-0.31]x). Community prevalence of cat ownership was moderately correlated with cat allergen levels in noncat owners (r(s) = 0.50), but not for past or current cat owners. The multilevel model identified community prevalence of cat keeping as the only statistically significant determinant of mattress cat allergen levels for noncat owners. However, averaged cat allergen levels per center were not related to community prevalence of detectable specific IgE to cat. Conclusion: Not having a cat in the home is associated with substantially lower Fel d 1 concentration, but does not protect against high Fel d 1 exposure in communities where cat ownership is common. Clinical implications: People (including patients with cat allergy) who do not own cats may be exposed to high levels of cat allergen in their home, particularly if they live in communities with high levels of cat ownership.
|
|
| 23. |
- Howarth, Peter H, et al.
(författare)
-
Objective monitoring of nasal airway inflammation in rhinitis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 115:3, Suppl 1, s. 414-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory nasal disorder in which a range of different cells participates. A variety of approaches has been used to monitor nasal inflammation objectively to investigate disease processes and to evaluate the effect of therapeutic intervention. These approaches include nasal lavage, nasal cytology, and nasal biopsy, together with the more recently established measurement of nasal nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Although all provide information about nasal mucosal inflammation, the extent of information that can be obtained by each approach, the ease of sampling, and the complexity of sample handling differ. Such considerations influence the choice of approach when measurement of nasal inflammation is to be an objective outcome parameter in a clinical trial. In addition, the choice of approach is also determined by the questions or hypotheses that are to be addressed. Nasal lavage is simple and rapid to perform, is well tolerated, and provides a sample that can provide information about luminal cell recruitment, cell activation, and plasma protein extravasation. Nasal cytology involves sampling and recovering mucosal surface cells. It is also easy to perform and is well tolerated in general, although some find that the procedure causes a transient unpleasant sensation. A differential cell count from the sample provides information about relative cell populations. Both nasal lavage and nasal cytology are readily applicable to clinical trials. Nasal cytology sample handling is easier, but nasal lavage offers the advantage of providing considerably greater information from the sample. Nasal biopsy is a considerably more invasive procedure and requires expertise not only in tissue sampling but also in biopsy processing. Therefore, it is applicable only in specialist centers. However, nasal biopsy is the only sampling technique that directly informs about tissue cellular events, although these may be implied, in part from the other sampling approaches. Tissue specimens can be used to evaluate both protein and gene expression. Measurement of nasal NO involves expensive equipment but provides an instantaneous result, unlike the other approaches, all of which require sample processing and analysis. Recommendations for standardization of measurement have been made, and measures are considered in part to reflect allergic inflammation within the nasal mucosa. The limitations of nasal NO are that it reflects only a certain aspect of allergic mucosal inflammation, and that because a proportion of nasally measured NO is derived from the sinuses under normal circumstances, nasal NO is not specific for nasal disease. The high contribution from the sinus mucosa limits the discriminatory ability of nasal NO to reflect nasal tissue-specific alterations. The incorporation of measures of nasal inflammation in clinical trials has distinguished anti-inflammatory therapy from symptomatic therapy and has the potential to provide information about the efficacy of novel therapies for allergic rhinitis.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Janson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of infectious burden on the prevalence of atopy and respiratory allergies in Iceland, Estonia, and Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:3, s. 673-679
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiologic reports on the effect of microbe exposure on the development of atopy and allergic asthma are inconsistent. Objectives: The study investigates the association between serologic markers of infections and occurrence of atopy, allergic asthma, and rhinitis among adults in Iceland, Sweden, and Estonia. Methods: Individuals (n = 1249; mean age, 42 years) from Iceland, Sweden, and Estonia underwent a structured interview and blood sampling. Specific IgE was measured against 4 allergens, and IgG antibodies were measured against Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasmosis gondii, hepatitis A virus, herpes simplex virus 1, Chlamydia pneumoniae, EBV, and cytomegalovirus. Results: Nonatopic subjects more often had positive serology for Helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus 1, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus. Having a low number (≤3) of IgG antibodies against the various infectious agents was an independent risk factor for atopy (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06-1.93), allergic asthma (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12-2.98), and allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.21-2.37). The proportion of atopy that can be explained by a lower number (≤3) of infections was 6.7% in Iceland, 9.2% in Estonia, and 16.4% in Sweden, and 6.7%, 48.2%, and 33.4% for allergic asthma, respectively. Conclusion: Our data are consistent with cumulative protective effect of infections against atopy and respiratory allergies irrespective of route of infection. Clinical implications: The study indicates what microbes or combination of microbes play a role in the complex interplay between hygiene and allergy and may contribute toward the understanding of the allergy epidemic.Background: Epidemiologic reports on the effect of microbe exposure on the development of atopy and allergic asthma are inconsistent. Objectives: The study investigates the association between serologic markers of infections and occurrence of atopy, allergic asthma, and rhinitis among adults in Iceland, Sweden, and Estonia. Methods: Individuals (n = 1249; mean age, 42 years) from Iceland, Sweden, and Estonia underwent a structured interview and blood sampling. Specific IgE was measured against 4 allergens, and IgG antibodies were measured against Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasmosis gondii, hepatitis A virus, herpes simplex virus 1, Chlamydia pneumoniae, EBV, and cytomegalovirus. Results: Nonatopic subjects more often had positive serology for Helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus 1, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus. Having a low number (≤3) of IgG antibodies against the various infectious agents was an independent risk factor for atopy (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06-1.93), allergic asthma (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12-2.98), and allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.21-2.37). The proportion of atopy that can be explained by a lower number (≤3) of infections was 6.7% in Iceland, 9.2% in Estonia, and 16.4% in Sweden, and 6.7%, 48.2%, and 33.4% for allergic asthma, respectively. Conclusion: Our data are consistent with cumulative protective effect of infections against atopy and respiratory allergies irrespective of route of infection. Clinical implications: The study indicates what microbes or combination of microbes play a role in the complex interplay between hygiene and allergy and may contribute toward the understanding of the allergy epidemic.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Macsali, Ferenc, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral contraception, body mass index, and asthma : a cross-sectional Nordic-Baltic population survey
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 123:2, s. 391-397
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that sex steroid hormones may influence airways obstruction, and that metabolic status may modify potential effects. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and asthma in a Nordic-Baltic population-based study, while taking into account possible interplay with body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Postal questionnaires were sent to subjects in Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden from 1999 to 2001 (response rate in women, 77%). Pregnant women, women using hormone replacement therapy, and women >45 years were excluded. Analyses included 5791 women 25 to 44 years old, of whom 961 (17%) used OCP. Logistic regression analyses included adjustment for smoking, irregular menstruation, BMI, age, type of dwelling, and center. RESULTS: Oral contraceptive pills were associated with increased risk for asthma (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09-1.86), asthma with hay fever (1.48; 1.08-2.03), wheeze with shortness of breath (1.27; 1.02-1.60), hay fever (1.25; 1.06-1.48), and >/=3 asthma symptoms (1.29; 1.05-1.58). The findings were consistent between centers. The associations were present only among normal weight women (BMI 20-25 kg/m(2), asthma: 1.45; 1.02-2.05) and overweight women (BMI >25kg/m(2): 1.91; 1.20-3.02), but not among lean women (BMI <20 kg/m(2): 0.41; 0.12-1.40). Interaction between BMI and OCP in association with asthma was significant (P(interaction) < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Women using oral contraceptive pills had more asthma. This was found only in normal weight and overweight women, indicating interplay between sex hormones and metabolic status in effect on the airways. The findings originate from a cross-sectional postal survey and should be interpreted with caution; it is recommended that asthma symptoms are included in clinical trials of oral contraception.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Marcon, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
-
Body mass index, weight gain, and other determinants of lung function decline in adult asthma
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 123:5, s. 1069-1074
