| 1. |
- Agustsson, Atli, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of asymmetrical limited hip flexion on seating posture, scoliosis and windswept hip distortion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 71, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Postural asymmetries with seating problems are common in adults with cerebral palsy.Aims: To analyse the prevalence of asymmetrical limited hip flexion (< 90) in adults with CP, and to evaluate the association between asymmetrical limited hip flexion and postural asymmetries in the sitting position.Methods and procedures: Cross-sectional data of 714 adults with CP, 16-73 years, GMFCS level I -V, reported to CPUP, the Swedish cerebral palsy national surveillance program and quality registry, from 2013 to 2015. Hip range of motion was analysed in relation to pelvic obliquity, trunk asymmetry, weight distribution, scoliosis and windswept hip distortion.Outcomes and results: The prevalence of asymmetrical limited hip flexion increased as GMFCS level decreased. Of adults at GMFCS level V, 22% had asymmetrical limited hip flexion (< 90). The odds of having an oblique pelvis (OR 2.6, 95% CI:1.6-2.1), an asymmetrical trunk (OR 2.1, 95% CI:1.1-4.2), scoliosis (OR 3.7, 95% CI:1.3-9.7), and windswept hip distortion (OR 2.6, 95% CI:1.2-5.4) were higher for adults with asymmetrical limited hip flexion compared with those with bilateral hip flexion > 90 degrees.Conclusions and implications: Asymmetrical limited hip flexion affects the seating posture and is associated with scoliosis and windswept hip distortion.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of everyday functioning in preschool children born preterm and at term
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 67, s. 82-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Children born preterm are at risk of neonatal complications but the long-term consequences for everyday functioning is not well known. The study aimed to identify patterns of everyday functioning in preschool children born preterm and at term in relation to perinatal data, neonatal risk factors, behaviour, and socioeconomic status. Registry data and data from parent rated questionnaires were collected for 331 children.Method: A person-oriented approach with a cluster analysis was used.Results: A seven cluster solution explained 65.91% of the variance. Most children (n = 232) showed patterns of strong everyday functioning. A minority of the children (n = 99), showed diverse patterns of weak everyday functioning. Perinatal characteristics, neonatal risk factors and socio-economics did not predict cluster group membership. Children born preterm were represented in all clusters.Conclusion, implications: Most preschool children are perceived by their parents with strong everyday functioning despite being born preterm. However small groups of children are, for various reasons, perceived with weak functioning, but preterm birth is not the sole contributor to patterns of weak everyday functioning. More critical for all children's everyday functioning is probably the interaction between individual factors, behavioural factors and contextual factors. To gain a broader understanding of children's everyday functioning. Child Health Services need to systematically consider aspects of body function, activity and in addition participation and environmental aspects.
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| 3. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Use of antipsychotics, benzodiazepine derivatives, and dementia medication among older people with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder and dementia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 62, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although people with intellectual disability (ID) and people with dementia have high drug prescription rates, there is a lack of studies investigating drug use among those with concurrent diagnoses of ID and dementia. Aim To investigate the use of antipsychotics, benzodiazepine derivatives, and drugs recommended for dementia treatment (anticholinesterases [AChEIs] and memantine) among people with ID and dementia. Methods and procedures Having received support available for people with ID and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was used as a proxy for ID. The ID cohort consisted of 7936 individuals, aged at least 55 years in 2012, and the referent cohort of age- and sex-matched people from the general population (gPop). People with a specialists’ diagnosis of dementia during 2002–2012 were identified (ID, n = 180; gPop, n = 67), and data on prescription of the investigated drugs during the period 2006–2012 were collected. Outcome and results People with ID/ASD and dementia were more likely than people with ID/ASD but without dementia to be prescribed antipsychotics (50% vs 39% over the study period; odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.13–30.3) and benzodiazepine derivatives (55% vs 36%; OR 2.42, 1.48–3.98). They were also more likely than people with dementia from the general population to be prescribed antipsychotics (50% vs 25%; OR 3.18, 1.59–6.34), but less likely to be prescribed AChEIs (28% vs 45%; OR 0.32, 0.16–0.64).
