| 1. |
- Adetorp, Johan, 1975-
(författare)
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Identitet och verksamhet : Hjulbärande gudinnor och attribut i mellaneuropeisk järnåldersikonografi
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 64:2, s. 53-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the difference between identifying and classifying attributes and analyzes the problematic implications if we confuse the two. The empirical material consists of Gallic stone reliefs depicting goddesses with a wheel as attribute. Male deities depicted with wheels have mainly been identified as a Celtic Jupiter or a male sky god sometimes called Taranis. The Gallic goddesses show that the wheel attribute was not an identifying attribute exclusive to this god, but that it rather served as a marker for an activity shared by several deities, both male and female. The articles argument that we need to distinguish between identifying and classifying attributes in order to make a source critical and methodological correct iconographical interpretation, especially when we interpret iconographical representation without the aid of any written sources.
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| 2. |
- af Edholm, Klas, 1988-
(författare)
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Människooffer i fornnordisk religion : En diskussion utifrån arkeologiskt material och källtexter
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :65, s. 125-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion of ritual killing and sacrifice of humans in Old Norse religion has a long tradition. In the more text oriented discipline of history of religions, the opinion has sometimes been very critical to the theories that human sacrifices were performed, while the discipline of archaeology has been more inclined to interpret some finds as the traces of sacrifice, although sometimes due to a too wide definition of the word ‘sacrifice’. Since the two disciplines use different sources, the research needs an analysis of the religious phenomenon with a consideration of the archaeological material, and with respect to how the two disciplines may contribute to the analysis. The written sources mention and describe human sacrifices, but the question of their authenticity is problematic. Some new archaeological surveys have revealed finds that has raised the question of human sacrifices during Late Iron Age in the northern countries anew. The new archaeological material may provide an altered interpretation of the written texts. But then we need to discuss the definition of ‘human sacrifice’ from the perspectives of both disciplines.
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| 3. |
- af Edholm, Kristoffer, 1985-
(författare)
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Risk, förlust och oviss utgång i vedisk kungaritual
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :65, s. 149-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ritual is often seen as a safe and certain of success. That the question of risk and failure is important for our understanding of ritual has, however, been argued by an increasing number of scholars. This article analyses two Vedic śrauta rituals - the horse-sacrifice and the royal consecration - from this perspective. According to brahmanic theory, sacrifice implies a dangerous break-up of cosmic structure; once started, a ritual must be successfully brought to an end, or the performer will come out lesser than before. Royal ritual also involves political dangers: being a claim to overlordship, rivals might oppose and defeat the sacrificer. Śrauta ritual appears not as a microcosm devoid of danger and unknown outcome. Rather, risk increases a ritual’s value and is an essential part of Vedic royal ritual, wherefore the most awesome sacrifice has the highest risk factor. Danger and conflict in śrauta ritual reflect the aristocratic-agonistic culture in which it evolved.
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| 6. |
- Fitger, Malin, 1978-
(författare)
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Pyramiden, tetraktysen och heptaden : “Sacred geometry” i Blavatskys lära om människans sju principer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 71:1, s. 141-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion that man besides his physical body also possesses subtle anatomy is central to contemporary holistic spirituality and Esotericism as well as to alternative medicine and Modern Yoga. Concepts related to subtle anatomy can historically be found in religious traditions worldwide. However, the contemporary “Western” subtle anatomy has a relatively standardized sevenfold structure, linked to seven chakras, described as subtle energy centers in the human body. The article discusses a central period in the late 19th century when the Theosophical Society and its most significant forefront, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, presented the concept of subtle anatomy to a broader Western audience. It also deals with the question of how the doctrine of three human principles (body, soul, and spirit) developed into her teachings of the seven human principles. A change took place around 1880-81, in an interaction between American, European, and Indian theosophists, and there is a shift of doctrine between Blavatsky's two major works Isis Unveiled (1877) and The Secret Doctrine (1888) where the latter contains her sevenfold cosmology in total. In Modern Yoga, the doctrine of subtle anatomy is usually linked to Eastern traditions, especially Hinduism, but how important was the Theosophical Society’s move to India in terms of changing Blavatsky’s teachings of the human principles? Was it the exchange of ideas with Hindus and Buddhists that initiated its development? The article explores another hypothesis which instead traces Blavatsky’s teachings about the seven principles back to influences before the move to India, as well as to specific numerological, mathematical and geometric speculations that she shared with several thinkers in her time. Similar ideas in New Age literature would go as “Sacred Geometry.” The article presents arithmological conceptions that were common among late 19thcentury occultists, spiritualists, and “mythographers.” These include in particular: The number seven, Pythagoras tetraktys, the tetrad, the pyramid, the cube, and the hexagram.
