| 1. |
- Abramova, Anna, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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The complex barnacle perfume: identification of waterborne pheromone homologues in Balanus improvisus and their differential expression during settlement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 35:4, s. 416-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key question in barnacle biology is the nature of cues that induce gregarious settlement. One of the characterised cues is the waterborne settlement pheromone (WSP). This study aimed to identify WSP homologues in Balanus improvisus and to investigate their expression during settlement. Six WSP homologues were identified, all containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a conserved core region, and a variable C-terminus comprising several -GR- and -HDDH- motifs. The B. improvisus WSP homologues were expressed in all settlement stages but showed different expression patterns. The homologue most similar to the B. amphitrite WSP was the most abundant and was constantly expressed during settlement. In contrast, several of the other WSP homologues showed the greatest expression in the juvenile stage. The presence of several WSP homologues suggests the existence of a pheromone mix, where con-specificity might be determined by a combination of sequence characteristics and the concentration of the individual components.
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| 2. |
- Al-Farsi, Hissa M
(författare)
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Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in Oman : molecular epidemiology and therapeutic insights
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The spread of antibiotic resistance is a concerning issue causing limited treatment options for bacterial infections, particularly with Gram-negative bacteria. Surveillance and epidemiological studies help to determine the magnitude of the problem as well as to establish early measures to slow down the spread of resistance and consequently increase antibiotic lifespan. Currently, there is a visible paucity of published data about resistance from the Arabian Peninsula. In this thesis, we studied a collection of carbapenem nonsusceptible E. coli (n=35) and K. pneumoniae (n=237) isolated in 2015 from various hospitals in Oman. We aimed at identifying resistance mechanisms, mapping the bacterial population structure, investigating bacterial fitness, and studying potential treatment options available to tackle infections caused by such multidrug-resistant strains. These aims were addressed in five papers as discussed below. NDM and OXA-48 were the only carbapenemases we found in this collection, both among E. coli (Paper I) and K. pneumoniae (Paper II). The pattern of resistance among the isolates from Arabian Peninsula mimics the pattern reported from the Indian subcontinent, most likely due to the close socioeconomic interactions between them. Both regions lack KPC enzymes, which are commonly seen in China and the US from strains belong to ST11 and ST258, respectively. Despite ST11 being predominant in this collection, we did not detect KPC. Yet, we detected a high-risk clone of E. coli, ST131-H30Rx-CTX-M-15. Additionally, we identified newly emerging clones of K. pneumoniae and E. coli such as ST231 and ST1193-H64RxC, respectively. Nearly 10% of the K. pneumoniae isolates in our collection were colistin resistant which prompted us to study the mechanisms of colistin resistance (Paper III). MgrB-inactivation by insertion elements was seen in 8 isolates while other mutations were seen in other chromosomal genes known to be involved in colistin resistance e.g. pmrB, phoPQ and crrB. However, we did not detect mcr genes. Collectively, the genetic alterations are thought to reduce the net negative charge in bacterial cell wall, hence lowering the binding affinity of colistin. Our data underscores that there is no reduction in the surface charge in colistinresistant K. pneumoniae, due to the MgrB-insertion (Paper IV). The genetic alteration might lead to other structural changes in the cell wall such as altering hydrophobicity, which required further investigation. Also, our data shows no difference in the survival rates of colistin resistant and susceptible strains in blood, serum and zebrafish model. Thus, gaining resistance against colistin does not infer a fitness cost in K. pneumoniae with MgrB-insertion (Paper IV). Additionally, colistin and LL-37 share similar binding mechanism which suggest there might be a cross-resistance between them. Our data supported this hypothesis, but only at high concentrations of LL-37 ( ≥ 50 mg/L) (Paper IV). Finally, we studied available options to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains. Combining colistin and rifampicin showed good in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli (Paper V) and K. pneumoniae (Paper III). To summarise, we conducted comprehensive genomic analysis of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Oman to reveal the resistance mechanism, their impact on bacterial cell structural and if there is a fitness cost inferred by the resistance mechanisms. Finally, we studied combination therapy as an available option at hand for tackling infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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A study of some elemental distributions between slag and hot metal during tapping of the blast furnace
- 2004
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Ingår i: Steel research. - : Wiley. - 0177-4832 .- 1611-3683. ; 75:5, s. 294-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the distribution of elements between slag and hot metal from a blast furnace through calculation of distribution coefficients from actual production data. First, samples of slag and hot metal tapped from a commercial blast furnace were taken continually at 10-minute intervals for a production period of 68 hours. Distribution coefficients of manganese, silicon, sulphur and vanadium were then calculated from the results of the sample analyses. A major conclusion drawn from examination of the results was that the behaviour of the studied elements was as could be expected when approaching the equilibrium reactions from thermodynamic theory. The distributions of the elements in the slag-metal system showed clear tendencies which did not appear to be influenced by the operational conditions of the furnace. For example, for manganese, vanadium and sulphur, it was found that a higher basicity led to a decreased distribution coefficient L-Mn and L-V, but an increased L-S, which is according to theory. Another observed relationship was that slag basicity increased with an increased carbon content in the hot metal, which indicated that SiO2 was reduced to [Si] when the oxygen potential decreased. Furthermore, it was found that sulphur and silica behaviour likened that of acidic slag components, while the manganese oxide and vanadium oxide behaviour was similar to that of basic slag components.
