| 1. |
- Caro, F., et al.
(författare)
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School Redistricting : Embedding GISTools with Integer Programming
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the Operational Research Society. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 0160-5682 .- 1476-9360. ; 55:8, s. 836-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper deals with a school redistricting problem in which blocks of a city must be assigned to schools according to diverse criteria. Previous approaches are reviewed and some desired properties of a good school districting plan are established. An optimization model together with a geographic information system environment are then proposed for finding a solution that satisfies these properties. A prototype of the system is described, some implementation issues are discussed, and two real-life examples from the city of Philadelphia are studied, one corresponding to a relatively easy to solve problem, and the other to a much harder one. The trade-offs in the solutions are analysed and feasibility questions are discussed. The results of the study strongly suggest that ill-defined spatial problems, such as school redistricting, can be addressed effectively by an interaction between objective analysis and subjective judgement.
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| 2. |
- Førsund, F.R., et al.
(författare)
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Calculating scale elasticity in DEA models
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the Operational Research Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0160-5682 .- 1476-9360. ; 55:10, s. 1023-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Hartley, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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On the design of lottery games
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Operational Research Society. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 0160-5682 .- 1476-9360. ; 54:1, s. 89-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a model of participation in lottery games designed to address the optimisation of tax revenue in state-sponsored lotteries. The model treats participants dynamically and examines a long-run equilibrium. A novel high frequency approximation is used to turn the problem into a static, state-contingent deterministic programming problem. We demonstrate that the solution of this problem has qualitatively plausible properties and then calibrate the model against the United Kingdom National Lottery (UKNL). The results suggest that the current design of the UKNL may not be maximising tax revenue.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Team-based reconstruction for expanding organisational ability
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Operational Research Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0160-5682 .- 1476-9360. ; 54:2, s. 119-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organisations can be interpreted as a collection of actors who produce value for clients. In order for organisations to stay competitive there is a need for organisations to continuously develop their ability. An organisation’s ability is determined by its ability to effectively apply existing knowledge to create new knowledge and to take action that forms the basis for achieving competitive advantage from knowledge-based assets. One means for developing the organisational ability is to establish a mutually accepted understanding of the context in which the actors are acting. One important part of the organisation’s knowledge creation processes is to facilitate the sharing of personal knowledge. A condition for developing the organisational ability is to expand the amount of shared knowledge to an appropriate level. One type of knowledge that needs to be shared among different actors within the organisation is the knowledge about how and in which order actions are performed (contextual knowledge) in order to satisfy client needs. In this paper an approach for team-based reconstruction, used for moving from personal to shared contextual knowledge, is presented. The approach bears on the foundation of theories about knowledge management for understanding the process of externalisation and theories about language action for understanding organisations. Experiences from three case studies are presented. Team-based reconstruction can be used for (1) moving from personal knowledge to shared contextual knowledge in an efficient way, (2) arriving at a foundation for efficient organisational coordination, (3) arriving at a base for development work, and (4) organisational learning.
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| 5. |
- Papahristodoulou, Christos, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal portfolios using Linear Programming Models
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the Operational Research Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0160-5682 .- 1476-9360. ; 55:11, s. 1169-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical Quadratic Programming (QP) formulation of the well-known portfolio selection problem has traditionally been regarded as cumbersome and time consuming. This paper formulates two additional models, (i) maximin, and (ii) minimization of mean absolute deviation. Data from 67 securities over 48 months are used to examine to what extent all three formulations provide similar portfolios. As expected, the maximin formulation yields the highest return and risk, while the QP formulation provides the lowest risk and return, which also creates the efficient frontier. The minimization of mean absolute deviation is close to the QP formulation. When the expected returns are confronted with the true ones at the end of a six months period, the maximin portfolios seem to be the most robust of all.
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