| 1. |
- Brown, C., et al.
(author)
-
On the physics of the infant feeding bottle and middle ear sequela : Ear disease in infants can be associated with bottle feeding
- 2000
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 54:1, s. 13-20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: When using conventional feeding bottles, negative pressure is generated in the oral cavity, as well as, in the bottle when fluid is removed by sucking. The negative pressure inside the bottle causes the infant to suck excessively and the intraoral negative pressure may subsequently be transmitted to the middle ear via the eustachian tube. Methods: In seven infants, simultaneous pressure recordings were performed in the feeding vessel and the middle ear using three types of feeding bottles. Results: With conventional non-ventilated and under-ventilated bottles a negative pressure formed while the infant sucked and negative intratympanic pressure was frequently generated. Conclusions: It is suggested that this sequence of events may lead to secretory otitis and it's accompanying consequences. In contrast, a fully ventilated bottle showed positive pressure throughout the feeding procedure, which is similar to normal breast-feeding, and negative pressure changes were not recorded in the middle ear.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bunne, Marie, et al.
(author)
-
Variability of Eustachian tube function in children with secretory otitis media. Evaluations at tube insertion and at follow-up
- 2000
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 52:2, s. 131-141
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Despite the variable clinical course of diseases related to Eustachian tube function, the variability of tubal function has been less focused than outcomes of single tests. This study aimed to compare the passive and active tubal function and its variability in children with secretory otitis media (SOM) at tube insertion and at follow-up. Method: Thirty-eight ears in 19 children aged 4-10 years (mean 7.0 years) with long-standing SOM were examined 4-6 h after tube insertion, at 4 months and at 9 months. The pressure in the middle ear and the nasopharynx were recorded while performing (1) forced opening test, (2) equalization of +100 and −100 daPa, (3) Valsalva test, and (4) sniff test. The procedure was repeated after 30 min. Relationships were analyzed by uni- and multi-variate analysis of variance. Results: From tube insertion to 4 months, the mean forced opening pressure increased from 282±128 to 355±153 daPa (P<0.01), and the mean closing pressure from 91±51 to 126±82 daPa (P<0.01). There was no further change at 9 months. Female gender, serous effusion (in contrast to mucoid), and more than three previous episodes of acute otitis media were related to higher opening and closing pressures. At tube insertion, 60% and 16% equalized +100 and −100 daPa, respectively, and 28% succeeded in performing Valsalva inflation. The sniff test was positive in 32%, indicating a closing failure. These rates did not change significantly over time. For individual ears, outcomes of all tests varied considerably when retested after 30 min; Po changed by ±12% and Pc by ±26%, and 9-29% of the ears changed from a positive to negative response, or vice versa, in the equalization, Valsalva, and sniff tests. Conclusions: The unexpected finding of weaker closing forces at the day of tube insertion and increased tubal resistance at follow-up might be ascribed to changes in the muco-adhesive forces related to the disease and tube treatment. The pronounced intra-individual variability of test outcomes indicates that tubal function is dynamic and variable in ears prone to SOM, which emphasizes that results of single tubal function tests have very low prognostic value.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Forséni, M., et al.