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| 4. |
- Arneborg, Lars, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Overturning and Dissipation caused by Baroclinic Tidal Flow near the Sill of a Fjord Basin
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. ; 39, s. 2156-2174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissipation time series and moored velocity and density time series on the inner slopes of the Gullmar Fjord sill, showed that the internal tides generated at the sill radiated to the head of the fjord, were reflected, and radiated back to the sill, where they dissipated their energy mainly below sill level. A large amount of the dissipation was caused by a transitional flow at a particular phase of the internal tide, when the bottom layer descended down the sill slope and had to pass a constriction set up by a submarine hill. The inward, baroclinic, bottom layer flow transformed into a supercritical bottom jet, which separated from the bottom just downstream of the constriction. A large fraction of the dissipation took place in the successive rebounding region (the hydraulic jump) above the bottom jet, where overturns of the same size as the vertical extent of the rebounding region were observed. More than half of the dissipation was happening in the bottom boundary layer below the jet. During the transitional flow there were clear pulsations of the jet with periods of about 15 min. The amount of diapycnal mixing caused by the turbulence was reduced by the large fraction of dissipation within the bottom boundary layer, but maybe also by the high buoyancy Reynolds numbers within the rebounding region. When using a relatively new parameterization of mixing, the mixing was significantly reduced compared to using the traditional constant mixing efficiency method.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bellani, Giacomo, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 315:8, s. 788-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Limited information exists about the epidemiology, recognition, management, and outcomes of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OBJECTIVES To evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) incidence and outcome of ARDS and to assess clinician recognition, ventilation management, and use of adjuncts-for example prone positioning-in routine clinical practice for patients fulfilling the ARDS Berlin Definition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing invasive or noninvasive ventilation, conducted during 4 consecutive weeks in the winter of 2014 in a convenience sample of 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. EXPOSURES Acute respiratory distress syndrome. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was ICU incidence of ARDS. Secondary outcomes included assessment of clinician recognition of ARDS, the application of ventilatory management, the use of adjunctive interventions in routine clinical practice, and clinical outcomes from ARDS. RESULTS Of 29 144 patients admitted to participating ICUs, 3022 (10.4%) fulfilled ARDS criteria. Of these, 2377 patients developed ARDS in the first 48 hours and whose respiratory failure was managed with invasive mechanical ventilation. The period prevalence of mild ARDS was 30.0%(95% CI, 28.2%-31.9%); of moderate ARDS, 46.6%(95% CI, 44.5%-48.6%); and of severe ARDS, 23.4%(95% CI, 21.7%-25.2%). ARDS represented 0.42 cases per ICU bed over 4 weeks and represented 10.4%(95% CI, 10.0%-10.7%) of ICU admissions and 23.4% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Clinical recognition of ARDS ranged from 51.3% (95% CI, 47.5%-55.0%) in mild to 78.5%(95% CI, 74.8%-81.8%) in severe ARDS. Less than two-thirds of patients with ARDS received a tidal volume 8 of mL/kg or less of predicted body weight. Plateau pressure was measured in 40.1%(95% CI, 38.2-42.1), whereas 82.6%(95% CI, 81.0%-84.1%) received a positive end-expository pressure (PEEP) of less than 12 cm H2O. Prone positioning was used in 16.3%(95% CI, 13.7%-19.2%) of patients with severe ARDS. Clinician recognition of ARDS was associated with higher PEEP, greater use of neuromuscular blockade, and prone positioning. Hospital mortality was 34.9%(95% CI, 31.4%-38.5%) for those with mild, 40.3%(95% CI, 37.4%-43.3%) for those with moderate, and 46.1%(95% CI, 41.9%-50.4%) for those with severe ARDS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among ICUs in 50 countries, the period prevalence of ARDS was 10.4% of ICU admissions. This syndrome appeared to be underrecognized and undertreated and associated with a high mortality rate. These findings indicate the potential for improvement in the management of patients with ARDS.