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| 7. |
- Forsell, Gustaf
(författare)
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"I tro på släktets framtid" : klerikal fascism, Sveriges Religiösa Reformförbund och den svenska kulturens förfall
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chaos: skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionshistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 68:2, s. 171-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse how a clerical fascist agent in Sweden, Sveriges Religiösa Reformförbund (the Swedish Association of Religious Reform, SRR), explained the alleged decline of Swedish culture during the years 1930-1945. I distinguish three factors - SRR's views of exegesis, race, and Jews - to scrutinise why SRR took that position. I argue that these factors were driven by a radical liberal theological project, characterised as a pursuit for a religious rebirth of Swedish culture, and interacted in the light of SRR's views of modernity. I also offer a brief discussion on the concept of clerical fascism in order to make a theoretical contribution to the fields of comparative religion and comparative fascist studies.
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| 8. |
- Gregorius, Fredrik, 1975-
(författare)
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Demoniska sår och andlig krigsföring : Föreställningar om det demoniska i Cornerstone Church
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Forlaget Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; I:65, s. 189-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article deals with the phenomenon of spiritual warfare and deliverance from demons in a dispensationalist church Cornerstone in San Antonio, Texas. The article is based upon fieldwork at the church 2012-2014. The main focus of the article deals with an event called encounter weekend that the church organizes several times a year and have as its purpose to heal people from traumatic events in their life. The consequence of traumatic events results in something called “the wound” that is regarded as a gateway for demons to enter a person’s life. The climax of the weekend is a deliverance from the demons that is interpreted to effect a person’s life negatively. The article argues that in looking at the ideas of the demonic a form of social critique is revealed and the practice of spiritual warfare and deliverance must be seen in the context of images that they are part of a larger cultural war that is between the forces of God against the forces of Satan.
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| 9. |
- Gurt, Carl Johan
(författare)
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Gott och ont : ett centralt begrepp hos nuu-chah-nulth på Vancouver-ön
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 2:72, s. 65-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the Nuu-chah-nulth on the Vancouver Island, there is a stress on faith in the Tradition as well as everyday practice of Tradition. Tradition is used among the informants in various ways, sometimes for political reasons, and sometimes for identity reason, or in a more general sense as resistance to changes and influence from the surrounding society. This article addresses the “religious” aspects of Tradition, and presents how informants perceive the world from the perspective of Tradition, especially regarding conceptualizations of good and bad. It presents their worldview in this regard in detail as well as outlines the main ritual practices connected to the perceptions of good and bad, and reflects on how nuu-chah-nulth speak about Tradition.
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| 10. |
- Hedin, Christer, 1939-
(författare)
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Om Svenska Israelsmissionen och antisemitismen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :64, s. 145-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En undersökning av Svenska Israelsmisionens verksamhet i Wien 1938-1941 och det historiska underlaget för framställningen i Elisabeth Åsbrinks bok Och i Wienerwald står träden kvar. Inget talar för att kristet dop gällde som villkor för räddningsinsatser från Israelsmissionen.
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| 11. |
- Hornborg, Anne-Christine
(författare)
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Förtrollande riter i det offentliga rummet : hur designas den lyckade individen?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chaos. Skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 65:1, s. 23-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses a new form of practices which are offered by private companies or entrepreneurs (layman therapists) whose practices focusing on self-development and healing rapidly expanded in the early 2000s in Sweden. I have chosen to analyze these practices from a Ritual Studies perspective as individual-centered rites designed to remedy ill health and low self-esteem and to build new, positive visions for individuals or groups of people at places of work. The targets for these rites are not only private individuals but also public establishments, who buy these and similar practices as means of stress reduction (e.g., mindfulness) or to increase personal capacity (e.g., coaching). Questions raised include: How do these rites reflect the structure of society? How are practices designed to be experienced as natural means for the participants to achieve therapeutic healing and better confidence? What are the visions and goals that are implicitly built into the practices and communicated to society and the individual?
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| 12. |
- Hornborg, Anne-Christine
(författare)
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Mannen som gifte sig med en bäver : Ett omöjligt äktenskap?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chaos. Skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 1:63, s. 7-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I kanadensiska mi'kmaqberättelser, vilka nedtecknades under tiden som gruppen levde som jägare och samlare, finna flera skildringar av djur som flitiga agenter. Det finns till och med berättelser om äktenskap mellan människor och djur som dock alltid slutar olyckligt. Hur ska dessa berättelser läsas? Som nonsens eller säger de något om gränser och förhållningssätt till det vi i väst dikotomiserat som natur eller kultur, djur eller människa? Artikeln använder sig av amazonasforskarna Eduardo Viveiros de Castros begrepp kosmologiskt deixis och amerindian perspektivism och Philippe Descolas diskussion om animism för att se hur andra gränsdragningar framträder än de vi i väst benämner natur och kultur.
