| 1. |
- Bäckström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
The Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA): Further testing of structural and criterion-related validity
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Criminal Justice and Behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 35:11, s. 1398-1410
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The validity of a Swedish translation of the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) was evaluated. All four subscales showed acceptable reliability, but the Entitlement scale can be improved by replacing items with low loadings. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a model with one common criminal attitude factor and three subfactors (corresponding to subscales of the test). The Antisocial Intent scale failed to come out as a separate factor. The criterion-related validity was evidenced through offenders having more positive attitudes to criminality than a sample from a public Internet site, a treatment program having an effect on the ratings, and test scores being meaningfully related to criminal history variables. It was concluded that the MCAA has satisfactory psychometric properties.
|
|
| 2. |
- Grann, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Actuarial assessment of violence risk -: To weigh or not to weigh?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 34:1, s. 22-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The assigning of different weights to risk factors in actuarial formulas for the assessment of violence risk in criminal offenders has been debated. The authors explore the predictive validity of an index with 10 well-established risk factors for criminal recidivism with respect to violent reconvictions among 404 former forensic psychiatric examinees in Sweden. Four different weighting conditions are tested experimentally, including Nuffield’s method, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, and an artificial neural network procedure. Simpler weighting techniques do not improve predictive accuracy over that of a nonweighted reference, and the more complex procedures yield a statistical shrinkage effect. The authors hypothesize that the general lack of causal risk factors in prediction models may contribute to the observed low utility of weighting techniques.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hodgins, Sheelagh, et al.
(författare)
-
A multisite study of community treatment programs for mentally ill offenders with major mental disorders : Design, measures, and the forensic sample
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 34:2, s. 211-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents reasons for undertaking ""The Comparative Study of the Prevention of Crime and Violence by Mentally Ill Persons"" and reasons for decisions regarding the study design and choice of measures. A brief portrait of the forensic patients that have been recruited is also presented. Community treatment programs could offer long-term cost-effective care for offenders with major mental disorders (MMDs). The study aims to identify the necessary ingredients of an effective program. Sites are selected in four countries where identification of most, if not all, persons with MMD who commit crimes within the catchment area was possible. Within each site, two samples of patients with MMD are recruited, one from a forensic hospital and one from a general psychiatric hospital. Assessments are completed prior to discharge. Participants are followed during a 5-year period. Comparisons of the forensic patients recruited in the four sites indicate many more similarities than differences.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jones, AP, et al.
(författare)
-
PHENOTYPIC AND AETIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PSYCHOPATHIC TENDENCIES, AUTISTIC TRAITS, AND EMOTION ATTRIBUTION
- 2009
-
Ingår i: CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 36:11, s. 1198-1212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some behavioural overlap exists between psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits, and both phenotypes are thought to be associated with problems in empathy. However, the broad behavioural profiles and the cognitive-affective deficits associated with the two conditions are at least partly separable. The main aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the aetiology of psychopathic tendencies is independent of autistic traits. A secondary aim was to study the aetiology of emotion attribution ability and its association with psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits. Based on data from a sample of 642 twin pairs, the genetic and nonshared environmental influences related to psychopathic tendencies were largely unique to each phenotype. Common environmental influences between psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits overlapped. Poorer emotion attribution ability was associated with increased psychopathic tendencies and autistic traits, and these associations were mainly explained by common genetic factors.
|
|
| 5. |
- Muñoz, Luna C., et al.
(författare)
-
The peer relationships of youths with psychopathic personality traits : A matter of perspective
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - London : Sage Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 35:2, s. 212-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because a callous use of others in many short-term relationships is one criterion for diagnosing psychopathy in adults, one would expect adolescents who are high on psychopathic personality traits to have unstable, conflict-ridden peer relationships. Little is known about this, however, or about the peer activities of youths who are high in psychopathic traits. The authors examined relationship quality and delinquency with peers in a community sample of 12- to 15-year-old adolescents who were stably high or stably low on psychopathic traits during 4 years. Peers also provided data on relationship quality. Youths high on psychopathic traits often engaged in antisocial activities with their peers. Although they reported conflict in their peer relationships, their peers did not report low support or high conflict in those relationships. The authors conclude that youths with psychopathic traits have biased perspectives on interactions with close peers, and this might underlie future problems.
|
|
| 6. |
- Murray, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
-
Crime in adult offspring of prisoners : A cross-national comparison of two longitudinal samples
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 34:1, s. 133-149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies from several countries suggest that parental criminality is a strong predictor of children's own criminal behavior. Recently, the authors found that parental incarceration predicted boys' delinquency in an English cohort, even after controlling for parental criminality and other childhood risks. The present study uses data from Project Metropolitan (Sweden) on 15,117 children born in the same year as the English cohort (1953) to test whether results in England were replicated in Sweden. In Sweden, parental incarceration predicted children's own criminal behavior, but unlike in England, the effects of parental incarceration disappeared after statistically controlling for the criminality of the parent. This cross-national difference may have been the result of shorter prison sentences in Sweden, more family friendly prison policies, a welfare-oriented juvenile justice system, an extended social welfare system, and more sympathetic public attitudes toward crime and punishment.
|
|