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| 8. |
- Bellani, Gabriele, 1981-
(författare)
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Experimental Studies of Complex Flows through Image-Based Techniques
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the development of experimental techniques for the study of complex flows inspired to a large extent by the papermaking process. In particular one part of this thesis is devoted to the development of laboratory experiments based on index-of-refraction matching and imaging techniques to study the behavior of dilute and concentrated suspension of elongated particles. Another part is aimed at exploring the potential of the synergy between experiments and numerical simulations to access quantities otherwise not-measurable in complex flows. Highspeedimaging experiments have been specifically designed for this purpose. The first of the Refractive IndexMatching (RIM) experiment was aimed at studying the flow generated during the filtration of a fiber suspension using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and pressure drop measurements. The experiments were performed in a vertical laboratory filtration device. Index of refraction matching of fibers and fluids allowed measurements to be performed in the proximity and, to some extent, in the forming network during filtration. The area over which the forming network induces velocity gradients has been measured and have been found to be independent of the Reynolds number but dependent on the fiber length and the structure of the network. Analysis of the flow scales in the proximity of the network showed that the signature of the mesh used to filter the suspension is never completely suppressed as the network thickness increases. Also, pressure drop measurements over a static fiber network have been performed. A linear dependence of the pressure drop with the basis weight (mass of fibers in the network per unit area) and a non-dimensional filtration resistance independent of filtration velocity and network thickness (if network compressibility is accounted for) was found. These findings can help explain characteristics that are observed on paper sheets and help improvede watering efficiency. The second RIM experiment was aimed at measuring the interactions of Taylorscale elongated particles with turbulence. RIM particles with embedded tracers and Stereoscopic PIV were combined to simultaneously measure fluid phase and particle velocity. The novelty of this technique is that it allows to measure the three-dimensional angular velocity vector of arbitrarily shaped particles. This technique was applied to study the interaction of neutrally buoyant ellipsoidal particles with stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The results were compared to the case of spherical particles. The main result is that both spherical and ellipsoidal particles provide enhancement of the small scales and reduction of the large scales at volume concentrations as low as 0.1%. However, the reduction of the large scales was much more evident for spherical particles. These results highlight the fact that particle elongation introduces different mechanisms of turbulent modulation as compared to the spherical particles. The first of the high-speed imaging experiments was to provide a database for test and validation of a CFD-based flow observer for complex flows. For this purpose time resolved measurements of a turbulent confined jet have been performed with high-speed PIV. The measurements have been used both as a feedback signal and as a reference for the evaluation of a CFD-based estimator for complex flows. Furthermore, based on the measurements Kalman filters have been designed and implemented in the observer. The experimental data have also been used to compare two modal decompositions, namely Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Dynamical Modal Decomposition and evaluate their ability to describe the global behavior of complex flow. The second of the high-speed imaging experiment was applied to study spreading of a droplet on a solid surface. These experiments have been performed with extremely high time-resolution (140000 fps), over a range of parameters (in terms of droplet viscosity, equilibrium contact angle and droplet size) larger than any other experiment reported in the literature in a single work. By combining the experiments and direct numerical simulations a dissipative mechanisms arising from the contact line movement has been identified and the corresponding macroscopic coefficient has been measured.i
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| 9. |
- Berg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of longitudinal substrate currents on the losses in silicon substrate coplanar-strip and coplanar waveguides
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. - 1096-4290 .- 1099-047X. ; 10:5, s. 284-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strip currents in silicon substrate CPS and CPW induce longitudinal currents in the substrate (along the strips of the lines) causing extra microwave losses. It is shown that these losses may be minimized without introducing extra masks and process steps if the slot widths in the lines are chosen properly
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| 10. |
- Britton, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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The early stage behaviour of a stochastic SIR epidemic with term-time forcing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Probability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0021-9002 .- 1475-6072. ; 46:4, s. 975-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general stochastic SIR epidemic in a closed population under the influence of a term-time forced environment is considered. An 'environment' in this context is any external factor that influences the contact rate between individuals in the population, but is itself unaffected by the population. Here 'term-time forcing' refers to discontinuous but cyclic changes in the contact rate. The inclusion of such an environment into the model is done by replacing a single contact rate λ with a cyclically alternating renewal process with k different states denoted {A(t)}t≥0. Threshold conditions in terms of R⋆ are obtained, such that R⋆ > 1 implies that π, the probability of a large outbreak, is strictly positive. Examples are given where π is evaluated numerically from which the impact of the distribution of the time periods that Λ(t) spends in its different states is clearly seen.
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| 11. |
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Bronsålderns Håga : Fornlämningar, fynd och förbindelser
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den stora bronsåldershögen i Håga, utanför Uppsala, har länge dragit blickarna till sig. Hågahögen, även ibland kallad Kung Björns hög, är den mest kända fornlämningen på platsen men kring högen finns även flera andra spår från bronsåldern, bland annat kulthus, skärvstenshögar och en fornborg. Hågahögen undersöktes i början av 1900-talet och utgrävningen avslöjade bland annat att högen hade anlagts ca. 1100–900 f.Kr. och att den avlidne hade kremerats och begravts i en ekkista. Det var mycket oväntat att påträffa en bronsåldershög så långt norrut som i Uppsalatrakten. Att den dessutom innehöll en mycket rik uppsättning föremål av brons och guld är en stor anledning till att Hågahögen har varit mycket uppmärksammad inom den arkeologiska forskningen sedan dess. I mer än ett sekel har Håga varit central i tolkningarna och förståelsen av bronsåldern i Mälardalen. Även om Hågahögen är exceptionell är graven och Håga en del av en större samhällsutveckling i Uppland och Mälardalen under yngre bronsåldern. I denna bok samlas artiklar som behandlar olika aspekter av Håga och utvecklingen i Hågaområdet under bronsåldern, men även under senare tidsperioder.
