| 1. |
- Brown, Toby D, et al.
(författare)
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Melt electrospinning of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds : phenomenological observations associated with collection and direct writing.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melt electrospinning and its additive manufacturing analogue, melt electrospinning writing (MEW), are two processes which can produce porous materials for applications where solvent toxicity and accumulation in solution electrospinning are problematic. This study explores the melt electrospinning of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds, specifically for applications in tissue engineering. The research described here aims to inform researchers interested in melt electrospinning about technical aspects of the process. This includes rapid fiber characterization using glass microscope slides, allowing influential processing parameters on fiber morphology to be assessed, as well as observed fiber collection phenomena on different collector substrates. The distribution and alignment of melt electrospun PCL fibers can be controlled to a certain degree using patterned collectors to create large numbers of scaffolds with shaped macroporous architectures. However, the buildup of residual charge in the collected fibers limits the achievable thickness of the porous template through such scaffolds. One challenge identified for MEW is the ability to control charge buildup so that fibers can be placed accurately in close proximity, and in many centimeter heights. The scale and size of scaffolds produced using MEW, however, indicate that this emerging process will fill a technological niche in biofabrication.
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| 2. |
- Bäckdahl, Henrik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Observations on bacterial cellulose tube formation for application as vascular graft
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 31:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocellulose (bacterial cellulose, BC), such as that produced by Acetobacter xylinum, has shown promising results as a replacement material for small diameter vascular grafts. The surface morphology of the lumen and mechanical properties of such tubes are crucial for their performance. The growth of a BC tube in a vertical fermentation bioreactor using silicone tubing for support and as an oxygen delivery membrane has not been studied in detail previously. Oxygen concentration and the number of bacteria added influence the production of the BC tubes. A dense and smooth luminal surface was formed after 4 days on a 3 mm silicone support. The bacteria were found to be in high concentration close to the silicon support and decreased in number further away. In the region with a high bacteria concentration, dense thin layers of BC were formed since the bacteria moved close together in this region. The presented observations were summarized in a theoretical model of BC tube growth.
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| 3. |
- Cieślik, M., et al.
(författare)
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Engineering of bone fixation metal implants biointerface - Application of parylene C as versatile protective coating
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 32:8, s. 2431-2435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tribological and protective properties of parylene C coatings (2-20 ÎŒm) on stainless steel 316L implant materials were investigated by means of electrochemical measurements and wear tests. The thickness and morphology of the CVD prepared coatings were characterized by scanning electron and laser confocal microscopy. The stability of the coatings was examined in contact with Hanks' solution and H 2O 2 (simulating the inflammatory response). It was concluded that silane-parylene C coating with the optimum thickness of 8 ÎŒm exhibits excellent wear resistance properties and limits the wear formation. The engineered versatile coating demonstrates sufficient elastomer properties, essential to sustain the implantation surgery strains and micromotions during long-term usage in the body.
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| 4. |
- Cieślik, M., et al.
(författare)
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Parylene coatings on stainless steel 316L surface for medical applications : Mechanical and protective properties
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 32:1, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical and protective properties of parylene N and C coatings (2-20 μm) on stainless steel 316L implant materials were investigated. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron and confocal microscopes, microindentation and scratch tests, whereas their protective properties were evaluated in terms of quenching metal ion release from stainless steel to simulated body fluid (Hanks solution). The obtained results revealed that for parylene C coatings, the critical load for initial cracks is 3-5 times higher and the total metal ions release is reduced 3 times more efficiently compared to parylene N. It was thus concluded that parylene C exhibits superior mechanical and protective properties for application as a micrometer coating material for stainless steel implants. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Engstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of water content on hardening and handling of a premixed calcium phosphate cement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 33:1, s. 527-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handling of calcium phosphate cements is difficult, where problems often arise during mixing, transferring tosyringes, and subsequent injection. Via the use of premixed cements the risk of handling complications is reduced. However, for premixed cements to work in a clinical situation the setting time needs to be improved. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the addition of water on the properties of premixed cement. Monetite-forming premixed cements with small amounts of added water (less than 6.8 wt.%) were prepared and the influence on injectability, working time, setting time and mechanical strength was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of small amounts of water had significant influence on the properties of the premixed cement. With the addition of just 1.7 wt.% water, the force needed to extrude the cement from a syringe was reduced from 107 (±15)N to 39 (±9)N, the compression strength was almost doubled, and the setting time decreased from 29 (±4)min to 19 (±2)min, while the working time remained 5 to 6 h. This study demonstrates the importance of controlling the water content in premixed cement pastes and how water can be used to improve the properties of premixed cements.
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| 6. |
- Gołda, M., et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen plasma functionalization of parylene C coating for implants surface : Nanotopography and active sites for drug anchoring
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 33:7, s. 4221-4227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of oxygen plasma treatment (t = 0.1-60 min, pO2 = 0.2 mbar, P = 50 W) of parylene C implant surface coating was investigated in order to check its influence on morphology (SEM, AFM observations), chemical composition (XPS analysis), hydrophilicity (contact angle measurements) and biocompatibility (MG-63 cell line and Staphylococcus aureus 24167 DSM adhesion screening). The modification procedure leads to oxygen insertion (up to 20 at.%) into the polymer matrix and together with surface topography changes has a dramatic impact on wettability (change of contact angle from θ = 78 ± 2 to θ = 33 ± 1.9 for unmodified and 60 min treated sample, respectively). As a result, the hydrophilic surface of modified parylene C promotes MG-63 cells growth and at the same time does not influence S. aureus adhesion. The obtained results clearly show that the plasma treatment of parylene C surface provides suitable polar groups (C = O, C-O, O-C = O, C-O-O and O-C(O)-O) for further development of the coating functionality.