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| 20. |
- Norelius, Per-Johan
(författare)
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”Primitiva själsföreställningar” med särskilt avseende på Indien : Om Ernst Arbmans själsdualism och dess tillämpning på vedisk religion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Forlaget Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 2:68, s. 39-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article addresses the problem of ‘soul’-beliefs in early Vedic texts, and what light comparative religion and ethnology may shed on these beliefs. The most exhaustive work on these matters was carried out long ago by Ernst Arbman, whose dual classification of archaic soul-beliefs has had a widespread influence through the works of, i. a., Å. Hultkrantz and J. Bremmer, while being somewhat neglected by Indologists. The theory posits a distinction between impersonal ‘body-souls’ and the free-soul or psyche, which leaves the body in dreams and at death. Some of the psyche’s characteristics are shown to derive from Tylor’s notion of a ‘primitive’ dream-soul or phantom, which, through its application on Homeric materials by Wundt and Rohde was later given the designation ‘psyche’ (the ancient Greek conception being considered representative of the most archaic form of soul-beliefs). The article discusses early Vedic terms which have been referred to as soul-concepts, and concludes that the categories of Arbman and his followers may be applied to them only with modifications. Something like the Homeric psyche is not found among these rather vague concepts. Finally, a few suggestions for a more encompassing typology of soul-beliefs are given.
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| 21. |
- Näsström, Britt-Mari, 1942
(författare)
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Gudinnan Kybele i Rom. En receptionshistoria i tre akter.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chaos : skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionshistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; :71, s. 109-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gudinnan Kybele dyrkades i det antika Rom. Kristendomen bannlyste hennes kult som kallades hednisk. I slutet på 1800-talet ansåg man att alla religioner stammade från den Stora Moder Kybele innan kulturen tog ett steg mot monoteism och kristendom.
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| 22. |
- Näsström, Britt-Mari, 1942
(författare)
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Kejsar Julianus synpunkter på berättelsen om Babels torn
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chaos. Dansk-norsk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; 1:69, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kejsar Julianus kritik av Bibelns berättelse om språkförbistringen vidBabels torn ingick i hans skrift "Mot Galiléerna", Han menade att varje folk hade ett språk som passade deras kynne liksom deras religioner och lagar
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| 27. |
- Olsson, Susanne, 1971-
(författare)
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Nutida islamstudier : utmaningar och problem
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 70:2, s. 83-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary Islamic studies face some challenges and problems. This article criticizes apologetic Islamic studies performed within the frames of what Aaron Hughes calls “Islamic religious studies”, which is mainly performed by a selection of North American scholars, but as this article shows is also the case elsewhere, for example in Sweden. The article attempts to explain causes to apologetic tendencies in research on Islam and Muslims and to problematize “identity politics” that influences certain parts of Islamic studies, and instead calls for a nuanced and critical approach to Islamic studies.
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| 28. |
- Petersen, Jesper
(författare)
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Receptionen af Islam i Dødevaskeren
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chaos. Skandinavisk tidsskrift for religionhistoriske studier. - 0108-4453. ; :71, s. 65-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Sorgenfrei, Simon, Docent
(författare)
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Eli Göndör (red). Muslimer i Sverige.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chaos. - : Københavns Universitet. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; :72, s. 227-230
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Wikström af Edholm, Klas, 1988-
(författare)
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Krigsguden Tyr och Tissø
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chaos. - 0108-4453 .- 1901-9106. ; 66:2, s. 65-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The War god Tyr and Tissø This article discusses the archeological site Tissø on western Zealand, Denmark, and some possible interpretations of it, from a perspective of comparative religion. It includes an empirical and comparative analysis of the Old Norse source material and, to some extent, the continental Germanic and other Indo-European material. The place name has been interpreted as “The lake of Tyr”, i.e. “The lake dedicated to Tyr”, and deposited weapons have been found in the lake. Some of the previous interpretations of the god Tyr have built their arguments upon the etymological connection to Indo-European words for “heaven/ celestial” and “god”, but the Old Norse sources have not been taken satisfactory into consideration; the Old Norse material only speaks of Tyr as a god of war. The comparative Indo-European etymological material indicates that his function as sky god is archaic, while the martial traits shared with the continental Germanic and Celtic counterparts, prove that this characteristic must have evolved at an early stage. The presence of weapons in the lake and the place name show congruence with the character of the god, who’s name is given to the lake.
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