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| 4. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental delays in phonological recoding among children and adolescents with Down syndrome and Williams syndrome
- 2016
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 55, s. 64-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the development of phonological recoding in short-term memory (STM) span tasks among two clinical groups with contrasting STM and language profiles: those with Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS). Phonological recoding was assessed by comparing: (1) performance on phonologically similar and dissimilar items (phonological similarity effects, PSE); and (2) items with short and long names (word length effects, WLE). Participant groups included children and adolescents with DS (n = 29), WS (n = 25) and typical development (n = 51), all with average mental ages around 6 years. The group with WS, contrary to predictions based on their relatively strong verbal STM and language abilities, showed no evidence for phonological recoding. Those in the group with DS, with weaker verbal STM and language abilities, showed positive evidence for phonological recoding (PSE), but to a lesser degree than the typical group (who showed PSE and WLE). These findings provide new information about the memory systems of these groups of children and adolescents, and suggest that STM processes involving phonological recoding do not fit with the usual expectations of the abilities of children and adolescents with WS and DS. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Davidson, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Social relationship difficulties in autism and reactive attachment disorder: Improving diagnostic validity through structured assessment.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research in developmental disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3379 .- 0891-4222. ; 40, s. 63-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) versus Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a common diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to overlapping difficulties with social relationships. RAD is associated with neglect or maltreatment whereas ASD is not: accurate differential diagnosis is therefore critical. Very little research has investigated the relationship between the two, and it is unknown if standardised measures are able to discriminate between ASD and RAD. The current study aimed to address these issues.
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| 6. |
- Earl, Robyn, et al.
(författare)
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Visual search strategies in a shared zone in pedestrians with and without intellectual disability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with intellectual disability (ID) may find shared zones troublesome to negotiate because of the lack of the traditional clearly defined rules and boundaries. With the built environment identified as a barrier to active travel and community access, it is vital to explore how pedestrians with ID navigate shared zones to ensure that this group is not placed in harm's way or discouraged from active travel because of the implications of shared zones. This study investigated the visual strategies of 19 adults with ID and 21 controls who wore head mounted eye trackers in a Shared Zone and at a zebra crossing (as a contrast traffic environment). In total 4750 valid fixations were analysed. Participants with ID fixated on traffic relevant objects at a rate of 68 percent of the control participants. Furthermore, the males with ID were 9(4.4–18.7) times more likely to fixate on non-traffic relevant objects compared with traffic relevant objects, much higher odds than that of females with ID 1.8(0.4–1.7). Zebra crossings appeared to act as a cue, drawing pedestrians' visual attention to the traffic environment, with both groups more likely to look at traffic relevant objects on/at the zebra crossing (66%: 34%). Future implementation of shared zones needs to be carefully considered in relation to the safety of road users with ID and their capacity to identify and assess salient environmental information.
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| 7. |
- Eliasson, Ann-Christin, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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The effectiveness of Baby-CIMT in infants younger than 12 months with clinical signs of unilateral-cerebral palsy : an explorative study with randomized design
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 72, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore the effectiveness of baby-CIMT (constraint-induced movement therapy) and baby-massage for improving the manual ability of infants younger than 12 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).METHOD: Infants eligible for inclusion were 3-8 months old with asymmetric hand function and at high risk of developing unilateral CP. Thirty-seven infants were assigned randomly to receive baby-CIMT or baby-massage. At one year of age 31 children were diagnosed with unilateral CP, 18 (8 boys, 6.1±1.7months) of these had received baby-CIMT and 13 (8 boys, 5.0±1.6months) baby-massage. There were two 6-week training periods separated by a 6-week pause. The Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI), Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCS) and a questionnaire concerning feasibility were applied.RESULTS: There was improvement in the "Affected hand score" of HAI from median 10 (6;13 IQR) to 13 (7;17 IQR) raw score in the baby-CIMT group and from 5 (4;11 IQR) to 6 (3;12 IQR) for baby-massage with a significant between group difference (p=0.041). At 18-month of age, the median AHA score were 51 (38;72 IQR) after baby-CIMT (n=18) compared to 24 (19;43 IQR) baby-massage (n=9). The PSCS revealed an enhanced sense of competence of being a parent among fathers in the baby-CIMT group compared to fathers in the baby-massage (p=0.002). Parents considered both interventions to be feasible.CONCLUSION: Baby-CIMT appears to improve the unimanual ability of young children with unilateral CP more than massage.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Holmer, Emil, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of an association between sign language phonological awareness and word reading in deaf and hard-of-hearing children
- 2016
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 48, s. 145-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Children with good phonological awareness (PA) are often good word readers. Here, we asked whether Swedish deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children who are more aware of the phonology of Swedish Sign Language, a language with no orthography, are better at reading words in Swedish.METHODS AND PROCEDURES:We developed the Cross-modal Phonological Awareness Test (C-PhAT) that can be used to assess PA in both Swedish Sign Language (C-PhAT-SSL) and Swedish (C-PhAT-Swed), and investigated how C-PhAT performance was related to word reading as well as linguistic and cognitive skills. We validated C-PhAT-Swed and administered C-PhAT-Swed and C-PhAT-SSL to DHH children who attended Swedish deaf schools with a bilingual curriculum and were at an early stage of reading.OUTCOMES AND RESULTS:C-PhAT-SSL correlated significantly with word reading for DHH children. They performed poorly on C-PhAT-Swed and their scores did not correlate significantly either with C-PhAT-SSL or word reading, although they did correlate significantly with cognitive measures.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:These results provide preliminary evidence that DHH children with good sign language PA are better at reading words and show that measures of spoken language PA in DHH children may be confounded by individual differences in cognitive skills.