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| 7. |
- Hussain Ibupoto, Zafar, et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature synthesis of seed mediated CuO bundle of nanowires, their structural characterisation and cholesterol detection
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 33:7, s. 3889-3898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we have successfully synthesised CuO bundle of nanowires using simple, cheap and low temperature hydrothermal growth method. The growth parameters such as precursor concentration and time for duration of growth were optimised. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has demonstrated that the CuO bundles of nanowires are highly dense, uniform and perpendicularly oriented to the substrate. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has demonstrated that the CuO nanostructures consist of bundle of nanowires and their growth pattern is along the [010] direction. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique described that CuO bundle of nanowires possess the monoclinic crystal phase. The surface and chemical composition analyses were carried out with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique and the obtained results suggested the pure crystal state of CuO nanostructures. In addition, the CuO nanowires were used for the cholesterol sensing application by immobilising the cholesterol oxidase through electrostatic attraction. The infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy study has also revealed that CuO nanostructures are consisting of only Cu-O bonding and has also shown the possible interaction of cholesterol oxidase with the sharp edge surface of CuO bundle of nanowires. The proposed cholesterol sensor has demonstrated the wide range of detection of cholesterol with good sensitivity of 33.88 +/- 0.96 mV/decade. Moreover, the CuO bundle of nanowires based sensor electrode has revealed good repeatability, reproducibility, stability, selectivity and a fast response time of less than 10 s. The cholesterol sensor based on the immobilised cholesterol oxidase has good potential applicability for the determination of cholesterol from the human serum and other biological samples.
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| 8. |
- Krishnan, Srinivasan, et al.
(författare)
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Dual labeled Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticle based optical immunosensor for sensitive detection of E. coli
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 45, s. 337-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optical nanobiosensor is presented using a fluorescent dye and anti-E. coli McAb anchored Ag@Silica core shell nanoparticles, for rapid and sensitive Escherichia coli detection in environmental samples. The synthesized dual labeled core shell (DLCS) nanoparticle shows intense fluorescence at 620 nm in solution, having a narrow emission with full width at half maxima (FWHM) of 10 nm, as a prerequisite to develop a sensitive detection platform for various biosensing applications. The specific E. coli was captured using an anti-E. coli antibody functionalized quartz glass, followed by a treatment with DLCS, where the photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to detect the target pathogen. The fabrication of the quartz glass based optical-immunosensor was monitored, and the results show changes in the photoluminescent patterns, which substantiate that varied species were immobilized on the surface of the antibody modified quartz glass. Consequently, the optical immunosensor demonstrated specificity and improved sensitivity, as compared to the customary methods, and was able to detect as low as 5 CFU/mL. The developed DLCS based optical immunosensor was evaluated with environmental water samples, which showed acceptable precision, reproducibility and stability, and could be readily applied to the routine monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in the environmental samples, and most importantly, demonstrate the potential of a prototype development of a simple and inexpensive diagnostic technique.
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| 9. |
- Kuzmenko, Volodymyr, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Universal method for protein bioconjugation with nanocellulose scaffolds for increased cell adhesion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 33:8, s. 4599-4607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is an emerging biomaterial since it is biocompatible, integrates well with host tissue and can be biosynthesized in desired architecture. However, being a hydrogel, it exhibits low affinity for cell attachment, which is crucial for the cellular fate process. To increase cell attachment, the surface of BNC scaffolds was modified with two proteins, fibronectin and collagen type I, using an effective bioconjugation method applying 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium (CDAP) tetrafluoroborate as the intermediate catalytic agent. The effect of CDAP treatment on cell adhesion to the BNC surface is shown for human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the mouse mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2. In both cases, the surface modification increased the number of cells attached to the surfaces. In addition, the morphology of the cells indicated more healthy and viable cells. CDAP activation of bacterial nanocellulose is shown to be a convenient method to conjugate extracellular proteins to the scaffold surfaces. CDAP treatment can be performed in a short period of time in an aqueous environment under heterogeneous and mild conditions preserving the nanofibrillar network of cellulose.
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| 10. |
- Lukaszczyk, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Novel injectable biomaterials for bone augmentation based on isosorbide dimethacrylic monomers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 40, s. 76-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawbacks with the commonly used PMMA-based bone cements, such as an excessive elastic modulus and potentially toxic residual monomer content, motivate the development of alternative cements. In this work an attempt to prepare an injectable biomaterial based on isosorbide-alicyclic diol derived from renewable resources was presented. Two novel dimethacrylic monomers ISDGMA - 2,5-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-sorbitol and ISETDMA - dimethacrylate of ethoxylated isosorbide were synthesized and used to prepare a series of low-viscosity compositions comprising bioactive nano-sized hydroxyapatite in the form of a two-paste system. Formulations exhibited a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, setting times between 2.6 min and 53 min at 37 degrees C and maximum curing temperatures of 65 degrees C. Due to the hydrophilic nature of ISDGMA, cured compositions could absorb up to 13.6% water and as a result the Young's modulus decreased from 1429 MPa down to 470 MPa. Both, poly(ISDGMA) and poly(ISETDMA) were subjected to a MU study on mice fibroblasts (BALB/3T3) and gave relative cell viabilities above 70% of control. A selected model bone cement was additionally investigated using human osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) in an MTS test, which exhibited concentration-dependent cell viability. The preliminary results, presented in this work reveal the potential of two novel dimethacrylic monomers in the preparation of an injectable biomaterial for bone augmentation, which could overcome some of the drawbacks typical for conventional acrylic bone cement. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Ma, Ming-Guo, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocomposites of cellulose/iron oxide : influence of synthesis conditions on their morphological behavior and thermal stability
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 32:6, s. 1511-1517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocomposites of cellulose/iron oxide have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method using cellulose solution and Fe(NO3)(3)center dot 9H(2)O at 180 degrees C. The cellulose solution was obtained by the dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution, which is a good system to dissolve cellulose and favors the synthesis of iron oxide without needing any template or other reagents. The phases, microstructure, and morphologies of nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS). The effects of the heating time, heating temperature, cellulose concentration, and ferric nitrate concentration on the morphological behavior of products were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the cellulose concentration played an important role in both the phase and shape of iron oxide in nanocomposites. Moreover, the nanocomposites synthesized by using different cellulose concentrations displayed different thermal stabilities.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Stenhamre, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Nanosized fibers' effect on adult human articular chondrocytes behavior.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-0191 .- 0928-4931. ; 33:3, s. 1539-1545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue engineering with chondrogenic cell based therapies is an expanding field with the intention of treating cartilage defects. It has been suggested that scaffolds used in cartilage tissue engineering influence cellular behavior and thus the long-term clinical outcome. The objective of this study was to assess whether chondrocyte attachment, proliferation and post-expansion re-differentiation could be influenced by the size of the fibers presented to the cells in a scaffold. Polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with different fiber morphologies were produced, i.e. microfiber (MS) scaffolds as well as nanofiber-coated microfiber scaffold (NMS). Adult human articular chondrocytes were cultured in the scaffolds in vitro up to 28 days, and the resulting constructs were assessed histologically, immunohistochemically, and biochemically. Attachment of cells and serum proteins to the scaffolds was affected by the architecture. The results point toward nano-patterning onto the microfibers influencing proliferation of the chondrocytes, and the overall 3D environment having a greater influence on the re-differentiation. In the efforts of finding the optimal scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering, studies as the current contribute to the knowledge of how to affect and control chondrocytes behavior.
