| 1. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
An updated glossary of terms and basic characteristics of growing media
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1377, s. 925-934
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the research community of growing media, there is an increasing confusion related to inappropriate use of terms, and to a lack of description of minimal chemical, physical, biological characteristics of growing media and their components for adequate data interpretation in scientific publications. A survey was conducted between the summer of 2019 and the autumn of 2020 among growing media scientists worldwide to help addressing these two issues and published later as a basic framework (Caron and Zheng, 2021). In 2022, a workshop was organized to update terms and definitions and report further progress with respect to terms and basic characteristics. This paper summarizes the improvement of the glossary suggested by Caron and Zheng (2021).
|
|
| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Concept based mapping as a tool to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research on growing media and hydroponics
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 163-174
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cascading use of valorized constituents from societal side-streams in growing media (GM), but also the reuse of growing media, has brought increased attention to their biological properties and processes. These processes are complex, dynamic and interconnected. They are a result of the origin and treatment in previous steps of the cascading use as well as in the re-use. Furthermore, they are affected by physical and chemical characteristics in the GM and in the environment that they are exposed to. Thus, the complexity of factors and events shapes the outcome of research studies as well as product development and the manner how such outcome may be interpreted and how manufacturing processes and product quality can be standardized. In addition, the recent development of high-throughput methods for culture independent description of microbial community composition, gathering a copious volume of data, increases the level of complexity even more. To draw clear-cut conclusions on biological characteristics, processes and dynamics in GM, this complex picture needs to be disentangled, a process that already has to be in place at the early step of the study, process or product design. Based on three examples, we describe the power of conceptbased mapping to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research and product development of GM and hydroponics and show its potential for big data analysis and modeling.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
GREENRESILIENT – Applying agroecology to organic greenhouse production
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1296, s. 1099-1105
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some organic greenhouse production systems are very intensive with potentially negative effects on the public trust on organic products as a whole. In this context, the year-round production of high quality and tasty vegetables in unheated and low-energy greenhouses or polytunnels, using resilient, sustainable and local systems, is a challenge, especially in areas with long winters and low light, low temperature conditions. The CORE Organic Cofund transnational project titled “Organic and biodynamic vegetable production in low-energy GREENhouses – sustainable, RESILIENT and innovative food production systems” (GREENRESILIENT) has taken up the challenge and aims to demonstrate that an agroecological approach to greenhouse production is feasible and allows the establishment of robust agroecosystems in different European areas. The use of agroecological practices in organic greenhouse production systems is an innovative approach and a team of scientists with multidisciplinary competences (agronomy, agroecology, soil chemistry, entomology, plant pathology, weed science, life cycle analysis) from 12 research centres in eight European countries are involved. Research activities are carried out in five experimental sites (two in Mediterranean countries and three in central and northern countries), comparing innovative systems in unheated or frost protected conditions to a standard organic system specific for each experimental site. Results obtained will be used for actors’ involvement (farmers, consumers and policy makers) and sustainability assessment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Integrated greenhouse production in new light: prospects on improved LED-assisted biocontrol of foliar diseases
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 293-296
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Horticultural greenhouse production in circumpolar regions (>60°N latitude) is dependent of artificial assimilation lighting, which is a common tool to improve plant performance and consequently profitability of ornamental crops and to secure production of greenhouse vegetables and berries all year round. The anticipated light technology shift in the greenhouse industry not only affects crop growth and development but also quality of the produce. It also influences the interactions with the associated microbiota, i.e., community structure and function as well as establishment, dispersal, survival and propagation of microbial pathogens and biocontrol agents. We present a novel ecological theory and principle based approach for integrated production of greenhouse crops, using improved LED-assisted biocontrol of foliar diseases.
