| 1. |
- André-Petersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Social support and behavior in a stressful situation in relation to myocardial infarction and mortality: who is at risk? Results from prospective cohort study "men born in 1914," malmö, sweden.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 13:4, s. 340-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronary heart disease remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Much data support the view that social support is associated with coronary heart disease. Participants of the study "Men born in 1914," (414 men) were followed from a baseline measurement in 1982183 until the end of 1996. At baseline, the men answered a questionnaire on social support and participated in a stressful test where their behavior was categorized as adaptive or maladaptive. This study examined whether social support had a prospective impact on the incidence of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality when behavior in the stressful task was taken into consideration. The conclusion of the study was that unsatisfactory levels of social support is associated with an increased risk of incident myocardial infarction (HR 2.40, CI 1.36-4.25, p = .003) and premature death (HR 1.99, CI 1.32-3.00, p = .001) but only in men who had shown maladaptive behavior in the test.
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| 2. |
- Blom, May, et al.
(författare)
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Daily stress and social support among women with CAD : results from a 1-year randomized controlled stress management intervention study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress may play a causative role in development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD).PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of a 1-year stress management program on daily stress behavior and social support among female CAD patients.METHOD: Women, 247 (RESULTS: Daily stress scores for the intervention and control groups were at baseline 39.5 +/- 8.1 vs. 37.2 +/- 9.1 (p = 0.06), 10 weeks 37.2 +/- 8.0 vs. 35.5 +/- 9.4 (p = 0.20), 1-year 36.1 +/- 7.2 vs. 35.9 +/- 8.5 (p = 0.85), and at 1-2 year follow-up 34.0 +/- 7.8 vs. 35.3 +/- 8.7 (p = 0.32), respectively. Intention to treat analyses showed interaction between treatment and time [F(3,213) = 2.72; p = 0.01] reflecting that the decrease was more pronounced in the intervention group. There was no evidence for a difference in change concerning social support.CONCLUSION: CAD women in the intervention group had a more pronounced reduction of self-rated daily stress behavior over time compared to controls. However, as the intervention group had higher baseline values, due to regression toward the mean, we have no evidence that the difference in decrease of daily stress was due to the intervention.
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| 3. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Sleeping problems as a risk factor for subsequent musculoskeletal pain and the role of job strain: results from a one-year follow-up of the Malmö Shoulder Neck Study Cohort.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:4, s. 254-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of sleeping problems in the causal pathway between job strain and musculoskeletal pain is not clear. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sleeping problems and job strain on the one-year risk for neck, shoulder, and lumbar pain. METHOD: A prospective study, using self-administered questionnaires, of a healthy cohort of 4,140 vocationally active persons ages 45-64, residing in the city of Malmo. RESULTS: At follow-up, 11.8% of the men and 14.8% of the women had developed pain. The odds ratios (OR) for pain at follow-up and sleeping problems at baseline were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.13-2.61) in men and 1.91 (1.35-2.70) in women. Regarding exposure to job strain, ORs were 1.39 (0.94-2.05) for men and 1.63 (1.18-2.23) for women. These statistically significant risks remained so when controlled for possible confounding. A modest synergistic effect was noted in women with concurrent sleeping problems and job strain, but not in men. CONCLUSION: One in 15-20 of all new cases of chronic pain in the population could be attributed to sleeping problems. No evidence was found for a causal chain with job strain leading to musculoskeletal pain by the pathway of sleeping problems.
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| 4. |
- Choi, B., et al.
