| 1. |
- Adetorp, Johan, 1975-
(författare)
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Förhistoriska bilder som religionsvetenskaplig källa : Några kriterier att beakta vid tolkningar av religionsikonografiskt material
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 56:2, s. 65-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenge when interpreting prehistoric art is that we often lack written source material, a contemporary text written by people who lived in the cultural context that is studied. It is therefore not uncommon to use texts that are younger than the material that we want to interpret. This could lead to misinterpretations and circular arguments. Images are cultural products formed by their contemporaries and influenced by older idea traditions. This article presents four criteria that might be worth taking into consideration when interpreting prehistoric religious iconography. The article discusses how one might proceed to study prehistoric religious art and what could be helpful to keep in mind when analyzing religions by means of pictures and material culture.
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| 2. |
- Alvstad, Erik
(författare)
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"The Jew Monster" : Religion, satir och judisk identitetsproblematik i en karikatyrteckning av Eli Valley
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Forlaget Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :59, s. 31-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article examines cartoons and comics as a platform for religious criticism and satire, with particular focus on a work called The Jew Monster made by the controversial American-Jewish cartoonist and creator of comics, Eli Valley. Valley’s satirical works have a number of recurring themes, such as Israeli politics, Zionism and its legacy, the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, anti-Semitism and Jewish identity and religion. Not least is Valley often using a kind of provocative humour to criticize political and religious leaders. In order to examine some aspects of Valley’s satire, the cartoon The Jew Monster will be analyzed. The first part of the analysis consists of a close reading of the cartoon carried out with regard to its context, viz. the heated debates regarding religious caricatures that have taken place during the last years. The principal aim of this analysis is to establish what kind of phenomena Valley ridicules with this satirical work. In the second part of the analysis the reception of The Jew Monster by its audience is examined. This analysis is conducted through an assessment of the comments on the cartoon on various websites (including Valley’s own), in journals and media statements.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Stefan, 1968-
(författare)
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Humanistisk religionsforskning : En otydlig tradition belyst av "Arbetets riddare"
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Forlaget Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 2:60, s. 9-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The humanistic tradition within the study of regligions has currently lost much of its identity. It could be argued that it is in fact about to be devoured by approaches taken over from the social and antural sciences. By discussing some features that through the last 150 years have been seen as a typical for a humanistic methodology, and a couple of more idiosyncratic features, the author aims to initiate a discussion whether a humanistic study of religion is obsolete, or if it still is something wort preserving and developing. The arguments are supported by examples taken from the 19th century American Christian-socialist fraternity The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Stefan, 1968-
(författare)
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Myt idag. : Tankar om myt, politik och kultur i vår samtid
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Museum Tusculanum Press. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conditions for the creation, distribution and reception of myths have changed drastically during the late modern era. Do myths exist at all in the contemporary, Western societies? If so, where are they and what do we then mean by “myth”? The article is a sketchy overview of different areas where myths might be found, and the author simultaneous tries to discuss relevant definitions of myth. From the conceptualization of myth in the Enlightenment and Romantic era the article moves on to discuss the reception of mythology in New Age spirituality, the invention of Nationalist mythologies and the issue of myths in the products of the Culture industry and commerce. The main focus is on the debatable issue wither or not the liberal, “post-politic” discourse of contemporary Westerns democracies – a discourse often presented as drained of any fantastic rhetoric and only concerned with practical, instrumental decisions – could be said to contain myths.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cavallin, Clemens, 1969
(författare)
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Såsom i en spegel: Drömmar och visioner som portar till det övernaturliga i Michael O’Briens romansvit Children of the Last Days
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. Dansk-norsk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 59:I, s. 13-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of the realist novel was parallel to the gradual exorcising of the supernatural from the cosmos through the advance of scientific explanations. The disenchantment of Nature and Man pushed the larger religious vision of reality into the realms of fantasy, dreams, intoxication and madness. This situation makes it problematic for religious authors to build upon their religious worldviews within the limitations of a realist novel, without, so to speak, breaking with the underlying ontology of the genre. The novel then turns into fantasy, or a hybrid as magical realism, but loses its claim to veracity. The issue in focus in this article is the challenges facing a religious author when a case is made for realism in which also the supernatural is included. This literary strategy is an attempt to widen the realist framework, instead of, for example, circumventing it by the creation of an alternative fantasy world. For the discussion, the article uses examples from the novel series Children of the Last days by Michael O’Brien, a contemporary Canadian novelist and painter.