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| 14. |
- Szot, C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Cancer Cell Behavior on Nanofibrous Scaffolds
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 31:1, s. 37-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue engineering and the use of nanofibrous biomaterial scaffolds offer a unique perspective for studying cancer development in vitro. Current in vitro models of tumorigenesis are limited by the use of static, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture monolayers that lack the structural architecture necessary for cell-cell interaction and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that are too simplistic for studying basic pathological mechanisms. In this study, two nanofibrous biomaterials that mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix, bacterial cellulose and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen I, were investigated as potential 3D scaffolds for an in vitro cancer model. Multiple cancer cell lines were cultured on each scaffold material and monitored for cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, infiltration, and morphology. Both bacterial cellulose and electrospun PCL/collagen I, which have nanoscale structures on the order of 100-500 nm, have been used in many diverse tissue engineering applications. Cancer cell adhesion and growth were limited on bacterial cellulose, while all cellular processes were enhanced on the electrospun scaffolds. This initial analysis has demonstrated the potential of electrospun PCL/collagen I scaffolds toward the development of an improved 3D in vitro cancer model.
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| 15. |
- Thorat, N, et al.
(författare)
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Structured superparamagnetic nanoparticles for high performance mediator of magnetic fluid hyperthermia: synthesis, colloidal stability and biocompatibility evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 42, s. 637-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Core–shell structures with magnetic core and metal/polymer shell provide a new opportunity for constructing highly efficient mediator for magnetic fluid hyperthermia. Herein, a facile method is described for the synthesis of superparamagnetic LSMO@Pluronic F127 core–shell nanoparticles. Initially, the surface of the LSMO nanoparticles is functionalized with oleic acid and the polymeric shell formation is achieved through hydrophobic interactions with oleic acid. Each step is optimized to get good dispersion and less aggregation. This methodology results into core–shell formation, of average diameter less than 40 nm, which was stable under physiological conditions. After making a core–shell formulation, a significant increase of specific absorption rate (up to 300%) has been achieved with variation of the magnetization (< 20%). Furthermore, this high heating capacity can be maintained in various simulated physiological conditions. The observed specific absorption rate is almost higher than Fe3O4. MTT assay is used to evaluate the toxicity of bare and core–shell MNPs. The mechanism of cell death by necrosis and apoptosis is studied with sequential staining of acridine orange and ethidium bromide using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The present work reports a facile method for the synthesis of core–shell structure which significantly improves SAR and biocompatibility of bare LSMO MNPs, indicating potential application for hyperthermia.
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| 16. |
- Tovar, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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The physicochemical characterization and in vivo response of micro/nanoporous bioactive ceramic particulate bone graft materials
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 43, s. 472-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of calcium phosphate based bioactive ceramics of different compositions and blends presenting similar micro/nanoporosity and micrometer scale surface texture were characterized and evaluated in an in vivo model. Prior to the animal experiment, the porosity, surface area, particle size distribution, phase quantification, and dissolution of the materials tested were evaluated. The bone regenerative properties of the materials were evaluated using a rabbit calvaria model. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and all samples were subjected to histologic observation and histomorphometric analysis. The material characterization showed that all materials tested presented variation in particle size, porosity and composition with different degrees of HA/TCP/lower stoichiometry phase ratios. Histologically, the calvarial defects presented temporal bone filling suggesting that all material groups were biocompatible and osteoconductive. Among the different materials tested, there were significant differences found in the amount of bone formation as a function of time. At 8 weeks, the micro/nanoporous material presenting similar to 55,TCP:45%,HA composition ratio presented higher amounts of new bone regeneration relative to other blends and a decrease in the amount of soft tissue infiltration. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Renyun, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon nanomaterials as drug carriers : Real time drug release investigation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 32:5, s. 1247-1252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of carbon nanomaterials in biomedical applications and the cytotoxicity of these materials have been areas of great interest during the last decade. In vitro drug load and release, as well as in vivo animal tests, have been carried out using carbon nanomaterials. However, no comparison studies on the drug load and the release of different carbon nanomaterials have been reported. Here, we report on a real time investigation of the drug release of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), using rhodamine B (RB) as a model of drug. The binding of RB to the nanomaterials were characterized by FTIR and UV-vis. The mass loading capacities of these nanomaterials were also studied, showing that GO had the highest capacity. The real time drug release experiment indicated different accumulative release modes of these nanomaterials at different pH values, due to their different binding modes with RB, which is also discussed as being the reason for the mechanism differences. Moreover, the comparison of the drug release capacity of CNT-RB and f-CNT-RB (functionalized-CNT-RB) indicated an influence of hydrogen bonds in both drug loading and release, as the hydrogen bonds increased the loading capacity of the carbon nanotube after acid treatment and changed the drug release mechanism at pH 7.4. Thus, here we identified the drug release modes of the different carbon nanomaterials. The results of the influence of functional groups and hydrogen bonds point also out a potential way of controlling the drug release behavior of carbon nanomaterials by surface modification. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bergh, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Social identity and prejudiced personality
- 2010
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 48:3, s. 317-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that the relation between personality and prejudice varies as a function of identity salience but previous empirical results are not conclusive. Extending previous research, we conducted an experimental study (N = 122) with pre- and post-manipulation measures of personality, and a post-manipulation measurement of prejudice, under conditions of control (no identity manipulation), personal or national identity. The results revealed no differences in the magnitude of the personality-prejudice correlations across conditions, neither for the pre- nor post-manipulation scores. Correlations based on pre- and post-manipulation variables, within each condition, did not differ significantly either. This indicates that neither prejudice nor personality variables were affected by identity salience. Thus, the study provides no support for the contention that the personality-prejudice relation varies as a function of social identity.