|
|
| 5. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
New challenges for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 1079-1084
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish consumers buy increasing amounts of organic food. Also, the Swedish Government aspires to increase food sovereignty and volume of organic food stuff in public meals from 36 (2017) to 60% in 2030. There is a substantial mismatch between demand and the production of organic vegetables. Today, 4.9% of the total greenhouse area in Sweden is used for organic production. The majority of organic production of greenhouse vegetables in Sweden is performed in containers and confined beds. The approval of the revised European regulation for organic farming in 2018 reinforces production in natural soil, leads to dramatic changes for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden. Confined beds need to be phased out. Cultivation methods that conserve or increase organic matter in the soil should be used. Thus, soil bound systems using crop rotations and soil fertility maintaining activities need to be implemented. This corroborates with increased burden of soil borne diseases and lower yields. Such systems, well established in southern Europe, cannot be translated to northern European conditions, due to constraints in climate and day length, as well as constraints due to greenhouse construction (permanent construction). This presentation displays the challenges and consequences to meet the changed legislation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
The search for alternative growing media constituents fuels the need for terms and definitions for biological characteristics of growing media and gold standard methods
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1377, s. 935-939
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing media are commonly evaluated with respect to their physical and chemical properties and some standard methods were established during the 1990s (CEN methods). Biological characterization of growing media has not received the same attention over the years. Currently, there is a search for alternative growing media constituents to replace peat. A cascading use of valorized material from societal side streams is considered. This development engages expertise from various disciplines who often neither own a common terminology for biological factors and processes in growing media, nor a common set of methods to describe them. This hampers the comparability between various studies as well as properties and qualities of different products. This opinion note highlights factors to be considered for biological characterization of growing media and sets up a disposition for the establishment of a common terminology.
|
|
| 7. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
The two sides of the coin: sustainability and controlled environment horticulture
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 427-438
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability, although already outlined in the late 1980s, has evolved into a game changer in the discourse of production systems. This review puts a finger on the pulse of horticultural research with respect to i) the 17 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) and identifies areas (targets) directly or indirectly providing benefits and trade-offs based on scrutiny of 169 targets and to ii) grouping outputs of a systematic literature search with respect to basic sustainability and resilience criteria. Direct and indirect benefits of the SDGs to horticulture were identified within SDG 2 (Zero hunger), 3 (Health and wellbeing), 4 (Quality education), 6 (Clean water and sanitation), 7 (Clean energy) and 9 (Innovation, infrastructure and industry), whereas SDGs that benefit from horticulture within the SDGs 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 (Responsible consumption and production) and 13 (Climate action). 104 publications were extracted and 53 of these were found eligible for the systematic literature analysis based on the criteria for exclusion and inclusion. Few publications considered the concept of resilience, in terms of absorbance, recovery and adaptation to disturbances. Meanwhile, the majority of publications focused on sustainability, but rather referred to the term than integrated sustainability as a concept. Studies involving life cycle analysis highlight the strong energy dependence of high-tech horticulture, underlining the interactivities with SDG7. Fine-tuning of input means and measures were prioritized to the detriment of holistic approaches. The shift in the global challenges framework requests a shift in perspective of horticulture research. To holistically focus on the food system-horticulture-SDG link, an agenda for research on high-tech horticulture was established. Current pandemic and geopolitical disturbances urge for a stronger engagement of resilience research in horticulture.
|
|
| 8. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Circularity in practice: reusing restaurant waste for in-house vegetable production
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 281-286
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of biogas is a common way to handle organic waste products and it provides not only energy but also an anaerobic digestate (AD) rich in plant nutrients. In order to create a close loop between food consumption and vegetable production this project was undertaken to see if food waste from a restaurant, could be used to produce a liquid fertilizer for lettuce production to the same restaurant. Growth experiments in a hydroponic set up were made with nitrified AD. The AD was tested as a hydroponic fertilizer at two dilution levels. In one trial the solution was also amended with mineral nutrients and all the trials were compared to a mineral nutrient control. Results indicate that it is possible to use the digestate as a fertilizer for lettuce, and that amendment with certain mineral nutrients enhances the growth. Plant concentrations of Na and Cl indicates that there might be a problem with toxicity but it was not clarified by these experiments.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
End-of-day treatments as a way of controlling growth in ornamental pot plants
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1296, s. 287-292