(författare)
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Cross-language differential item functioning of the job content questionnaire among European countries: the JACE study
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-7558 .- 1070-5503. ; 16:2, s. 136-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about cross-language measurement equivalence of the job content questionnaire (JCQ) PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to assess the extent of cross-language differential item functioning (DIF) of the 27 JCQ items in six languages (French, Dutch, Belgian-French, Belgian-Dutch (Flemish), Italian, and Swedish) from six European research centers and to test whether its effects on the scale-level mean comparisons among the centers were substantial or not. METHOD: A partial gamma coefficient method was used for statistical DIF analyses where the Flemish JCQ was the reference for other language versions. Additionally, equivalence between the Flemish and Dutch translations was subjected to a judgmental review. RESULTS: On average, 36% to 39% of the total tested items appeared to be cross-language DIF items in the statistical analyses. The judgmental review indicated that half of the DIF items may be associated with translation difference. The impacts of the DIF items on the mean comparisons of the JCQ scales between the centers were non-trivial: underestimated skill discretion (Milan), underestimated decision authority (Leiden), underestimated psychological demands (Milan women), and incomparable coworker support (Gothenburg 95). CONCLUSION: Cross-language DIF of the JCQ among European countries should be considered in international comparative studies on psychosocial job hazards using JCQ scales.
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| 5. |
- Eller, Nanna Hurwitz, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate variability and intima media thickness
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 13:3, s. 201-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system is part of the physiological stress response and is expressed in the heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of this study was to examine associations of HRV and intima media thickness (IMT). In 2002, satisfactory measurements of HRV of 78 voluntary participants were made, both during a stress test and during sleep. IMT in 2002 and the progression in IMT from 1998 to 2002 were analyzed in relation to measures of HRV HRV was negatively associated with IMT and IMT progression both during test and sleep. In men with higher IMT measures than mean the low frequency-high frequency ratio was higher during sleep than during test, perhaps mirroring a lack of ability to recovery. HRV was negatively associated with IMT and IMT progression. HRV may be part of the pathophysiological pathway between psychological strain and atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The panorama and outcomes of pregnancies within a well-defined population in rural Vietnam 1999-2004.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-7558 .- 1070-5503. ; 16:3, s. 269-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pregnancy outcomes in the general population are important public health indicators. PURPOSE: The overall aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of reported pregnancies within a well-defined population, to identify risk groups for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to suggest preventive measures. METHOD: A prospective population-based cohort study of pregnant women in Bavi district, Vietnam between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2004. RESULTS: Pregnancy outcome was reported for 5,259 cases; 4,152 (79%) resulted in a live birth, 67 (1.3%) in a stillbirth, 733 (14%) in an induced abortion, and 282 (5.4%) in a spontaneous abortion. There was an increased risk of home delivery for women from ethnic minorities (OR = 1.85; 95%CI = 1.06-3.24) or with less than 6 years of schooling (OR = 7.36; 95%CI = 3.54-15.30). The risk of stillbirth was increased for ethnic minorities (OR = 6.34; 95%CI = 1.33-30.29) and women delivering at home (OR = 6.81; 95%CI = 2.40-19.30). The risk of induced abortion increased with maternal age. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the public health significance of access to adequate family planning, counselling, and maternal health care for all women. Policies should specifically target women from high-risk groups.
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| 7. |
- Hogh, Annie, et al.