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| 10. |
- Kantzer, Anne-Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Young children who screen positive for autism : Stability, change and comorbidity over two years
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 72, s. 297-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with a wide variety of clinical phenotypes and co-occurrences with other neurodevelopmental conditions. Symptoms may change over time.Aims: The aim of the present study was to prospectively follow 96 children, initially assessed for suspected ASD at an average age of 2.9 years.Methods and procedures: All children had been identified with autistic symptoms in a general population child health screening program, and had been referred to the Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden for further assessment by a multi-professional team at Time 1 (T1). This assessment included a broad neurodevelopmental examination, structured interviews, a cognitive test and evaluations of the childis adaptive and global functioning. Two years later, at Time 2 (T2), the children and their parents were invited for a follow-up assessment by the same team using the same methods.Outcomes and results: Of the 96 children, 76 had met and 20 had not met full criteria for ASD at T1. Of the same 96 children, 79 met full ASD criteria at T2. The vast majority of children with ASD also had other neurodevelopmental symptoms or diagnoses. Hyperactivity was observed in 42% of children with ASD at T2, and Intellectual Developmental Disorder in 30%. Borderline Intellectual Functioning was found in 25%, and severe speech and language disorder in 20%. The children who did not meet criteria for ASD at T2 had symptoms of or met criteria for other neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders in combination with marked autistic traits. Changes in developmental profiles between T1 and T2 were common in this group of young children with ASD. The main effect of Cognitive level at T1 explained more than twice as much of the variance in Vineland scores as did the ASD subtype; children with IDD had significantly lower scores than children in the BIF and AIF group. Co-existence with other conditions was the rule.Conclusions and implications: Reassessments covering the whole range of these conditions are necessary for an optimized intervention adapted to the individual child's needs.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Gunilla, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Walking on treadmill with Rett syndrome : effects on the autonomic nervous system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 83, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with Rett syndrome have deficient central autonomic control, which may interfere with walking. We have limited knowledge regarding the effects of exertion during physical activity in Rett syndrome. The aim was to investigate the autonomic responses during walking on a treadmill in Rett syndrome. Twenty-six females, 12 with Rett syndrome and 14 healthy females were included. All individuals started on the treadmill by standing still, followed by walking slowly with progressive speed until reaching maximum individual speed, which they kept for 6 min. Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial blood pressures (MAP), cardiac vagal tone (CVT), cardiac sensitivity to baroreflex (CSB), transcutaneous partial pressures of oxygen (pO2), carbon dioxide (pCO2), and breathing movements were recorded simultaneously and continuously. Autonomic responses were assessed by MAP, CSB and CVT during walking at 3 and 6 min. The changes in CSB and CVT in people with Rett syndrome compared to controls indicated more arousal, but only when the treadmill was started; as they continued walking, the arousal dropped to control level. People with Rett syndrome exhibited little changes in pCO2 whereas the controls showed increased values during walking. This suggests poor aerobic respiration in people with Rett syndrome during walking. Five people with Rett syndrome had Valsalva type of breathing at rest, three of those had normal breathing while walking on the treadmill while the remaining two started but soon stopped the Valsalva breathing during the walk. Our results show that individuals with Rett syndrome can walk for up to 6 min at their own maximum sustainable speed on a treadmill. Energy production may be low during walking in Rett syndrome, which could cause early tiredness. A treadmill can be used in people with Rett syndrome, but must be introduced slowly and should be individually tailored. We propose that walking promotes regular breathing in Rett syndrome.
