| 1. |
- Brynjell-Rahkola, Mattias, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical realization of helical vortices : application to vortex instability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics. - : Springer. - 0935-4964 .- 1432-2250.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to numerically represent a free vortex system arises frequently in fundamental and applied research. Many possible techniques for realizing this vortex system exist but most tend to prioritize accuracy either inside or outside of the vortex core, which therefore makes them unsuitable for a stability analysis considering the entire flow field. In this article, a simple method is presented that is shown to yield an accurate representation of the flow inside and outside of the vortex core. The method is readily implemented in any incompressible Navier–Stokes solver using primitive variables and Cartesian coordinates. It can potentially be used to model a wide range of vortices but is here applied to the case of two helices, which is of renewed interest due to its relevance for wind turbines and helicopters. Three-dimensional stability analysis is performed in both a rotating and a translating frame of reference, which yield eigenvalue spectra that feature both mutual inductance and elliptic instabilities. Comparison of these spectra with available theoretical predictions is used to validate the proposed baseflow model, and new insights into the elliptic instability of curved Batchelor vortices are presented. Furthermore, it is shown that the instabilities in the rotating and the translating reference frames have the same structure and growth rate, but different frequency. A relation between these frequencies is provided.
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| 2. |
- Gledhill, Irvy M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical treatment of fluid flow for accelerating bodies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0935-4964 .- 1432-2250. ; 30:5, s. 449-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most computational fluid dynamics simulations are, at present, performed in a body-fixed frame, for aeronautical purposes. With the advent of sharp manoeuvre, which may lead to transient effects originating in the acceleration of the centre of mass, there is a need to have a consistent formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations in an arbitrarily moving frame. These expressions should be in a form that allows terms to be transformed between non-inertial and inertial frames and includes gravity, viscous terms, and linear and angular acceleration. Since no effects of body acceleration appear in the inertial frame Navier–Stokes equations themselves, but only in their boundary conditions, it is useful to investigate acceleration source terms in the non-inertial frame. In this paper, a derivation of the energy equation is provided in addition to the continuity and momentum equations previously published. Relevant dimensionless constants are derived which can be used to obtain an indication of the relative significance of acceleration effects. The necessity for using computational fluid dynamics to capture nonlinear effects remains, and various implementation schemes for accelerating bodies are discussed. This theoretical treatment is intended to provide a foundation for interpretation of aerodynamic effects observed in manoeuvre, particularly for accelerating missiles.
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| 3. |
- Lignell, David, et al.
(författare)
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One-dimensional turbulence modeling for cylindrical and spherical flows: model formulation and application
- 2018
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2250 .- 0935-4964. ; 32:4, s. 495-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model resolves a full range of time and length scales and is computationally efficient. ODT has been applied to a wide range of complex multi-scale flows, such as turbulent combustion. Previous ODT comparisons to experimental data have focused mainly on planar flows. Applications to cylindrical flows, such as round jets, have been based on rough analogies, e.g., by exploiting the fortuitous consistency of the similarity scalings of temporally developing planar jets and spatially developing round jets. To obtain a more systematic treatment, a new formulation of the ODT model in cylindrical and spherical coordinates is presented here. The model is written in terms of a geometric factor so that planar, cylindrical, and spherical configurations are represented in the same way. Temporal and spatial versions of the model are presented. A Lagrangian finite-volume implementation is used with a dynamically adaptive mesh. The adaptive mesh facilitates the implementation of cylindrical and spherical versions of the triplet map, which is used to model turbulent advection (eddy events) in the one-dimensional flow coordinate. In cylindrical and spherical coordinates, geometric stretching of the three triplet map images occurs due to the radial dependence of volume, with the stretching being strongest near the centerline. Two triplet map variants, TMA and TMB, are presented. In TMA, the three map images have the same volume, but different radial segment lengths. In TMB, the three map images have the same radial segment lengths, but different segment volumes. Cylindrical results are presented for temporal pipe flow, a spatial nonreacting jet, and a spatial nonreacting jet flame. These results compare very well to direct numerical simulation for the pipe flow, and to experimental data for the jets. The nonreacting jet treatment overpredicts velocity fluctuations near the centerline, due to the geometric stretching of the triplet maps and its effect on the eddy event rate distribution. TMB performs better than TMA. A hybrid planar-TMB (PTMB) approach is also presented, which further improves the results. TMA, TMB, and PTMB are nearly identical in the pipe flow where the key dynamics occur near the wall away from the centerline. The jet flame illustrates effects of variable density and viscosity, including dilatational effects.