(författare)
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A 5-year follow-up study of aggression at work and psychological health
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 12:4, s. 256-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a longitudinal cohort study, organizational climate and long-term effects of exposure to nasty teasing (aggression) at work were investigated. The baseline consisted of a representative sample of Danish employees in 1995 with a response rate of 80% (N = 5,652). Of these, 4,647 participated in the follow-up in 2000 (response rate 84%). In 1995, 6.3% were subjected to nasty teasing with no significant gender difference. At baseline, we found significant associations among nasty teasing, a negative organizational climate, and psychological health effects. In the follow-up analyses, associations were found between exposure to nasty teasing at baseline and psychological health problems at follow-up, even when controlled for organizational climate and psychological health at baseline and nasty teasing at follow-up. Stratified for gender, the follow-up associations were significant for women but not for men. Low coworker support and conflicts at baseline and teasing at follow-up mediated the effects on men. Key words: bullying, fatigue, gender differences, longitudinal study, mental health, teasing
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| 8. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial work stressors for insomnia : a prospective study on 50-60-year-old adults in the working population
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 14:4, s. 222-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective study aimed to examine whether psychosocial work stressors were related to the development and maintenance of insomnia. From a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 3,600), 1,873 participants aged 50-60 years old in the workforce filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up questionnaire. Stepwise logistic regressions were used to investigate whether work stressors were related to the development and maintenance of insomnia over one year. The results showed that, among individuals with no insomnia at baseline, high work demands increased the risk of developing insomnia 1 year later (4% of the variance). Among participants with insomnia at baseline, work stressors did not influence the course of insomnia over one year. Finally, low influence over decisions, high professional compromise, and high work demands were related to the maintenance of insomnia (9% of the variance). The findings indicate that perceived work stressors are, although rather weakly, associated with the development and maintenance of insomnia. This might have implications for how insomnia is conceptualized as it places work stressors in the model and for how interventions at different stages of insomnia is implemented.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kristenson, Margareta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Good self-rated health is related to psychosocial resources and a strong cortisol response to acute stress : The LiVicordia study of middle-aged men
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 12:3, s. 153-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-rated health (SRH) is a strong predictor for disease and death. The relations among SRH, psychosocial factors, and cortisol dynamics were tested using pooled data from the LiVicordia study of 50-year-old men in Lithuania (n = 94) and Sweden (n = 89), controlling for effect of residence. SRH was assessed by " How would you assess your own health?" A standardized laboratory stress test included measures of cortisol in serum and saliva. Good SRH related to high scale scores of decision latitude, social support at work, coping, self-esteem, and sense of coherence, to low scores of overcommitment (all p < .01) and vital exhaustion (r = -0.40, p < 0.001), to low concentrations of saliva baseline cortisol (r = -.26, p = .001), and to a strong cortisol response to stress (r = .27, p = .001). Findings that good SRH related to favorable psychosocial characteristics and to a dynamic cortisol stress response indicate a possible explanation for observed lower risk for disease and death in this state. Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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| 11. |
- Lindahl, Bernt
(författare)
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An illness behavior view on coping with diabetes.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-7558 .- 1070-5503. ; 15:3, s. 165-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Lindfors, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Total workload as related to psychological well-being and symptoms in full-time employed female and male white-collar workers.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 13:2, s. 131-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most research on the combined effects of paid and unpaid workload has related these factors to stress, depression, and physical symptoms. Thus, comparative knowledge concerning positive aspects of human functioning, such as health and well-being and how they relate to total workload of employed women and men, is limited. Our aim in this study was to investigate how total workload including paid and unpaid work is related to psychological well-being and symptoms in full-time employed women and men. We obtained data on workload, general symptoms, and the Ryff scales covering self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations, personal growth, purpose in life, and autonomy from questionnaires mailed to a stratified sample of highly educated white-collar workers aged between 32 and 58 years. Data from women (n = 430) and men (n = 400) living in partner relationships with at least one child showed that increasing hours of unpaid work was associated with decreasing levels of self-acceptance and environmental mastery in women, whereas paid work was associated with increasing levels of personal growth and decreasing levels of purpose in life. For men, paid work was associated with increasing levels of personal growth and more symptoms. We discuss factors underlying the gender-specific relationships between paid and unpaid work, psychological well-being, and symptoms.
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| 13. |
- Lundberg, Ulf
(författare)
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Sleep and musculoskeletal pain
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:4, s. 253-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article focuses on sleep disorders as a risk factor for musculoskeletal pain. It is reported that sleep disorders at baseline predict development of chronic musculoskeletal pain in initially healthy working female and male one year later. Job strain was also predictive of musculoskeletal pain in female. The hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis is activated by sleep disturbance which results in elevated cortisol levels.