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| 21. |
- Berna, Chantal, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood : An ambiguous scenarios test
- 2011
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 51:3, s. 349-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tendency to interpret ambiguous everyday situations in a relatively negative manner (negative interpretation bias) is central to cognitive models of depression. Limited tools are available to measure this bias, either experimentally or in the clinic. This study aimed to develop a pragmatic interpretation bias measure using an ambiguous scenarios test relevant to depressed mood (the AST-D).(1) In Study 1, after a pilot phase (N = 53), the AST-D was presented via a web-based survey (N = 208). Participants imagined and rated each AST-D ambiguous scenario. As predicted, higher dysphoric mood was associated with lower pleasantness ratings (more negative bias), independent of mental imagery measures. In Study 2, self-report ratings were compared with objective ratings of participants' imagined outcomes of the ambiguous scenarios (N = 41). Data were collected in the experimental context of a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. Consistent with subjective bias scores, independent judges rated more sentences as negatively valenced for the high versus low dysphoric group. Overall, results suggest the potential utility of the AST-D in assessing interpretation bias associated with depressed mood. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Borghans, Lex, et al.
(författare)
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Identification problems in personality psychology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 51:3, s. 315-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses and illustrates identification problems in personality psychology. The measures usedby psychologists to infer traits are based on behaviors, broadly defined. These behaviors are producedfrom multiple traits interacting with incentives in situations. In general, measures are determined bythese multiple traits and do not identify any particular trait unless incentives and other traits are controlledfor. Using two data sets, we show, that substantial portions of the variance in achievement testscores and grades, which are often used as measures of cognition, are explained by personality variables.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Borroni, Serena, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy dimensions, Big Five traits, and dispositional aggression in adolescence : Issues of gender consistency
- 2014
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 66, s. 199-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to evaluate the nomological network of associations between psychopathy and its sub-dimensions, and Big Five domains and dispositional aggression in adolescence, and its consistency across gender-based sub-groups, 1253 Italian high school students (F = 429, M 824) were administered the Italian translations of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI), Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. Males scored on average significantly higher than females on all measures of psychopathy and aggression, whereas females scored significantly higher than males on the BFI O, C, A and N scales. Bivariate correlations between psychopathy scores, and aggression and BFI domains measures were highly similar in females and males. The majority of regression coefficients based on hierarchical regression models were consistently replicated across gender-based groups; effect size estimates for regression models were large, supporting the hypothesis that psychopathy can be described in terms of general personality traits in adolescence and that the relationships between psychopathy, its sub-dimensions and Big Five personality dimensions, and aggression generally are very similar across gender. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Borthwick, V.E., et al.
(författare)
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Complex temperature dependent behaviour revealed by in-situ heating experiments on single crystals of deformed halite: New ways to recognize and evaluate annealing in geological materials
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 32:7, s. 982-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of substructures, which encompass all structures present at the subgrain-scale, were investigated by static, in-situ annealingexperiments. Deformed, single crystalhalite was annealed inside a scanning electron microscope at temperatures between 280 and 470 °C. Electron backscatter diffraction maps provided detailed information about crystallographic orientation changes. Three temperature dependent regimes were distinguished based on boundary misorientation changes. In regime I (280–300 °C) some low angle boundaries (LABs), i.e. with 1°–15° misorientation, increase in misorientation angle, while others decrease. In regime II (∼300 °C) all LABs undergo a decrease in misorientation angle. Regime III (>300 °C) is defined by enhancement of the subgrain structure as remaining LABs increase and some undergo a rotation axis change. Throughout regimes I and II, new LABs develop, subdividing subgrains. LABs could be divided into four categories based on annealingbehaviour, orientation and morphology. We suggest that these observations can be directly related to the mobility and activation temperature of climb of two dislocation groups introduced during deformation. Therefore, with in-depth investigation of a substructure with known deformation geometry, we can infer ratios of dislocation types and their post-deformation and post-annealing location. These can potentially be used to estimate the post-deformational annealing temperature in crystalline materials.
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| 26. |
- Borthwick, Verity, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Post-deformational annealing at the subgrain scale : Temperature dependent behaviour revealed by in-situ heating experiments on deformed single crystal halite
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 32:7, s. 982-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of substructures, which encompass all structures present at the subgrain-scale, were investigated by static, in-situ annealing experiments. Deformed, single crystal halite was annealed inside a scanning electron microscope at temperatures between 280-470 ºC. Electron backscatter diffraction maps provided detailed information about crystallographic orientation changes. Three temperature dependent regimes were distinguished based on boundary misorientation changes. In regime I (280-300 ºC) some low angle boundaries (LABs), i.e. with 1º-15º misorientation, increase in misorientation angle, while others decrease. In regime II (~300 ºC) all LABs undergo a decrease in misorientation angle. Regime III (>300 ºC) is defined by enhancement of the subgrain structure as remaining LABs increase and some undergo a rotation axis change. Throughout regimes I and II, new LABs develop, subdividing subgrains. LABs could be divided into four categories based on annealing behaviour, orientation and morphology. We suggest that these observations can be directly related to the mobility and activation temperature of climb of two dislocation groups introduced during deformation. Therefore, with in-depth investigation of a substructure with known deformation geometry, we can infer ratios of dislocation types and their post-deformation and post-annealing location. These can potentially be used to estimate the post-deformational annealing temperature in crystalline materials.
