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1.	Bolic Baric, Vedrana, et al. (författare) Internet Activities During Leisure : A Comparison Between Adolescents With ADHD and Adolescents From the General Population 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 22:12, s. 1131-1139 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Adolescents' leisure activities are increasingly focusing on Internet activities, and today, these coexist with traditional leisure activities such as sport and meeting friends. The purpose of the present study was to investigate leisure activities, particularly Internet activities, among boys and girls with ADHD, and compare these with boys and girls from the general population. The objective was also to explore how traditional leisure activities and Internet activities interrelate among adolescents with ADHD.METHOD: Adolescents with ADHD (n = 102) were compared with adolescents from the general population on leisure activities and Internet use.RESULTS: Leisure activities among adolescents with ADHD tended to focus on Internet activities, particularly online games. Internet activities were broadening leisure activities among adolescents with ADHD, rather than being a substitute for traditional leisure activities.CONCLUSION: Internet activities may provide adolescents with ADHD accessible means of social interaction.
2.	Brocki, Karin C., 1975-, et al. (författare) Do Individual Differences in Early Affective and Cognitive Self-Regulation Predict Developmental Change in ADHD Symptoms From Preschool to Adolescence? 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 23:13, s. 1656-1666 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The role of heterogeneous self-regulation deficits in ADHD has long been emphasized. Yet, longitudinal studies examining distinct self-regulation processes as prospective predictors of developmental change in ADHD symptoms spanning wide developmental periods are scarce. The aim of the current study was to examine affective and cognitive self-regulation as predictors of developmental change in ADHD symptoms from preschool to adolescence in a sample with one third of the children being at risk for developing an ADHD and/or ODD diagnosis.Method: At 5 years laboratory measures for hot and cool executive function (EF) and parental and teacher ratings were used for regulation of positive and negative emotionality. Symptoms of ADHD and ODD were measured at 5 and 13 years using parental and teacher ratings based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV).Results: Converging developmental paths in hyperactivity/impulsivity across time were found for those high versus low in early cognitive self-regulation, whereas the development of inattention symptoms diverged across time for those high versus low in early affective self-regulation.Conclusion: These results support the idea that different aspects of self-regulation are important for developmental change in the two separate ADHD symptom domains from preschool to adolescence.
3.	Catale, C, et al. (författare) The childhood executive function inventory: confirmatory factor analyses and cross-cultural clinical validity in a sample of 8- to 11-year-old children 2015 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 19:6, s. 489-495 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The aim was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the French adaptation of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) in children and to explore the cross-cultural validity of the CHEXI in discriminating between children with ADHD and controls in two culturally different samples (Belgian and Swedish). Method: Study I included normally developing children ( n = 242), whereas Study II included both children diagnosed with ADHD ( n = 87) and controls ( n = 87). CHEXI ratings were collected from parents. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor solution, referred to as inhibition and working memory, which had been identified previously. Both subscales had good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the CHEXI was found to discriminate, with high sensitivity and specificity, between children with ADHD and controls in both cultural samples. Conclusion: The CHEXI can be considered as a valuable screening measure for ADHD in children, but the cross-cultural clinical implications of ratings have to be considered.
4.	Frick, Matilda, et al. (författare) Temperament and Cognitive Regulation During the First 3 Years of Life as Predictors of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity at 6 Years 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 23:11, s. 1291-1302 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: With a wish to identify early markers of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, we examined effects of temperament and cognitive regulation, during the first 3 years of life, on later inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior.METHOD: Temperament and cognitive regulation were assessed at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months in 66 typically developing children. Teachers rated inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity at 6 years.RESULTS: Temperamental activity at all studied time points was predictive of later hyperactive/impulsive behavior, thus appearing as a stable marker thereof. Activity at 12 months was also predictive of inattention, whereas temperamental persistence was correlated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, but with no independent contributions. No significant relations between cognitive regulation and the outcome measures were found.CONCLUSION: Our findings add to the scarce literature proposing that markers of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior in early school age can be found within the first years of life, using parental ratings of child temperament.