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about factors associated with lung function decline in asthma. OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of FEV(1) decline in adults with asthma with and without airflow obstruction at baseline. METHODS: An international cohort of 638 subjects with asthma (20-44 years old) was identified in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1991-1993) and followed up from 1998 to 2002. Spirometry was performed on both occasions. FEV(1) decline was related to potential determinants evaluated at baseline and during the follow-up by random intercept linear regression models. The analyses were stratified by the presence of airflow obstruction (FEV(1)/forced vital capacity < 0.70) at baseline. RESULTS: In the group of individuals without airflow obstruction (n = 544), a faster FEV(1) decline was observed for subjects with intermediate body mass index (BMI) than for lean and obese subjects. FEV(1) decline was associated with weight gain independently of baseline BMI, and this association was stronger in men (20; 95% CI, 10-30, mL/y/kg gained) than in women (6; 95% CI, 1-11, mL/y). In the group of individuals with airflow obstruction (n = 94), the absence of allergen sensitization and a low BMI at baseline were associated with a faster FEV(1) decline, whereas weight gain was not associated with decline. CONCLUSIONS: The detrimental effect of weight gain on FEV(1) decline is particularly relevant in subjects with asthma who still do not have an established airflow obstruction. Our findings support the importance of weight management in asthma and recommend weight loss in overweight or obese individuals with asthma.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Matheu, Victor, et al.
(författare)
-
Omalizumab for drug allergy
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 120:6, s. 1471-1472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Nilsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Does early EBV infection protect against IgE sensitization?
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 116:2, s. 438-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is indirect evidence that an increased infectious burden is associated with a decreased prevalence of IgE-mediated allergy during childhood. Objective: To determine whether there is a relation between the serostatus of 13 different viruses and parentally reported infections and IgE sensitization in 2-year-old children. To investigate whether there is an interaction between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in relation to IgE sensitization. Methods: A total of 246 infants were followed prospectively to 2 years of age with clinical examinations, skin prick test, and specific IgE analyses and through analysis of seropositivity against adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, CMV, EBV, herpes simplex virus, human herpesvirus 6, and varicella-zoster virus. Results: There was some evidence that IgE sensitization (24%) tended to be more common among children who were seropositive against few compared with children who were seropositive against many viruses, but this was not statistically significant, and there was no consistent trend across the groups. IgE sensitization was statistically significantly less prevalent at 2 years of age among infants who were seropositive against EBV but not other viruses (adjusted odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14-0.86). The interaction of seropositivity against both CMV and EBV antibodies indicated a further reduction in the risk for IgE sensitization (adjusted odds ratio for interaction, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.92), indicating effect modification associated with seropositivity against CMV. Conclusion: Our results indicate that acquisition of EBV infection during the first 2 years of life is associated with a reduced risk of IgE sensitization, and this effect is enhanced by CMV coinfection.
|
|
| 34. |
- Notarangelo, LD, et al.
(författare)
-
Primary immunodeficiencies: 2009 update
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 124:6, s. 1161-1178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 35. |
- Pauli, Gabrielle, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of recombinant birch pollen vaccine for the treatment of birch-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 122:5, s. 951-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recombinant DNA technology has the potential to produce allergen-specific immunotherapy vaccines with defined composition. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new recombinant birch pollen allergen vaccine in patients with birch pollen allergy. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to compare the following 3 vaccines in 134 adults with birch pollen allergy: recombinant birch pollen allergen vaccine (rBet v 1a), licensed birch pollen extract, natural purified birch pollen allergen (nBet v 1), and placebo. Patients received 12 weekly injections followed by monthly injections of the maintenance dose containing 15 microg Bet v 1 for 2 years. RESULTS: Significant reductions (about 50%) in rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms (rBet v 1, P = .0002; nBet v 1, P = .0006; birch extract, P = .0024), rescue medication (rBet v 1, P = .0011; nBet v 1, P = .0025; birch extract, P = .0063), and skin sensitivities (P < .0001) were observed in the 3 actively treated groups compared with placebo during 2 consecutive pollen seasons. Clinical improvement was accompanied by marked increases in Bet v 1-specific IgG levels, which were higher in the rBet v 1-treated group than in the birch and nBet v 1-treated groups. New IgE specificities were induced in 3 of 29 patients treated with birch pollen extract, but in none of the 32 rBet v 1-treated or 29 nBet v 1-treated patients. No severe systemic adverse events were observed in the rBet v 1-treated group. CONCLUSION: The rBet v 1-based vaccine was safe and effective in treating birch pollen allergy, and induced a highly specific immune response.