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| 4. |
- Saglietti, Clio, et al.
(författare)
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Adjoint optimization of natural convection problems : differentially heated cavity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics. - : Springer. - 0935-4964 .- 1432-2250. ; 31:5-6, s. 537-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimization of natural convection-driven flows may provide significant improvements to the performance of cooling devices, but a theoretical investigation of such flows has been rarely done. The present paper illustrates an efficient gradient-based optimization method for analyzing such systems. We consider numerically the natural convection-driven flow in a differentially heated cavity with three Prandtl numbers (Pr= 0.15 - 7 ) at super-critical conditions. All results and implementations were done with the spectral element code Nek5000. The flow is analyzed using linear direct and adjoint computations about a nonlinear base flow, extracting in particular optimal initial conditions using power iteration and the solution of the full adjoint direct eigenproblem. The cost function for both temperature and velocity is based on the kinetic energy and the concept of entransy, which yields a quadratic functional. Results are presented as a function of Prandtl number, time horizons and weights between kinetic energy and entransy. In particular, it is shown that the maximum transient growth is achieved at time horizons on the order of 5 time units for all cases, whereas for larger time horizons the adjoint mode is recovered as optimal initial condition. For smaller time horizons, the influence of the weights leads either to a concentric temperature distribution or to an initial condition pattern that opposes the mean shear and grows according to the Orr mechanism. For specific cases, it could also been shown that the computation of optimal initial conditions leads to a degenerate problem, with a potential loss of symmetry. In these situations, it turns out that any initial condition lying in a specific span of the eigenfunctions will yield exactly the same transient amplification. As a consequence, the power iteration converges very slowly and fails to extract all possible optimal initial conditions. According to the authors’ knowledge, this behavior is illustrated here for the first time.
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| 5. |
- Sasaki, Kenzo, et al.
(författare)
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On the wave-cancelling nature of boundary layer flow control
- 2018
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics. - : Springer. - 0935-4964 .- 1432-2250. ; 32:5, s. 593-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work deals with the feedforward active control of Tollmien-Schlichting instability waves over incompressible 2D and 3D boundary layers. Through an extensive numerical study, two strategies are evaluated; the optimal linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) controller, designed using the Eigensystem realization algorithm, is compared to a wave-cancellation scheme, which is obtained using the direct inversion of frequency-domain transfer functions of the system. For the evaluated cases, it is shown that LQG leads to a similar control law and presents a comparable performance to the simpler, wave-cancellation scheme, indicating that the former acts via a destructive interference of the incoming wavepacket downstream of actuation. The results allow further insight into the physics behind flow control of convectively unstable flows permitting, for instance, the optimization of the transverse position for actuation. Using concepts of linear stability theory and the derived transfer function, a more efficient actuation for flow control is chosen, leading to similar attenuation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves with only about 10% of the actuation power in the baseline case.
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| 6. |
- Tamarin, Talia, et al.
(författare)
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On the nonnormal-nonlinear interaction mechanism between counter-propagating Rossby waves
- 2015
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Ingår i: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0935-4964 .- 1432-2250. ; 29:3, s. 205-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The counter-propagating Rossby wave perspective to shear flow instability is extended here to the weakly nonlinear phase. The nonlinear action at a distance interaction mechanism between a pair of waves is identified and separated from the linear one. In the former, the streamwise velocity converges the far-field vorticity anomaly of the opposed wave, whereas in the latter, the cross-stream velocity advects the far-field mean vorticity. A truncated analytical model of two vorticity interfaces shows that higher harmonics generated by the nonlinear interaction act as a forcing on the nonnormal linear dynamics. Furthermore, an intrinsic positive feedback toward small-scale enstrophy results from the fact that higher harmonic pair of waves are generated in anti-phase configuration which is favored for nonnormal growth. Near marginal stability, the waves preserve their structure and numerical simulations of the weakly nonlinear interaction show wave saturation into finite amplitudes, in good agreement both with the fixed point solution of the truncated model, as well as with its corresponding weakly nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau amplitude equation.
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