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the introduction of light emitting diode (LED) technology for greenhouse lighting, the possibility to apply narrow band light becomes available to the grower. With narrow band light, it is possible to target the different photoreceptors of the plant, and thus control plant growth and development. Applying a brief period of narrowband light at the end of the photoperiod (end-of-day lighting) has been suggested as a way to control growth with a low total input of electric energy. Controlling stem elongation is an important part of greenhouse horticulture, especially for ornamental crops but also for vegetable transplants. Chemical plant growth regulators are efficient and widely used for this purpose, but questioned from an environmental point of view and not compatible with organic practices. In a series of experiments, end-of-day treatments with different wavebands were applied to poinsettia plants in order to evaluate the concept and to establish the most suitable wavelength. Red (660 nm), green (525 nm), and white (continuous spectrum) LED lights were evaluated. End-ofday light was applied for one hour after the main photoperiod, at an intensity of 10 µmol m-2 s-1. A treatment without end-of-day light was used as the control treatment. The results displayed significant differences among treatments.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods for measuring nutrient mineralization in growing media with organic fertilizers incorporated
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 87-92
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of organic nutrient sources is mandatory when producing plants according to organic standards. As the nutrient release from organic fertilizers is depending on microbial processes, they are in turn affected by factors such as moisture content, temperature, and pH. This makes mineralization hard to control and predict, and lacking synchronization between mineralization and crop demand is a major problem when using organic fertilizers (Bi et al., 2010; Burnett et al., 2016; Rosen and Allan, 2007) affecting crop productivity and potentially leading to decreased nutrient use efficiency and leaching. This fact invokes the need for analytical methods offering possibilities to predict nutrient availability during the crop cycle. However, as of today, there is a lack in standardized methods for characterization of nutrient release patterns from organic fertilizers. Also methods for analysis of horticultural growing media are not internationally standardized (Baumgarten, 2005), although incubation methods for N analysis have been suggested (Thorup-Kristensen, 1994). There are numerous different extraction methods for analysis of growing media which will provide fundamentally different values. Also for plant analysis, a number of different methods such as total analysis, plant sap analysis, and non-invasive optic methods are applied to scrutinize plant nutrient status. In the this paper, an attempt was made to track nutrient uptake from organically bound, to plant available in the peat-based growing medium, to uptake in the plant using different analysis methods. The overall objective was to develop a protocol to assess nutrient release from organic fertilizers.
|
|
| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Larisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Resistance to Neonectria ditissima in apple : insights from metabolomics and lipidomics analyses
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Xxxi international horticultural congress (ihc2022). - : International Society for Horticultural Science. - 9789462613614 ; , s. 329-335, s. 329-336
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- European canker, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Neonectria ditissima, is the most serious disease in apple production in Sweden. The disease is favored by a relatively cool and rainy climate. The canker damages have a significant economic impact due to reduced bearing surface and increased orchard management costs. The possibilities for chemical and biological control are very limited. Therefore, directed breeding for new resistant cultivars is urgently needed. Knowledge of inheritance of canker resistance and understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in resistant and susceptible responses to fungal attacks would facilitate breeding. In this study, we evaluated the tempo-spatial differences in plant-pathogen interactions in a set of partially resistant and susceptible cultivars by conducting metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. The major trends in metabolomics and lipidomic profiles were common among cultivars, irrespective of the degree of susceptibility. Several metabolites and lipids varied with time point and cultivar under N. ditissima infection. Putative key metabolites such as suberic acid and jasmonic acid were upregulated in all cultivars upon infection. Additionally, several lipids exhibited changes 30 to 45 days post-inoculation. Thus, the approach used seems to have resulted in a rich data set to be further analyzed in light of ongoing QTL-mapping efforts.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hellström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Artificial light quality changes colonization ability of biocontrol agents under greenhouse conditions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 299-306
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated pest control measures are important in order to cope with fungal foliar pathogens in greenhouse settings. Biocontrol agents (BCA) play an important role in this context, but disease control results obtained in laboratory experiments cannot always be repeated in larger greenhouse settings. Impaired dispersal and establishment of BCAs on leaves and sites of action may be among the causes for failing efficacy. We studied the role of basic mechanisms for BCAs’ efficacy under greenhouse conditions, namely dispersal and establishment. In the first experiment three BCAs from three commercial products were applied by foliar spray to greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and begonias (Begonia × hiemalis). Leaves were harvested according to a pre-determined time schedule and the viable BCA cells were quantified by plate count. In the second experiment tomatoes were sprayed and exposed to an array of wavelengths (full spectrum, 420, 530 and 660 nm) and followed during 48 h post inoculation (hpi). We found that the BCAs lifestyle choices varied depending on light quality and target crop. These appear to be decisive parameters for BCA dispersal and establishment on leaves.
|
|
| 13. |
- Khalil, Samar, et al.