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| 14. |
- MacDonald, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing : Shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:3, s. 201-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research and theory suggest that the symptom pair of chronic pain and insomnia may be maintained by shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences. Purpose: This investigation describes the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to assess the way people think about symptoms of pain and poor sleep. Method: A pool of 12 items was generated from existing and validated measures. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on item responses from a community sample of respondents who reported having had a problem with pain or sleep (n = 1702) during the three months previous to the survey. Multinomial regression analyses (MRA) were used to describe derived subscale responses for distinct groups reporting different degrees of perceived symptom severity and overlap. Results: EFA suggested the existence of three distinct dimensions: safety behaviors of behavioral orientation, safety behaviors of cognitive orientation, and catastrophizing. MRA analyses indicated that catastrophizing appears to be a shared psychological process and that both types of safety behaviors may be enhanced in co-morbid problems with persistent pain and insomnia. Conclusion: Cognitions pertaining to avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing are associated with symptom severity and overlap in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders. More research is needed to explore the importance of shared psychological processes and consequences when studying and treating ill health.
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| 15. |
- Mellner, Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Symptom reporting and self-rated health among women in mid-life: the role of work characteristics and family responsibilities.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 13:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how socioeconomic factors and psychosocial conditions are related to self-reported health among 43-year-old women representing the general Swedish population (N = 569). Odds ratios and multiple logistic regression analyses were used for associations and effect modification, adjusted for symptom reporting in adolescence. Poor self-reported health was predicted by low income, financial worries, and job strain, as well as combined exposure to a high level of unpaid household work and job strain (double burden). In conclusion, poor psychosocial conditions related to working life, as well as to the combined impact of paid and unpaid work were revealed to be risk factors for poor self-reported health among middle-aged women. These results highlight the need for improving women's work conditions, as well as designing family policies that promote a better sharing of unpaid household tasks and responsibilities between spouses.
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| 16. |
- Novak, Masuma, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in smoking: influence of social chain of risks from adolescence to young adulthood: a prospective population-based cohort study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science & Business Media B.V.. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 14:3, s. 181-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathway between socioeconomic disadvantages and smoking is a process that requires an understanding of life-course influence.This study investigated pathways of social risks at different life stages that are linked to adolescent smoking and maintenance of smoking through to young adulthood.A cohort consisting of all pupils (n = 1083) from one Swedish city were followed from age 16 to age 30 (1981-1995), with a 96.4% response rate.Odds ratios of being a smoker at age 30 among low educated were 2.54 for men and 2.53 for women. Using structural equation model analysis for men and women, a strong chain of risks was found from age 16 linking to smoking at age 30: adolescents with adverse socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely from a divorced family. Being from a divorced family and having poor contact with their parents influenced their smoking directly and through peers. Adolescents with adverse SES were also likely to be unpopular in school, which affected their smoking behavior directly and through peers. These socially disadvantaged participants, who were smokers at age 16, continued smoking until age 30 years. The risk pathways were similar for both men and women.Adult smoking reflects the cumulative influence of multiple socioeconomic and psychosocial chains of risks experienced during upbringing. The programs that are addressed to reduce smoking among socially disadvantaged adolescents would have an impact in reducing smoking inequalities in adults.
