| 1. |
- Elander, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Locality research and comparative analysis : the case of local housing policy in Sweden
- 1991
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 23:2, s. 179-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is described to trace 'locality', or spatial variation in policy, through comparative analysis. It is argued that the problem of structure versus agency can never be solved once and for all by philosophical arguments, but always has to be rephrased into empirically manageable terms. This is possible through use of the 'most similar' approach of comparative anaysis. When external structural determinants of policy are kept under control, local variations can be traced back to locally specific determinants. These determinants must be examined in depth through case studies. This also paves the way for empirically based counterfactual reasoning. Thus, the extent to which local actors are not just forced by structural determinants to act in a certain way can be estimated. The general approach is illustrated by reference to a case study of local housing policies in Sweden. Some critical questions are raised. One must not forget that structures and actors, whether national or local, are inseperably bound up with processes, and that 'structures' are always just crystallised results of human action.
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| 2. |
- Jörnsten, Kurt O., et al.
(författare)
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An entropy model with variable target
- 1990
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 22:4, s. 493-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an entropy model with variable target is presented, in which target values are assumed to belong to a specified convex set, so that multiple base-year information and forecasts of future trends can be handled without prior aggregation of such information into one fixed target.Three solution methods for such a model are presented -- one cutting-plane and two search methods -- all of which utilize the fact that entropy models with fixed targets can be solved efficiently. Some comments on potential applications and reasonable target-set specifications are made and numerical examples are presented
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| 3. |
- Puu, Tönu, 1936-
(författare)
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Hotelling's migration model revisited
- 1991
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 23:8, s. 1209-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present article Hotelling's model of population growth and migration of 1921 is 'revisited'. After a discussion of the stationary solutions and their stability the main point is made. The model itself is structurally unstable, but can be easily stabilized by adding a simple autonomous migration component. By this, the solution curves, in the shape of constant amplitude population waves over space for the original model, either become damped in one direction and explosive in another or are replaced by just one single spatial limit cycle.
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