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- Terman, Alexei, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Is lipofuscin eliminated from cells?
- 1999
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 40, s. 2463-2464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Thaung, Jörgen, 1965, et al.
(author)
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The 'light scattering factor'. Importance of stimulus geometry, contrast definition, and adaptation.
- 1995
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In: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 36:11, s. 2313-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE. Paulsson and Sjöstrand have suggested that the light scattering factor (LSF) can be estimated by using the equation: LSF = L/E (M2/M1-1). Here L is the space average luminance of the target, E is the illuminance of the glare source, and M2 and M1 are modulation contrast thresholds in the presence and absence of the glare source. To compensate for change of adaptation. Abrahamsson and Sjöstrand later modified the above equation by introducing a correction factor (CF): LSF = L/E ((CF) (M2/M1-1). The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity of the above equations. METHODS. The importance of stimulus geometry, contrast definition, background luminance, and glare illumination is studied through theoretical analysis and comparison with earlier studies. Stimulus geometry and contrast definition are studied through optical modeling. Adaptation is modeled according to the laws of Weber and DeVries-Rose. RESULTS. The choice of contrast definition may corrupt the result by a factor of 2. At background luminance levels above approximately 10 cd/m2, the Paulsson-Sjöstrand equation agrees well with theory. At lower background levels, the Abrahamsson-Sjöstrand equation is used with correction factors derived from adaptation measurements. Using this equation and earlier published data from glare testing performed at 2 cd/m2, the results are found to be in fair agreement with the light scattering theory. CONCLUSIONS. Glare testing using the Paulsson-Sjöstrand equation is found to be valid as long as the measurements are performed at high luminance levels (above 10 cd/m2), with targets of low spatiotemporal frequencies (e.g., 2 cpd and 1 Hz) and with the use of a properly chosen definition of contrast. At lower luminance levels, the Abrahamsson-Sjöstrand equation may be used with well-derived correction factors.
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- Bauer, S, et al.
(author)
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Phenotype in a Swedish family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa caused by a novel splice defect in the RPGR gene
- 1998
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - 1552-5783. ; 39:12, s. 2470-2474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the clinical phenotype in a Swedish family with X- linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) resulting from a novel splice defect in the RPGR gene. METHODS: RPGR mutation analysis was performed in one family with XLRP, and several individuals from the family were examined clinically. RESULTS: The causative mutation in the family was demonstrated to be a single base-pair change at the splice donor site in intron 7 that resulted in skipping of the complete exon 7 in the mature RPGR transcript. The aberrant mRNA is predicted to produce an RPGR protein with an in-frame deletion of 53 amino acids, corresponding to an RCC1-homology repeat. Clinical studies that included ophthalmological examination and full-field electroretinography showed that this splice mutation resulted in a comparatively less severe form of RP. CONCLUSIONS: Correlation of a causative RPGR genotype with clinical findings in hemizygotes and carrier heterozygotes is an important step toward predictive diagnosis and should assist in the development of gene-based therapies in the future.
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- Fagerholm, P, et al.
(author)
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Refractive stability after park
- 1996
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In: INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE. - 0146-0404. ; 37:3, s. 245-245
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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- Ghosh, F, et al.
(author)
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Graft-host connections in long-term full-thickness embryonic rabbit retinal transplants
- 1999
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - 0146-0404. ; 40:1, s. 32-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To establish neuronal connections in the rod and cone pathway between laminated rabbit retinal transplants and the host retina.METHODS: Fourteen adult rabbits received a complete full-thickness embryonic transplant. After survival times of 3 to 10 months, the retinas were studied under light microscope and with immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against protein kinase C (PKC), parvalbumin, and calbindin were used to label rod bipolar cells, AII amacrine cells, and cone bipolar cells, respectively. The AB5 antibody was used to label ganglion cells.RESULTS: The transplants displayed laminated morphology with layers parallel to the host retinal pigment epithelium. In the oldest specimens (10 months after surgery), laminated layers of graft and host approached each other and almost reconstructed the normal retinal appearance. The ganglion and cone bipolar cells of the host survived well, as was seen with AB5 and calbindin double-labeling. Connections between cone bipolar cells in the graft and ganglion cells in the host were not common. PKC-labeled rod bipolar cells and parvalbumin-labeled AII amacrine cells of host and graft showed sprouting activity directed toward an intermediate plexiform layer located between the graft and host. In specimens double-labeled with PKC and parvalbumin, this intermediate plexiform layer was seen to contain numerous PKC- and parvalbumin-labeled processes. Direct connections between rod bipolar and AII amacrine cells in host and graft were seen in the 10-month specimens.CONCLUSIONS: Full-thickness embryonic transplants survive for at least 10 months, and normal laminated morphology develops. Host and graft fuse and together contribute nerve cell processes to an intermediate plexiform layer. Direct graft-host contacts are also present between neuronal types that in the normal retina participate in the rod pathway.
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| 24. |
- Ghosh, F, et al.
(author)
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Long-term full-thickness embryonic rabbit retinal transplants
- 1999
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - 0146-0404. ; 40:1, s. 42-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To establish the light and electron microscopic morphology of long-term full-thickness embryonic rabbit retinal transplants, with special attention paid to graft- host integration.METHODS: Eighteen rabbits received a complete embryonic neuroretina 19 days after conception. The transplants were positioned under the host retina, flat against the host retinal pigment epithelium with proper polarity, using a vitrectomy technique. After surviving 3 to 10 months, the transplants were examined by light and electron microscopy.RESULTS: The outer retina of the host had degenerated in all specimens. In 16 of the 18 eyes, well-laminated transplants with correct polarity, measuring up to 3.2 mm in length, were found. The transplants displayed long outer segments facing the host retinal pigment epithelium, and they were laminated to the level of the inner plexiform layer in which fusion with the host was often evident. Fusion was more prominent in the oldest transplants. Electron microscopy revealed bundles of neurites at different levels of maturation in close contact with Müller cell fimbriae at regular intervals along the graft-host border.CONCLUSIONS: Full-thickness embryonic rabbit retinal transplants positioned with correct polarity develop into large laminated retinas and survive without immunosuppression for at least 10 months. Host and graft adapt and almost reconstruct the normal retinal appearance. Ultrastructurally, well-developed photoreceptors and many normal synapse types are seen, and neuron sprouting is evident at the graft-host border.
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- LEE, W, et al.
(author)
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MECHANICAL PHACOABLATION (MPA)
- 1995
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In: INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE. - 0146-0404. ; 36:4, s. S808-S808
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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