(författare)
-
Disease suppression in the circular economy using spent mushroom compost
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1377, s. 755-760
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has gained increased attention as an alternative protein source to meat and for its beneficial nutritional and medicinal properties. However, after the harvest of edible products, mushroom cultivation generates huge amounts of used compost, known as spent mushroom compost (SMC). In Europe, more than three million tons of SMC are produced every year. Thus, the management of SMC has become an important environmental issue. Sustainable solutions are also required to replace peat as a growth medium, synthetic fertilisers and chemical plant protection products in primary food production. In this context, SMC could be utilized as a growth medium, bio-fertiliser, bioremediation material and tool to control plant diseases. This study investigates whether SMC in either a solid or water phase can suppress root diseases in horticultural production systems. The suppressive potential of SMC in a solid phase was evaluated toward the root pathogen Phytophthora cactorum (PC) in tunnel-grown strawberry plants. SMC was mixed with peat and evaluated with or without the presence of PC. The suppressive effect of SMC toward the root pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum (PA) was evaluated in dill using a SMC water extract and plants cultivated in a substrate naturally infected with PA or healthy substrate artificially infected with PA. The results indicated that disease symptoms of dill roots were less severe in peat: SMC proportions of 50%: 50% compared to 70%:30%. Moreover, disease symptoms were lowest in the naturally infected substrate treated with SMC water extract. Treatment with the SMC extract also reduced disease symptoms in the healthy substrate artificially infected with PA.
|
|
| 14. |
- Kleman, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
-
Simple quality prediction measurements for stored onions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 183-186
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Onion (Allium cepa) is an important crop that is cultivated and consumed all over the world. It is the second most produced horticultural vegetable crop (after tomato) based on weight. In order to be available year-round in Sweden, onions must be stored for several months during the cold part of the year, when no fresh onions can be harvested. However, dormancy break resulting in early sprouting is a common quality problem during storage. Before visible sprouting, changes in the bulb chemical composition takes place, including relocation of oligosaccharides and breakdown of larger sugar molecules into smaller units that are then used as energy during the sprouting process. In this project we used a hand-held reflectometer to measure levels of mono- and disaccharides and calcium in onion bulbs that had been stored for different time periods in order to evaluate the usefulness of the method for quality control. Measured contents of glucose and calcium changed significantly during storage while sucrose content remained relatively unchanged.
|
|
| 15. |
- Martin, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating expectations and controversies for urbanvertical farming
- 2022
-
Ingår i: XXXI International Horticultural Congress, Ihc2022. - : International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). ; 1356, s. 17-24
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the expansion of vertical farming systems worldwide, many claims of the benefits of these systems are being used in media and by VF producers. Despite this, there is little support in the literature, with few studies assessing the sustainability, potential, and viability of these systems. This has caused a number of expectations and controversies to develop in society directed toward the vertical farming sector. This study analyzes the discourse and narratives being created around these systems in Sweden. We use a document analysis and study the discourse and narratives using Nvivo, with a large share of the material employed from national and regional newspapers published, in addition to webpages and press releases from vertical farms in Sweden. We found a number of emerging themes from different stakeholders. These include those related to the overall positive aspects of vertical farming, such as the contribution to resilience and self-sufficiency, resource efficiency, comparisons to conventional farming practices, and many studies on the future potential and directions these can take (e.g., expanding beyond leafy greens and herbs). There are also a number of studies that outline criticism of vertical farms based on their economic performance and viability, limited capacity, and resource intensity. As such, narratives on the technological advances, resilience, investment, and challenges of vertical farming are widespread. The results are important as they highlight the divergence in the narratives used and the evidence provided in the scientific literature, which can aid in developing new approaches and methods to validate claims and ensure these systems are both sustainable and viable.