|
|
| 36. |
- Persson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Delineating the specificity of an IgE-encoding transcriptome.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 120:5, s. 1186-1192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although much is known about the reactivity of polyclonal populations of antibodies targeting the wide array of allergens produced by timothy (Phleum pratense) and other grass species, little is known about the finer details at the level of individual antibody specificities. Objective We sought to investigate the IgE repertoire as it occurs in a patient with grass pollen allergy. Methods For this purpose, a human IgE library was used, constructed from peripheral blood B cells of an individual with timothy allergy. The library was screened by using phage display against a panel of 6 timothy allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 4, Phl p 5, Phl p 6, and Phl p 11). Results Highly diverse antibody fragments with respect to gene usage were identified. The binders were specific for their respective target antigen, except for clones selected on Phl p 6 that also recognized Phl p 5, most likely reflecting the high sequence homology between these allergens. Interestingly, by using this approach, we were able to determine the specificity of more than 25% of all IgE-producing transcripts in this individual with allergy. Conclusion The human IgE repertoire is produced by a limited number of highly related B-cell clones and as such is restricted in its recognition of a limited number of antigens. Clinical implications Human allergen-specific antibodies can, by defining the specificity of IgE responses, aid in the development of allergy vaccines or even by themselves be used in passive immunotherapy.
|
|
| 37. |
- Poole, Jill A., et al.
(författare)
-
Repetitive organic dust exposure in vitro impairs macrophage differentiation and function
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 122:2, s. 375-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic dust exposure in the agricultural industry results in significant airway disease and lung function decrease. Mononuclear phagocytes are key cells that mediate the inflammatory and innate immune response after dust exposure. Objective: We sought to investigate the effect of organic dust extract (ODE) from modern swine operations on monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotype and function. Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained by means of elutriation methodology (> 99% CD14(+)) and differentiated into macrophages in the presence of GM-CSF (1 week) with and without ODE (0.1 %). At 1 week, cells were analyzed by means of flow cytometry for cell-surface marker expression (HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4, mCD14, and CD16), phagocytosis (IgG-opsonized zymosan particles), and intracellular killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. At 1 week, MDMs were rechallenged with high-dose ODE (1%), LPS, and peptidoglycan (PGN), and cytokine levels TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL8/IL-8) were measured. Comparisons were made to MDMs conditioned with heat-inactivated dust, endotoxin-depleted dust, LPS, and PGN to elucidate ODE-associated factors. Results: Expression of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86; phagocytosis; and intracellular bacterial killing were significantly decreased with ODE-challenged versus control MDMs. Responses were retained after marked depletion of endotoxin. PGN, LPS, and PGN plus LPS significantly reduced MDM surface marker expression and, except for LPS alone, also reduced phagocytosis. ODE-challenged MDMs had significantly diminished cytokine responses (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10) after repeat challenge with high-dose ODE. Cross-tolerant cytokine responses were also observed. Conclusion: Repetitive organic dust exposure significantly decreases markers of antigen presentation and host defense function in MDMs. Bacterial cell components appear to be driving these impaired responses.
|
|
| 38. |
- Real, Francisco Gómez, et al.
