| 1. |
- Adam, Achamyeleh Gashu
(författare)
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Informal settlements in the peri-urban areas of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia : An institutional analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975 .- 1873-5428. ; 43, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peri-urban land which has been used predominantly for agricultural purposes and held by local farmers is a target area for informal settlements in Ethiopia. An increasing number of people try to solve their housing needs by getting a plot of land informally in the transitional peri-urban areas. The purpose of this study is to explore the principal actors involved in the informal conversion of peri-urban agricultural land into urban built-up property. This study is also aimed at demonstrating the role of non-state institutions in facilitating informal acquisition and development of peri-urban plots. Both questionnaire and document analysis were the main sources of data for this study. The result of this study indicated that traditional social institutions played a significant role in processing peri-urban informal settlements and stabilizing land related conflicts by social sanction measures. The study has also found out that the process of acquiring a plot of land from peri-urban areas passes through its own stages which mainly start with identifying a plot for sale and ends with the confirmation of traditional letter of agreement signed by transacting parties without legal ground to do so.
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| 2. |
- Cadstedt, Jenny
(författare)
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Private rental housing in Tanzania : a private matter?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier. - 0197-3975 .- 1873-5428. ; 34:1, s. 46-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Secure tenure, the citizenship rights of slum dwellers, and community participation are key words in the international discourse on housing policy. This paper reports the results from a study of private rental housing and tenants in unplanned settlements in Mwanza City, Tanzania. It examines the tenants' position in Tanzanian housing policy discourse, considers government housing policy and private rental tenure practices, and explores how the discussion about secure tenure in urban areas is focused on the formalisation of land. In 2005, rental legislation was changed in Tanzania because it was thought to be overly protective of tenants. Since then, tenants in rental housing have been ignored in the national policy discourse, despite the quantitative importance of rental housing in metropolitan Tanzania. The government has concluded that home ownership is the norm in Tanzania, and it regards private rental tenure as a private matter. It does not monitor conditions in the private rental market. In this paper, I suggest that the urban housing situation in Tanzania will not improve until the government acknowledges private rental tenure, views the tenants as urban citizens, and then attends to their needs and interests. One way to start this process is to educate landlords and tenants about their rights and obligations under housing contracts. This would help to reduce the number of conflicts in rental housing and bring about a more secure tenure situation for many residents.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Hongling, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of sustainable urban development approaches in China
- 2014
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975 .- 1873-5428. ; 41, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China already has more numerous and larger cities than ever before. If the current trend holds, by 2025 it will have a predicted 1 billion of urban population and 8 megacities, each containing 10 million residents or more. China is facing enormous challenges when it comes to balancing rapid economic development with social development, sustainable use of resources and environmental protection in its fast-growing urban areas. Of the 10 most polluted cities in the world, 7 are in China. To meet these challenges, China has become a vast living laboratory for experiments on sustainable urban development. This paper reviews the use and development of city concepts and approaches regarding sustainable urban development in China. The large number of different concepts used appears to be partly due to institutional reasons and partly because they involve gradual changes in national policies. However, the data indicate that the concepts are generally becoming more comprehensive in relation to sustainable development, including social and heritage aspects. The most common barrier to the development of sustainable cities in China is still lack of clear visions, targets and indicators for sustainable development. More holistic approaches are needed for integrated urban planning, such as that used in Tangshan Bay Eco-city, a joint project between Sweden and China. This paper proposes the use of metabolic thinking and eco-cycle models derived from the discipline of Industrial Ecology to support urban planners in developing more sustainable and resource-efficient urban pathways. This will require closer cooperation between academics and practitioners and better monitoring of projects. Finally, it will be important to identify ways to scale up successful interventions in the urban area, rather than just moving from one innovative pilot project to the next.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahlström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Improved accessibility modeling and its relation to poverty - A case study in Southern Sri Lanka
- 2011
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 35:2, s. 316-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have found close relationships between accessibility and various socio-economic indicators. Yet, since accessibility tends to have differentiated effects, both socially and spatially, there is a need for a model which allows for a disaggregated analysis of accessibility. The model should be possible to use in areas where road network data is incomplete. In this paper such an accessibility model is developed, using a raster-based approach in a Geographical Information System (GIS). One important factor in accessibility modeling is to estimate the traveling speed on different landscape entities. This paper develops a method where local knowledge and physical geographical data are integrated in the GIS model. From the interview data the best door-to-door traveling speeds of three road classes were estimated. The results from these calculations have been used as frictions for a cost surface. The analysis shows strong relationships between poverty indicators and estimated spatial accessibility, stronger than the commonly used accessibility measure of Euclidian distance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Sjöstedt, Martin, 1977
(författare)
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The impact of secure land tenure on water access levels in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Botswana and Zambia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 35:1, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The argument developed and tested in this paper contends that the lack of success in past decades when it comes to increasing water coverage levels – particularly in sub-Saharan Africa – is attributable to the institutional arrangements under which land is managed. In short, the starting point is that if water coverage levels are to increase, some form of investment in land, housing, water infrastructure, or wells needs to be undertaken – primarily by citizens themselves. However, in order for such investments to take place, citizens need some certainty that they will reap the rewards from their investments. This certainty is suggested to result from property rights to land, i.e., land tenure. This argument is tested through a mixed methodological approach including quantitative analysis and a comparative review of land policies of the two contrasting cases of Botswana and Zambia.
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| 7. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The travel of global ideas of waste management. The case of Managua and its informal settlements
- 2014
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - Göteborg : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 41:January 2014, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informal settlements in the global South cities are often neglected by formal solid waste collection services. In the city of Managua, the municipality and international and local NGOs recently imple- mented several waste management projects to provide waste collection in informal settlements. These projects supported or created cooperatives or microenterprises of waste pickers collecting household solid waste in barrios inaccessible to modern waste trucks. The projects also created three waste transfer stations, on barrio fringes, where the collected waste could be disposed and transported by municipal truck to the municipal landfill. New institutionalism theory and the “travel metaphor” illuminate how the “waste transfer station” idea travelled to Managua from various international organizations. New urban infrastructure and waste management models introduced by donors were decoupled from existing waste management models and practices. Despite the organizational hypocrisy of the city administra- tion, introducing this new model via pilot projects in three city districts challenges the logic of the existing centralized waste management system, which ignores the city’s informal settlements. The introduced waste transfer stations and associated waste collection practices were translated, and sometimes contested, in some informal settlements through protests, occupations, and other defiance strategies enacted by municipal waste collectors, squatters, and residents.
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