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| 12. |
- Nordstrand, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Improvements in bimanual hand function after baby-CIMT in two-year old children with unilateral cerebral palsy : a retrospective study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 41-42, s. 86-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The common assumption that early-onset intensive intervention positively affects motor development has rarely been investigated for hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). This retrospective study explored the possible impact of baby constraint-induced movement therapy (baby-CIMT) on hand function at two years of age. We hypothesized that baby-CIMT in the first year of life would lead to better bimanual hand use at two years of age than would not receiving baby-CIMT. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) was administered at age 21 months (SD 2.4 months) in 72 children with unilateral CP, 31 of who received baby-CIMT. When dividing the children into four functional levels based on AHA, the proportional distribution differed between the groups in favour of baby-CIMT. Logistic regression analysis indicated that children in the baby-CIMT group were more likely than were children in the no baby-CIMT group to have a high functional level, even when controlling for the effect of brain lesion type (OR 5.83, 95% CI 1.44-23.56, p = 0.001). However, no difference was found between groups in the odds of having a very low functional level (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.08-1.17, p = 0.084). The result shows that baby-CIMT at early age can have a positive effect. Children who received baby-CIMT were six times more likely to have a high functional level at two years of age than were children in the no baby-CIMT group.
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| 13. |
- Ozel-Kizil, Erguvan Tugba, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 59, s. 351-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suffer not only from inability to focus but also from inability to shift attention for events that trigger their interests. This phenomenon is called "hyperfocusing". Previous literature about hyperfocusing is scarce and relies mainly on case reports. The study aimed to investigate and compare the severity of hyperfocusing in adult ADHD with and without psycho-stimulant use. ADHD (DSM-IV-TR) patients either psycho-stimulant naive (n = 53) or on psycho-stimulants (n = 79) from two ADHD clinics were recruited. The control group (n = 65) consisted of healthy university students. A socio-demographic form, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Wender-Utah Rating Scale, the Adult ADHD Self- Report Scale and the Hyperfocusing Scale were applied to the participants. There was no difference between total Hyperfocusing Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale scores of two patient groups, but both have higher scores than controls (p < 0.001). Hyperfocusing is higher in adult ADHD and there was no difference between stimulant-naive patients or patients on stimulants. Hyperfocusing can be defined as a separate dimension of adult ADHD.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Poloczek, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic verbal rehearsal in adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities: A multi-centre European study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 58, s. 83-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a long-held view that verbal short-term memory problems of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) might be due to a deficit in verbal rehearsal. However, the evidence is inconclusive and word length effects as indicator of rehearsal have been criticised. Aim amp; method: The aim of this multi-site European study was to investigate verbal rehearsal in adolescents with mild ID (n = 90) and a comparison group of typically developing children matched individually for mental age (MA, n = 90). The investigation involved: (1) a word length experiment with non-verbal recall using pointing and (2) self-paced inspection times to infer whether verbal strategies were utilised when memorising a set of pictorial items. Results: The word length effect on recall did not interact with group, suggesting that adolescents with ID and MA comparisons used similar verbal strategies, possibly phonological recoding of picture names. The inspection time data suggested that high span individuals in both groups used verbal labelling or single item rehearsal on more demanding lists, as long named items had longer inspection times. Conclusions: The findings suggest that verbal strategy use is not specifically impaired in adolescents with mild ID and is mental age appropriate, supporting a developmental perspective. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Posserud, M, et al.