5.	Giacobini, M, et al. (författare) Prevalence, Patient Characteristics, and Pharmacological Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults Diagnosed With ADHD in Sweden 2018 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 22:1, s. 3-13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of diagnosed ADHD and the pharmacological treatment of patients with ADHD in Sweden. Specifically, this study estimates the prevalence of patients with a newly registered diagnosis of ADHD over a 5-year period, and the prevalence of all patients with a registered ADHD diagnoses over a 6-year period in Sweden. Method: Two population-based registries were used as data sources for this study; the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Prescribed Drug Register (PDR). The international Classification of Diseases 10th Revison (ICD-10) was used to identify patients with ADHD. Results: The annual prevalence of ADHD in the general population of Sweden was found to be 1.1 per 1,000 persons in the year 2006 increasing to 4.8 per 1,000 persons in 2011. The corresponding prevalence for newly diagnosed patients increased from 0.6 per 1,000 persons in 2007 to 1.3 per 1,000 persons in 2011. The majority of diagnosed patients received pharmacological treatment, with methylphenidate being the most common dispensed drug. Comorbidities in the autism spectrum were most common for younger patients, while substance abuse, anxiety, and personality disorder were the most common comorbidities in older patients. Conclusion: From 2006 to 2011, the number of patients diagnosed with ADHD has increased in Sweden over all ages. The majority of patients diagnosed with ADHD in Sweden received a pharmacological treatment regardless of age. An ADHD diagnosis was often accompanied with psychiatric comorbidity.
6.	Guldberg-Kjär, Taina, 1965, et al. (författare) ADHD Symptoms Across the Lifespan: A Comparison of Symptoms Captured by the Wender and Barkley Scales and DSM-IV Criteria in a Population-Based Swedish Sample Aged 65 to 80. 2015 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 19:5, s. 390-404 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The aim was to compare different scales capturing ADHD symptoms for older individuals' self-reports about childhood and current ADHD symptomatology. An additional aim was relating these results to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) ADHD criteria. Method: The 25-item Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) administered in a population-based sample of 1,599 individuals aged 65 to 80. Two subsamples each with 30 individuals were randomly drawn based on their Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) scores, and studied using the Wender Riktad ADHD Symtom Skala (WRASS), interview assessed Barkley Scales, and DSM-IV ADHD criteria. Results: Higher WURS and WRASS scores were related to higher Barkley Childhood and Current Symptoms Scales Scores. Also, reporting more symptoms on these scales was related to meeting DSM-IV criteria for childhood and current ADHD. Conclusion: The results support significant persistence of ADHD symptoms when using different scales designed for the capture of childhood and current ADHD symptomatology. Further studies of ADHD in a lifespan perspective are encouraged. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX).
7.	Helland, Wenche Andersen, 1955-, et al. (författare) Language impairments in children with ADHD and in children with reading disorder 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 20:7, s. 581-589 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To investigate language impairments (LI) in a non –clinical sample of children with symptoms of AD/HD, RD, AD/HD + RD and controls, and to explore whether these groups could be differentiated from each other regarding different aspects of language.Method: Out of a population-based sample of 5672 children aged 7-9, four groups were derived.Results: LI was identified in the vast majority of the AD/HD+RD group and in more than 40 % of both the AD/HD group and the RD group.Conclusions: More phonological and expressive language problems were seen in RD compared to AD/HD, while receptive language problems were more prominent in AD/HD. As to pragmatics, more problems were identified in AD/HD, but the difference did not reach significance. These results support findings from clinical samples pointing to a considerable rate of LI both in children with symptoms of AD/HD and in children with symptoms of RD.
8.	Holbrook, JR, et al. (författare) Persistence of Parent-Reported ADHD Symptoms From Childhood Through Adolescence in a Community Sample 2016 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 20:1, s. 11-20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and factors associated with elevated symptom counts in a diverse, longitudinal community-based sample. Method: Parents reported demographics and completed a diagnostic interview repeatedly over a 6-year period. At Time 1, 481 interviews were completed about children (5-13 years); all participants were invited to four annual follow-up interviews, and 379 (79%) completed at least one. Inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (HI) symptom counts were modeled with logistic quantile regression, while accounting for study design complexities. Results: The prevalence of seven IA symptoms remained stable from early childhood through late adolescence. The prevalence of eight HI symptoms decreased by more than half over time. After demographic adjustment, the upper quartile of HI symptom counts decreased with age ( p < .01). High HI symptom counts persisted more among those with high IA symptom counts ( p = .05). Conclusion: This study further characterizes and provides insights into ADHD symptom trajectory through adolescence.