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| 12. |
- Dahlstrand, Karl
(författare)
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Kränkning och upprättelse : En rättssociologisk studie av kränkningsersättning till brottsoffer
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis takes its starting point in the question of how damages for violation of crime is determined. This type of non-pecuniary damages to crime victims has a fundamental uncertainty regarding the computation of damages and what is really meant by “violation” in the meaning of the law. There is also a gliding between the violation and the suffering, as to which the compensation is related. The violation-dimension has a more “objective” connotation as a sanction in the sense of an attack on a protected interest within the rule of law. Whereas the suffering-dimension focuses more on the “subjective”, individualized injury as the object of attack. According to law, damages for violation should be determined such that it reflects the present social norms within society. Therefore, the compensation must be seen in relation to the context of criminal law, levels of punishment, the proportionality of the compensation in relation to the punishment and the crimes’ penal value. Thus before the empirical study, two central suppositions were: (1) if the applicator of the law “succeeds” in this task and (2) if it is possible to say something about if the application of the law, for instance the compensation levels, influences the satisfaction among the victims. The general object of the thesis is: to investigate how the application of the law reflects the sense of justice and how empirical knowledge can contribute to the legal field in question. The study includes two surveys, one involving the public and the other involving crime victims that had received compensation for criminal injuries from the Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority. The surveys consist of vignette questions selected from legal usage and questions about the victims’ experience of the compensation. The legal rule, about a victim’s right to compensation for the violation, opens up for different interpretations and several possible applications because of its vagueness. It is reminiscent of what H.L.A. Hart describes as “the open texture of law”. If the interpretation and the application of the rule is too standardised, or made from the “external” point of view according to Hart, it can be difficult for the crime victims to get satisfaction by way of the compensation. But if there is no internal point here, or put in another way, if there are merely different personal opinions on and expressions of how the rule is to be applied, it is hard to say that the compensation really can function according to the law. The research topic is therefore linked to the problem of incommensurability and a version of what it means to follow a vague rule in an individual way. Therefore it was interesting that the respondents in general had no difficulty valuing this type of non-pecuniary damage. The main point is that the application of a rule goes beyond the rule and the meaning of the rule is to be understood in reflection of a broader practice. The dissatisfaction among victims can therefore be understood as a consequence of a too narrow understanding of what it means to follow a rule. The subject and the analysis of the results from the empirical study, show how several dichotomies between formal and informal norms and between the internal and external view of law is put in question and under stress. But this is not meant as a critique, to show a “gap problem” or between “law in books” vis á vis “law in action”, but rather to illustrate that what can be described as leaking law is a central dimension of a normative system that deals with values, languages and the application of general rules through interpretation in a certain context. So the question is rather how its leaks rather than if, moreover, according to the legislator, the estimation of the compensation shall leak.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Doria, Avri, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic Routing Protocol for Intermittently Connected Networks
- 2007
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document defines PRoPHET, a Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity. PRoPHET is a routing protocol for intermittently connected networks, where there is no guarantee that a fully connected path between source and destination exists at any time, rendering traditional routing protocols unable to deliver messages between hosts. These networks are examples of networks where the Delay-Tolerant Network architecture[1] is applicable. The document presents an architectural overview followed by the protocol specification.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Grange, Kristina, 1970
(författare)
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Arkitektur - eller likvärdigt?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Om femtio år med arkitekturmuseet. - 9789185460861 ; , s. 98-99
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Hague, Enamul, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Crude Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Xylocarpus mollucensis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - Dhaka, Bangladesh : Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL). - 1816-1839 .- 1816-1820. ; 6:2, s. 109-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fractionated crude extracts and three isolated pure compounds XM-1, XM-2 and XM-3 from stem bark of Xylocarpus mollucensis were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and cytotoxicity against brine shrimp nauplii. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts and the compounds isolated from EtOAc fractions were studied for their antimicrobial activities. Cytotoxic activities were conducted only with EtOAc extract and its selected fractions. The EtOAc extract showed promising antimicrobial activities against all the gram positive and gram negative bacteria whereas petroleum ether extract showed moderate activities and the MeOH extract did not show any antimicrobial activities. The isolated pure compounds XM-1, XM-2 and XM-3, whose structures were not elucidated, exhibited activities against most of the bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp nauplii of the crude EtOAC extract and its selected fractions were studied. The LC50 values of the EtoAc extract was 12.6 µg/ml and for the fractions 2, 5, 8 and 13 were 17.78, 13.34, 14.13 and 15.85 µg/ml, respectively.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Hagvall, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic characterization of the coordination chemistry and hydrolysis of gallium(III) in the presence of aquatic organic matter