(författare)
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Autism traits: The importance of "co-morbid" problems for impairment and contact with services. Data from the Bergen Child Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in developmental disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3379 .- 0891-4222. ; 72, s. 275-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Co-occurring problems are common in individuals with clinical autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but their relevance for impairment and contact with health services in ASD is largely unexplored. AIMS: We investigated the extent of co-occurring problems in children with high ASD traits from a total population sample. We explored the contribution of co-occurring problems to impairment and service contact, and whether there were children without co-occurring problems in this group; as proxy for "ASD only". METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Children screening positive on the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) were used as proxy for ASD. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) were operationalised using symptom counts. A parent or teacher report above the 95th percentile counted as "problem" present for other symptom domains. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: 92% of ASSQ high-scorers had a minimum of two other problems. Emotional problems, ADHD symptoms and learning problems were the most commonly reported problems, also predicting impairment and contact with services. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Co-occurring problems were common in ASD screen positive children and contributed strongly to both impairment and to contact with services. Gender differences indicated that female symptoms were perceived as less impairing by parents and teachers.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Sim, Fiona, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a triage tool for neurodevelopmental risk in children aged 30 months.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research in developmental disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3379 .- 0891-4222. ; 45-46, s. 69-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders in young children predict educational, health and social problems. Early identification may significantly reduce this burden but relevant tools largely lack validation. We aimed to develop and evaluate the predictive validity of a simple screening tool for neurodevelopmental problems in a community sample of 30 month old children. A sample of children was selected from a community cohort screened at 30 months by health visitors using the Sure Start Language Measure (SSLM) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 2011. Predictive validity was assessed by comparing screening results with detailed psychometric data from the same sample 1-2 years later. Screening performance using different thresholds was explored using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) with ROC area under the curve (AUC) and bootstrapping techniques. The SSLM predicted both language disorder identified by the New Reynell Developmental Language Scales (NRDLS) at follow-up (AUC 0.905) and global developmental delay assessed by the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (AUC 0.983). The SDQ administered at 30 months predicted psychiatric disorders identified by the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) at follow-up (AUC 0.821). Using optimal cut-offs for the SDQ and SSLM at 30 months, both tools together had sensitivity 87%; specificity 64%; positive predictive value 31%; and negative predictive value 97% in the prediction of any kind of neurodevelopmental problem 1-2 years later. The combined measure reported here is not yet sufficient as a stand-alone population screening tool for neurodevelopmental disorders. The SSLM and SDQ did however show promise in identifying preschool children at risk of ongoing language, psychiatric disorders and global developmental delay 1-2 years later but with fairly high false positive rates. Given that current developmental risk prediction in resource-poor settings is little better than random assignment, the SDQ and SSLM may aid clinical judgement when used as interim triage tools for practitioners with no specialist knowledge, in the context of longitudinal follow-up arrangements.
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| 20. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and loneliness among adults in the general population
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 62, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research on the association between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and loneliness is scarce even though factors which have been previously linked to loneliness, such as divorce and poorer mental health may be more prevalent among adults with ADHD. This study investigated the relation between ADHD symptoms/symptom severity and loneliness in the general adult population. Methods: Data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (N = 7403, aged >16 years) were analyzed. ADHD symptoms and common mental disorders (CMDs) were assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener and the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised, respectively. Loneliness was measured with a question from the Social Functioning Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations. Results: In the fully adjusted model, an ASRS score >14 was strongly associated with loneliness (OR= 2.48 95%CI = 1.83-336). ADHD symptom severity was related to loneliness in a dose-response fashion. Over one-third of the association between ADHD symptoms and loneliness was explained by CMDs. Conclusions: Adults with more ADHD symptoms are at an increased risk of feeling lonely. Future research should determine how ADHD symptoms are linked to loneliness and if loneliness is affectihg well-being.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Willis, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling physical activity participation for children and youth with disabilities following a goal-directed, family-centred intervention
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 77, s. 30-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is a paucity of research demonstrating the optimisation and maintenance of participation outcomes following physical activity interventions for children and youth with disabilities. Aim: To evaluate changes in physical activity participation in children with disabilities following a goal-directed, family-centred intervention at a healthsports centre, and to identify factors influencing participation following the intervention. Methods and procedures: A mixed methods pre-test post-test cohort design was applied. Recruitment occurred over a 12 month period during standard clinical service provision. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was administered to children and parents pre (T1) and post-intervention (T2), and at 12 weeks follow-up (T3). Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) was applied to assess outcomes at 12 weeks follow-up (T2 T3). Qualitative inquiry described barriers to goal attainment at T3. Outcomes and results: Ninety two children with a range of disabilities (mean age 11.1yr; 49 males) were included in the study. Statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in parent ratings of COPM performance and satisfaction of participation goals were observed following intervention. Ratings at 12 weeks follow-up remained significantly higher than baseline, and 32% of children attained their COPM-derived GAS goal. Environmental factors were the most frequent barrier to goal attainment following intervention. Conclusion and implications: These results provide preliminary evidence for goal-directed, family centred interventions to optimise physical activity participation outcomes for children with disabilities.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bertilsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding one's body and movements from the perspective of young adults with autism : A mixed-methods study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222. ; 78, s. 44-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are but a few studies of how persons with autism perceive their bodies and movements. Difficulties in perceiving the surrounding world along with disturbed motor coordination and executive functions may affect physical and psychological development. Aims: To explore the experiences of body and movements in young adults with autism and how two physiotherapeutic instruments may capture these experiences. Procedures: Eleven young adults (16–22 years) with autism were interviewed and assessed using Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2) and Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality and Experience (BAS MQ-E). Following a mixed- methods design, the interviews were deductively analyzed and conceptually integrated to the results of the two assessments. Results: Experiencing conflicting feelings about their bodies/movements, led to low understanding of themselves. The assessments captured these experiences relatively well, presenting both movement quality and quantity. Positive experiences and better movement quality related to having access to more functional daily strategies. Conclusion: Combining motor proficiency and body awareness assessments was optimal to understand the participants’ experiences. Implications: To capture body and movement functions in persons with autism in this standardized manner will lead to improved and reliable diagnoses, tailored interventions, increased body awareness and activity, and enhanced quality of life.