|
|
| 16. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Taste of Swedish vegetables - searching for a sensory vocabulary
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1353, s. 97-100
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taste has been a low prioritized quality aspect of vegetables for a long time. Primary emphasis has been on visual properties and storage potential. Despite its importance to consumers, the flavour aspect of quality is commonly overlooked. There is a lack of consensus vocabulary to communicate flavour quality within the supply chain as well as to consumers. A sensory language for fruits and vegetables could be a helpful tool to describe flavour variations. By identifying variations in flavour, the chance to attain customer satisfaction as well as contribute to a consensus within the supply chain may be increased. The main objectives of this pilot project was to examine the flavour and aroma characteristics of cultivars of carrot, cabbage and onion. Secondly, we have investigated whether consensus can be obtained by a sensory panel with limited training, on the characteristics of the chosen vegetables. Achieving consensus indicates that the perceptions by the panel could act as a guidance of the sensory descriptions. The samples were cooked using sous vide technique, which is commonly used in restaurant kitchens. The results show significant variations in characteristics such as sweetness, nuttiness, perfuminess and fruitiness in cultivars of carrot and within bitterness, freshness, fruitiness in the cultivars of cabbage. Between onion cultivars prominent variations appeared within the characteristics of sweetness, bitterness, freshness, pungency, sulfurous flavour and aftertaste. The common perceptions by the panel on the sensory attributes implies that there is a potential for developing a sensory vocabulary for these vegetables.
|
|
| 17. |
- Naznin, Most Tahera, et al.
(författare)
-
Different ratios of red and blue LEDs enhance Romaine lettuce production and antioxidant capacity in urban controlled environment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1337, s. 137-141
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light is an important factor for plant growth especially in controlled environment. Different wavelengths initiate morphological and biochemical changes in plants. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different LEDs on the vegetative growth and antioxidant capacity in lettuce and to compare the responses with fluorescent light (FL). Four treatments were tested: FL (white fluorescent light), 100% red LEDs, 19:1 and 10:1 red (R) to blue (B) LEDs. Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were cultured with FL and the different LEDs in growth chambers with a temperature of 25 +/- 2.5 degrees C, ambient CO2, and a 16 h light, 8 h dark photoperiod for five weeks. Lettuce plants grown under the various ratios of R and B LEDs showed increased leaf number, fresh mass, dry mass and antioxidant capacity compared to pure R (100%) and FL. Significantly higher antioxidant accumulation was observed in plants cultivated under 10:1 R to B ratio LEDs compared to 100% R and FL. The lowest biomass (fresh mass and dry mass) and antioxidant accumulation were observed in 100% R LED. This research will enhance knowledge for selecting the appropriate LEDs for antioxidant rich crop production.
|
|
| 18. |
- Naznin, Most Tahera, et al.
(författare)
-
Sulfur fertilization enhances ajoene accumulation in hydroponically grown garlic
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1273, s. 217-221
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ajoene is a sulfur-containing compound in garlic, which accounts for pharmaceutical quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sulfur supply on the ajoene content of garlic and to evaluate the significance for crop quality. Garlic plants were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber under artificial lighting for two months at air temperature of 25/21°C (light/dark), relative humidity of 75/90% (light/dark), a photosynthetic photon flux density of 450 μmol m-2 s-1, and a photoperiod of 12 h d-1. Sulfur was supplied as K2SO4 at 2.1, 4.1 and 8.2 mg L-1. No K2SO4 was added to the control treatment. The fresh and dry biomass, as well as ajoene content was determined after harvest. The significantly lowest ajoene content was observed in the control treatment as compared to sulfur treatments. The present study showed that sulfur fertilization could be useful to improve phytomedicinal components in garlic plants.
|
|
| 19. |
- Nybom, Hilde
(författare)
-
Association between blue mold resistance and qPCR-based molecular markers in apple
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 277–283-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apple cultivars vary in their susceptibility to Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold, which is one of the most devastating storage diseases in this crop. The genetic background to susceptibility/resistance has not yet been fully clarified, but significant associations have been detected between 1) the size of lesions caused by blue mold after artificial inoculation of harvested fruit, and 2) various fruit texture-related traits (e.g., fruit firmness at harvest and rate of fruit softening during storage) as well as 3) fruit biochemical contents (e.g., polyphenols). In the present study, 82 apple cultivars were phenotyped for fruit firmness, fruit softening rate and size of blue mold lesions after wound inoculation of newly harvested fruit with P. expansum spores. These cultivars were screened using 15 qPCR-based molecular markers targeting loci linked to fruit texture and chemical composition on apple linkage groups (LG) 10 and 16. The results revealed significant phenotype-genotype associations between two loci on LG 16 (ss475881696 and ss475882555) and lesion decay (p=0.047 and 0.037, respectively). In addition, a non-significant relationship (p=0.08) between softening rate and two fruit acidity-related loci on LG 16, ss475876558 and Ma1-SNP1455, was indicated. These results will be useful in further investigations of key genes for blue mold resistance, and for developing markers that can be applied in apple breeding programs.