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 146, s. 76-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between metals and natural organic matter (NOM) are of great environmental importance and one of the key factors influencing hydrolysis, solubility, and speciation of the metals. However, studying geochemically relevant metals like Al, Fe, and Cu is sometimes associated with analytical problems; for example Fe and Cu are both redox active. Gallium (Ga) is a non-redox active metal that usually occurs at very low concentrations in environmental samples and therefore a wide concentration range of metal(III)-NOM species can be explored by adding Ga(III) to such samples. This makes Ga(III) a good probe and analogue for other metal ions, in particular Al. In addition, due to the increased usage of Ga in society, a better understanding of how Ga interacts with NOM is of importance but such studies are scarce. In this work, Ga(III) interactions with two different organic materials (Suwannee River natural organic matter and Suwannee River fulvic acid) were studied using infrared (IR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy in a large experimental range (101-84,076 mu g Ga g(-1) dry weight; pH 3-8). Our IR spectroscopic results showed that Ga(III) is bonded mainly to carboxylic functional groups and suggested that only a fraction of the total number of carboxylic sites in the samples was actively involved in the bonding. Modeling of the EXAFS data revealed that Ga(III) formed mononuclear chelate complexes with NOM that strongly suppressed the hydrolysis and polymerization of Ga(III). At low Ga(III) concentrations (1675-16,649 mu g g(-1)) organic complexes, consisting of 1-3 chelate ring structures, were the dominating species in the entire pH range while at higher concentrations (67,673-84,076 mu g g(-1), pH 3.0-7.0) we detected mixtures of mononuclear organic Ga(III) complexes, Ga(III) (hydr) oxide, and free Ga(III) (here defined as the hydrated Ga(III) ion and its soluble hydrolysis products). Moreover, the EXAFS results showed significantly higher contribution from second-shell C atoms (9-11) for the Ga(III)-organic complexes at the lowest concentration (101-125 mu g g(-1), pH 4.9-5.1), indicating formation of cage-like structures similar to Ga(III)-EDTA. Our combined results showed that Ga(III)-NOM interactions can be of importance for the solubility and speciation of Ga in environmental systems. Furthermore, the similarities between Ga(III) and previous Fe(III) results demonstrate that Ga(III) can be utilized as a probe for metal(III)-NOM interactions over an extended experimental range (e. g., pH and metal concentration) and thereby improve our knowledge about these interactions in general. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Husebø, Sissel Eikeland, et al.
(författare)
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Status of Nordic research on simulation-based learning in healthcare : an integrative review.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal. - : BioMed Central. - 2364-3277 .- 2059-0628. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Based on common geography, sociopolitics, epidemiology, and healthcare services, the Nordic countries could benefit from increased collaboration and uniformity in the development of simulation-based learning (SBL). To date, only a limited overview exists on the Nordic research literature on SBL and its progress in healthcare education. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fill that gap and suggest directions for future research.Methods: An integrative review design was used. A search was conducted for relevant research published during the period spanning from 1966 to June 2016. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies were appraised for quality and were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The Nordic research literature on SBL in healthcare revealed that Finland has published the greatest number of qualitative studies, and only Sweden and Norway have published randomized control trials. The studies included interprofessional or uniprofessional teams of healthcare professionals and students. An assessment of the research design revealed that most studies used a qualitative or a descriptive design. The five themes that emerged from the thematic analysis comprised technical skills, non-technical skills, user experience, educational aspects, and patient safety.Conclusion: This review has identified the research relating to the progress of SBL in the Nordic countries. Most Nordic research on SBL employs a qualitative or a descriptive design. Shortcomings in simulation research in the Nordic countries include a lack of well-designed randomized control trials or robust evidence that supports simulation as an effective educational method. In addition, there is also a shortage of studies focusing on patient safety, the primary care setting, or a combination of specialized and primary care settings. Suggested directions for future research include strengthening the design and methodology of SBL studies, incorporating a cross-country comparison of studies using simulation in the Nordic countries, and studies combining specialized and primary care settings.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Kauppi, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting bacterial Virulence : Inhibitors of type III secretion in Yersinia
- 2003
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Ingår i: Chemistry and Biology. - 1074-5521 .- 1879-1301. ; 10:3, s. 241-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agents that target bacterial virulence without detrimental effect on bacterial growth are useful chemical probes for studies of virulence and potential candidates for drug development. Several gram-negative pathogens employ type III secretion to evade the innate immune response of the host. Screening of a chemical library with a luciferase reporter gene assay in viable Yersinia pseudotuberculosis furnished several compounds that inhibit the reporter gene signal expressed from the yopE promoter and effector protein secretion at concentrations with no or modest effect on bacterial growth. The selectivity patterns observed for inhibition of various reporter gene strains indicate that the compounds target the type III secretion machinery at different levels. Identification of this set of inhibitors illustrates the approach of utilizing cell-based assays to identify compounds that affect complex bacterial virulence systems.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Lindh, Ingemar
(författare)