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| 8. |
- Cöllen, Sebastian
(författare)
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Myten om Þórs fisketur
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 54:2, s. 43-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The well-known Old Norse narrative about how the god Þórr fishes the “Serpent of Middle Earth” out of the depths of the waters was obviously widely spread in pre-Christian and early Christian times. The sources in which this narrative is preserved reach from Gosforth in the west to Altuna in the east and span over at least three centuries. The narrative therefore raises interesting questions about continuity, reception, adaptation, and interpretation. This article tries to address these questions through a survey of the forms of the narrative as preserved in the extant sources.
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| 9. |
- Enstedt, Daniel, 1972
(författare)
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Den svenska enneagramreceptionen
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chaos. Dansk-norsk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 2:62, s. 115-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Enstedt, Daniel, 1972
(författare)
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Patografi och teologisk beröringsskräck i Ann Heberleins Jag vill inte dö, jag vill bara inte leva
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. Dansk-norsk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 59:1, s. 199-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jag vill inte dö, jag vill bara inte leva ["I don't want to die, I just don't want to live"](2008) by Ann Heberlein, Doctor of Theology, attracted much attention when it was published and is already considered a modern classic. The autobiographical text revolves around a psychiatric diagnosis - bipolar disorder type II - but it also develops several theological and ethical themes. This article examines Heberlein’s text departing from the genre (auto)pathography, and related questions of authenticity, facts and fiction. It is argued that the pathographical reading of the text, which has dominated its reception, tends to overlook the religious aspects of Heberlein’s writing, thus limiting the understanding of the text to a testimony from a pathological individual. By highlighting Jag vill inte dö, jag vill bara inte leva in relation to a Christian tradition of confession, other central religious themes appear, particularly themes related to Christian concepts such as eschatology, "sin" and "grace".
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| 11. |
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| 14. |
- Gregorius, Fredrik, 1975-
(författare)
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Maulana Karenga, kawaida och skapandet av afrikansk andlighet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Forlaget Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; I:53, s. 103-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article deals with the history of Maulana Karenga and his creation of the Black Nationalist philosophy Kawaida and the organization US. The US organization was founded in 1965 and is part of the Black Power movement. Based upon the idea that the liberation of black people could not occur before a cultural awakening had taken place, US focused on the need to create a connection to Africa in cultural and religious matters. Kawaida, created for this purpose, evolved to include both ethical and religious teachings that rejected Islam and Christianity – particularly the idea of submission to a higher God. US also developed a highly hierarchical structure, with Karenga as its leader, and rituals to reinforce their beliefs. These beliefs included apocalyptic visions of a coming civil war that would in the end only amount to conflicts with other black nationalists. While small in numbers, the influence of the US organization has been significant, given its role e.g. in the creation of Kwanzaa, and in the emergence of Afrocentricity.
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| 17. |
- Hornborg, Anne-Christine
(författare)
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I coachingland - på spaning efter den inre potentialen
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chaos. Skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 53, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the expansive commercialization of various neospiritual and pseudoscientific practices currently mobilized in late modern Swedish pursuits of identity, meaning, and health. The focus is on the emergence and marketing of new entrepreneurs who have established themselves as “coaches” promoting personal development, and how they organize their own systems of education and certification. Publicly financed institutions at local, regional, and federal levels increasingly purchase such services for the benefit of their clients and personnel. The recent Swedish surge in unemployment, for instance, will be met by huge public investments in personal “coaching” for the unemployed. The article mainly focus on how coaching practices are introduced and applied in Swedish society, how they cater to individual pursuits of meaning, and how they contribute to socially acceptable expressions of discontent. Finally, a discussion is rised about which kinds of therapeutic messages and understandings are emancipatory for individual clients, and which merely serve to defuse social discontent.