(author)
-
Detection and localization of interleukin-6 in the rat middle ear during experimental acute otitis media, using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
- 2001
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 57:2, s. 115-121
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Otitis media is one of the most common diseases among children. A well-known sequela of acute, chronic, and secretory otitis media is tympanosclerosis. With the exception of surgery, there is no causal treatment available for this condition, which may cause hearing disabilities. This study aimed to describe the localization of interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA and its gene product in the rat middle ear during pneumococcal otitis media. IL-6 is known to be involved in inflammatory and bone remodeling processes. METHODS: Using an experimental model of pneumococcal acute otitis media, the expression of interleukin IL-6, was analyzed. Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed at different time points varying from 1 h to 6 days intervals after inoculation. The middle ears were analyzed by messenger RNA in situ hybridization, and by immunohistochemistry with cell-type specific antibodies directed against IL-6. RESULTS: Transcripts of IL-6 were observed only on day 1 post-inoculation, whereas the final gene product was observed at all intervals after inoculation. IL-6 was localized in the bony part of the bulla nearest to the mucosa, around mucosal vessels, and in the ciliae of the mucosal epithelium. The results demonstrated that IL-6 was synthesized locally as early as 1 h after bacterial middle ear challenge, and that although transcription could not be detected after 24 h, the cytokine product persisted for at least 5 days after the infection was introduced. CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 was shown to be produced early in the inflammatory process during induced pneumococcal otitis media in the rat. No production was seen after 24 h although the protein remained in the tissue for at least 5 days. IL-6 could initiate a differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts and thereby participate in a bone remodeling process leading to tympanosclerosis development.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hedin-Skogman, Barbro, et al.
(author)
-
Acute facial palsy in children - a 2-year follow-up study with focus on Lyme neuroborreliosis
- 2003
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876. ; 67:6, s. 597-602
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Acute facial palsy in children is believed to be a rather benign neurological condition. Follow-up-studies are sparse, especially including a thorough otoneurological re-examination. The aim of this study was to examine children with a history of facial palsy in order to register the incidence of complete recovery and the severity and nature of sequelae. We also wanted to investigate whether there was a correlation between sequelae and Lyme Borreliosis, treatment or other health problems. Methods: Twenty-seven children with a history of facial palsy were included. A re-examination was performed by an Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) specialist 1–2.9 years (median 2) after the acute facial palsy. The otoneurological examination included grading the three branches of the facial nerve with the House-Brackman score, otomicroscopy and investigation with Frenzel glasses. A paediatrician interviewed the families. Medical files were analysed. Result: The incidence of complete recovery was 78% at the 2-year follow-up. In six out of 27 children (22%), the facial nerve function was mildly or moderately impaired. Four children reported problems with tear secretion and pronunciation. There was no correlation between sequelae after the facial palsy and gender, age, related symptoms, Lyme neuroborreliosis (NB), treatment, other health problems or performance. Conclusion: One fifth of children with an acute facial palsy get a permanent dysfunction of the facial nerve. Other neurological symptoms or health problems do not accompany the sequelae of the facial palsy. Lyme NB or treatment seems to have no correlation to clinical outcome. Factors of importance for complete recovery after an acute facial palsy are still not known.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Ewa, et al.
(author)
-
Tonsillectomy - Clinical consequences twenty years after surgery?
- 2003
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 67:9, s. 981-988
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tonsillectomy (T) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on children. Long-term follow-up studies concerning its consequences are lacking. This study is the first study done on a group of patients that underwent T in their childhood, about 20 years ago. The investigation is a cohort study, which followed-up 18 patients who were tonsillectomized 20 years ago. It was to be determined whether these subjects suffer from more respiratory tract infections (or other infections) today, than people who are not tonsillectomized. A group of 54 age-matched subjects were selected for comparison. A questionnaire was mailed to the study population. No significant differences were found between the groups in the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection (URI). The mean number of URI's was approximately [MSOffice1]2.5 per year in both groups. The duration of the URI's was identical in each group. A high temperature was present to the same extent in each group. Absence from work, number of visits to physicians and the use of antibiotics were the same in each group. However, the prevalence of chronic disease was greater in the T-group than in the comparison group. The difference was significant with a Relative Risk of 9.41 and a Confidence Interval differing from 1 (1.13
|
|
| 8. |
- Keck, T, et al.
(author)
-
Rhinolith of the nasal septum
- 2000
-
In: International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876. ; 53:3, s. 225-228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 9. |
- Magnúsdóttir, Anna Björk, et al.