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Derivatisation of peptides for collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is concerned with the mass spectrometric analysis of peptides C-terminally derivatised with aminosulphonic acids. The aim was to increase the sensitivity of detection and to simplify the fragmentation patterns obtained upon collision-induced dissociation. The derivatives were analysed using a hybrid magnetic sector/orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A procedure for the C-terminal derivatisation of peptides with 4-aminonaphthalene sulphonic acid was developed. Amino groups were first acetylated to prevent intra molecular reactions. The derivatisation increased the sensitivity of detection by fast-atom bombardment ionisation by one to two orders of magnitude. Collision-induced dissociation at 8 keV collision energy gave product ions formed by charge-remote fragmentations, giving solely C-terminal fragment ions. The absence of product ions formed by other fragmentation processes simplified the spectra and made them less complex than those of the corresponding underivatised peptides. The absence of N-terminal fragment ions made deduction of the amino acid sequence relatively straight-forward. Conventional electrospray with focal-plane detection permitted detection of the peptide derivatives on a subfemtomol level. Low-energy cone-voltage/collision-induced dissociation and high-energy collision-induced dissociation at a collision energy of 4 keV gave informative spectra. The latter conditions gave fragmentation patterns similar to those obtained with fast-atom bombardment/collision-induced dissociation. Electrospray/collision-induced dissociation was also performed at 400 eV collision energy using the fourth field-free region collision cell. The fragmentation patterns were highly dependent on the mass of the collision gas. Collisions with helium mainly fragmented the peptide bonds while collisions with xenon fragmented all types of bonds in the peptide backbone and gave side-chain cleavages. For larger peptides (more than 10 amino acid residues) fragment ions arising from cleavage of the peptide bonds dominated. When analysed by nano-electrospray the sensitivity of detection was two orders of magnitude better than with conventional electrospray. Spectra were obtained for derivatised peptides ranging in size from 3 - 15 residues and rules for their fragmentation were established. Small peptide derivatives (3 - 6 residues) could be sequenced by nano electrospray/collision-induced dissociation of a few hundred frnol of sample. Derivatised peptides of unknown sequence obtained by proteolysis of hamster liver aldehyde dehydrogenase were analysed by nano-electrospray/collision-induced dissociation using the fourth field-free region collision cell. Complete or partial amino acid sequence information could be deduced from the spectra. It was concluded that derivatisation with 4-aminonaphthalenesulphonic acid is a useful tool in the de novo sequencing of peptides.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lindh, Ida
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial development and the different aspects of reflection
- 2017
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Management Education. - : Elsevier. - 1472-8117 .- 2352-3565. ; 15:1, s. 26-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that students' perceptions of entrepreneurship, as well as their attitude toward entrepreneurship education, are shaped by their previous experiences and contextual belonging. This longitudinal exploratory study explores how reflective practices that are part of entrepreneurship education work to challenge, change, or reproduce such attitudes, as well as the different path of entrepreneurial development students may follow as a result. The discussion also adds to theoretical development in the field by combining Dewey and Bourdieu into a framework for analyzing and understanding the different aspects of reflection and the differing outcomes reflection may yield.
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| 32. |
- Lindh, Ingrid, 1982-
(författare)
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Plant-produced STI vaccine antigens with special emphasis on HIV-1 p24
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To establish stable transgenic non-toxic plants as a platform for plant-based vaccine production as well as potential oral delivery system of vaccine antigens for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The concept is to immunize the mucosal immune system present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). HIV-1 p24 subtype C protein has been used as the main antigen model, in parallel with an engineered unique chimeric MOMP antigen from Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E.Methods: Chimeric MOMP and p24 vaccine antigens were successfully inserted into the nuclear genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Daucus carota via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. The characteristics of the genetic inserts and corresponding mRNAs and recombinant proteins in planta were described using several methods, including northern, Southern, and western blotting, ELISA, and a commercial HIV Ag/Ab combination assay. Immunogenicity of the antigens was studied in mice models.Results: Transgenes of both plant species expressing p24 or chimeric MOMP were successfully generated. Additional HIV-1 vaccine antigen candidates were introduced and the genetic inserts have been confirmed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis thaliana expressing p24 and chimeric MOMP were demonstrated to be stable over generations and antigenicity analyses showed that plant-derived HIV-1 p24 and chimeric MOMP retained immunological epitopes when they were expressed in planta. Oral administration of transgenic plant material generated a priming effect of the immune competent cells present in the GALT, shown by the presence of antigen-specific-IgG in mice sera after boosting. Mice immunized with plant-derived HIV-1 p24 antigen were also analyzed for antigen-specific faecal IgA as well as cellular immune responses. However, detectable levels of the two latter immune responses were not observed. The Chlamydia trachomatis chimeric MOMP antigen was further evaluated for its potential as a vaccine antigen candidate, with positive results indicating a more rapid clearance of the Chlamydia trachomatis infection post immunization.Conclusion: Stable non-toxic transgenic plants expressing either HIV-1 p24 or a novel Chlamydia trachomatis chimeric MOMP antigens have successfully been developed. The two plant-produced STI vaccine antigens have in initial mice feeding studies provided important proof-of-concept for the oral vaccination approach. Now, immunization studies to expand, en-hance, and improve knowledge of the immune responses generated by the orally delivered transgenic plants are of high priority.