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| 27. |
- Burchardt, Steffi, et al.
(författare)
-
Strain pattern within and around denser blocks sinking within Newtonian salt structures
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 33:2, s. 145-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blocks of dense material, such as anhydrite, entrained in salt structures have been proposed to sink through their host material. Here, we present the results of numerical models that analyse strain patterns within and around initially horizontal anhydrite blocks (viscosity 10(21) Pa s) sinking through Newtonian salt with a viscosity of 10(17) Pa s. In addition, the influence of the block aspect ratio (thickness to width ratio; AR) is analysed. The model results show that the blocks are folded and marginally sheared to approach streamlined shapes. The effectiveness of this process is a function of the block AR and influences the sinking velocity of the blocks significantly. Final sinking velocities are in the range of ca. 1.7 -3.1 mm/a. Around the block in the salt, an array of folds and shear zones develops during block descent, the structure of which is principally the same independent of the block AR. However, the size and development of the structures is a function of the block size. Monitoring of strain magnitudes demonstrates that the salt is subject to extremely high strains with successively changing stress regimes, resulting in closely-spaced zones of high adjacent to low strain. In comparison to the anhydrite blocks, strain magnitudes in the salt are up to one order of magnitude higher.
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| 28. |
- Burchardt, Steffi, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of viscosity contrasts on the strain pattern and magnitude within and around dense blocks sinking through Newtonian salt
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 35, s. 102-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense inclusions in salt cover a wide range of materials and therefore material properties, depending on their origin. We have modelled the deformation associated with gravity-driven sinking of horizontal, initially rectangular blocks of dense material through Newtonian salt. Our two-dimensional Finite Differences models analyse the influence and interaction of two parameters: (1) the size, i.e. the aspect ratio (AR), of the block and (2) the viscosity contrast between the salt and the more viscous block over four orders of magnitude. The results demonstrate that during gravity-driven sinking the blocks are folded and sheared. The strain magnitude within the block increases with increasing block AR and decreases with increasing viscosity contrast. Sinking velocities of the blocks are in the range of <2 and >6 mm a−1 and are a function of block and salt deformation that depend on the block mass and AR, as well as on the viscosity contrast. Salt deformation is characterised by the development of an array of characteristic structures that include folds and shear zones, as well as a zone characterised by extreme vertical stretching above the block, termed entrainment channel. Strain in the salt is locally more than two orders of magnitude higher than in the block and increases with increasing block AR and viscosity contrast. Salt deformation is distributed in closely-spaced high- and low-strain zones concentrated in the block vicinity and the entrainment channel.
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| 29. |
- Burliga, Stanislaw, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling cover deformation and decoupling during inversion, using the Mid-Polish Trough as a case study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 42, s. 62-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seismic sections across the NW part of the Polish Basin show that thrust faults developed in the sedimentary units above the Zechstein evaporite layer during basin inversion. These cover thrust faults have formed above the basement footwall. Based on the evolution of the basin, a series of scaled analogue models was carried out to study interaction between a basement fault and cover sediments during basin extension and inversion. During model extension, a set of normal faults originated in the sand cover above the basement fault area. The distribution and geometry of these faults were dependent on the thickness of a ductile layer and pre-extension sand layer, synkinematic deposition, the amount of model extension, as well as on the presence of a ductile layer between the cover and basement. Footwall cover was faulted away from the basement only in cases where a large amount of model extension and hanging-wall subsidence were not balanced by synkinematic deposition. Model inversion reactivated major cover faults located above the basement fault tip as reverse faults, whereas other extensional faults were either rotated or activated only in their upper segments, evolving into sub-horizontal thrusts. New normal or reverse faults originated in the footwall cover in models which contained a very thin pre-extension sand layer above the ductile layer. This was also the case in the highly extended and shortened model in which synkinematic hanging-wall subsidence was not balanced by sand deposition during model extension. Model results show that inversion along the basement fault results in shortening of the cover units and formation of thrust faults. This scenario happens only when the cover units are decoupled from the basement by a ductile layer. Given this, we argue that the thrusts in the sedimentary infill of the Polish Basin, which are decoupled from the basement tectonics by Zechstein evaporites, developed due to the inversion of the basement faults during the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Curtis S., Dunkel, et al.
(författare)
-
The General Factor of Personality and general intelligence : Testing hypotheses from Differential-K, Life History Theory, and strategic differentiation-integration effort
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 61-62, s. 13-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life history as applied to human psychology has progressed on different levels of analysis including between racial groups (Differential-K) and between individuals (Life History Theory). While the approaches at each level have garnered significant research support, some findings at the level of individual differences are inconsistent with findings from the level of group differences. The association between the General Factor of Personality and general intelligence was examined across and within racial groups to investigate the inconsistency. The results were in line with predictions derived from strategic differentiation–integration effort (SD–IE), the proposition that aggregation amongst variables decreases as life history strategy slows. The results suggest SD–IE may be a useful tool in reconciling the apparent contradictions across the levels of analysis.
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| 31. |
- Danielsson, Nanette S., et al.
(författare)
-
Neuroticism and sleep-onset : What is the long-term connection?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 48:4, s. 463-468
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with sleep-onset problems often experience neuroticism. To what extent the one problem leads to the other is unknown. We used self-reported data from a Swedish longitudinal project to examine developmental links between neuroticism and sleep-onset problems. A sample of 212 people, followed from birth to midlife, was part of a cohort study spanning 37 years. Adolescent neuroticism was measured at age 16 with the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ, Form A) and in midlife at age 37 with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Sleep-onset problems were measured at ages 15 to 17, 25, and 37 with items developed for the Solna Project. Adolescent neuroticism failed to predict sleep-onset problems. Instead, sleep-onset problems in adolescence and young adulthood predicted midlife neuroticism. We found that sleep-onset problems during adolescence were a direct risk for midlife neuroticism, as well as, an indirect risk through continuance of sleep-onset problems into adulthood. This study provides longitudinal support for adolescent sleep-onset problems as a potent risk factor for heightened neuroticism in midlife. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract)
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| 32. |
- Davis, Paul A., et al.