9.	Holst, Y, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With ADHD and Adults With Other Psychiatric Disorders 2017 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 21:2, s. 137-148 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The aim was to investigate how well neuropsychological measures can discriminate between adults with ADHD and those with other psychiatric disorders. Method: Adults with ADHD and a clinical control group ( n = 110) were included. Neuropsychological functioning was investigated using measures of inhibition, working memory, set shifting, planning, fluency, reaction-time variability, and delay aversion. Results: Adults with ADHD performed more poorly compared with clinical controls with regard to all constructs. The effects of verbal memory, inhibition, set shifting, fluency, and delay aversion remained significant when controlling for IQ. However, when controlling for basic cognitive functions, only the effects of inhibition, fluency, and delay aversion were significant. Sensitivity ranged between 64% and 75%, and specificity between 66% and 81%. Conclusion: Neuropsychological tests have a relatively poor ability to discriminate between adults with ADHD and clinical controls, but they may be used to identify individuals at particularly high risk for poor daily functioning.
10.	Hult, Nicklas, et al. (författare) ADHD and the QbTest: Diagnostic Validity of QbTest. 2018 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 22:11, s. 1074-1080 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: We assess the diagnostic accuracy of the QbTest, which measures the cardinal symptoms of ADHD. METHOD: The study group comprised 182 children (mean age about 10 years), of whom 124 had ADHD and 58 had other clinical diagnosis of which 81% had ASD. RESULTS: Only QbTest parameters for inattention and hyperactivity differentiated between ADHD and other clinical diagnoses at the p ≤ .01 level, not for measures of impulsivity. Sensitivity ranged from 47% to 67% and specificity from 72% to 84%. Positive predictive value ranged from 41% to 86%, and negative predictive value from 43% to 86%. Area under the curve varied from .70 to .80. CONCLUSION: The ability of the individual QbTest parameters to identify ADHD was moderate. The test's ability to discriminate between ADHD subtypes was unsatisfactory.
11.	Johansson Capusan, Andrea, et al. (författare) Comorbidity of Adult ADHD and Its Subtypes With Substance Use Disorder in a Large Population-Based Epidemiological Study 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - Thousand Oaks, USA : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 23:12, s. 1416-1426 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the role and possible substance preference in ADHD and subtypes in substance use disorder (SUD).Method: Using self-report data on ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) symptoms and SUD (alcohol, illicit drugs, and nicotine) in 18,167 Swedish twins, aged 20 to 45 years, we obtained odds ratios (OR) from mixed effect logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, education, and nonindependence of twin data.Results: Increased ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with increased odds for all SUD. ORs ranged between 1.33 for regular nicotine (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 1.59]); 2.54 for multiple drug use (95% CI = [2.00, 3.23]), and 3.58 for alcohol dependence (95% CI = [2.86, 4.49]).Conclusion: ADHD symptoms and subtypes in the population are associated with increased risks for all SUD outcomes, with no difference between ADHD subtypes, no substance preference, and no sex differences for the comorbidity. Clinicians need to consider ADHD evaluation and treatment as part of management of SUD in adults.
12.	Kaye, S, et al. (författare) Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers 2019 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 23:12, s. 1438-1453 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
13.	Konstenius, Maija, et al. (författare) An epidemiological study of ADHD, substance use, and comorbid problems in incarcerated women in Sweden 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 19:1, s. 44-52 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity, including substance use in incarcerated women.METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study, consisting of two parts: (a) screening using the ADHD Self-Rating Scale (ASRS) and (b) diagnostic assessment using a structured interview.RESULTS: A sample of 96 incarcerated women was screened and 56 underwent the diagnostic assessment. Twenty-nine percent of the women met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD in the diagnostic assessment. Forty-four of the women had misuse of alcohol, and 83% had misuse of narcotics the year prior to the incarceration. The ASRS showed sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.66.CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of ADHD in incarcerated women was high and comparable to that in male offenders. Illicit stimulant use and antisocial personality disorder were significantly more common in women with ADHD. ASRS is useful as a screener in this population.