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| 18. |
- Kuusela, Tommy, 1979-
(författare)
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Bakgrund till J.R.R. Tolkiens världar – Kalevala och andra källor
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :59, s. 97-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to show how the Finnish language, and especially the epic poetry of Kalevala formed and inspired J.R.R. Tolkien in the shaping of Middle-earth. This article explores the background of Elias Lönnrot and his compilation, and compares it to the way Tolkien’s interrelated and independent stories grew and took form in what posthumously was published in a series of edited collections by his son Christopher. Reading The Lord of the Rings makes it obvious that it is part of a bigger collection of stories, unfinished tales that somehow connects with real history, legend and myth. In 2007 Christopher Tolkien published The Children of Húrin, an edited, long version of the tale of Túrin Turambar, a hero bearing close resemblances to the character Kullervo in Kalevala. This is but the tip of the iceberg, and we know from Tolkien’s fictive Elven language Quenya that it is modelled directly on Finnish, which is also true of lot of other names in his works. In his idea of “Sub-creation” he could combine elements from myth, legend, history and folklore with his fictive world, and make it seem like a primarily world. This article shows how close Elias Lönnrot and J.R.R. Tolkien where in their idea of creating what is known as "National Literature".
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| 19. |
- Kuusela, Tommy, 1979-
(författare)
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"Med trehövdad turs skall du leva" : sexuellt betvingade trolldom i nordisk mytologi och religion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Københavns Universitet, Institut for religionshistorie i samarbejde med Religionshistorisk Forening. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 62, s. 41-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore two case studies of Old Norse sexual charms and curses. The first case is a curse described in Skírnismál which is used by Skírnir to break Gerðr’s will, and the second is a description by Saxo Grammaticus in his Gesta Danorum of how Óðinn used sorcery to break Rind’s will and rape her. The main argument is that the terminology and worldview found therein are possible to trace in other sources, where sorcery is employed to break the will of young women and force them to have sexual intercourse with the one who uttered or carved the charm or curse. With evidence taken from runic inscriptions and accounts of love magic from saga literature, as well as younger folkloristic examples, it is argued that this is not only a mythic motif, but something that was practiced at a societal level. It is also argued that many of the charms and curses contain foul language that serves the purpose to reinforce the charms and make them more potent.
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| 20. |
- Linjamaa, Paul
(författare)
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Nag Hammadi-sabbaten och den platslösa kategorin: Religiös förändring och självbildens transformation under senantiken
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. Skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 2013:II:60, s. 109-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many scholars and philosophers inspired by Antiquity, have commented upon a transformation of lived religion and a changing picture and technology of the Self during Late Antiquity. The Nag Hammadi Library contains a diverse body of thought and it is here argued that these texts are found in the epicentre of Late Antique conversion of religion and Self, containing important illustrations of new emerging ideals as well as the continuations of old concepts. From the perspective of the Sabbath, with its connection to sacrifice and creation, rest and contemplation (central religious themes undergoing changes), we survey a few fundamental motifs of Late Antique transformation.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Møller-Olsen, Astrid
(författare)
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Den daoistiske ædedolk : Daoisme og spisning i Ah Chengs novelle 'Kongen af skak'
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. Skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 1:59, s. 185-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many critics have noted Ah Cheng’s extensive use of Daoist imagery and symbolism in his novella King of Chess from 1984. The story refers directly to Daoist discourse of non-action (无为wuwei) and the power of yielding/softness in its treatment of the Chinese Way (道dao) of chess, and thus readings have focused on the metaphysical aspects of Daoism. Chess, however, is only one of the two great passions of the story’s protagonist Wang Yisheng: The other is food. This very material aspect of life and its relation to Daoist thought is the subject of this paper. By comparing the attitude towards eating in The King of Chess with material aspects of Daoism as found in the Zhuangzi, this paper presents an analysis of how Ah Cheng uses food as a theme to communicate cultural values of early rustic Daoism outside the discourse of traditionalism.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Näsström, Britt-Mari, 1942
(författare)
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Konsten att skapa en nationell mytologi
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453. ; 51, s. 13-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden became a great power in Europe in the 17th century, after the THirty Year´war. That led to an increasing demand for a glorius history. Contemporary historians invented a royal heriltage from the days of the Flood when the granson of Noa became the first king in Sweden, In the beginning of the 19th century the Vikings replaced the Biblical ancestors in the historiography of the Romanticism
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Plank, Katarina, 1970-
(författare)
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Vessantara Jataka i Dalarna : Om text, representation och materialitet i studiet av thailändsk theravadabuddhism i Sverige
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. - Köpenhamn, Denmark. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :59, s. 125-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is based on ethnographic observations and photo documentation of the festival Bun Phra Wet celebrated at the Thai Buddhist temple Wat Dalarnavanaram in June 2012.The article argues that the jataka genre (birth stories of the bodhisattva) is of importance for understanding contemporary Theravada Buddhism and lay Buddhism. Ascetic monastic ideals are often studied at the expense of lay practices. The article therefore raises questions of how Buddhism is studied, and investigates what sources should be used in the study of Buddhist traditions. The article argues that by focusing on the materiality of religion, a closer attention can be given to how religious life and rituals are being created in a migration context, including a wider focus that includes body, practices and space.