|
|
| 20. |
- Nybom, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
-
Growing English and French cider apple cultivars in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 9–14-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of alcoholic apple cider has a long tradition in especially England, France and Spain. The designated cider apple cultivars grown in these countries are closely related to dessert apples but have a higher content of phenols, with procyanidins (tannins) and possibly other phenolic compounds providing the distinct cider aroma. A recently planted observation trial, together with data collected in a commercial orchard, have provided valuable information on the feasibility of growing English and French cider apple cultivars in southern Sweden. Chemical contents (sugar, acid and phenols) were determined in fruit juice of 21 cider apple cultivars in 2016 and 2017. In spite of the delayed fruit ripening in Sweden, contents were on the whole quite similar to what has been reported previously for the same cultivars in their countries of origin. Large-scale cider production may necessitate storage of the harvested fruit for some weeks or months before juicing, and thus tolerance to storage rots is highly desirable. Despite their higher phenolics content, cider apple cultivars were somewhat more susceptible to blue mold (Penicillium exansum) than dessert cultivars, as determined in fruit inoculation experiments.
|
|
| 21. |
- Nybom, Hilde
(författare)
-
Ten years of VINQUEST; first findings
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 315-320
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is a major disease worldwide. To control this disease, up to 20-25 fungicide applications may be needed depending on the year and the production system. Cultivation of scab-resistant apple cultivars would reduce the chemical footprint of apple production. Breeding for durable scab resistance is an objective of most apple breeding programmes. One way to achieve durable resistance is to pyramid multiple apple scab resistance genes in a cultivar. Currently, more than 18 different apple scab resistance genes have been reported. Molecular markers are available for most of these and can be used to select seedlings carrying multiple resistance genes. Apple scab isolates are virulent to specific apple scab resistance genes. Choice of optimal resistance genes for use in a breeding program, should therefore take regional presence of these apple scab isolates into consideration. In order to learn more about the geographical distribution of apple scab isolates, the VINQUEST project (www.vinquest.ch) was initiated in 2009. Ten years after the launch of this initiative, 24 partners from 14 countries are regularly contributing data. Results obtained from the data collected during the first 10 years provide the first insights into which apple scab resistance genes may hold most promise for breeding cultivars with durable resistance.
|
|
| 22. |
- Rosberg, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Crop rotations in organic greenhouse production - effects of increased crop diversity on the soil microbiome
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1355, s. 47-53
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil health and biodiversity are fundamental features for both organic production systems and of an agroecological approach. Crop rotations and soil fertility management are important for nutrient flows, soil health, and economic sustainability, but little information for the incorporation of crop rotations in organic greenhouse production is available. Within the project GreenResilient (Core Organic Co-fund), and a project based in Sweden (Ekhaga Foundation) the issue of crop rotations have been investigated in a total of six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland) with crop choices designed according to the local climatic preconditions. Choice of crops is crucial in terms of soil and crop health, and can either increase or decrease the presence of soil borne pathogens and thereby make the production system vulnerable or resilient. Soil microbial activity and diversity were analyzed using fluorescein diacetate activity (FDA) and metagenomic analysis (Illumina MiSeq) of fungi (ITS) and bacteria (16S) at key events of the different crop rotations. Soil bacterial and fungal alpha diversity varied between the different sampling incidents with respect to both species richness and evenness. More complex production systems, where there was an increase in plant diversity, did not necessarily lead to higher microbial diversity. A presence of several types of fungal pathogens were observed in all countries, irrespective of production system, indicating a build-up of pathogens in short crop rotation practices. Microbial activity did not conclusively explain variations in microbial diversity for fungi or bacteria.