(författare)
-
Lung function, respiratory symptoms, and the menopausal transition
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 121:1, s. 72-80.e3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is limited information on potential changes in respiratory health when women enter the menopausal transition. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate whether the menopausal transition is related to lung function and asthma and whether body mass index (BMI) modifies associations. METHODS: Four thousand two hundred fifty-nine women from 21 centers (ECRHS II, 2002) responded to a questionnaire concerning women's health. Women aged 45 to 56 years not using exogenous sex hormones (n = 1274) were included in the present analysis. Lung function measurements (n = 1120) and serum markers of hormonal status (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol; n = 710) were available. Logistic and linear regression analyses were adjusted for BMI, age, years of education, smoking status, center, and height. RESULTS: Women not menstruating for the last 6 months (n = 432, 34%) had significantly lower FEV(1) values (-120 mL [95% CI, -177 to -63]), lower forced vital capacity values (-115 mL [95% CI, -181 to -50]), and more respiratory symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.82 [95% CI, 1.27-2.61]) than those menstruating regularly. Results were similar when restricting analyses to those who never smoked. Associations were significantly stronger in women with BMIs of less than 23 kg/m(2) (respiratory symptoms: OR, 4.07 [95% CI, 1.88-8.80]; FEV(1) adjusted difference: -166 [95% CI, -263 to -70]) than in women with BMIs of 23 to 28 kg/m(2) (respiratory symptoms: OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.61-1.97], P(interaction): .04; FEV(1) adjusted difference, -54 [95% CI, -151 to 43], P(interaction) = .06). CONCLUSIONS: Menopause is associated with lower lung function and more respiratory symptoms, especially among lean women.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Ringvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Serotonin and histamine storage in mast cell secretory granules is dependent on serglycin proteoglycan
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 121:4, s. 1020-1026
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Serotonin and histamine are components of human and rodent mast cell secretory granules. Objective: Serotonin and histamine are stored in the same compartment as serglycin proteoglycan. Here we addressed the possibility that serglycin may be involved in their storage and/or release. Methods: The storage and release of histamine and serotonin was studied in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and in peritoneal mast cells from wild-type or serglycin(-/-) mice. Results: Both serotonin and histamine storage in BMMCs was positively correlated with the degree of mast cell differentiation, and the amount of stored amine was reduced in serglycin(-/-) BMMCs compared with wild-type controls. The amounts of histamine/serotonin stored were reflected by the expression levels of histidine decarboxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase 1, respectively. Calcium ionophore activation resulted in serotonin/histamine release both from wild-type and serglycin(-/-) BMMCs. Interestingly, serotonin release was induced in cells lacking intracellular stores of serotonin, suggesting de novo synthesis. The knockout of serglycin affected the levels of stored and released mast cell serotonin and histamine to an even larger extent in in vivo-derived mast cells than in BMMCs. Conclusion: These results establish a previously assumed, but not proven, role of serglycin in storage of histamine and, further, establish for the first time that serotonin storage in mast cells is dependent on serglycin proteoglycan.
|
|
| 41. |
- Romieu, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Exhaled breath malondialdehyde as a marker of effect of exposure to air pollution in children with asthma.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 121:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Assessment of the adverse effects of oxidative stress related to air pollution is limited by the lack of biological markers of dose to the lungs. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the use of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) malondialdehyde as a biomarker of exposure to traffic-related pollution in children with asthma as part of a panel study in Mexico City. METHODS: Standard spirometry and collection of EBC and nasal lavage were performed. Environmental monitoring sites were located within 5 km of the children's homes and schools. Data were analyzed by using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: A total of 480 samples of malondialdehyde were obtained from 107 patients with asthma, with a median level of 18.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 12.4-28.7) nmol. Ambient particulates less than 2.5 microg/m(3) and ozone levels on the day of sampling were significantly associated with higher malondialdehyde levels. A 14.2-microg/m(3) (IQR) increase in 8-hour moving average particulates less than 2.5 microg/m(3) in size was associated with a 1.12-nmol increase in malondialdehyde and a 15.9-ppb (IQR) increase in 8-hour moving average ozone with a 1.16-nmol increase in malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde levels were inversely associated with forced vital capacity and FEV(1) and positively associated with IL-8 levels in nasal lavage. CONCLUSION: Exhaled breath condensate malondialdehyde was related to both air pollution exposure and changes in lung function and inflammatory markers.
