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- Nylander, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of microwave irradiation and decapitation. Basal levels of dynorphin and enkephalin peptides and the effect of morphine treatment on dynorphin peptides
- 1997
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 31:4, s. 357-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opioid peptides were analysed in tissue extracts of various brain structures and the pituitary gland from rats sacrificed by microwave irradiation, and compared with peptide levels in tissue extracts from decapitated rats. Dynorphin A, dynorphin B and Leu-enkephalinArg6, derived from prodynorphin, and Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 from proenkephalin, were measured. Basal immunoreactive levels of dynorphin A and B were consistently higher in extracts from microwave-irradiated rats, whereas in these extracts immunoreactive levels of Leu-enkephalinArg6, an endogenous metabolite of dynorphin peptides, were either lower than, the same as or higher than in decapitated rats. Immunoreactive levels of Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 were higher in microwave-irradiated rats. Effects of morphine treatment on prodynorphin peptide levels were evaluated and compared with previous findings in decapitated rats. Dynorphin immunoreactive levels were higher in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of morphine-tolerant rats than in corresponding areas in saline-treated rats. These results indicate tissue-specific metabolism of prodynorphin peptides and show that metabolism of opioid peptides occurs during the dissection procedure after decapitation of the rat even though precautions are taken to minimize degradation.
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- Tan No, K, et al.
(författare)
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Intrathecal administration of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or phosphoramidon/bestatin-combined induces antinociceptive effects through different opioid mechanisms
- 1998
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 32:5, s. 411-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antinociceptive effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered protease inhibitors was tested against capsaicin (800 ng) injected into the dorsal surface of a hindpaw. Both p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (2-8 nmol), a cysteine protease inhibitor, and phosphoramidon (1-4 nmol), an endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor in the presence of bestatin (0.25 nmol) an aminopeptidase inhibitor, administered i.t. 60 min prior to the injection of capsaicin produced a dose-dependent reduction of the capsaicin-induced paw licking and biting response. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate (4 nmol)-induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by nor-binaltorphimine, a selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, but not by naltrindole, a selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist. On the other hand, phosphoramidon (4 nmol) /bestatin-induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by naltrindole, but not by nor-binaltorphimine. The results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate may be due to the inhibition of a cysteine protease degrading endogenous dynorphins whereas phosphoramidon in the presence of bestatin blocks the degradation of enkephalins.
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- Ploj, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal handling in rats induces long-term effects on dynorphin peptides
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 33:6, s. 468-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of neonatal handling on the opioid dynorphin peptides in the brain and pituitary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Ten weeks after the neonatal handling, handled rats had higher tissue levels of dynorphin A and B in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and striatum and slightly higher dynorphin B levels in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata and midbrain as compared with non-handled controls. The results indicate a persistent upregulation of the dynorphin system in certain brain areas after neonatal handling, which could contribute to the behavioural changes in these rats observed later in life. Observation in the open field and the elevated plus-maze tests confirmed behavioural effects of neonatal handling, i.e. showing that handled rats exhibit attenuated fearfulness in novel environments as compared with non-handled rats.
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