|
|
| 23. |
- Sjöstrand, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Storage spoilage in Swedish apple production and novel ways of predicting storability
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1325, s. 7-11
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish apple industry faces many challenges when it comes to storage of apples. Pathogens such as Colleotrichum ssp., Neofabrea ssp., Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum cause substantial losses during storage. Also physiological disorders like soft scald and senescent breakdown contribute to fruit losses. Many of these storage diseases and disorders are aggravated by either a too early or too late harvest time. To estimate optimal harvest time is however difficult and at the moment reliant on destructive maturity tests on a small number of arbitrarily chosen fruits. These tests may therefore not give the full picture of the ripeness across the orchard. To get a better prediction of optimal harvest time, a DA-meter was used in an investigation to compare this non-destructive method with traditional maturity indices. The method has been used in Europe and other parts of the world but optimal values for storage of Swedish apple cultivars are unknown. Storage trials were conducted for two Swedish apple cultivars with the aim of finding the optimal values for harvest. Storage diseases as well as storage disorders were monitored during the trials. For both ‘Aroma’ and ‘Discovery’ there was a higher incidence of storage rot in fruit with lower IAD. Longer storage time was also shown to increase the development of storage rot.
|
|
| 24. |
- Skytte af Sätra, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of autumn senescence in the Swedish Central Collection of heritage apple cultivars
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1384, s. 257-265
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starting in the late 1970s, the use of modern apple cultivars prompted an inventory and collection of old apple cultivars grown in Sweden. This initially led to the establishment of a series of local clonal archives, and later to the establishment of the Swedish Central collection between 2012 and 2016. The collection contains considerable phenotypic variation for traits that could be relevant to future breeding goals of Sweden’s national breeding program, such as climatic adaptation. Recommendations for cultivations of horticultural perennials are based on the classification of Sweden into 9 climatic zones, including the alpine region. The Swedish Central Collection has apple cultivars recommended for cultivation up to zone 6, stretching up to latitude 65 along the coastal regions. Currently, most of the production of dessert apples in Sweden is concentrated around latitude 55, though there are commercial orchards further north. Recently, commercial orchards aiming at cider production have been established as far north as latitude 63. Thus, Swedish commercial apple production is placed at the northern frontier, with special requirements for climatic adaptation. Currently, little is known about which key characters are underlying climatic adaptation but phenological properties are generally important for the adaptation of trees to northern climates. While certain phenological traits such as spring bud break and the onset of flowering have been relatively well studied in apple, autumn phenological traits such as senescence have received relatively little attention. Thus, we have assessed the Swedish Central Collection of apple heritage cultivars for autumn senescence over three years (2019-2021). The timing of onset of senescence and rate of senescence were analysed for year-to-year variation and the impact of temperature, and compared with historical data on hardiness and putative NAC18.1, Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 genotypes.
|
|
| 25. |
- Tahir, Ibrahim
(författare)
-
Effects of stepwise cooling and oxygen level on quality of apple (Malus domestica ‘Summerred’) stored under controlled atmosphere
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1275, s. 377-381
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major part of Norwegian apples is marketed within 3-4 months after harvest. ‘Summerred’ is a popular medium early cultivar in Norway, however, it is known to soften quickly during storage and marketing. Storing apples in low temperature and low oxygen atmosphere will slow down the ripening and the fruit will keep green and firm. Delayed cooling has been reported to reduce susceptibility to develop physiological disorders like scald. The experiment included different strategies in delaying cooling (5 days at 7°C) and allowing the apples to reach 1 kPa oxygen storage after an intermediate period (5 days) at 3 kPa oxygen. The main focus was on changes in firmness, degreening, scald and fruit rots. The apples were stored for 3, 6 or 9 weeks in 1 or 4°C and analyzed for standard fruit quality factors (color, firmness, IAD-index, starch, soluble solids content and titratable acidity) as the samples were removed from low temperature and low oxygen storage and after a week at 20°C in regular atmosphere (shelf life). Physiological disorders and fruit rots were registered. In these experiments the fruit quality changes were greater (poorer quality) in apples kept at 7°C for 5 days before storage at 1 or 4°C compared to apples stored immediately at low temperature. The intermediate storage in 3 kPa oxygen tended to make the apples keep firmer during storage. The stepwise reduction in oxygen content reduced the negative effect of delayed cooling. Delayed cooling slowed the starch degradation. The incidences of soft scald and fruit rots were low, and the effects of delayed cooling and/or delayed low oxygen storage were weak.