14.	Lundervold, Astri J, et al. (författare) Attention Deficits in Children With Combined Autism and ADHD: A CPT Study. 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 20:7, s. 599-609 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To investigate characteristics of attention in children with the combination of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. Method: Four groups of 8- to 10-year-old children were compared on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition (CCPT-II): (a) ASD + ADHD (n = 11), (b) ASD only (n = 9), (c) ADHD only (n = 38), and (d) no diagnosis (n = 134). Results: There was an overall effect of group on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) index and measures of hit reaction time, accuracy, response style, variability, and consistency. The ASD + ADHD group, much like the ADHD only group, had a more risky response style, a higher variability, and a lower consistency than the ASD only group. The impact of intellectual function on CCPT-II performance was considerable in children within the ASD subgroups. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of including measures of attention and intellectual function when assessing children with the combination of ASD and ADHD.
15.	Lundin, A, et al. (författare) Testing the Discriminant and Convergent Validity of the World Health Organization Six-Item Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener Using the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2019 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 23:10, s. 1170-1177 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is intended to measure population prevalence of ADHD. The short version ASRS-6 has yet not been validated in a population setting. Our aim was to examine the validity of the ASRS-6 in a general population. Method: We used the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2014. The convergent validity was assessed using item response theory (IRT). The discriminant validity was assessed by examining the correlation between the ASRS and known correlates. Results: The ASRS-6 was unidimensional albeit with hyperactivity and impulsivity items fitting less good. IRT analysis showed that the item difficulty ranged between easy to hard and that the four items on inattention had good or very good discriminatory ability. Correlates were all in the expected direction. Conclusion: The ASRS-6 has adequate validity in the general population but reflects the duality of ADHD having both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as sufficient and non-necessary criteria.
16.	Messler, Carolin Friederike, et al. (författare) Multimodal Therapy Involving High-Intensity Interval Training Improves the Physical Fitness, Motor Skills, Social Behavior, and Quality of Life of Boys With ADHD : A Randomized Controlled Study 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 22:8, s. 806-812 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To compare the effects of multimodal therapy including supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with those of standard multimodal therapy (TRAD) concerning key variables of physical fitness (peak power and oxygen uptake), motor skills, social behavior, and quality of life in boys with ADHD. Method: A single-center, two-arm randomized, controlled design was used, with 28 boys (8-13 years of age, IQ = 83-136) being randomly assigned to multimodal HIIT (three sessions/week, 4 x 4-min intervals at 95% of peak heart rate) or TRAD. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children II evaluated motor skills and the German version of the hyperkinetic disorder questionnaire for external evaluation by the guardians (FBB-HKS) or German version of the hyperkinetic disorder questionnaire for self-assessment by the children (SBB-HKS) and the KINDL-R questionnaires mental health and health-related quality of life. Results: Both interventions enhanced peak power, and HIIT also reduced submaximal oxygen uptake. HIIT was more effective than TRAD in improving the total score for motor skills (including manual dexterity and ball skills; p < .05), self-esteem, friends, and competence (p < .05) and, moreover, improved subjective ratings of attention. Conclusion: Three weeks of multimodal therapy including HIIT improved physical fitness, motor skills, certain aspects of quality of life, competence, and attention in boys with ADHD.
17.	Nehlin Gordh, Christina, 1958-, et al. (författare) The patient´s perspective on the link between ADHD and substance use : A qualitative interview study 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 19:4, s. 343-350 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ObjectThe primary aim of this study was to investigate how adult individuals with ADHD perceive the role of alcohol and drugs in their lives. A secondary aim was to identify factors that those individuals consider useful in the treatment and prevention of co-occurring ADHD and substance use disorders.MethodA qualitative interview study with ADHD outpatients (n=14) at a psychiatric clinic. Data were analyzed based on pre-defined areas of interest using a deductive content analysis method. ResultsThe yearning for belongingness was identified as an important driving force underlying substance use. The participants felt that alcohol/drugs helped them being normal and thus respected and accepted. Early diagnosis of ADHD was perceived essential to avoid SUD.ConclusionAdults with ADHD may have strong rational and emotional reasons for the use of alcohol and drugs. When planning for the treatment of adult ADHD, investigation of personal reasons for alcohol/drug use deserves a place.