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| 17. |
- Olsson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying factors associated with good and ill health. Not just opposite sides of the same coin
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 16:4, s. 323-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Work-related health research has traditionally focused on identifying risks rather than determinants of good health. Our knowledge of variation in ill health is thus greater than our understanding of such variations in good health. Purpose In this study, the associations between work-environment exposures and good health are examined. We are especially interested in contrasting our indices of ill health with a narrow measure of good health. Moreover, the salutary effect of sense of coherence (SOC) is explored, focusing particularly on its moderating role. Method Data stem from the panel of Swedish level of living surveys for 1991 and 2000. The analysis is based on a sample of 2,334 employed men and women. Logistic regressions are used. Results Assessed work-environment factors are to a large extent related, in a mirrored way, to good health and ill health. The models' fit are, however, generally better for the latter. Our findings also indicate that SOC has a protective role for individuals exposed to work risks such as stress and high physical demands. Conclusion To improve our understanding of what promotes good health, research needs to focus on salutary factors. One such salutary factor explored in this paper is sense of coherence.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sjögren, Elaine, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Diurnal saliva cortisol levels and relations to psychosocial factors in a population sample of middle-aged Swedish men and women
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 13:3, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas psychosocial risk factors increase the risk for disease, psychosocial resources reduce this risk. To examine a possible pathway for these effects, the relations between saliva cortisol levels and psychosocial factors were studied in a random sample of 257 men and women aged 30 to 64 years. Saliva samples were collected at home on waking, 30 min after waking, and in the evening. A flatter diurnal rhythm of cortisol, that is, lower deviations between awakening and evening cortisol levels, was related to high levels of psychosocial risk factors (cynicism, depression, and vital exhaustion), whereas a steeper diurnal rhythm was related to psychosocial resources (social support and coping), general health, and well-being (all p < .05). Our results support earlier suggestions that the capacity of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-axis to dynamically respond to stress is 1 pathway for observed effects of psychosocial factors regarding risk for disease development. Copyright © 2006 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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| 22. |
- Stenlund, Therese, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitively Oriented Behavioral Rehabilitation in Combination with Qigong for Patients on Long-Term Sick Leave Because of Burnout : REST-A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 16:3, s. 294-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite an increase in the occurrence of burnout, there is no agreement on what kind of rehabilitation these patients should be offered. Primary aim of this study was to evaluate effects on psychological variables and sick leave rates by two different group rehabilitation programs for patients on long-term sick leave because of burnout. Rehabilitation program A (Cognitively oriented Behavioral Rehabilitation (CBR) and Qigong) was compared with rehabilitation program B (Qigong only). In a randomized clinical trial, 96 women and 40 men with a mean age of 41.6 +/- 7.4 years were allocated to one of the two rehabilitation programs. A per-protocol analysis showed no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the groups. Both groups improved significantly over time with reduced levels of burnout, self-rated stress behavior, fatigue, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and sick leave rates. In an intention-to-treat analysis, patients in program A had fewer obsessive-compulsive symptoms and larger effect sizes in self-rated stress behavior and obsessive-compulsive symptoms compared to patients in program B. This study showed no differences in effect between CBR and Qigong compared with Qigong only in a per-protocol analysis. Both rehabilitation programs showed positive effect for patients with burnout.
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| 23. |
- Toivanen, Susanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Income differences in cardiovascular disease : is the contribution from work similar in prevalence versus mortality outcomes?
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 13:1, s. 89-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this research is to study the contribution of adverse working conditions to the association between income and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to analyze differences across prevalence and mortality outcomes. Cross-sectional data from the Swedish Surveys of Living Conditions, 1996-1999 (N = 6,405), and longitudinal registry data for the period 1990-95 (10,916 CVD deaths) were used, including employed wage earners, aged 40-64. Working conditions were assessed through self-reports and imputed from a job exposure matrix, respectively. Multiple logistic and Poisson regressions were applied. There were strong associations between income and CVD. Those in the lowest income quartile had 3.6 (prevalence) and 2.1 (mortality) times higher risk of CVD, compared to those in the highest income quartile (with a gradient for the intermediate groups). In the survey, low job control and physical demands contributed 8-10% to the association between income and CVD prevalence. This contribution was 10% for low job control in the mortality follow-up. A small proportion of the association between income and the prevalence of or mortality from CVD is attributable to working conditions.
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| 24. |
- Uvnäs-Moberg, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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The Psychobiology of Emotion : The Role of the Oxytocinergic System.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 12:2, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A necessary condition for the individual's survival is the capacity for mental, behavioral, and physiological adaptation to external and internal conditions. Consequently, the integrated organism strives to maintain a dynamic, functional balance and integrity under varying conditions. Effective individual adaptation processes are basically dependent on the functioning of the integrated psychophysiological system. In humans, the brain plays a fundamental role in these processes. It serves the adaptation of individuals to current and anticipated conditions by selecting, interpreting, and transforming information into mental, behavioral, and physiological responses. In doing so, the incoming information is linked to existing structures of emotions, values, and goals. Consequently, the interpretation of external information may vary and become subjective depending on an individual's present and past experiences (see e.g., Magnusson, 2003). Hitherto, empirical research has been mainly concerned with the aspect of the psychophysiological system, which is activated in situations that are perceived by the individual as threatening, harmful, or demanding and in which the fight-flight and stress responses described by Cannon (1929) and Selye (1976) play an important role. The aim of this article is to draw attention to a component of the psychophysiological system, the calm and connection system, underlying well-being and socialization. By including this new system, the model of the integrated individual becomes more complete and it enriches the understanding of emotional aspects of brain functioning.