|
|
| 26. |
- Welander, Margareta
(författare)
-
Effect of desiccation on somatic embryo regeneration in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultured in vitro
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1285, s. 125-130
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work studied somatic embryo formation, maturation and germination using partial desiccation treatment in either sealed test tubes or Plantform bioreactor vessels for different numbers of days. After desiccation, embryogenic callus was transferred to a regeneration medium for 16 weeks. During the study it was found that embryogenic callus subjected to desiccation in both test tubes and sterile bioreactor significantly increased somatic embryo formation, and germinated, when compared to sealed test tubes. However, a perfuse numbers of somatic embryos with good synchronization were obtained whit the use of the TIS (temporary immersion system) system, containing 500 mL liquid MS medium, 0.1 mg L-1 benzylaminopurine, 0.1 mg L-1 2ip and 0.1 mg L-1 kinetin, and a high level of sucrose (100 g L-1).
|
|
| 27. |
- Welander, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies of rooting ability in the tobacco rac mutant impaired in rooting
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1359, s. 203-208
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rolB gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes has proven to significantly stimulate adventitious rooting in several species. The rac mutant of Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Xanthii’ is impaired in rooting. The objective of the present study was to explore if the rolB gene introduced into rac mutant could restore the rooting ability. Leaves of the rac and wild-type (WT) tobacco shoots were transformed by Agrobacterium strain C58C1 holding the binary vector pCMB-B:GUS harboring nptII, rolB and gus genes was used for transformation. Four transformed lines were obtained expressing the rolB gene. However, the rooting ability was not restored. The rac can only be propagated in vitro due to lack of roots. To obtain seeds from rac for further studies on rooting we grafted rac shoots onto WT seedlings in vitro. The successful grafted plants were then transferred to pots in the greenhouse to obtained seeds by selfing. The grafted plants flowered normally but were weaker with smaller leaves. Fruit setting and seed production were poor in the rac mutans. In vitro rooting showed that the roots from WT seedlings penetrated the seed coat after 3 days. After 6 days elongated roots were covered with root hair. Roots from the grafted rac seeds penetrated seed coat first after 6 days and at day eight root growth ceased. The root tip was swollen and covered with minor root hair. Since it has been shown that the root tip in the rac contains 14 times more auxin than WT we were interested to investigate if the rac was impaired in some PIN genes responsible for lateral auxin transport from the root meristem. We performed Western blot analysis with various PIN antibodies using the protein extracts from petioles and leaves of WT and rac. Both PIN 2 and 3 gave good signals. Next will be immunolocalization of PINs in the root.
|
|
| 28. |
- Zhang, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Light for life : new light solutions for urban plant sites
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Light in Horticulture. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1337, s. 417-434
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the next 30 years, two thirds of the human population will live in a city. This growing urban population requires a major shift in the way we produce and distribute food, since conventional agriculture practices are responsible for climate change, biodiversity losses, pollution of waterways, soil degradation, etc. Urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry represent one of the strategies that can contribute to climate mitigation, adaptation and development. Amongst the urban farming systems, rooftop plant factories may provide part of the solution for vegetable and fruit production in the city, while solving current problems created by existing flat roofs and saving on arable land outside the city. This article presents a study of rooftop greenhouse located on a typical warehouse in Malmö, Sweden (lat. 55.6° N, long. 13.0° E). The goal of the study was to investigate the effect on energy use of building a greenhouse on the roof of an existing warehouse. The study was performed by dynamic energy simulations with the computer program IDA-ICE. The results show that adding the rooftop greenhouse on the warehouse reduces total energy use compared to greenhouse and warehouse as stand-alone structures. Furthermore, the results indicate that the glazing and shading solutions are important aspects determining the energy-efficiency of the integrated system. The energy use for electric lighting is also significantly reduced by the rooftop greenhouse compared to an indoor horizontal farm of similar size illuminated by LED lamps. The main conclusion is that rooftop greenhouses offer a great potential for food production in the city with the additional benefit of reducing overall energy use of host building and greenhouse. Rooftop greenhouses are also more energy-efficient than indoor farms illuminated by LEDs, when considering all energy end-uses (heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation).
|
|