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| 29. |
- Rooke, Tetz, 1955
(författare)
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Vid pennan och vad man skriver! Om den skriftliga vändningen i den arabisk-islamiska kulturen
- 2011
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Ingår i: Chaos. Dansk-norsk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; nr 54:II, s. 19-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is often argued that the Arabic-Islamic culture was predominatly oral up until the advent of modernity. But recent research suggest a different interpretation. This article examines the problem of oral culture versus a culture of writing through readings of some primary sources, such as Kitab al-Hayawan by al-Jahiz, the Qur'an, and verses by the pre-Islamic poets Imru' al-Qays and Labid. It focuses on traces of literacy in the material, discussing in particular the history of the Arabic book as such and the evidence of different types of writing material like paper and pen. The conclusion supports the view that literacy was a dominat feature of classical Arabic-Islamic dulture, yet one that was complemented by an oral and aural dimensions that in some respects, notably religion, was eaqually important.
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| 30. |
- Svensson, Jonas, 1969-
(författare)
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Preventionsstrategi eller problem? : Genus i en nutida inom-muslimsk diskussion om HIV/AIDS
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :57, s. 83-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present article concerns the overlap of two sub-discourses within a larger contemporary intra-Muslim discourse on “Islam and modernity”: the sub-discourse on “Islam and gender” and the sub-discourse on “Islam and HIV/AIDS”. For this purpose, the article focuses on two examples of divergent, even opposing, Muslim religious approaches to of HIV/AIDS – the influential book The AIDS crisis by Sudanese-born and Malaysia-based psychologist Malik Badri and two texts outlining a “theology of compassion” championed by the South African organisation Positive Muslims and produced by its chief ideologue, Farid Esack. The article highlights the way in which the authors in these two examples address the issue of gender but also the role that gender, particularly in the context of sexuality, plays in how they, in quite different ways, approach HIV/AIDS from a religious perspective, and as a consequence explicitly and implicitly outline the role of Islam, and the means of its interpretation, in the contemporary world.
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| 32. |
- Svensson, Jonas, 1969-
(författare)
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Vem äger den islamiska historien? : Om helig historia och historisk fiktion utifrån romanen Medinas Juvel
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 59:1, s. 77-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 Random House cancelled the publication of Sherry Jones’ novel The Jewel of Medina. The measure was taken after consultations with “experts” who had warned the publisher that the portrayal of ‘A’isha and her life in the book might provoke negative reactions from Muslims. When the book was eventually out in 2009, by another publisher, reactions were in reality few. This article uses the novel, and some of the reactions to it, when probing into the question as to why the genre of historical fiction can be seen as problematic when it ventures into the domains of ”sacred history”. The suggested answer is that one of the main characteristics of the historical novel is the genre based acceptance of the freedom of the author herself to invent ”inner worlds” of protagonists and antagonists, in terms of wishes, intentions, feelings and motives. The ”inner worlds” of characters in a narrative are also central when such a narrative form part of a ”sacred history”, but in the latter case, they cannot, in order to function normatively, be viewed a result of the whims of an author, but instead must be conceived of as historical ”facts”. Hence, a potential for conflict emerges in relation to what neither an author of a historical novel nor someone who narrates “sacred history” can know for sure: what dwells in the minds of others.
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