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| 25. |
- Karasek, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Testing two methods to create comparable scale scores between the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and JCQ-Like questionnaires in the European JACE study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503. ; 14:4, s. 189-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Scale comparative properties of "JCQ-Iike" questionnaires with respect to the JCQ have been little known. Purpose: Assessing validity and reliability of two methods for generating comparable scale scores between the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and JCQ-like questionnaires in sub-populations of the large Job Stress, Absenteeism and Coronary Heart Disease European Cooperative (JACE) study: the Swedish version of Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ) and a transformed Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Project (MONICA) questionnaire. Method: A random population sample of all Malmo males and females aged 52-58 (n = 682) years was given a new test questionnaire with both instruments (the JCQ and the DCQ). Comparability-facilitating algorithms were created (Method I). For the transformed Milan MONICA questionnaire, a simple weighting system was used (Method II). Results: The converted scale scores from the JCQ-Iike questionnaires were found to be reliable and highly correlated to those of the original JCQ. However, agreements for the high job strain group between the JCQ and the DCQ, and between the JCQ and the DCQ (Method I applied) were only moderate (Kappa). Use of a multiple level job strain scale generated higher levels of job strain agreement, as did a new job strain definition that excludes the intermediate levels of the job strain distribution. Conclusion: The two methods were valid and generally reliable.
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| 26. |
- Lindfors, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Biological underpinnings of positive health in middle-aged women and men [abstract]
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503. ; 13:S1, s. 69-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective is to present our recent research on the biological underpinnings of positive health. In the first study, the Ryff scales covering self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relations, personal growth, purpose in life, and autonomy were used to measure positive health in female and male white-collar workers (n = 23) at the same workplace. Biological indicators, including salivary cortisol, urinary catecholamines and blood pressure, were collected during two workdays. The results revealed that individuals with high scores on the Ryff scales had significantly lower levels of morning cortisol and a significantly lower total cortisol output than did the others, while no significant differences emerged for catecholamines or blood pressure. In a second study, sense of coherence (SOC) was used to measure positive health in 43 year-old women (n = 244) who took part in a standardized medical examination. As hypothesized, the results showed that women reporting a strong SOC had significantly lower systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol than did those with a weak SOC. A third study explored further the longitudinal associations between SOC and allostatic load in women (n = 200). The results showed that, at age 43, SOC, nicotine consumption and allostatic load were significantly associated with SOC at age 49. Taken together, our studies indicate possible mechanisms linking self-reports of positive health to health-related biological reactions. It is suggested that, in comparison to individuals with low positive health, individuals with high positive health have access to resources for dealing successfully with daily life stress, which reduces chronic stress and cumulative load on bodily systems and contributes to long-term health.
