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- Samuelsson, Ulf, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Islet autoantibodies in the prediction of diabetes in school children
- 2001
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - 1872-8227 .- 0168-8227. ; 51:1, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1987 serum was collected from 1031 non-diabetic schoolchildren in the Southeast area of Sweden with the aim of evaluating islet autoantibody status (ICA, GADA and IA2-ab) in the prediction of diabetes in schoolchildren. The clinical development of Type 1 diabetes in the children was assessed in 1994 and 1997. The combination of ICA, GADA and IA2-ab were found in four subjects whereas six had two and 35 children one of these antibodies. After 10 years, six of the 1031 children had developed clinical diabetes and five of these six children were positive for islet antibodies. Two were positive for all three antibodies, two were positive for ICA and GADA, and one was positive for GADA. Among the individual autoantibodies, ICA showed the highest positive predictive value (29%) whereas the predictive value for the combination of two autoantibodies was highest for GADA and ICA (40%). Thus, GADA and ICA measurements may be a rational approach to detect schoolchildren at risk for developing diabetes.
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- Karlsson, Maria G. E., 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The ABBOS-peptide from bovine serum albumin causes an IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA response in lymphocytes from children with recent onset of type 1 diabetes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 47:3, s. 199-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ABBOS-peptide from bovine serum albumin (BSA) in cow’s milk has been suggested to initiate the autoimmune process against the β-cells leading to type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to elucidate if the ABBOS-peptide is a possible trigger of type 1 diabetes. The cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ were determined at the level of transcription as mRNA in lymphocytes, stimulated with the ABBOS-peptide. Sixteen children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were compared with 10 healthy controls matched for the diabetes associated HLA-type DR3/4. Antibodies to bovine serum albumin (BSA), insulin antibodies (IA), and antibodies against islet cells (ICA) were determined, as well as serum C-peptide. Increased mRNA expression for IFN-γ and/or IL-4 could be observed in lymphocytes from 13/16 children with recent onset of diabetes after in vitro stimulation with the ABBOS-peptide. Low expression of IFN-γ mRNA was associated with high secretion of C-peptide, whereas a positive relationship could be observed between expression of IL-4 mRNA and insulin antibodies. Expression of IFN-γ and/or IL-4 mRNA was also detected in lymphocytes from 6/10 healthy controls. ABBOS may have a role as a reactive epitope in the upregulation of the autoimmune process against the β-cells but ABBOS does not seem to cause any specific Th1 response. An increased mRNA expression could also be seen in lymphocytes from healthy controls. Thus, the ABBOS-peptide might just cause or reflect an unspecific immune activity.
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- Saduaskaite-Kühne, Vaiva, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Severity at onset of childhood type 1 diabetes in countries with high and low incidence of the condition
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 55:3, s. 247-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severity of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) at presentation was compared between south-east Sweden and Lithuania where incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes is three times lower than in Sweden. New cases of diabetes at age 0–15 years from August 1995 to March 1999 in south-east Sweden and from August 1996 to August 2000 in Lithuania were included. Symptoms and clinical characteristics at diagnosis were recorded. Data about the close environment were collected using questionnaires. Lithuanian children were diagnosed in a more severe condition, mean pH 7.30 and HbA1c 11.5% compared with mean pH 7.36 and HbA1c 9.7% in Swedish children (P<0.0001). More Lithuanian than Swedish children were diagnosed in ketoacidosis (pH≤7.2, hyperglycaemia and ketonuria), 21.3 versus 7.3% (P<0.0001). Only 4.6% of Swedish children and 1.0% of Lithuanian children had no symptoms (P=0.007). Children in families with at least one first degree relative with diabetes (12.2% in Sweden and 8.4% in Lithuania, NS) had laboratory values at diagnosis closer to normal than sporadic cases in either country. Factors predicting ketoacidosis in Sweden were an unemployed mother and absence of infections in the 6 months before diagnosis. In Lithuania it was younger age and mother with less education. Additional educational activities for doctors are needed in countries with low incidence to reduce prevalence of ketoacidosis at onset.
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- Samuelsson, Ulf, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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A fourfold difference in the incidence of type 1 diabetes between Sweden and Lithuania but similar prevalence of autoimmunity
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 66:2, s. 173-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether other autoimmune disorders in addition to type 1 diabetes are more common in Sweden than Lithuania, and if there are any differences in inheritance patterns of both type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune disorders.Data from 517 children in southeast Sweden and 286 children in Lithuania aged 0–15 years were included in the study. Age- and sex-matched control children were randomly selected. Information was collected by questionnaire.Of the children with diabetes in Sweden, 13.2% had a family member with type 1 diabetes compared to 7% of children with diabetes in Lithuania (P<0.01) (OR=2.01). No such difference was seen for other autoimmune diseases in family members of children with diabetes (Sweden 12%, Lithuania 14%, n.s.). Control children in Lithuania had family members with autoimmunity more frequently (15.3%) than control children in Sweden (7.4%, P<0.001) (OR=2.26). This difference was most pronounced in mothers. The Lithuanian control children had an autoimmune disease more frequently than the controls in Sweden (4.7% versus 1.5%, respectively, P<0.001) (OR=3.21).There seem to be environmental factors that specifically contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes, factors which are less related to the development of autoimmunity in general.
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- Anwaar, I., et al.
(författare)
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Increased plasma endothelin-1 and intraplatelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate in men with disturbed glucose metabolism
- 2000
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - 0168-8227. ; 50:2, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma endothelin-1, the nitric oxide (NO) mediator intraplatelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the prostacyclin mediator cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the macrophage derived inflammatory mediator plasma neopterin were measured in men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 91), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 51), previously abnormal glucose tolerance (PAGT; n = 20), and 34 healthy control men. Plasma endothelin-1 was higher in men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus than in controls [4.1 (1.0-14.3) vs. 2.1 (0.2-8.7) ng/l; P < 0.001). Intraplatelet cGMP was higher in men with PAGT [0.84 (0.57-2.76) pmol/109 platelets; P < 0.05], IGT [0.85 (0.48-3.53); P < 0.001] and Type 2 diabetes mellitus [0.90 (0.47-3.86); P < 0.001] than in controls [0.70 (0.42-1.70]. No differences existed between groups concerning intraplatelet cAMP or plasma neopterin. Plasma endothelin-1 correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.33; P < 0.001) and HbA1(c) (r = 0.29; P < 0.001). In conclusion, elevated plasma endothelin-1 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship to glucose and HbA1(c) suggest a putative role for endothelin-1 in diabetic endothelial cell damage. Increased cGMP indicating enhanced production/activity of NO suggests that factors other than reduced NO activity contribute to enhanced platelet aggregation in diabetes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
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