|
|
| 42. |
- Rönmark, Eva, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
Major increase in allergic sensitization in schoolchildren from 1996 to 2006 in northern Sweden.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 124:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Time trends for allergic sensitization are poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To compare the trends in prevalence of allergic sensitization and associated risk factors in children. METHODS: Two cohorts of children (age 7-8 years) were invited for skin prick tests (SPTs) 10 years apart, 1996 and 2006. The participation rates were 2148 (88%) and 1700 (90%), respectively. The methods were identical, and 10 common airborne allergens were used. An expanded International Study of Allergy and Asthma in Children questionnaire about symptoms and possible risk factors for allergic conditions was completed by the parents. RESULTS: The prevalence of any positive SPT increased from 21% in 1996 to 30% in 2006 (P < .001). The pattern of sensitization remained similar, and sensitization to cat was most common both years, 13% and 19%, respectively. Sensitization to mites and mold was uncommon in both surveys. A family history of allergy was a significant risk factor for a positive SPT both years (odds ratio, 1.7). Factors that in 1996 had a protective effect, such as rural living and having several siblings, had lost this effect in 2006. The prevalence of most risk factors remained similar, but respiratory infections and smoking among parents decreased significantly. During the same period, there was no significant increase in the prevalence of current wheeze (11.9% to 12.4%, P = .636) or symptoms of rhinitis or eczema. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of allergic sensitization increased significantly from 1996 to 2006, whereas no increase in clinical symptoms was found. The parallel decrease in parental smoking and respiratory infections indicate a different influence of environmental factors on allergic sensitization and clinical symptoms, respectively.
|
|
| 43. |
- Soeria-Atmadja, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Multivariate statistical analysis of large-scale IgE antibody measurements reveals allergen extract relationships in sensitized individuals
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:6, s. 1433-1440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many allergenic sources are reportedly cross-reactive because of protein structural similarities. Although several aggregations are well characterized, no holistic mapping of IgE reactivity has hitherto been reported. Objective: The aim of this study was to disclose relevant associations within a large set of allergen preparations, as revealed by specific IgE antibody levels in blood sera of multireactive human donors. Methods: A dataset of recorded IgE antibody serum concentrations of 1011 nonidentifiable multireactive individuals (devoid of clinical records) to 89 allergen extracts was compiled for in silico analysis. Various algorithms were used to identify specific multivariate dependencies between the IgE antibody levels. Results: Exhaustive cluster analysis demonstrates that IgE antibody responses to the 89 extracts can be aggregated into 12 stable formations. These clusters hold both well-known relationships, unexpected patterns, and unknown patterns, the latter categories being exemplified by the coclustering of wasp and certain seafood and a clear differentiation among pollen allergens. Conclusion: Identified relationships within several well-known groups of cross-reactive allergen extracts confirm the applicability of dedicated multivariate data analysis within the allergology field. Moreover, some of the unexpected IgE reactivity associations in sensitized human subjects might help in identifying new relationships with potential importance to allergy. Clinical implications: Although clinical implications from this study should be validated in subsequent investigations with documentation on symptoms included, we believe this seminal approach is a key step toward the development of new analysis tools for interpretation of allergy data generated by using high-throughput recording systems.
|
|
| 44. |
- Sonkoly, Eniko, et al.
