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- Georgoudaki, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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CD244 is expressed on dendritic cells and regulates their functions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Immunology and Cell Biology. - : Wiley. - 0818-9641 .- 1440-1711. ; 93:6, s. 581-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) receptors have an important role in the development of immune responses because of their roles, for exampe, in NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production by NK, T cells and myeloid cells. The SLAM receptor CD244 (2B4, SLAMf4) is expressed on a variety of immune cell types but most of its functions have been examined on NK and T cells. In the present study, we investigated expression and function of CD244 in murine subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). We report that all subsets of murine DCs examined expressed CD244, although the expression levels of CD244 varied between subsets. Splenic and resident mesenteric lymph node (MLN) DCs from CD244(-/-) mice expressed lower levels of CD86 and MHC class II compared with wild-type mice. Upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, no differences in surface expression of these molecules were observed between DCs from CD244(-/-) and wild-type mice. However, splenic DCs from CD244(-/-) mice upon stimulation with TLR binding ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG produced significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, DCs from CD244(-/-) mice elicited increased NK cell activation in vitro. These data add CD244 to a growing list of immuno-modulatory receptors found on DCs.
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- Skogberg, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Human thymic epithelial primary cells produce exosomes carrying tissue-restricted antigens.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Immunology and cell biology. - : Wiley. - 1440-1711 .- 0818-9641. ; 93, s. 727-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space and have been shown to be present in thymic tissue both in mice and in humans. The source of thymic exosomes is however still an enigma and hence it is not known whether thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are able to produce exosomes. In this work, we have cultured human TECs and isolated exosomes. These exosomes carry tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs), for example, myelin basic protein and desmoglein 3. The presence of TRAs indicates a possible role for thymic epithelium-derived exosomes in the selection process of thymocytes. The key contribution of these exosomes could be to disseminate self-antigens from the thymic epithelia, thus making them more accessible to the pool of maturing thymocytes. This would increase the coverage of TRAs within the thymus, and facilitate the process of positive and negative selection.Immunology and Cell Biology advance online publication, 17 March 2015; doi:10.1038/icb.2015.33.
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- Venuprasad, K, et al.
(författare)
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Multifaceted role of the ubiquitin ligase Itch in immune regulation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Immunology and Cell Biology. - : Wiley. - 1440-1711 .- 0818-9641. ; 93:5, s. 452-460
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HECT-type E3 ligase Itch is increasingly being shown to have a vital role in immune regulation. Itch deficiency leads to deleterious inflammatory disorders both in mice and humans. By adding ubiquitin to the key signaling intermediates, Itch functions as a critical regulator of lymphocyte-cell activation, differentiation and immune tolerance. Also, Itch cooperates with deubiquitinating enzymes such as A20 and Cyld to terminate NF-κB signaling and prevent chronic inflammation. This review summarizes recent advances that highlight Itch's role in lymphocyte function and explores recent insights regarding its role as a regulator of inflammatory signaling.Immunology and Cell Biology advance online publication, 13 January 2015; doi:10.1038/icb.2014.118.
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