(author)
-
Experimental study of the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to penicillin
- 2000
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 55:1, s. 1-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. In a few years, penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSP) have emerged worldwide as a new threat. In order to better understand the mechanisms behind the rapid expansion of these strains, the virulence of 10 clinical and two transformed PNSP strains were compared with the virulence of three fully susceptible strains in a mouse model of bacteremia and a rat model of acute otitis media. Serotype, antibiotic susceptibility, and to some extent also genetic profile and growth rate of the strains were investigated before inoculation. The animals were monitored for up to 7 days after challenge by clinical examinations/otomicroscopy and cultures from middle ears and blood. The results of the study demonstrated that the PNSP strains had a significantly reduced ability to persist at the infectious site, and to some extent also to induce infections, compared with fully susceptible strains. The reduction was most evident for strains isolated from sources other than blood. It is therefore possible that other factors than virulence factors are of importance for the ability of PNSP strains to expand.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Ryding, Marie, et al.
(author)
-
Eustachian tube function and tympanic membrane findings after chronic secretory otitis media
- 2004
-
In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8464 .- 0165-5876. ; 68:2, s. 197-204
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The etiology of secretory otitis media (SOM) is multifactorial. The main factors discussed are infection and tuba[ dysfunction. This study aimed to detect poor tuba[ function and tympanic membrane pathology in young adults after extremely long-standing SOM. Methods: Thirty-four patients, 16-25 years old, with previous chronic SOM persisting at least 6 years (mean 11.2 years, range 6.2-18.6 years), were retrospectively examined at a mean of 18 years after their first myringotomy or tube insertion and comparison was made with 15 controls. The medical records were scrutinized, otomicroscopic examination was performed and the Eustachian tube function was studied in a mini pressure chamber. Results: The mean age at SOM onset was 2.4 years (range 0.5-8.4 years) and the mean period from the last myringotomy or when the last tube had disappeared to follow-up was 6.7 years (range 1.3-12.8 years). Tympanic membrane pathology was found in 76% of the ears of SOM patients and in none (0%) of controls (P < 0.001). The youngest patients had more atrophy than the older patients (P < 0.05) and more myringosclerosis was observed in patients with shorter interval between SOM ending and examination. The patients were found to have significantly poorer active tuba[ function; i.e. higher inability to equilibrate negative or negative and positive middle ear pressure, compared with controls (P < 0.001). The majority of the patients (74%) still experienced some kind of discomfort in their ears at the time of examination. Conclusions: Still in adulthood patients with chronic SOM during childhood exhibit dysfunction of the tube and tympanic membrane pathology to a high extent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. AIL rights reserved.
|
|
| 12. |
- Sjögreen, Lotta, 1954, et al.
(author)
-
Development of speech, feeding, eating, and facial expression in Möbius sequence.
- 2001
-
In: International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. - 0165-5876. ; 60:3, s. 197-204
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Möbius sequence is a rare congenital disorder with the primary diagnostic criteria of congenital facial and abducens nerve palsy. Involvement from other cranial nerves is common. Orofacial anomalies and limb malformations may be associated with the disorder. Mental retardation and autism have been reported in some. The aim of this study was to describe orofacial dysfunction observed in a prospective, multidisciplinary study of individuals with Möbius sequence. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with Möbius sequence, aged 2 months to 54 years, participated in the study. Clinical observations by different medical specialists were collected in an established database. Dentists and a speech pathologist made the orofacial examination. The parents or the patient described orofacial function and dysfunction through interviews and a questionnaire. RESULTS: Bilateral facial palsy was observed in 16 patients, unilateral palsy in 9. Observed orofacial anomalies were tongue dysfunction (16), micrognatia (8), microglossia (7), cleft palate (4), and cleft lip (1). Seventeen had speech problems, 16 reported feeding difficulties in infancy, 14 eating problems, and 8 drooling. CONCLUSIONS: Orofacial problems are common in Möbius sequence and have a significant impact on the quality of life for the patient and for the whole family. Early intervention by a speech pathologist and a paediatric dentist should be undertaken to improve orofacial function and symptoms. Plastic surgery, oral motor training, facial massage, speech therapy, and orthodontic treatment are some of the therapy methods that can be considered.
|
|