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| 25. |
- Dang, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of participation of adolescents with cerebral palsy: A European multi-centre longitudinal study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222. ; 36, s. 551-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether childhood factors that are amenable to intervention (parenting stress, child psychological problems and pain) predicted participation in daily activities and social roles of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). We randomly selected 1174 children aged 8-12 years from eight population-based registers of children with CP in six European countries; 743 (63%) agreed to participate. One further region recruited 75 children from multiple sources. These 818 children were visited at home at age 8-12 years, 594 (73%) agreed to follow-up at age 13-17 years. We used the following measures: parent reported stress (Parenting Stress Index Short Form), their child's psychological difficulties (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) and frequency and severity of pain; either child or parent reported the child's participation (LIFE Habits questionnaire). We fitted a structural equation model to each of the participation domains, regressing participation in childhood and adolescence on parenting stress, child psychological problems and pain, and regressing adolescent factors on the corresponding childhood factors; models were adjusted for impairment, region, age and gender. Pain in childhood predicted restricted adolescent participation in all domains except Mealtimes and Communication (standardized total indirect effects beta -0.05 to -0.18, 0.01 < p < 0.05 to p < 0.001, depending on domain). Psychological problems in childhood predicted restricted adolescent participation in all domains of social roles, and in Personal Care and Communication (beta -0.07 to -0.17,0.001 < p < 0.01 top < 0.001). Parenting stress in childhood predicted restricted adolescent participation in Health Hygiene, Mobility and Relationships (beta -0.07 to -0.18, 0.001 < p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). These childhood factors predicted adolescent participation largely via their effects on childhood participation; though in some domains early psychological problems and parenting stress in childhood predicted adolescent participation largely through their persistence into adolescence. We conclude that participation of adolescents with CP was predicted by early modifiable factors related to the child and family. Interventions for reduction of pain, psychological difficulties and parenting stress in childhood are justified not only for their intrinsic value, but also for probable benefits to childhood and adolescent participation. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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| 26. |
- Rapp, M., et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of parent-reported quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222. ; 62, s. 259-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Parent-reporting is needed to examine Quality of Life (QoL) of children with cerebral palsy (CP) across all severities. This study examines whether QoL changes between childhood and adolescence, and what predicts adolescent QoL. Method: SPARCLE is a European cohort study of children with CP, randomly sampled from population databases. Of 818 8-12-year-olds joining the study, 594 (73%) were revisited as 13-17-year-olds. The subject of this report is the 551 (316 boys, 235 girls) where. the same parent reported QoL on both occasions using KIDSCREEN-52 (transformed Rasch scale, mean 50, SD 10 per domain). Associations were assessed using linear regression. Results: Between childhood and adolescence, average QoL reduced in six domains (1.3-3.8 points, p <0.01) and was stable in three (Physical wellbeing, Autonomy, Social acceptance). Socio-demographic factors had little predictive value. Childhood QoL was a strong predictor of all domains of adolescent QoL. Severe impairments of motor function, IQ or communication predicted higher adolescent QoL on some domains; except that severe motor impairment predicted lower adolescent QoL on the Autonomy domain. More psychological problems and higher parenting stress in childhood and their worsening by adolescence predicted lower QoL in five and eight domains respectively; contemporaneous pain in seven domains. The final model explained 30%-40% of variance in QoL, depending on domain. Interpretation: In general, impairment severity and socio-demographic factors were not predictors of lower adolescent QoL. However, pain, psychological problems and parenting stress were predictors of lower adolescent QoL in most domains. These are modifiable factors and addressing them may improve adolescent QoL. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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