(författare)
-
Better out than in : The influence of anger regulation on physical performance
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 49:5, s. 457-460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the influence of individual differences in anger regulation as potential moderators of the anger–performance relationship. Extending Lazarus’s (1991, 2000a) cognitive–motivational–relational theory of emotion, we investigated the influence of trait anger and the anger regulation styles of anger-in and anger-out on the performance of a physical task. As hypothesized, trait anger and anger-out were positively associated with anger-derived performance enhancement on a peak force task; anger-in significantly inhibited the trait anger–performance relationship. Results are discussed in relation to Lazarus’s cognitive–motivational–relational theory and future research directions are offered.
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| 33. |
- Deng, Hongling, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying the characteristic signatures of fold-accommodation faults
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 56, s. 1-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hand-specimen and outcrop scale examples of folds are analyzed here to identify the characteristic signatures of fold-accommodation faults. We describe and analyze the geometric and kinematic relationships between folds and their associated faults in detail including the structural position and spatial distribution of faults within a fold, the displacement distribution along the faults by applying separation-distance plots for the outcrop scale examples, and the change of cut-off angle when the fault cut across folded layers. A comparison between fold-accommodation faults and fault related folds based on their separation-distribution plots and the problem of time sequence between faulting and folding are discussed in order to distinguish fold-accommodation faults from the reverse faults geometrically and kinematically similar to them. The analysis results show that fold-accommodation faults originate and terminate within a fold and usually do not modify the geometry of the fold because of their limited displacement. The out-of-syncline thrust has a diagnostically negative slope (separation value decreasing away from the upper fault tip) in the separation-distance graph. The change of cut-off angle and the spatial distribution of faults display a close relationship with the axial surface of the fold. Our analyses show that fold-accommodation faults are kinematically consistent with the flexural slip of the fold. The interbedded strata with competence contrast facilitate formation of fold-accommodation faults. These characteristic signatures are concluded as a set of primary identification criteria for fold-accommodation faults.
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| 34. |
- Deng, Hongling, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling two sequential coaxial phases of shortening in a foreland thrust belt
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 66, s. 400-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analog sandbox models are used to simulate two sequential coaxial phases of shortening in a foreland thrust belt. A sufficient hiatus is considered so that erosion and sedimentation after the first phase create an angular unconformity that is subsequently deformed. The effect of variation in thickness of post-erosional sediment package and presence of a weak layer at the unconformity level are analyzed. During the second phase, some first phase thrusts are reactivated and new thrusts are also initiated. Thrust reactivation results in a structure spacing that is smaller than the expected spacing for a thicker sediment package. Reactivation of pre-existing structures prevents the weak layer from acting as an intermediate decollement. An increase in thickness ratio tends to weaken reactivation of pre-existing thrusts. Model results also show that total displacement along individual reactivated thrusts generally increases downwards across the unconformity, which could be used to distinguish thrust reactivation in the field. Two regional examples from the northern Eastern Cordillera in Colombia and from the Variscan frontal zone in Western Europe, respectively, where multiphase coaxial shortening occurred, are compared with model results. Both natural cases show features, such as partially eroded first-generation folds and truncated first-generation thrusts that are indicators for two sequential phases of deformation as observed in the models.
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| 35. |
- Dietl, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Sheets within diapirs - Results of a centrifuge experiment
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 33:1, s. 32-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a centrifuge experiment to model the diapiric rise of a stratified PDMS layer from three perturbations through a non-Newtonian, ductile overburden. The experiment carried out at 700 g resulted in three composite diapirs fed by different PDMS layers. The three resulting diapirs represent two different stages of diapirism. One of the diapirs (diapir 1), which reached its level of neutral buoyancy and extruded at the surface of the model, was tabular in profile and copied by an internal intrusive body. The other two diapirs (diapirs 2 and 3) were still in the ascending stage when centrifuging was stopped and thus did not extrude at the surface. They displayed a typical balloon-on-string geometry, which develops at a high viscosity contrast between a highly viscous overburden and a less viscous buoyant material. The internal geometry of these last two diapirs, fed by the lower impure PDMS, however, did not copy the shape of their precursors. Instead, they had a finger-like shape. The finger geometry of the internal part of the diapirs might be the result of the higher viscosity of the impure lower PDMS intruding a less viscous clean PDMS. Compared to nature, diapir 1 represents a fully developed concentrically expanded pluton or nested diapir, while diapirs 2 and 3 resemble composite plutons which host magma batches of dyke-like geometry. Based on the results of our experiment we suggest that truly concentrically expanded plutons develop from the latter.
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| 36. |
- Ebner, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Stylolite interfaces and surrounding matrix material : Nature and role of heterogeneities in roughness and microstructural development
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 32:8, s. 1070-1084
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rough pressure solution interfaces, like stylolites, are one of the most evident features of localized slow deformation in rocks of the upper crust. There is a general consensus that the development of these rough structures is a result of localized, stress enhanced, dissolution of material along a fluid filled interface, but little is known on the initiation of this roughness. The aim of this article is to reveal the role of heterogeneities initially present in the host-rock on roughness initiation. This should give insights on whether stylolite roughness is generated by a stress-induced instability or by the presence of disorder in the material (i.e. quenched noise). We use a microstructural approach based on SEM/EBSD analysis combined with orientation contrast (OC) image analysis of stylolites in limestones. We found that the stylolite roughness is induced by heterogeneities in the host rock (clay particles and detrital quartz grains in our case). In addition, close to mature stylolite interfaces matrix modifications occur, which can be attributed to the compaction along the stylolite. The grain size decreases by 15-25% and a pre-existing shape- and lattice-preferred orientation (SPO, LPO) are significantly modified in the vicinity of the stylolite. The results presented here imply that localized pressure solution along stylolites is not necessarily restricted to the actual interface but influences the adjacent matrix. The heterogeneity data might serve as a quantitative basis for elaborate numerical models of localized compaction.
