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- Boqvist, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Sources of sporadic Yersinia enterocilitica infection in children in Sweden, 2004 : a case-control study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 137, s. 897-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young children account for a large proportion of reported Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Sweden with a high incidence compared with other gastrointestinal infections, such as salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis. A case-control study was conducted to investigate selected risk factors for domestic sporadic yersiniosis in children aged 0–6 years in Sweden. In total, 117 cases and 339 controls were included in the study. To minimize exclusion of observations due to missing data a multiple non-parametric imputation technique was used. The following risk factors were identified in the multivariate analysis : eating food prepared from raw pork products (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.8–5.1) or treated sausage (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3), use of a baby’s dummy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2) and contact with domestic animals (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.4). We believe that the importance of Y. enterocolitica infection in children has been neglected and that results from this study can be used to develop preventive recommendations.
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- Palmgren, Helena, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Salmonella in Black-headed gulls ( Larus ridibundus); prevalence, genotypes and influence on Salmonella epidemiology.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 134:3, s. 635-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During a period of 3 years, 1998-2000, 1047 faecal swabs from Black-headed gulls were sampled at one location in Southern Sweden. Salmonella spp. was found in 28 individuals (2.7%) and the dominating serotype found was S. Typhimurium (83%). Twenty-five per cent of the Salmonella-infected gulls were later recaptured and re-sampled. We found that Salmonella infection in Black-headed gulls was of short duration, and that infection in this bird species was predominantly expressed as carriage without disease manifestations. All S. Typhimurium isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance profiling and molecular characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and IS200 polymerase chain reaction. The S. Typhimurium gull isolates were compared to human and domestic animal isolates of the same serotype and phage type. We found genetic relatedness of S. Typhimurium DT195 isolates from gulls, domestic animals and humans, indicating that Black-headed gulls might play a role in the spread of S. Typhimurium in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Steptoe, A, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogen burden and cortisol profiles over the day
- 2009
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - New York : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 137:12, s. 1816-1824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) regulation in adults is influenced by early psychosocial adversity, but the role of infectious disease history is poorly understood. We studied the association between cumulative pathogen burden and cortisol profile over the day in a sample of 317 healthy men and women aged 51-72 years. Cumulative pathogen burden was defined as positive serostatus for Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Salivary cortisol was sampled repeatedly over the day. The cortisol slope was defined as the decrease across the day and evening. Age, gender, grade of employment, body mass index, smoking status, self-rated health, cardiovascular medication, depressed mood and time of waking were included as covariates. The pathogen burden averaged 1.76 (S.D. = 0.92). The cortisol slope was inversely associated with pathogen burden after controlling for covariates. When individual pathogens were studied, only CMV was associated with flatter cortisol rhythms in isolation. We conclude that pathogen burden is independently associated with flatter cortisol slopes over the day, and may contribute to disturbed neuroendocrine regulation.
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- Tham, Wilhelm, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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More than one variant of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from each of two human cases of invasive listeriosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 135:5, s. 854-856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two variants of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from blood cultures from each of two patients with listeriosis. Each variant displayed a two-band difference in DNA profile from the other by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although this difference in profile is insufficient to distinguish clearly between the variants, the possibility of co-infection with different strains of L. monocytogenes needs to be considered. We suggest that more than one colony should be selected for molecular typing to aid interpretation during investigation of the sources and routes of Listeria infection.
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| 11. |
- Sartz, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in southern Sweden associated with consumption of fermented sausage; aspects of sausage production that increase the risk of contamination.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688. ; 136:3, s. 370-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections occured in southern Sweden during autumn 2002. A matched case-control study was performed and indicated an association between consumption of fermented sausage and EHEC infection (odds ratio 5.4, P<0.002). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified a strain of E. coli O157:H7 in clinical faecal isolates which was identical to a strain isolated from sausage samples obtained from households of infected individuals. A combination of microbiological and epidemiological results established a link between sausage consumption and the outbreak in 30 out of a total of 39 investigated cases. Contaminated beef was suspected to be the source of infection. Delayed start of fermentation, lack of heat-treatment and a short curing period in cold temperature were identified as the main factors enabling EHEC survival. EHEC can survive thorughout the entire production process of fermented sausage if curing conditions are inadequate.
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