18.	Nordström, Tanja, et al. (författare) Different Risk Factors Between Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 21:11, s. 904-912 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To examine different risk factors between disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and ADHD or combined DBD and ADHD. Method: The study population was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Psychiatric diagnoses were defined from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children–Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview. The study sample was divided into four groups—people with DBD (n = 44), with ADHD (n = 91), with both (n = 72), and without either (n = 250)—to evaluate the different risk factors behind these disorders. Results: After adjusting with possible confounding factors, female gender and paternal admittance to inpatient psychiatric care increased the odds that an adolescent was having DBD. Childhood hyperactivity symptoms increased the odds of having ADHD and childhood hyperactivity symptoms and scholastic impairment increased the odds of having both disorders. Conclusion: Our study indicates DBD and ADHD have clearly different risk factors, and the impact of the paternal factors on DBD should be noted more than has been before.
19.	Pettersson, Richard, et al. (författare) Diagnosing ADHD in Adults : An Examination of the Discriminative Validity of Neuropsychological Tests and Diagnostic Assessment Instruments 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 22:11, s. 1019-1031 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the discriminative validity of neuropsychological tests and diagnostic assessment instruments in diagnosing adult ADHD in a clinical psychiatric population. Method: Of 108 patients, 60 were diagnosed with ADHD. The Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) v.1.1 together with eight neuropsychological tests were investigated. Results: All instruments showed poor discriminative ability except for the DIVA, which showed a relatively good ability to discriminate between the groups (sensitivity = 90.0; specificity = 72.9). A logistic regression analysis model with the DIVA and measures of inattention, impulsivity, and activity from continuous performance tests (CPTs) showed a sensitivity of 90.0 and a specificity of 83.3. Conclusion: Neuropsychological tests have a poor ability to discriminate between patients diagnosed with ADHD and patients not diagnosed with ADHD, but variables from CPT tests can contribute to increasing the specificity by 10% if used in combination with the DIVA.
20.	Pettersson, Richard, et al. (författare) Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD in Outpatient Psychiatric Care : A Randomized Trial 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 21:6, s. 508-521 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program targeting difficulties and impairments associated with adult ADHD.METHOD: Forty-five adults diagnosed with ADHD were randomized to either self-help (iCBT self-help format [iCBT-S]), self-help with weekly group sessions (iCBT group-therapy format [iCBT-G]), or a waiting-list control group. Treatment efficacy was measured at pre- and posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up.RESULTS: Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms for the iCBT-S group in comparison with the waiting-list controls at posttreatment, with a between-group effect size of d = 1.07. The result was maintained at 6-month follow-up. No significant difference was found at posttreatment or 6-month follow-up between the iCBT-S and iCBT-G groups.CONCLUSION: The findings show that a CBT treatment program administered through the Internet can be a promising treatment for adult ADHD. Limitations of the study design and directions for future research are discussed.
21.	Rasmussen, Kirsten, et al. (författare) Differences in psychiatric problems and criminality between individuals treated with central stimulants before and after adulthood 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 23:2, s. 173-180 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The evidence for central stimulant (CS) treatment in ADHD is strong in some respects but not with respect to unselected clinical material and long-term effects over the life course cycle. The objective of this study was to explore differences in vocational, psychiatric, and social impairment, including crime and substance abuse, among adults with ADHD, treated or not, with CS drugs before age 18. Method: A clinical population of men (N = 343) and women (N = 129) seeking CS treatment as adults was assessed within a specific program for such treatment. Clinical information and data collected by structured instruments were available. Results: Previously CS-treated persons had a lower frequency of problems (alcohol/substance abuse, criminality), and of certain psychiatric disorders (depressive, anxiety and personality ones). Most differences were substantial. Conclusion: The study supports the assumption that CS treatment during childhood/adolescence offers some protection against the development of a range of problems known to characterize adult ADHD patients.
22.	Reilly, Colin, 1977, et al. (författare) Parent- and Teacher-Reported Symptoms of ADHD in School-Aged Children With Active Epilepsy: A Population-Based Study. 2017 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 21:11, s. 887-897 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Provide data on the distribution of parent- and teacher-reported symptoms of ADHD in childhood epilepsy and describe coexisting cognitive and behavioral disorders in children with both epilepsy and ADHD. METHOD: Eighty-five (74% of those eligible) children (5-15 years) in a population-based sample with active epilepsy underwent psychological assessment. The ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scale was completed by parents (n = 69) and teachers (n = 67) of participating children with an IQ > 34. ADHD was diagnosed with respect to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.). RESULTS: Parents reported significantly more symptoms of ADHD than teachers (p < .001). Symptoms of inattention were more commonly reported than symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity (p < .001). Neurobehavioral comorbidity was similar in those with ADHD and non-ADHD with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD), which were more common in those with both epilepsy and ADHD. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of ADHD are very common in childhood epilepsy but prevalence is influenced by informant.