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| 27. |
- Lindfors, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of Coherence and Biomarkers of Health in 43-Year-Old Women.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503. ; 12:2, s. 98-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate how sense of coherence (SOC) relates to biomarkers of health in 43-year-old nonsmoking premenopausal women. Before taking part in a standardized medical health examination including assessment of blood pressure, blood lipids, and physical symptoms, participants completed a three-item measure of SOC. On the basis of their SOC scores, the 244 women with complete datasets were categorized into 1 of 3 groups with a weak, intermediate, or strong SOC. Results showed that women with a strong SOC had significantly lower levels of systolic blood pressure (p < .05) and total cholesterol (p < .05) than did women with a weak SOC. It is suggested that the lower levels of systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol found in women with a strong SOC may constitute a biological buffer against ill health and disease.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Osika, Walter, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A new short self-rating questionnaire to assess stress in children
- 2007
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Ingår i: Int J Behav Med. - 1070-5503. ; 14:2, s. 108-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We constructed a test to assess stress in children and compared it with established measures of depression, anxiety, angel; disruptive behavior, and negative self-perception. A total of 181 children aged between 9 and 12 years were enrolled at various stages of the construction of a new short questionnaire; Stress in Children (SiC). Baseline data, completed questionnaires, salivary cortisol (SC)five times during (1 day), and 24-h urinary catecholamines were collected during an ordinary school week. The SiC was validated using the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional andnt (BYI). Associations with self-reported psychosomatic symptoms for urinary catecholamines and cortisol concentrations were assessed. Cronbach's 6 used in this study for the entire SiC questionnaire is 0.86. Statistically significant associations were found between the SiC Global Mean Score (GMS) and all of the five BYI subscales. Spearman's rho coefficient for the association of SiC GMS with the first SC sample is 0.30 (p = 0.01). When stratified by sex, the magnitude of the association between SC and SiC was higher in girls, while there was no significant association among boys. No significant associations with catecholamine levels were observed for self-rating scores from the SiC or BYI. This study demonstrated that the SiC questionnaire has satisfactory reliability and its ratings are associated with those generated by the BYI. The SiC GMS was associated with higher morning saliva cortisol in girls. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to screen for stress in schoolchildren using an easily administered self-rating instrument.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Steij Stålbrand, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective Health and Illness, Coping and Life Satisfaction in an 80-Year-Old Swedish Population - Implications for Mortality
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503. ; 14:3, s. 173-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multimorbidity and illness will become more common due to increased life expectancy. Purpose: This study describes various combinations of diseases and symptoms and explores implications for survival in a sample of 80 year-olds followed up to 95 years of age. Furthermore, reported subjective health, coping, and life satisfaction is explored. Method: 212 persons, born in 1908, were classified into four groups based on their number of diseases and reported symptoms according to a health examination at the age of 80. These groups were compared regarding standardized measurements of subjective health, depression, coping, life satisfaction, and mortality. Results: The mortality risks, the hazard ratios, were of the same magnitude, 1.8-2.2, whether the persons experienced several symptoms, had several diseases, or a combination of several symptoms and several diseases when compared to the healthy group of respondents. Conclusion: The experience of subjective signs of illness carries the same mortality risks as diseases.
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| 32. |
- von Thiele, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated recovery from work stress and allostatic load in women.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503. ; 13:S1, s. 352-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cross-sectional study was set to investigate the relationships between self-rated recovery from work stress and biological dysregulation in terms of allostatic load and individual biomarkers, respectively. 241 healthy women within the public health care sector completed self-ratings of recovery and took part in a standardized medical examination which provided individual biomarkers. These biomarkers were used to compute allostatic load, a summary indicator of biological challenges of multiple bodily systems. Cluster analysis of self-rated recovery resulted in three distinct cluster profiles: 1) recovered women (n = 108), with sufficient recovery and low levels of fatigue 2) non-recovered women (n = 51), with poor recovery in general and poor long term recovery in particular and 3) fatigued women (n = 82), characterized by poor short term recovery and high levels of mental and physical fatigue. A sequential logistic regression analysis was performed and the risk of high allostatic load was predicted from cluster group membership while controlling for age, education and whether or not participants had children living at home. Odds ratios showed that higher age and belonging to the fatigued profile were associated with high allostatic load. In contrast, there were no significant differences in individual biomarkers between recovery profiles. This study provides support for a focus on cumulative load when investigating the biological pathways of self-rated recovery from work stress. Furthermore, it adds to the research field by clarifying how self-rated recovery from work stress is related to allostatic load in healthy women employed in the public health care sector, which suggests that assessment of self-rated recovery from work could be used to prevent future ill health.
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