(författare)
-
IL-31 : a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 117:2, s. 411-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: IL-31 is a novel T-cell-derived cytokine that induces severe pruritus and dermatitis in transgenic mice, and signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-31 receptor A and oncostatin M receptor.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of human IL-31 in pruritic and nonpruritic inflammatory skin diseases.METHODS: The expression of IL-31 was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in skin samples of healthy individuals and patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Moreover, IL-31 expression was analyzed in nonlesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients after allergen or superantigen exposure, as well as in stimulated leukocytes. The tissue distribution of the IL-31 receptor heterodimer was investigated by DNA microarray analysis.RESULTS: IL-31 was significantly overexpressed in pruritic atopic compared with nonpruritic psoriatic skin inflammation. Highest IL-31 levels were detected in prurigo nodularis, one of the most pruritic forms of chronic skin inflammation. In vivo, staphylococcal superantigen rapidly induced IL-31 expression in atopic individuals. In vitro, staphylococcal enterotoxin B but not viruses or T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines induced IL-31 in leukocytes. In patients with atopic dermatitis, activated leukocytes expressed significantly higher IL-31 levels compared with control subjects. IL-31 receptor A showed most abundant expression in dorsal root ganglia representing the site where the cell bodies of cutaneous sensory neurons reside.CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a new link among staphylococcal colonization, subsequent T-cell recruitment/activation, and pruritus induction in patients with atopic dermatitis. Taken together, these findings show that IL-31 may represent a novel target for antipruritic drug development.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Svanes, Cecilie, et al.
(författare)
-
Do asthma and allergy influence subsequent pet keeping? An analysis of childhood and adulthood
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 118:3, s. 691-698
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma and allergy might influence the choice of keeping pets, leading to apparent protective effects of pets on allergic disease. Objective: We investigated the effects of asthma and allergy on subsequent pet keeping in childhood and adulthood. Methods: Information about asthma and pet keeping at ages 0 to 4, 5 to 15, 20 to 44, and 26 to 56 years was provided by 9812 subjects participating in the 9-year follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Results: In childhood asthma debut at younger than 5 years was associated with less cat keeping at 5 to 15 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44-0.82), an effect only observed when the parents did not have asthma or allergy (P-interaction = .045). Childhood asthma did not influence adult pet ownership, unless there were adult symptoms. Adults less often acquired cats at follow-up if they had 3 or more asthma symptoms (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95), were taking asthma medication (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.74), had hay fever (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.620.91), had atopy (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.91), or had specific IgE to cat (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.82) at baseline. Adults who already had pets usually continued keeping the same type of pet, except that the presence of 3 or more asthma symptoms was associated with less subsequent dog keeping (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.89). Pet removal between surveys to reduce allergen was reported by 4.7%. Conclusion: Selective avoidance subsequent to asthma or allergy was observed for childhood cat keeping and adult cat acquisition. Avoidance would produce an apparent protective effect of cats on childhood asthma (large OR, 0.83). Avoidance was generally not observed for dogs or birds. Clinical implications: A part of the protective effects of childhood cats on asthma and allergy can be attributed to selective avoidance.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Viljanen, Mirva, et al.
(författare)
-
Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic ezema-dermatitis syndrome
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 115:6, s. 1254-1259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The immunomodulating mechanisms of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) and other probiotics are poorly understood. Objective We studied in vivo the immunologic effects of probiotics in infants with atopic eczema–dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and cow's milk allergy (CMA). Methods Two hundred thirty infants with AEDS and suspected CMA received, concomitant with elimination diet, either LGG, a mixture of 4 probiotic strains (MIX), or placebo for 4 weeks. All available paired pretreatment and posttreatment plasma samples (n = 132) were analyzed for concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble E-selectin, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and C-reactive protein. Results In infants with IgE-associated AEDS, treatment with LGG induced higher C-reactive protein levels than in the placebo group (geometric mean, 0.83 μg/mL [95% CI, 0.56-0.81] vs 0.42 μg/mL [95% CI, 0.27-0.65]; P = .021). Concomitantly, IL-6 levels increased after treatment with LGG (P = .023) but not with MIX or placebo. Soluble E-selectin levels were higher after probiotic than after placebo treatment in infants with IgE-mediated CMA (LGG geometric mean, 86.7 ng/mL [95% CI, 75.2-100]; MIX geometric mean, 91.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 74.8-111.9]; and placebo geometric mean, 64.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 53-79.3]; analysis of covariance, P = .035; LGG vs placebo, P = .023; MIX vs placebo, P = .020). Use of MIX induced an increase in plasma IL-10 levels (P = .016). Conclusion Probiotics induced systemically detectable low-grade inflammation, which might explain the clinical effects of probiotics in AEDS and CMA.
|
|