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| 33. |
- Lindh, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Production of the p24 capsid protein from HIV-1 subtype C in Arabidopsis thaliana and Daucus carota using an endoplasmic reticulum-directing SEKDEL sequence in protein expression constructs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Protein Expression and Purification. - St. Louis : Academic Press. - 1046-5928 .- 1096-0279. ; 66:1, s. 46-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimized gene expression construct was designed in order to increase the accumulation of the HIV-1 subtype C p24 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana and carrot (Daucus carota) plants. An ER retention signal was introduced into the genetic construct generating a p24 protein containing a SEKDEL amino acid sequence at its C-terminus. Mature A. thaliana plants and carrot cells were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the improved pGreen0229/p24_SEKDEL vector. Several transgenic plant lines were obtained from both plant species by growth on selective medium and confirmed by PCR. Transformed lines were analyzed for p24 protein content by western blotting using anti-p24-specific antibodies and by Southern blotting to establish the number of copies of the insert in the plant nuclear genome. To estimate the accumulation levels of p24 protein in the plants, ELISA was run using soluble plant extracts. By comparing these results with our previous findings, the ER retention signal increased the level of p24 protein 5-fold in the Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In carrot taproot, the content of p24_SEKDEL protein was approximately half of that in Arabidopsis on a fresh weight basis and was stable in planta for several months. However, on a total soluble protein basis, carrots produced considerable higher levels of the p24_SEKDEL protein than Arabidopsis.
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| 34. |
- Marton, Jan, 1964
(författare)
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Vad avspegler IFRS?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Balans. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Oliva, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Pupil dilation reflects the time course of emotion recognition in human vocalizations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The processing of emotional signals usually causes an increase in pupil size, and this effect has been largely attributed to autonomic arousal prompted by the stimuli. Additionally, changes in pupil size were associated with decision making during non-emotional perceptual tasks. Therefore, in this study we investigated the relationship between pupil size fluctuations and the process of emotion recognition. Participants heard human nonverbal vocalizations (e.g., laughing, crying) and indicated the emotional state of the speakers as soon as they had identified it. The results showed that during emotion recognition, the time course of pupil response was driven by the decision-making process. In particular, peak pupil dilation betrayed the time of emotional selection. In addition, pupil response revealed properties of the decisions, such as the perceived emotional valence and the confidence in the assessment. Because pupil dilation (under isoluminance conditions) is almost exclusively promoted by norepinephrine (NE) release from the locus coeruleus (LC), the results suggest an important role of the LC-NE system during emotion processing.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Pankhurst, QA, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and magnetic anisotropy in amorphous alloy ribbons
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. ; 9:26
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report x-ray, EXAFS and neutron diffraction experiments on stress-relieved (SR) and field-annealed (FA) ribbons of Fe78Si9B13 using optimized geometries to measure the structural and magnetic anisotropy to unprecedented accuracy. A peak of magnitude si
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| 42. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Förord
- 2017
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Ingår i: Liv : utomjordiskt, artificiellt och syntetiskt - utomjordiskt, artificiellt och syntetiskt. - 9789198439403 ; , s. 7-9
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Pinheiro de Lima, Edson, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable operations maturity models characterisation
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable operations practices of are being intensively assessed in the last few years and are opportunities for test the developed theory. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyse some ‘professional’ frameworks that are being proposed by professional associations and consulting firms. A basic content analysis is developed in order to identify evidences for sustainable maturity concepts adoption, CMMI adherence and scope definition. Results show an incomplete implementation focusing primarily on environmental aspects, however, it was found evidences for strategic sustainability management, governance structures based on multiple stakeholders, and models evolution based on continuous improvement and innovation management.
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| 45. |
- Pinheiro de Lima, Edson, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable operations strategy : theoretical frameworks evolution
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Companies are developing new models for assessing sustainability of their operations nets. They are engaging in an evolutionary trajectory that over time leads them to different levels of sustainability maturity. This paper proposes a set of maturity-based recommendations that could be used for reviewing operations strategy. Recommendations are developed based on the following premises: there is an evolutionary development of operations management models regarding sustainable issues; these models have been consolidated in the last ten years; there are evidences in literature that could be used to trace models evolution.