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| 37. |
- Farzipour-Saein, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of lateral thickness variation of an intermediate decollement on the propagation of deformation front in the Lurestan and Izeh zones of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, insights from analogue modeling
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 65, s. 17-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the role of various basal decollement levels on structural style and deformation propagation is well documented in many folded belts, the effect of lateral variation in intermediate decollements is poorly constrained. This work uses results of three scaled sand-box models shortened from one end to study the variation in structural development between areas with a ductile intermediate decollement and areas without (or with a thinner) intermediate decollement. Combined results of scaled models with field observations are used to argue that the presence of mechanically different intermediate decollement horizons within the Zagros stratigraphy has resulted in deformation partitioning between the Lurestan and Izeh zones. A thick intermediate decollement facilitates a faster propagation of deformation front and a lower taper in comparison with a thinner (or non-existing) intermediate decollement during compression. However, the effect of lateral thickness variation in the intermediate decollement on propagation of deformation is less profound than the effect of mechanical differences in basal decollements.
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| 38. |
- Fernandes, Heitor B. F., et al.
(författare)
-
Strategic differentiation and integration among the 50 states of the USA
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 55:8, s. 1000-1002
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies demonstrate that individuals and populations (at the scale of nations) exhibiting slower life history (LH) speeds are more differentiated amongst themselves with respect to the components of life history. Faster life history individuals and populations are more integrated by comparison. This phenomenon, termed strategic differentiation-integration effort (SD-IE), has not yet been tested on a national scale, however, which is an important remaining step in establishing its generalizability at different levels of aggregation among humans. SD-IE was tested with data on five LH variables from the fifty states of the US. Effects supportive of the SD-IE hypothesis were found in all LH variables, with an average effect magnitude slightly larger than that found in studies of SD-IE at the individual differences level. This is putatively attributed to population stratification, due to the varied racial make-up of the population in the US, including European, African, Native American, and Asian ancestries from multiple countries. This study indicates that SD-IE is a generalizable phenomenon occurring at various levels of aggregation.
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| 39. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The Dark Side of Facebook: Semantic Representations of Status Updates Predict the Dark Triad of Personality
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3549 .- 0191-8869. ; 67, s. 92-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- sing Latent Semantic Analysis, we quantified the semantic representations of Facebook status updates of 304 individuals in order to predict self-reported personality. We focused on, besides Neuroticism and Extraversion, the Dark Triad of personality: Psychopathy, Narcissism, and Machiavellianism. The semantic content of Facebook updates predicted Psychopathy and Narcissism. These updates had a more "odd" and negatively valance content. Furthermore, Neuroticism, number of Facebook friends, and frequency of status updates were predictable from the status updates. Given that Facebook allows individuals to have major control in how they present themselves and draw benefits from these interactions, we conclude that the Dark Triad, involving socially malevolent behavior such as self-promotion, emotional coldness, duplicity, and aggressiveness, is manifested in Facebook status updates.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hafen, Christopher A., et al.
(författare)
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Homophily in stable and unstable adolescent friendships : Similarity breeds constancy
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Pergamon Press. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 51:5, s. 607-612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines homophily among adolescent friends. Participants were drawn from a community-based sample of Swedish youth who ranged from 11 to 18 years old. A total of 436 girls and 338 boys identified their closest friends and described their own delinquent activities, intoxication frequency, achievement motivation, and self-worth. Correlations and difference scores describe similarity between reciprocally nominated friends on each dimension. Adolescents who remained friends from one year to the next tended to be more similar than those who did not, during the friendship and, to a lesser extent, before the friendship. Comparisons with random pairs of same-age peers revealed that age-group homophily accounts for most of the similarity between unstable friends but only a fraction of the similarity between stable friends.
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| 43. |
- Hasselberg, Ylva
(författare)
-
Who killed the ideologies or were they just resting? : Tingsten, technocratism and ideology in Sweden 1930-1970
- 2013
-
Ingår i: History of European Ideas. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0191-6599 .- 1873-541X. ; 39:1, s. 103-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article examines the reception and interpretation of the ‘death of ideology’ thesis in Sweden. The thesis was launched by the political scientist Herbert Tingsten in several works, and generated much attention and debate in the 1960s. The main opponents of the idea saw it as a liberal utopia, and also as an attack on Swedish social democracy. It is largely this interpretation that has gone down in history. This article seeks to demonstrate that Tingsten's idea can be given another interpretation and a quite different significance if it is set in the context of the period when it was first conceived, namely in the 1940s. According to this argument, the idea that ideological clashes were being given less and less weight implied not so much an attack on social democracy, but on the contrary heralded a new emphasis on the importance of social engineering and on the use of social science as vehicle for societal reform. Thus, instead of being seen as a liberal utopia, the so-called ‘death of ideology’ in Sweden can be seen as much more compatible with the socialist ends that were influential in mid-twentieth-century Sweden. These are, this article maintains, the true background against which Tingsten's analysis must be understood.
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| 44. |
- Hochwälder, Jacek
(författare)
-
The contribution of the big five personality factors to sense of coherence
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 53:5, s. 591-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How much of the variation among individuals with regard to sense of coherence (SOC) can be explained by some of the important and central factors in people's lives, above what can be explained by the big five personality factors? Six hundred and ninety-eight randomly selected persons (419 women and 279 men, aged 30-65 years) responded to a questionnaire that measured SOC, the big five personality factors, demographic, socio-economic, private-life, and work-life variables. The five personality factors explained 38% (for women) and 40% (for men) of the variation in SOC and the demographic, socio-economic, private-life, and work-life variables explained an additional 17% (for women) and 12% (for men) of the variation in SOC. Thus, the five personality factors explain a substantial part of the variation in SOC but SOC captures additional aspects that cannot be captured by the five fundamental personality factors.
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| 45. |
- Häkkinen, Kirsti, et al.