23.	Salavert, J, et al. (författare) Functional Imaging Changes in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Adult ADHD 2018 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 22:7, s. 679-693 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Functional imaging studies have found reduced frontal activity, mainly in dorso/ventro-lateral regions and reduced task-related de-activation of the default mode network in childhood ADHD. Adult studies are fewer and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the potential neural bases of executive function in ADHD adults, examining brain activity during N-back task performance, and to explore the potential corrective effects of long-term methylphenidate treatment. Method: We recruited a large adult ADHD-combined sample and a matched control group and obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images during task. ADHD participants were subdivided in a group under long-term treatment with methylphenidate (washed out for the scan) and a treatment-naive group. Results: ADHD participants showed deficient de-activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during 2-back task, implying default mode network dysfunction. We found no relationship between blunted de-activation and treatment history. Conclusion: As de-activation failure in the medial frontal cortex is linked to lapses of attention, findings suggest a potential link to ADHD symptomatology.
24.	Tillman, Carin, et al. (författare) A Longitudinal Examination of the Developmental Executive Function Hierarchy in Children With Externalizing Behavior Problems 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 19:6, s. 496-506 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Using a 4-year longitudinal design, we evaluated two hypotheses based on developmental executive function (EF) hierarchy accounts in a sample of children with externalizing problems. Method: The participants performed EF tasks when they were between 8 and 12 years (M = 9.93), and again approximately 4 years later when they were between 12 and 15 years (M = 13.36). Results: Inhibition in middle childhood predicted working memory (WM) 4 years later. Further, deficits in inhibition and sustained attention were more prominent in middle rather than late childhood, whereas poor WM was salient throughout these periods. Conclusions: These findings support the hypotheses that EFs develop hierarchically and that EF deficits in ADHD are more prominent in actively developing EFs. They also emphasize ADHD as a developmental disorder.
25.	Tillman, Carin, et al. (författare) The Role of Parental Education in the Relation Between ADHD Symptoms and Executive Functions in Children 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 19:6, s. 542-548 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Using a population-based sample of 9-year-old children, this study examined whether the relation between symptoms of ADHD and executive functions (EFs) depended on socioeconomic status (SES; indexed by parental education). Method: Parents and teachers rated the children's ADHD symptoms, and parents also indicated their educational level in a questionnaire. The children performed a comprehensive set of EF tasks. Results: Whereas working memory was similarly related to ADHD symptoms in the lower and higher parental education group, the relations of inhibition and mental set-shifting with ADHD symptoms were generally stronger in the higher educational group, a pattern that was supported by several significant group differences in correlations. Conclusion: This suggests that the EF pathway in contemporary multiple pathway models of ADHD etiology may be particularly relevant in higher SES parts of the population.
26.	Åsberg Johnels, Jakob, 1978, et al. (författare) A Hyperlexic-Like Reading Style Is Associated With Increased Autistic Features in Girls With ADHD. 2019 Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 23:8, s. 767-776 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hyperlexic-like reading (defined as word decoding much better than comprehension) has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we study correlates of a hyperlexic-like reading style (HPL) in ADHD, a condition known to co-occur both with reading difficulties and ASD.We compared 10 girls with an ADHD diagnosis plus HPL with 26 with ADHD minus HPL.Girls with HPL scored marginally lower in reading comprehension but did not differ from non-HPL girls in IQ, vocabulary, or in the severity of ADHD ratings. However, in addition to scoring much better on word decoding, HPL readers also displayed higher levels of social-communication deficits on the ADOS-G and the ADI-R. Moreover, correlation analysis in the full sample revealed an association between increasing autistic features and word reading.The study underscores the heterogeneity of reading skills in ADHD, and shows the relevance of subclinic autistic features for understanding this variability.
27.	Richard, Franck, et al. (författare) True morels (Morchella, Pezizales) of Europe and North America: evolutionary relationships inferred from multilocus data and a unified taxonomy 2015 Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 107:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)

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