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| 46. |
- Santoro, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-specific association of body composition with inflammatory and adipose-related markers in healthy elderly Europeans from the NU-AGE study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 29:9, s. 4968-4979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between body composition (BC) markers for adipose and lean tissue and bone mass, and a wide range of specific inflammatory and adipose-related markers in healthy elderly Europeans.METHODS: A whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was made in 1121 healthy (65-79 years) women and men from five European countries of the "New dietary strategies addressing the specific needs of elderly population for a healthy aging in Europe" project (NCT01754012) cohort to measure markers of adipose and lean tissue and bone mass. Pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-6Rα, TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, pentraxin 3, CRP, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, albumin) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) molecules as well as adipose-related markers such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and resistin were measured by magnetic bead-based multiplex-specific immunoassays and biochemical assays.RESULTS: BC characteristics were different in elderly women and men, and more favorable BC markers were associated with a better adipose-related inflammatory profile, with the exception of skeletal muscle mass index. No correlation was found with the body composition markers and circulating levels of some standard pro- and anti-inflammatory markers like IL-6, pentraxin 3, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6Rα, glycoprotein 130, TNF-α-R1, and TNF-α-R2.CONCLUSIONS: The association between BC and inflammatory and adipose-related biomarkers is crucial in decoding aging and pathophysiological processes, such as sarcopenia. DXA can help in understanding how the measurement of fat and muscle is important, making the way from research to clinical practice.KEY POINTS: • Body composition markers concordantly associated positively or negatively with adipose-related and inflammatory markers, with the exception of skeletal muscle mass index. • No correlation was found with the body composition markers and circulating levels of some standard pro- and anti-inflammatory markers like IL-6, pentraxin 3, IL-10, TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6Rα, gp130, TNF-α-R1, and TNF-α-R2. • Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) shows a good correlation with inflammatory profile in age-related sarcopenia.
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| 47. |
- Santoro, Ana Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Carbon Fixation : An Important Process in Lake Sediments
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:6, s. e65813-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Close to redox boundaries, dark carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic bacteria may be a large contributor to overall carbon fixation. Still, little is known about the relative importance of this process in lake systems, in spite the potentially high chemoautotrophic potential of lake sediments. We compared rates of dark carbon fixation, bacterial production and oxygen consumption in sediments from four Swedish boreal and seven tropical Brazilian lakes. Rates were highly variable and dark carbon fixation amounted up to 80% of the total heterotrophic bacterial production. The results indicate that non-photosynthetic carbon fixation can represent a substantial contribution to bacterial biomass production, especially in sediments with low organic matter content.
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| 48. |
- Saseendran, Sibin, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Incremental 1D Viscoelastic Model for Residual Stress and Shape Distortion Analysis During Composite Manufacturing Processes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030299859 ; , s. 65-76, s. 65-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present contribution is toward the systematic characterization and development of a one-dimensional incremental viscoelastic (VE) model for thermo-rheologically complex materials (called “VisCoR”) for the prediction of residual stresses and shape distortions in composites. Traditionally, models that have been developed for this purpose within the composites industry are based on incremental linear elastic methods. While these methods are robust, they fall short in predicting exact behaviour of large composite parts and high temperature composites where relaxation effects also play a vital role in the final shape of the part. Moreover, these models also do not consider the dependency of stresses on temperature and degree of cure. Although viscoelastic models have been formulated, they are not in an incremental form (which is suitable for Finite Element (FE) simulations), hence requiring higher computational efforts. The presented model is an incremental form and requires lesser computational cost and characterization efforts and most importantly takes into account the effect of temperature and degree of cure. Preliminary studies indicate that the incremental 1D viscoelastic model can accurately model VE stress relaxation behaviour when compared to exact solutions.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Sjögren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Control of voice intensity
- 2014
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Ingår i: 166th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 1939-800X. ; 20:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the control of voice intensity using acoustic and aerodynamic recordings. A total of 34 subjects participated half of them with and half without song training, 21 females and 13 males. The subjects produced the syllable sequence /papapa/ while the acoustic signal, the oral air flow and the oral air pressure were recorded using the Kay-Pentax Phonatory Aerodynamic System. The oral pressure provided an estimate of the subglottal pressure. A measure of glottal flow resistance was calculated as the ratio between subglottal pressure and oral air flow.Three different voice levels were used, normal, reduced, and increased; the change between the normal level and the two others was required to be 6-10 dB. Overall, an increase in voice intensity was associated with increased subglottal pressure and glottal flow resistance with only a small increase in air flow. A comparison between the subjects with and without song training showed those with training to produce higher intensities, to use higher subglottal pressure, but lower glottal flow resistance. Female voices had lower subglottal pressure and lower flow rates but higher glottal resistance than male voices.
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