(författare)
-
Ideology and climate change denial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 70, s. 62-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examining the relation between ideological variables and climate change denial, we found social dominance orientation (SDO) to outperform right-wing authoritarianism and left-right political orientation in predicting denial (Study 1 and 2). In Study 2, where we experimentally altered the level of denial by a newscast communicating supporting evidence for climate change, we demonstrated that the relation between the ideology variables and denial remains stable across conditions (newscast vs. control). Thus, the results showed that denial can be altered by communicating climate change evidence regardless of peoples' position on ideology variables, in particular social dominance. We discuss the outcome in terms of core elements of SDO - dominance and system-justification motives - and encourage researchers on climate change denial to focus on these elements.
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| 46. |
- Johnson, Maarit
(författare)
-
Active and passive maladaptive behaviour patterns mediate the relationship between contingent self-esteem and health
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 51:2, s. 178-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with an impoverished basic self-acceptance are compelled to seek external reassurances of their own value and to cope with the threats and challenges of social life by different compensatory behaviours. The present study examines the links between competence based self-esteem (CBSE) and relation based self-esteem (RBSE) (Johnson & Blom, 2007), active and passive maladaptive socio-behavioural styles and health status. The active style was indicated by hostile perfectionistic strivings whereas the passive style was indicated by avoidance and emotion suppression. In a cross-sectional design 284 Swedish adults completed personality and health questionnaires. The results showed that CBSE is a stronger predictor of poor physical health than RBSE and that the relation is primarily mediated by an active toxic style, whereas the role of RBSE for health appears purely indirect, mediated by a passive repressive style. An additional finding was that the two types of contingent SE and socio-behavioural styles were associated with different kinds of health problems.
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| 47. |
- Johnson, Maarit
(författare)
-
Patterns of extreme responses to items in self-esteem scales : Does conceptualisation and item content matter?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 55:5, s. 622-625
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-esteem (SE) scales are particularly susceptible for various response-sets. Systematic response alterations, often mirroring self-presentational item characteristics, can be triggered differentially depending on the content of items in a scale. The present study examined extreme responding to items in the global SE scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and the basic SE scale (Forsman & Johnson, 1996). The results showed that global SE scores were determined to a higher extent by extreme responses, in particular rejecting negative item content, than basic self-esteem scores. The implications of self-presentation contra self-esteem for an asymmetry in response patterns between the two scales are discussed.
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| 48. |
- Koyi, Hemin, et al.
(författare)
-
Shear zones between rock units with no relative movement
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 50:SI, s. 82-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shear zones are normally viewed as relatively narrow deformation zones that accommodate relative displacement between two “blocks” that have moved past each other in opposite directions. This study reports localized zones of shear between adjacent blocks that have not moved past each other. Such deformation zones, which we call wakes, form due to the movement of exotic blocks within a viscous medium (denser blocks sinking within a salt structure, (the paths) between separated boudins), melt in partially molten surroundings (melt movement during migmatisation), or solid blocks sinking through a partially molten magma body (stoping). From the fluid dynamics perspective these shear zones can be regarded as low Reynolds number deformation zones within the wake of a body moving through a viscous medium. While compact moving bodies (aspect ratio 1:1:1) generate axial symmetric (cone like) shear zones or wakes, elongated bodies (vertical plates or horizontal rod-like bodies) produce tabular shear zones or wakes. Unlike conventional shear zones across which shear indicators usually display consistent symmetries, shear indicators on either side of the shear zone or wake reported here show reverse kinematics. Thus profiles exhibit shear zones with opposed senses of movement across their center-lines or -planes.We have used field observations and results from analytical and numerical models to suggest that examples of wakes are the transit paths that develop where denser blocks sink within salt structures, bodies of melt rise through migmatites, between boudins separated by progressive extension and (perhaps) where slabs of subducted oceanic lithosphere delaminate from the continental crust and sink into the asthenosphere. We also argue that such shear zones may be more common than they have been given credit for and may be responsible for some reverse kinematics reported in shear zones.
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| 49. |
- Krumbholz, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Recent horizontal stress directions in basement rocks of southern Sweden deduced from open microcracks
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Structural Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8141 .- 1873-1201. ; 65, s. 33-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strike direction of open intragranular microcracks in quartz and feldspar host grains was determined using optical transmission and reflection microscopy on eight oriented samples taken in two study areas in Precambrian basement rocks of southern and south-central Sweden. For an area of about 160 km(2) (SW of Vastervik) and two sample locations (W of Uppsala), the vast majority of open microcracks displays a strong preferred NW-SE strike direction. According to the common assumptions that natural cracks in crystalline rocks are predominantly extensional (mode I), and that open cracks belong to the latest microcrack generation, these strike directions should reflect the (sub-) recent main horizontal stress direction (sigma H) of the recent tectonic stress field. This conclusion is supported by corresponding directions known from in situ stress measurements and focal plane solutions in the vicinity of the study areas. It is remarkable that even in samples taken close (i.e. a few hundred metres) to recently active large scale faults the orientation of microcracks does not deviate from this common direction. This may point to slip on already softened faults, very local stress reorientations (e.g. m-scale) or that local stress relief was accomplished by other processes at microscale, e.g. mechanical twinning in favourably oriented feldspar crystals, or slip on grain boundaries.
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| 50. |
- Lindén, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Right-wing authoritarianism is a risk factor of torture-like abuse, but so is social dominance orientation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3549 .- 0191-8869. ; 53:7, s. 927-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Right-wingauthoritarianism (RWA) is regularly implicated as a potential risk factor of abusive behavior, whereas social dominance orientation (SDO) is not. We compared RWA and the two subscales of SDO, SDO-Dominance and SDO-Egalitarianism, as factors behind legitimization and hypothetical self-involvement in the use of torture-like abusive behavior (a scenario from Abu-Ghraib military prison). Introducing SDO-Dominance in hierarchical multiple regression analyses decreased the strength of both RWA and SDO-Egalitarianism as predictors and in a model with all three factors in the equation only SDO-Dominance revealed a significant relation. It is argued that more work is needed to map the overlap between RWA and SDO, and that understanding of contextual factors is vital when making specific predictions regarding whether SDO, RWA, or both might lead to abusive behaviors.
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